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Classification of Fungi Sem I Paper II Unit I Compressed

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19 views

Classification of Fungi Sem I Paper II Unit I Compressed

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Zahid Yaqoob Bhat
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Classification of Fungi (Alexopolus and Mims 1996)

 Many classifications were proposed by various scientists before 1990. All these
classifications were based on morphology of fungi, colony characters, reproductive
characters etc. At present the classification of fungi is in a set of flux (Changing) due to
new biochemical analysis and DNA studies. In 1996 Alexopolus, Mims and Blackwell
proposed new fungal classification. The classification is based on evolutionary
relationship and therefore it is known as phylogenetic classification.
 This classification recognizes the fact that the organism which are called as Fungi are not
closely related. These organisms donot share common evolutionary history, only they
form a closely related group on the basis of their morphology, nutritional modes and
ecology.
 Fungi and Allied Organisms includes 3 Kingdoms
o Kingdom Fungi
o Kingdom Stramenofila
o Kingdom Protista

Kingdom Fungi

1. Phylum Chitridomycota
2. Phylum Zygomycota
3. Phylum Ascomycota
4. Phylum Basidiomycota

Kingdom Stramenofila

1. Phylum Oomycota
2. Phylum Hypochitridiomycota
3. Phylum Lambrinthulamycota

Kingdom Protists

1. Phylum Plasmodiophoromycota
2. Phylum Dictrostelimycota
3. Phylum Acrasiomycota
4. Phylum Myxomycota

The kingdom fungi includes four phyla i.e. Chtridiomycota, Zygomycota, Ascomycota, and
Basidiomycota. These are true fungi. In 1989, Patterson introduce the term strame nophila in
recognizing new monophyletic group of organism based on flagella and hair structure.
Kingdom Fungi

 They are achlorophyllous


 They are heterotrophic
 They are eukaryotic and spore bearing orgamism
 Fungal cell is surrounded by well defined cell wall made up of chitin i.e. fungal cellulose
 Fungi usually obtain food by absorption

Phylum Chitridomycota

 This phylum includes a single class chitridomycetes which contain 123 genera
 The member of this phylum are popularly called chitrids
 Chitrids produce motile zoospores with single flagella
 The tallus of chitrids is coenocytic with holocarpic or eucarpic mode of reproduction
 Cell wall contain chitin and glucan (Carbohydrate)
 The zygote is converted into resting spore or sporangium.
 Eg. Synchitrium

Phylum Zygomycota

 It includes 2 classes zygomecetes and bicomycetes


 Zygomycota is characterized by a thick wall resting spore called zygospore which is non -
motile and without flagella
 Asexual reproduction takes place usually by non-motile sporangiospore called
aplanospore or arthrospore.
 The members of zygomycota reproduces sexually by fertilization of two equal size
gametangia resulting in the formation of thick wall zygospore.
 The mycelium of zygomycota members is coenocytic and cell wall contain chitin.
 The zygomycota members are mostly saprophytes but some members are weak parasite
of plant.
 Eg. Mucor, Rhizopus

Phylum Ascomycota

 It includes three classes Ascomycetes, Saccharomycetes, and Filamentous Ascomycetes


 The members of this phylum commonly called ascomycetes or sac fungi
 The production of sac like structure called Ascus within which sexual spore called
ascospore are formed
 Eight ascospore are typically form within each ascus.
 In Ascomycota, septed mycelium is formed which has simple pores.
 The Ascomycota members produce non-motile zoospores or gametes
 Formation of oidia or typical asexual reproductive spore is a characteristic feature of
Ascomycota.
 Eg. Penicillium

Phylum Basidiomycota

 Basidiomycota includes three classes i.e. Basidiomcetes, Teleomycetes, Ustomycetes.


 These organisms have well developed branched and septed mycelium.
 The cell wall is mainly composed of chitin and glucan
 Asexual reproduction takes place by conidia and chlamidospores formation
 In sexual reproduction basidiospores are forms externally on the basidium
 Eg. Agaricus, Polyporous

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