GOVERNMENT POLYTECHNIC K R PETE

DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS

FUNDAMENTALS
OF
ELECTRICAL & ELECTRONICS ENGINEERING
LAB MANUAL

NAME OF THE STUDENT: ___________________________

REGISTER NO.: ________________________________

BRANCH: ___________________________________

COLLEGE: _______________________________________
 CONTENTS

Ex. Page
Experiment Name Sign
No No
General instructions
Connect voltmeter and ammeter in a simple circuit. (Practicing of
1
identification and connection of different meters)
Determine the value of resistance by color code and
2
Compare it with multimeter readings
3 Determine the equivalent resistance of series connected resistances.
4 Determine the equivalent resistance of parallel connected resistances.
Measure the voltage, current, power using relevant Measuring
5
instruments in a Single-phase load.
Measure single phase energy using relevant Measuring instruments in
6
a Single-phase load
Wire up and test PVC Conduit wiring to control of 1 lamp from one
7
places
Wire up and test PVC Conduit wiring to control a lamp and a three-pin
8 socket independently.
Wire up and test PVC Conduit wiring to control one Lamp from two
9
different places using suitable Protective devices.
Test ICs 7408 and 7400 and verify the truth-table for AND & NAND
10
logic gates
Test ICs 7432 and 7402 and verify the truth-table for OR & NOR
11
logic gates
Test ICs 7404 and 7486 and verify the truth-table for NOT and
12
EXOR logic gates
Connect the Single- phase transformer as Step-Up, Step-Down
13
transformer and verify the Transformation ratio.
Construct a suitable circuit to start and reverse the Direction of three
14
phase induction motor using DOL/star-delta starter.

1
 GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS
1) While Doing Connections and Taking Readings: -

a. Wires used for doing connections should be capable of carrying current through
them. At the same time, they should not be too heavy to cause burden for the terminal
pin connectors. Please note that the terminals given for PC are weaker than that of
CC (especially in high current range wattmeter’s). So- if you connect thick wire to
the PC terminals, you are burdening the PC terminals. Also note that using too heavy
wire than the required is uneconomic.

b. Use flexible (thin) wires to connect voltmeter and PC of wattmeter’s. Because they
carry very small currents. This will ease to do connections as well as not harm the
terminals of the meters.

c. Best method of doing connections: - First do loop connections, that is connect those
wires which act as links between supply and load. Then insert (= connect) PC circuit
of wattmeter and voltmeter wherever necessary. This will help you in easy
understanding, analyzing and troubleshooting the circuit

d. Fix wires with optimum tightness. Do not leave the wires loose which may cause
risk of electric shock for the operator or damage to the equipment and supply.
Similarly, do not over tight the terminals/screws. This will damage the terminals and
make them useless for future.

e. Ammeter and CC of wattmeter have less number of turns and low resistance, because
they are connected in series with the load. They carry load current. Since sufficient
or considerable amount of current flows in these coils, few turns are enough to
provide desired deflection torque for the movement of the pointer.

f. Voltmeter and PC circuit of wattmeter are connected in parallel with the load or
supply. Hence they are made of high resistance (else they will consume large
power!). To make the circuit highly resistive, a series resistance is added with their
coils. Now, since current through the coil is very small (due to insertion of this series
resistance), they need large number of turns to produce the desired deflection torque
for the movement of the pointer. Hence voltmeter and PC of wattmeter have large
number of turns when compared to those of an ammeter or CC of wattmeter.

g. So- coil of an ammeter and CC of a wattmeter will have low resistance (ideally zero).
Similarly coil of a voltmeter and PC of a wattmeter will have high resistance (ideally
infinity).

h. Note down zero error if any in the instrument and take it into account. Also avoid
parallax error while taking reading.

i. Check for loose connections wherever possible, especially in the rheostat. Do not
forget to check leads of multimeter and also the wires for continuity while trouble
shooting.

2
 j. Choosing rheostat: - In general, the value of the rheostat should be at least equal to
the value of the resistance of the circuit, preferably 4 to 6 times higher. The rheostat
should be able to carry currents safely without overheating.

k. While connecting the switch, the fuse should be towards load side so that when
switch is opened, the fuse can be safely touched (during trouble shooting to verify)
and replaced when needed.

l. For Ammeter and Voltmeters- In AC circuits, MI instruments should be used; In DC

circuits, either MI or MC can be used, but MC are preferred in DC circuits due to its
higher accuracy.

m. For Wattmeter: - Dynamometer Type WM is used in both AC or DC circuits.

2)Handle Instruments Carefully. Do not touch the mirror of an instrument or screen of a

CRO or even the computer. This will make it dirty and difficult to read them in future.

3)Selecting Range of a Meter: -

a) It is better to have the range a little bit higher (say 10 to 20%) than the maximum value
that is going to be measured. This will avoid risk of taking damage to the meter. Also the
range should not be too high than the maximum value to be measured, because in that case,
effect of errors will be more since the reading is just a small percentage of the full scale
reading. Also there can be loss of accuracy due to loss of resolution.

4)Note down the name plate details of any equipment or instrument. This habit will be
of great help in future.

5)While writing the record book: -

● Title, Aim, Apparatus, Procedure (including precautions if any), and Results

should be written on the front side of a page.

● Circuit Diagram, Tabular Column, Formulae used, Observations and Calculations,

Specimen graph (nature of graph) should be written on the back side of a page.

● Do not forget to mention/write units of a quantity measured or calculated. Also

double underline the final answer.

3
 Ex. 01 Connect Voltmeter and Ammeter in a Simple Circuit

Aim: To measure voltage and current across a resistance in an electrical circuit.

Materials required:

Sl.no Materials Range Quantity

1 Ammeter 0-100mA 01
2 Voltmeter 0-10 V 01
3 RPS 0-30V 01
Wire wound resistor or any suitable
4 say 1000 Ω 01
value carbon resistor
5 Connecting wires.

Circuit Diagram:

Procedure:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

2. Switch ON the power supply.

3. Vary applied voltage in steps of 2V and at each step note down the ammeter and
voltmeter readings in the tabular column.

4. Switch OFF the power supply and mains.

𝑉
5. Calculate the resistance value in each case using the relation R =
𝐼

Tabular column:
Sl Applied Voltage across the Current through the R=V/I in kΩ
No Voltage (Volts) resistance V (Volts) resistance I (mA)
1 2
2 4
3 6
4 8
5 10

4
Calculations:

Average value of resistance, R = kΩ

Result: The value of R obtained from the experiment is justified.

5
 Ex. 02 Determination of the value of resistance

Aim: Determine the value of resistance by colour code and compare it with
multimeter readings.

Materials required:

Sl.no Materials Range Quantity

1 Unknown Resistors 03
2 Colour code chart 01
3 Digital multimeter 01

Colour Code chart:

6
Multimeter connection:

Procedure:

1. Using the colour code chart determine the theoretical values of each of the given
resistors along with the tolerance.
2. Turn the meter ON and press Ω for Resistance Measurement
3. Plug the black test lead into the common input jack (COM). Plug the red lead into the
resistance input jack(VΩ).
4. Select the resistance setting.
5. Touch the probe tips across the component or portion of the circuit.
6. View the reading and note the value in the observation table.
7. Compare the readings with theoretical values.

Tabular column:

Sl. Theoretical values of resistor calculated Measured values of resistor measured

No. using colour code using multimeter

Result: The theoretical value of resistance calculated using colour code is compared with measured
value using multimeter.

7
Ex. 03 Determine the equivalent resistance of series connected resistances
Aim: To determine the equivalent resistance of series connected resistances.

Materials Required:

Sl.no Materials Range Quantity

1 Ammeter 0-100mA 01
2 Voltmeter 0-10 V 01
3 RPS 0-30V 01
of different
4 Resistors 03
values
5 Connecting wires.

Circuit diagram:

Procedure:

1. Determine the value of each resistor using colour code or multimeter and enter in
Table-1.
2. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.
3. Switch on the RPS and set the voltage to 5V.
4. Record the ammeter reading and the voltmeter reading in the Table -2 and determine
the equivalent resistance.
5. Compare this value with equivalent resistance determined theoretically.
6. Reduce the voltage and switch off the supply.

Table -1

Resistor value Measured using multimeter in kΩ

𝑹𝟏
𝑹𝟐
𝑹𝟑

8
 Table-2

Resistor used Voltage(V) in volts Current(I) in mA R = V kΩ

eq
I
𝑹𝟏 , 𝑹𝟐 , 𝑹𝟑 in series

(1) Equivalent resistance calculated theoretically from Table -1 = 𝑅𝑒𝑞 = 𝑅1 + 𝑅2 + 𝑅3 = ------ kΩ

(2) Equivalent resistance determined experimentally from table -2 = 𝑅𝑒𝑞 = --------- kΩ

Calculations:

Results: There is close agreement between the equivalent resistance calculated theoretically
and determined experimentally. Hence, Req = R1 +R2 +R3 is verified.

9
Ex. 04 Determine the equivalent resistance of parallel connected resistances

Aim: Determine the equivalent resistance of parallel connected resistances.

Materials Required:

Sl.no Materials Range Quantity

1 Ammeter 0-100mA 01
2 Voltmeter 0-10 V 01
3 RPS 0-30V 01
of different
4 Resistors 03
values
5 Connecting wires

Circuit diagram:

Procedure:

1. Determine the value of each resistor using colour code or multimeter and enter in
Table-1.
2. Connect the circuit as shown in the circuit diagram.
3. Switch on the RPS and set the voltage to 5V.
4. Record the ammeter reading and the voltmeter reading in the Table -2 and determine
the equivalent resistance.
5. Compare this value with equivalent resistance determined theoretically.
6. Reduce the voltage and switch off the supply.

10
 Table -1

Resistor value Measured using multimeter in kΩ

𝑹𝟏
𝑹𝟐
𝑹𝟑

Table-2

Resistor used Voltage(V) in volts Current(I) in mA R = V kΩ

eq
I
𝑹𝟏 , 𝑹𝟐 , 𝑹𝟑 in parallel

𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
(1) Equivalent resistance calculated theoretically from table -1 = = + + = ---kΩ
𝐑𝐞𝐪 𝐑𝟏 𝐑𝟐 𝐑𝟑

Therefore, 𝑅𝑒𝑞 = --------- kΩ

(2) Equivalent resistance determined experimentally from table-2 𝑅𝑒𝑞 = --------- kΩ

Calculations:

Results: There is close agreement between the equivalent resistance calculated theoretically
𝟏 𝟏 𝟏 𝟏
and determined experimentally. Hence, = + + is verified.
𝐑𝐞𝐪 𝐑𝟏 𝐑𝟐 𝐑𝟑

11
 Ex. 05 Measurement of the voltage, current, power using relevant
measuring instruments in a single-phase load.

Aim: To measure the voltage, current, power using relevant measuring instruments in
a single-phase load.

Materials required:

Sl.No Apparatus Range Quantity

1 Ammeter MI type 0-10A 01
2 Voltmeter MI type 0-300V 01
3 Wattmeter 0-300V,10A, UPF 01
Single phase Lamp
4 - 01
Load
Connecting wires
5 - As per requirements

Circuit Diagram:

Procedure:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

2. Ensure that all the meter readings are at zero position.
3. Keeping the load switch 𝑆2 open, close the supply switch S1.
4. Apply load in steps of 1 ampere and at each step note down ammeter, voltmeter and wattmeter
readings in the tabular column.
5. Take 4 to 5 readings. Then reduce the load to zero and open the load switch, 𝑆2 .Then open the
supply switch S1.
6. Calculate the value of power using the formulae:
Power = W × WC Watts

12
 Where, Wattmeter constant,

VIcos∅
WC = ( )
Full scale reading of the wattmeter

Tabular column and Calculations:

Power measured
Sl No V I W=VxI using wattmeter
(Volt) (Amp) (Watt) WxWc Watt
1
2
3
4
5
6

Result: The voltage, current, power are measured for a single phase load using relevant
measuring instruments.

22

13
 Ex. 06 Measurement of single phase energy using relevant measuring
instruments in a Single-phase load.

Aim: - To measure energy (kWh) in single phase AC system using singe phase Energy
Meter for the given lamp load.

Materials required:

Sl. No Apparatus Range Quantity

1 Ammeter MI type 0-10A 01
2 Voltmeter MI type 0-300V 01
3 Single phase energy meter 01
4 Single phase Lamp Load - 01
5 DPST Switch 02
6 Stop watch 01
Connecting wires
7 - As per requirements

Circuit Diagram:

Procedure: -

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram.

2. Ensure that all the meter readings are at zero position.

3. Keeping the load switch 𝑆2 open, close the supply switch S1.

4. Apply load in steps of 1 ampere and note down the time taken for 3 revolutions on the
energy meter using stop clock. Also, note down the ammeter and voltmeter readings in the
tabular column.

14
 5. Repeat the same step by increasing the load in steps of 1 amps and at each step note down
the ammeter, voltmeter readings and also the time taken for 3 revolutions.
6. Take 4 to 5 readings. Then reduce the load to zero and open the load switch, 𝑆2 .Then
open the supply switch S1.

7. Tabulate the readings, note down the value of Energy Meter Constant K (marked on
the meter).
8. Calculate the value of energy consumed using energy meter:

No. of revolutions N
E = = ( ) kWh
(Energy meter constant) K

9. Calculate the value of energy consumed using Voltmeter and Ammeter:

VIt
E = kWh
3600
10. Compare both the values of energy consumed

Tabular column and Calculations:

Energy Meter Constant (K) in Rev/kWh =

Sl Voltage(V) Load No. of Time Energy consumed Energy

no. volts current revolutions(N) taken(t) in using energy consumed using
(I) amps seconds. meter Voltmeter and
𝐍 Ammeter
E = ( 𝐊 ) kWh
𝐕𝐈𝐭
E = 𝟑𝟔𝟎𝟎 kWh

Result:

The energy measurement for various load current values for a single-phase AC circuit are
done experimentally.

15
EX. 07 - Wire up and test PVC Conduit wiring to control one lamp from one
place
AIM: To wire up and test PVC Conduit wiring to control one lamp from one place

Materials required:

Sl.no Components Specification Quantity

1. Gang box 1-way, plastic 1 No.

Switch 5A, SP, flush type 1 No.

2.

3. Round block Plastic 1 No.

4. Fuse unit/MCB 5A, SP 1 No.

5. Lamp holder Straight or Angle Batten type 1 No.

Bulb 60 W 1 No.
6.

7. Conduit pipe ¾” P.V.C LS

8. T joint/Junction box ¾” P.V.C / ¾” PVC 3-way 1 No.

9. Saddles Iron LS

Screws Iron LS
10.

11. Wires 1 mm2 Copper LS

Tools used: Hacksaw blade, Poker, Hammer, Screw driver, Cutting pliers, Wire stripper,
Tester.

Circuit diagram:

16
Wiring diagram:

Procedure:

1. Mark the lines on the wooden board as per the working diagram.
2. Cut the PVC pipes to the required length.
3. Fix the PVC pipes on the marked line with their fixtures like: junction box, saddles, round block
etc.
4. Draw the wires through pipes.
5. Fix the switches and fuse unit to the gang boxes after making proper connections.
6. Connect the wiring circuit to the 230V, 50Hz, 1∅ AC supply.
7. Verify the results as per the tabular column.

Tabular column:

Switch Condition Lamp Condition

OFF OFF

ON ON

Result: The PVC conduit wiring is wired up and tested to control one lamp from one place.

17
 Ex. 08 Wire Up and Test PVC Conduit Wiring to Control a Lamp and A
Three Pin Socket
AIM: To wire up and test PVC Conduit wiring to control a lamp and a three pin socket.

Materials required:

Sl.no Components Specification Quantity

1. Gang box 3-way Domestic, plastic 1 No.

2. Switch 5A, SP, flush type 2 Nos.

3. Socket 3 pin 5A, 2 in 1 1 No.

4. Round block plastic 1 No.

5. Lamp holder Straight or Angle Batten type 1 No.

Bulb 60 W 1 No.
6.
Fuse unit/MCB 5A, SP 1 No.
7.

8. Conduit pipe ¾” P.V.C LS

9. Tee ¾” P.V.C 1 No.

10. Saddles Iron LS

11. Screws Iron LS

12. Wires 1 mm2 Copper LS

Tools used: Hacksaw blade, Poker, Hammer, Screw driver, Cutting pliers, Wire stripper,
Tester

Circuit diagram:

18
Wiring diagram:

Tabular column:

Lamp Socket
Switch Condition
Condition Condition

S1 S2 B S

OFF OFF OFF OFF

ON OFF ON OFF

OFF ON OFF ON

ON ON ON ON

Procedure:

1. Mark the lines on the wooden board as per the working diagram.
2. Cut the PVC pipes to the required length.
3. Fix the PVC pipes on the marked line with their fixtures like: junction box, saddles, round block
etc.
4. Draw the wires through pipes.
5. Fix the switches and fuse unit to the gang boxes after making proper connections.
6. Connect the wiring circuit to the 230V, 50Hz, 1∅ AC supply.
7. Verify the results as per the tabular column.

Result: The PVC conduit wiring is wired up and tested to control one lamp and one socket.

19
Ex. 9 Wire Up and test PVC conduit wiring to control one lamp from two
different places using suitable protective devices.
AIM: To wire up and test PVC conduit wiring to control one lamp from two different
places using suitable protective devices.

Materials required:

Sl no. Components Specifications Quantity

1. Gang box 1-way, plastic 2 Nos.

2-way Switch 5A, flush type 2 Nos.

2.
Round block plastic 1 No.
3.

4. Lamp holder Straight or Angle Batten type 1 No.

5. Bulb 60 W 1 No.

Fuse unit/MCB 5A, SP 1 No.

6.

7. Conduit pipe ¾” P.V.C LS

8. Tee ¾” P.V.C 2 Nos.

9. Elbow/Bend ¾” P.V.C 1 No.

Saddles Iron LS
10.

11. Screws Iron LS

12. Wires 1 mm2 Copper LS

Tools used: Hacksaw blade, Poker, Hammer, Screw driver, Cutting pliers, Wire stripper,
Tester
Circuit diagram:

20
 Working diagram:

Procedure:

1. Mark the lines on the wooden board as per the working diagram.
2. Cut the PVC pipes to the required length.
3. Fix the PVC pipes on the marked line with their fixtures like: junction box, saddles, round block
etc.
4. Draw the wires through pipes.
5. Fix the switches and fuse unit to the gang boxes after making proper connections.
6. Connect the wiring circuit to the 230V, 50Hz, 1∅ AC supply.
7. Verify the results as per the tabular column.

Tabular column:

Lamp
Switch Condition
Condition

S1 S2

A A` ON

A B` OFF

B A` OFF

B B` ON

Result: The PVC conduit wiring is wired up and tested to control one lamp from two
different places using suitable protective devices.

21
Ex. 10 Test ICs 7408 and 7400 and Verify the truth-table for AND & NAND
logic gates.

AIM: To test ICs 7408 and 7400 and Verify the truth-table for AND & NAND logic
gates.

Materials required:

Sl.No Apparatus Quantity

Digital IC Trainer
1 01
2 AND Gate IC 7408 01
3 NAND Gate IC 7400 01
4 Patch cords As per requirements

Circuit diagram:

AND gate (7408):

Fig.1 Pin Diagram

Fig.2 Logic Symbol Truth table:

NAND gate (7400):

Fig.1 Pin Diagram

22
 Fig.2 Logic Symbol: Truth table:

Procedure: -

1. The ICs are tested for their correctness using IC tester.

2. Mount the ICs on the IC base properly provided on the trainer kit.
3. Connect pin no. 7 to ground and pin no. 14 to +VCC.
4. Then connect the input pins to inputs switches and output pins to output LED’s.
5. Switch ON the supply to the trainer kit.
6. Apply the possible combination of inputs and observe the outputs.
7. Repeat the above procedure to verify the truth tables of AND & NAND gates.
8. Then switch OFF the supply.

Result: ICs 7408 and 7400 are tested and the truth-table for AND and NAND logic
gates are verified.

23
 Ex. 11 Test ICs 7432 And 7402 And Verify the Truth-Table for OR and
NOR Logic Gates.

AIM: To test ICs 7432 and 7402 and Verify the truth-table for OR and NOR logic gates.

Materials required:

Sl.No Apparatus Quantity

Digital IC Trainer
1 01
2 OR Gate IC 7432 01
3 NOR Gate IC 7402 01
4 Patch cords As per requirements

OR gate (IC 7432):

Pin diagram:
Truth table:
T
Logic symbol:
A
F

NOR gate (IC 7402):

Pin diagram:
Truth table:
Logic symbol:

Procedure: -

1. The IC’s are tested for their correctness using IC tester.

2. Mount the IC’s on the IC base properly provided on the trainer kit.
3. Connect pin no. 7 to ground and pin no. 14 to +VCC.
24
 4. Then connect the input pins to inputs switches and output pins to output LED’s.
5. Switch ON the supply to the trainer kit.
6. Apply the possible combination of inputs and observe the outputs.
7. Repeat the above procedure to verify the truth tables of OR and NOR gates.
8. Then switch OFF the supply.

Result: The ICs 7432 and 7402 are tested and the truth-table for OR and NOR logic gates
are verified.

25
Ex. 12: Test ICs 7404 And 7486 And Verify the Truth-Table For NOT and
XOR Logic Gates.

AIM : To test IC’s 7404 and 7486 and Verify the truth-table for NOT and XOR logic
gates.

Materials required:

Sl.No Apparatus Quantity

Digital IC Trainer
1 01
2 NOT Gate IC 7404 01
3 XOR Gate IC 7486 01
4 Patch cords As per requirements

NOT gate (7404):

Pin Diagram:

Truth table:
Logic symbol:

I F

XOR gate (7486):

Pin diagram:

Truth table:
Logic symbol:
A
F

26
Procedure: -

1. The IC’s are tested for their correctness using IC tester.

2. Mount the IC’s on the IC base properly provided on the trainer kit.
3. Connect pin no. 7 to ground and pin no. 14 to +VCC.
4. Then connect the input pins to inputs switches and output pins to output LED’s.
5. Switch ON the supply to the trainer kit.
6. Apply the possible combination of inputs and observe the outputs.
7. Repeat the above procedure to verify the truth tables of OR and NOR gates.
8. Then switch OFF the supply.

Result: The IC’s 7404 and 7486 are tested and the truth-table for NOT and XOR logic
gates are verified.

27
 Ex.13 Connect the Single- phase transformer as Step-Up, Step-Down
transformer and verify the transformation ratio.
Aim: To connect the Single- phase transformer as Step-Up, Step-Down transformer and
verify the transformation ratio.

Materials required:

Sl No. Equipments Specifications Quantity

1 Single phase transformer 230V / 230V,50 Hz. 1

2 AC voltmeter 0–300 V 2

3 1 Φ dimmerstat 0–300V 1

4 Switch DPST 2

5 Connecting wires Lumpsum

Circuit diagram:

1.Step-up transformer:
Figure (a)

28
2.Step-down transformer:
Figure (b)

Procedure:

1. Connections are made as per the circuit diagram shown in figure (a)
2. Keep the dimmerstat in zero position and ensure that the voltmeter pointers are in zero
position.
3. Switch ON the supply and apply voltage to the primary winding of the transformer.
4. Note down the voltmeter readings V1 and V2 in the tabular column.
5. Switch OFF the supply.
6. Change the tappings on both primary and secondary winding of the transformer as per
figure (b)
7. Repeat the above procedure tabulate the readings and calculate the transformation ratio
using the equation:
𝑉2
K=
𝑉1
Tabular column:

Transformation ratio
SL V2 𝑽𝟐
V1 Volts K= Inference
NO volts 𝑽𝟏

Result: The Single- phase transformer is connected as Step-Up, Step-Down transformer

and the transformation ratio is verified.

29
 Ex.14 Construct a suitable circuit to Start and Reverse the direction of
three phase Induction Motor using DOL starter

Aim: To construct a suitable circuit to start and reverse the direction of three phase
induction motor using DOL starter.
.
Materials required:

Sl NO Materials Required Specification/range Quantity

1 Induction motor 3phase 5 hp 440V 1
2 DOL starter 5 hp 440 V 1 no
3 Digital tachometer 1 no
4 TPST switch 0-60 V 32 A 1 no
5 Connecting wire lumpsum

Circuit diagram:

Procedure: -

1. Note down the name plate details of the 3 phase squirrel cage IM and make the connections
as per the circuit diagram.
2. Close the supply switch and start the motor by pressing the START button of the starter.
3. Measure the speed of the motor using a tachometer and tabulate in the tabular column along
with the direction of rotation of the motor.
4. Switch OFF the motor using STOP button of the starter. Open the main supply switch.
5. To change the direction of rotation of the motor, interchange any two supply terminals and
repeat the steps from 2 to 4.
Tabular column:

Direction of rotation of the motor Speed in RPM

Clockwise direction
Anticlockwise direction

Result: The given 3 phase IM is connected to 3 phase supply started using the DOL starter and the
direction of rotation of the motor is observed.

30