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Arthur Miller was born in New York in 1915. His family was of Austrian
Jewish origin, but the Jewish element doesn't appear to have been
important in his upbringing or environment. The Millers were prosperous
manufactures until they were ruined by the economic crisis which hit
America in 1931. Thereafter, Arthur Miller grew up in poverty; he worked
as an errand-boy in early mornings before going to school where he
didn't distinguish himself (his teachers couldn't remember him later) after
working for two years in an automobile parts warehouse, he had earned
enough to be able to enter the university of Michigan, where he helped to
maintain himself by various jobs working at different types as a waiter, a
factory hand and a lorry driver has given him plenty of experience of
hardships and adversity. He entered the university to study economics
and history, but he also took a course in playwriting, and within a short
time had won three important prizes. After graduating in 1938, he made a
living by writing radio scripts, and he completed a number of "desk
drawer plays". His first Broadway play [The Man Who Had All the Luck
"1944"], ran for only one week; but his next, All My Sons (1947), was very
successful, winning (The New York critics' circle Award). Death of a
salesman (1949) established him as a major dramatist, and The Crucible
(1953) are now acknowledged classics of the modern theatre. Arthur
Miller hasn't been a prolific playwright; his only other plays are an
adaptation of Ibsen's An Enemy of the people, staged in 1950. A Memory
of Two Mondays and a View from the Bridge (1955), incident at Vichy and
after the Fall (1965) and the prize (1968). He has also written a novel focus
(1945) and some short stories, a selection of which are included in I Don't
Need You Any More (1967).

)2(
 American Dream ‫الحلم األمريكى‬
All My Sons is a criticism of the American Dream. Joe Keller, a representative
type who would be considered an ordinary American, has lived through the
depression and despite a lack of education he has been able to own a factory,
which he hopes his son will inherit. However, Keller's quest for money leads to his
responsibility for the death of 21 American pilots.
Keller has apparently achieved the "American Dream" – he lives in a "comfortable"
house despite being an "uneducated man." Miller is emphasizing the hollowness of
the American Dream and that one should think about the consequences of our
actions however, this material comfort which Keller has worked to provide his
family unit is an illusion – his wife is ill, Chris is discontent and Larry has committed
suicide as a result of his father's narrow-minded and reprehensible decision. It is
through the letter from Larry that Keller realizes that he has not only killed one son
but all of his sons, a theme which is reiterated by the title of the play. In conclusion,
the American Dream has become more like an American Nightmare. Chris shows
moral responsibility while his father Joe shows intense family responsibility.

Wartime Profiteering ‫استغالل وقت الحرب‬

Another theme of All My Sons is wartime profiteering. As there were large
contracts when America entered the war on two fronts, the conditions were
created for Arthur Miller described as profiteering on a vast scale. Chris Keller is
particularly angry that his selflessness in fighting in the war is contrasted by the
selfishness of those making money off the war.

Death ‫الموت‬
Death is another key theme in All My Sons. Kate Keller refuses to accept her
son's death. She denies the possibility of his death for a long time. Recognizing
the death of her son would mean that she recognizes that her husband was
responsible. This is an issue that constantly weighs on Kate throughout the work.
The tree is a symbol that represents that Larry is still alive, and when the tree gets
knocked down, Kate still refuses to believe that her son is in danger. When Chris
finds out his father is responsible for killing the 21 pilots, he replies "I was dying
every day and you were killing my boy" – and it is very notable Chris refers to the
pilots as "his boys" and says "I was dying every day"; making them closer to
himself and trying to indicate to the audience the extent of which he feels he has
moral obligation to society.

)3(
All My Sons, a play in three acts, is set in a small town several years after World
War Two, and begins with Jim Bayliss, a doctor, and Joe Keller, head of the Keller
family, sitting in his backyard, reading the paper. A storm the previous night has
shorn in half a tree that is revealed to memorialize Larry Keller, one of two Keller
children—the son who did not survive the war. Chris, the other Keller son and a
junior partner in the family manufacturing business, comes outside and tells his
father, Joe, after Jim leaves, that the family cannot continue convincing Kate, Joe’s
wife, in the belief that Larry is still living. Frank Lubey, another neighbor of the
Keller’s (along with his wife Lydia Lubey), is using astrology to determine if Larry
is alive, and he brings this information to Kate later in the play, but for the most
part, Chris believes that all in the town have come to the same conclusion: that,
after three years, Larry will not be returning to the small town, that Larry’s plane
crash in the war was fatal.
‫ وتبدأ بجٌم‬،‫ تدورأحداثها فً بلدة صغٌرة بعد عدة سنوات من الحرب العالمٌة الثانٌة‬،‫ مسرحٌة من ثالثة فصول‬،ً‫جمٌع أبنائ‬
‫ أدت عاصفة فً اللٌلة السابقة إلً شق‬.‫ ٌقرأ الصحٌفة‬،‫ ٌجلس فً فناء منزله‬،‫ رب أسرة كٌلر‬،‫ وجو كٌلر‬،‫ وهو طبٌب‬،‫باٌلٌس‬
.‫ االبن الذي لم ٌنجو من الحرب‬- ‫ واحد من طفلً كٌلر‬،‫ كانت هذه الشجرة ترمز إلحٌاء ذكرى الري كٌلر‬.‫شجرة إلً نصفٌن‬
‫ أن األسرة ال‬،‫ بعد مغادرة جٌم‬،‫ جو‬،‫ ٌأتً لٌخبر والده‬،‫ االبن اآلخر لــ كٌلروشرٌك صغٌر فً األعمال التجارٌة للتصنٌع‬،‫كرٌس‬
‫ جار آخر من جٌران كٌلر (جنبا‬، ً‫ فرانك لوب‬.‫ فً االعتقاد بأن الري ال ٌزال حًٌا‬،‫ زوجة جو‬،‫ٌمكن أن تستمر فً اقناع كٌت‬
‫ وٌجلب هذه المعلومات إلى كٌت‬، ‫إلى جنب مع زوجته لٌدٌا لوبً) ٌستخدم علم التنجٌم لتحدٌد ما إذا كان الري على قٌد الحٌاة‬
:‫ كرٌس ٌعتقد أن جمٌع من فً المدٌنة قد وصلوا إلى نفس االستنتاج‬،‫ ولكن بالنسبة للجزء األكبر‬،‫فً وقت الحق فً المسرحٌة‬
.ً‫ ألن تحطم طائرة الري فً الحرب كان قاتال‬،‫ الري لن ٌعود إلى البلدة الصغٌرة‬،‫أنه بعد ثالث سنوات‬

Chris also tells his father that Annie, Larry’s former girlfriend who is visiting the
Keller’s from New York, is there because Chris intends to propose marriage to her.
Joe has no real problem with the idea in itself, but Joe fears that Kate will not
permit it, since Ann is “Larry’s girl,” and to give Ann to Chris would mean that
Larry is really dead. Kate comes outside, as does Ann, and a series of strained
conversations ensue, in which Chris attempts to demonstrate his affection for Ann,
and Kate tries to emphasize that Larry is not dead and Ann is not “Chris’s girl.”
Slowly, throughout the first act, it is revealed that Annie’s father, Steve, was a
former employee of Joe’s at the manufacturing company during the war, and that
Steve apparently OK’d the production of faulty plane parts, which were shipped to
American planes, and which caused the death of 21 pilots in plane crashes. Steve
went to jail for his negligence, but Joe was released, arguing in court that Steve
acted alone, and that Joe did not force him to ship the defective parts.
‫ هناك ألن كرٌس ٌعتزم التقدم‬،‫ صدٌقة الري السابقة التً تزور عائلة كٌلر من نٌوٌورك‬،)‫ٌخبر كرٌس أٌضا والده أن (آن‬
‫ ألن (آن) هً "فتاة‬،‫ ولكن جو ٌخشى أن كٌت لن تسمح بذلك‬، ‫ جو لٌس لدٌه مشكلة حقٌقٌة مع الفكرة فً حد ذاتها‬.‫للزواج منها‬
‫ وتدور سلسلة من المحادثات المتوترة‬،)‫ وكذلك تفعل (آن‬،‫ تخرج كٌت‬.‫ وإعطاء (آن) لكرٌس ٌعنً أن الري مٌت حقا‬،"‫الري‬

)4(
‫ وكٌت تحاول التأكٌد على أن الري لم ٌمت وأن (آن) لٌست "فتاة‬،)‫ أن ٌحاول كرٌس إظهار عاطفته لـ (آن‬،‫ٌترتب على ذلك‬
‫ وأن ستٌف‬،‫ كان موظفا لدى جو فً شركة التصنٌع خالل الحرب‬، ‫ ستٌف‬،)‫ نكتشف أن والد (آن‬،‫ طوال الفصل األول‬."‫كرٌس‬
ً‫ طٌارا ف‬12 ‫ والتً تسببت فً وفاة‬،‫ والتً تم شحنها إلى الطائرات األمرٌكٌة‬،‫موافق على ما ٌبدو إنتاج أجزاء الطائرة المعٌبة‬
‫ وأن‬،‫ بحجة فً المحكمة أن ستٌف تصرف وحده‬،‫ ولكن تم إطالق سراح جو‬،‫ ذهب ستٌف إلى السجن إلهماله‬.‫حوادث الطائرات‬
.‫جو لم ٌجبره على شحن األجزاء المعٌبة‬
Joe and Kate worry that Ann has come to stir up trouble in the Keller family
regarding Joe’s guilt in the manufacturing affair, and this, too, complicates the
possibility of Chris and Annie’s wedding. Chris also tells Ann that he has a hard
time navigating the moral complexities of post-war life, and he relates a story from
the war, in which a soldier gave him his last pair of dry socks, as an indication of
the moral simplicity of battle.
‫ ٌعقد‬،‫ أٌضا‬،‫ وهذا‬،‫ٌنتاب القلق جو وكٌت أن (آن) قد أتت إلثارة المتاعب فً عائلة كٌلر بشأن ذنب جو فً مجال التصنٌع‬
،‫ ٌخبر كرٌس أٌضا (آن) أن لدٌه صعوبة فً اجتٌاز التعقٌدات األخالقٌة للحٌاة ما بعد الحرب‬.)‫إمكانٌة حفل زفاف كرٌس و(آن‬
‫ كإشارة إلً البساطة األخالقٌة‬،‫ التً فٌها ٌقدم له جندي آخر زوج من الجوارب الجافة‬،‫وانه ٌقص فٌها قصة من الحرب‬
.‫للمعركة‬

George, Ann’s brother, calls long-distance, from Columbus, where Steve is

imprisoned, saying he, too, is going to visit the Keller home that evening. Ann
worries that George is coming with revelations about the Joe-Steve manufacturing
affair, and Kate tells Joe to prepare himself for George’s questioning. George
arrives, in a huff, and though Jim and Chris attempt to calm him, George accuses
Joe of knowingly inducing Steve to “take the fall” for the manufacturing failures.
George believes Steve’s story, that Joe himself told Steve over the phone to
shellac over the defective parts. George believes that Joe feigned sickness that
evening to keep from going into the plant, thus retaining distance from the events,
which enabled Joe to place the blame entirely on Steve. Joe denies these
accusations to George, who leaves the house, but as Ann runs after him, Joe
announces to Chris, and in front of Kate, that in fact George’s story is true.
‫ سوف ٌذهب الى زٌارة‬،‫ أٌضا‬،‫ قائال انه‬،‫ حٌث ٌتم سجن ستٌف‬،‫ من كولومبوس‬،‫ من مسافة طوٌلة‬،)‫ شقٌق (آن‬،‫ٌتصل جورج‬
‫ وكٌت تخبر جو إلعداد نفسه‬،‫ )آن) تقلق من أن جورج قادم للكشف عن قضٌة التصنٌع لجو ستٌف‬.‫منزل كٌلر فً ذلك المساء‬
‫ إال أن جورج ٌتهم جو عن‬،‫ وعلى الرغم من أن جٌم وكرٌس ٌحاوالن تهدئته‬،‫ فً غضب‬، ‫ ٌصل جورج‬.‫الستجواب جورج‬
‫ أن جو نفسه أخبر ستٌف عبر الهاتف عن طالئه لألجزاء‬،‫ ٌصدق جورج قصة ستٌف‬.‫مسئولٌته عن "هذا الخطأ " لفشل التصنٌع‬
‫ وبالتالً الحفاظ على مسافة من‬،‫ جورج ٌعتقد أن جو تظاهر المرض فً ذلك المساء لكً ال ٌذهب إلً المصنع‬.‫المعٌبة‬
)‫ وبٌنما (آن‬،‫ الذي ٌترك المنزل‬،‫ جو ٌنفً هذه االتهامات لجورج‬.‫ وال تً مكنت جو لوضع اللوم تماما على ستٌف‬،‫األحداث‬
.‫ أنه فً الواقع أن قصة جورج حقٌقٌة‬،‫ وأمام كٌت‬،‫ جو ٌعلن لكرٌس‬،‫تركض وراءه‬

Chris is aghast, not just that this father produced the defective parts, but that Joe
lied to put Steve in jail, and proceeded to make a fortune from the factory in the
post-war boom. Chris feels complicit in his father’s immorality, and goes for a drive
that evening, while Joe and Kate weep on the house’s back porch.
‫ وشرع فً تكوٌن ثروة‬،‫ ولكن ألن جو كذب لوضع ستٌف فً السجن‬،‫ لٌس فقط ألن والده أنتج أجزاء معٌبة‬،‫جدا‬ ً ‫كرٌس هائج‬
،‫ وٌذهب فى جولة بالسٌارة فً ذلك المساء‬،‫ ٌشعر كرٌس بالتواطؤ فً فساد والده‬.‫من المصنع فً فترة اإلزدهارما بعد الحرب‬
.‫فً حٌن أن جو وكٌت ٌبكٌان فً الشرفة الخلفٌة للمنزل‬

)5(
1- Dr. Jim Bayliss:
 Jim is an old friend and neighbor of Joe Keller, A physician. He is nearly forty
years old. He is described as having a "wry humor" tinged with sadness. It
became obvious that he always esteemed a dream of doing medical research,
but turned his back on it to make money in order to satisfy his wife, Sue. After
the exposure of Joe's crime, Chris drives off in disgust, but Jim comforts Kate
by telling her that he will compromise and return, as he himself compromised.
He recounts how he once went to New Orleans to do medical research, but his
wife "came, and she cried." He went back home with her and focused on
making money for her and the family, as she wanted. But he paid a heavy
price: "and now I live in the usual darkness; I can't find myself; it's even hard
sometimes to remember the kind of man I wanted to be".
2- Sue Bayliss:
 Sue is Dr. Jim Bayliss' wife. A bitter, avaricious, woman, she was instrumental
in persuading her husband not to pursue his dream of doing medical research
and their family instead. Her first act is to try to persuade her husband to visit a
patient who is not sick and thereby charge him a fee.
3- Bert:
 Bert is a young boy who lives near the Kellers and who likes to play "jail" in
Joe's yard. This is a symbolic reminder of the fact that Joe has falsely lay the
blame on Steve Deever, who has spent years in jail as a result.
4- Ann Deever:
 Ann Deever is the twenty-six-year-old daughter of Steve Deever, Joe Keller's
manager at the factory at the time the faulty cylinder heads were shipped out.
She was engaged to marry Larry Keller when he dies, but since then, has been
courted by Larry's brother Chris.
Ann is described as beautiful, good, and intelligent. She has in her possession
a letter that Larry wrote to her before he committed suicide, in which he
explains that he cannot live with the knowledge that his father was responsible
for having caused so many men's deaths. She has never revealed the contents
of this letter, but brings it with her when she arrives at the Keller's home as she
intends to show it to Chris before marrying him. Ann therefore knows that Larry
is dead and knows that she is free to marry Chris. However, she is hesitant
about revealing the truth about Larry to Kate, out of consideration for Kate's
feeling. Ann's role in the play is that of a truth-teller.

)6(
5- George Deever:
 George, is Ann's older brother: a successful New York lawyer and veteran, and
a childhood friend of Chris.
He initially believed in his father's guilt, but upon visiting Steve in jail, realizes
his innocence and becomes enraged at the Kellers for deceiving him. He
returned to save his sister from her marriage to Chris, creating the catalyst that
destroys the Keller family.
6- Chris Keller:
 Chris is Joe and Kate Keller's surviving son and Larry's brother aged thirty-two,
he is described as "A man capable of immense affection and loyalty" (stage
direction, Act One). Chris has fallen in love with Larry's former fiancée, Ann
Deever, and has invited her to his family home in order to propose marriage to
her. Unlike his mother Kate, Chris accepts that Larry is dead, so he feels
comfortable with the ideas of marrying his brother's ex-girlfriend. Chris's wish
to marry Ann makes him determined to confront Kate with the truth about
Larry. Chris a major truth-teller in the play, and is supported in this role by Ann.
In Act Two, Ann says to him, "whenever I need someone to tell me the truth
I've always thought of Chris." Jim says of Joe's secret, in conversation with
Kate: "Chris would never know how to live with a thing like that. It takes a
certain talent… for lying. You have it, and I do, but not him" (Act Three). Not
everyone values Chris influence. Sue Bayliss wants Ann and Chris to live
somewhere else after they marry, as Chris's idealism makes Jim feel unhappy
around him: "Chris makes people want to be better than it's possible to be."
Sue worries that Jim will decide to give up making money for his family and do
research. However, Chris's relationship with the truth is not as clear as these
characters think. When Chris is eventually confronted with the truth about Joe's
crime, he drives off in horror. But Jim is convinced that Chris will end up
compromising his standards, as most people do (Act Three): "he'll come back.
We all come back…. These private little revolutions always die. The
compromise is always made. Jim implies that Chris will continue to take a
salary from the family firm, albeit that the money is tainted with the blood of the
dead airmen.
7- Joe Keller:
 Joe Keller, the play's hero, is the husband of Kate and the father of Larry and
Chris. He is described as having "the imprint of the machine-shop worker and
boss still upon him… when he reads, when he speaks, when he listens, it is
with the terrible concentration of the uneducated man for whom there is still
wonder in many commonly known things" (stage direction, Act One). Four
years before the action of All My Sons begins, in the fall of 1943 during
World War II, Joe committed the crime that drives the plot. He knowingly sent
out faulty cylinder heads that resulted in the deaths of twenty-one pilots, and

)7(
 blamed the incident on his deputy manager, Steve Deever. Steve was
imprisoned, while Joe escaped by lying about his own part in the affair.
Joe is not a bad man: as he himself says, he is no better and no worse than
many people. As such, he stands as an everyman figure with whom the
audience can identify, a poorly educated man who succeeded because he had
a talent for making money.
8- Kate Keller:
 Kate Keller, called "Mother" in the play, is the wife of Joe Keller and the mother
of Larry and Chris. She is described as being in her early fifties and as having
"an overwhelming capacity-for love." Her life is dominated by her refusal to
admit that her beloved Larry is dead. She knows the truth about the faulty
cylinder heads incident, but supports Joe in his deception that he is innocent.
Kate in turn is supported by Joe in her self-illusion that one day Larry will
return. To admit that Larry is dead would be to open up the terrible possibility
that he was killed by his father's action in allowing the cracked cylinder heads
to be shipped out. This is a possibility that Kate could not bear, and so she
attempts to shut it out through her self-deception.
9- Frank Lubey:
 Frank, 32, was always one year ahead of the draft, so he never served in World
War II, instead staying home to marry George's former sweetheart, Lydia. He
draws up Larry's horoscope and tells Kate that Larry must still be alive,
because the day he died we meant to be his "favourite day." this strengthens
Kate's faith and makes it much harder for Ann to reveal the letter to her.
10- Lydia Lubey:
 Lydia, 27, was George's love interest before the war; after he went away, she
married Frank and they quickly had three children. She is a model of peaceful
domesticity and lends a much-needed cheerful air to several moments of the
play.

1- Larry Keller:
 He has an effect in the play through his mother's insistence that he is still alive
and his brother's love for his childhood girlfriend. At the end of the play, Ann
reveals a letter written by Larry pronouncing him committing suicide out of
shame for what his father did.
2- Steve Deever:
 George and Ann's father, Steve is sent to prison for the shipping of faulty
parts – a crime which he and the successfully exonerated Keller committed.

)8(
 arbour ‫حدٌقة‬ a book collector ‫جامع الكتب‬ pain ‫ألم‬
tobacco ‫تبغ‬ make a living ‫ٌكسب معٌشته‬ annoy ‫ٌزعج‬
disaster ‫كارثة‬ blow it down ‫تعصف بها الرٌاح‬ parsley ‫بقدونس‬
section ‫ قطاع‬/ ‫جزء‬ what a pity ‫ٌالها من شفقة‬ toaster ‫ محمصة‬/ ‫توستر‬
laboratory ‫معمل‬ oppose ‫ ٌعارض‬/ ‫ٌعترض‬ oral ‫شفوى‬
fellow ‫رفٌق‬ over my dead body ‫على جثتى‬ appoint ‫ٌعٌن‬
rare ‫نادر‬ advertisements ‫إعالنات‬ jail ‫ سجن‬/ ‫زنزانة‬
kinds ‫أنواع‬ out of his mind ‫فقد عقله‬ basement ‫بدروم‬
newly born ‫مولود حدٌث‬ a social reformer ‫مصلح إجتماعى‬ reduce ‫ٌقلل‬
wanted ‫مطلوب‬ plug in ‫ٌوصل بالكهرباء‬ whisper ‫ٌهمس‬
forester ‫خبٌر فً الغابات‬ get married ‫ٌتزوج‬ rank ‫مرتبة‬
damage ‫تلف‬ mourn ‫حداد‬ marriage ‫زواج‬
horoscope ‫علم األبراج‬ embarrassed ‫ متحٌر‬/ ‫محرج‬ crack ‫ٌشرخ‬
assume ‫ٌفترض‬ come out ‫ٌظهر‬ tough ‫ قاسى‬/ ‫صلب‬
find out ‫ٌكتشف‬ stool ‫كرسى بدون ظهر‬ prove ‫ٌثبت‬
fortunate ‫محظوظ‬ go away ‫ٌذهب بعٌدا‬ argue ‫ٌجادل‬
fool ‫أحمق‬ tiptoe ‫ٌمشى على أطراف أصابعه‬ missing ‫مفقود‬
thermometer ‫ترمومتر‬ detective ‫ مخبر‬/ ‫محقق‬ talent ‫موهبة‬
humanity ‫البشرٌة‬ cellar windows ‫شبابٌك البدروم‬ ignore ‫ٌتجاهل‬
heal ‫ ٌعالج‬/ ‫ٌلتئم الجروح‬ honor ‫ تكرٌم‬/ ‫شرف‬ suffer ‫ٌعانى‬
skinny ‫نحٌف‬ dishonest ‫غٌر آمٌن‬ settle ‫ٌسوى‬
recognize ‫ٌتعرف على‬ madness ‫جنون‬ avoid ‫ٌتجنب‬
sniff ‫ٌشمشم‬ point of view ‫وجهة نظر‬ pronounce ‫ٌنطق‬
perfume ‫عطر‬ considerate ‫مراع لمشاعر اآلخرٌن‬ inspire ‫ٌلهم‬
bring up ‫ٌربى‬ favorable day ‫ ٌوم الحظ‬/ ‫الٌوم المفضل‬

Act One
The play opens on a Sunday morning in August and it is set in the back yard of the
Keller home, located on the outskirts of an unidentified American town, a couple of
years after the end of World War II. Joe Keller, who has been reading classified ads
in a newspaper, banters pleasantly with his neighbors, Dr. Jim Bayliss and Frank
Lubey. He explains that the tree had split in half during the night.

)9(
‫ الواقع على مشارؾ بلدة أمرٌكٌة مجهولة‬، ‫ وتقع فً الفناء الخلفً لمنزل كٌلر‬، ‫تبدأ المسرحٌة صباح ٌوم األحد فً أؼسطس‬
‫ كان‬، ‫ الذي كان ٌقرأ اإلعالنات المبوبة فً إحدى الصحؾ‬، ‫ جو كٌلر‬.‫ بعد عامٌن من نهاٌة الحرب العالمٌة الثانٌة‬، ‫الهوٌة‬
.‫ وٌوضح أن الشجرة قد انقسمت إلى نصفٌن خالل اللٌل‬.ً‫ الدكتور جٌم باٌلٌس وفرانك لوب‬، ‫ٌمزح مع جٌرانه‬
It is a source of some concern, for the tree is a memorial for Joe’s son, Larry, and
its destruction might upset Joe’s wife, Kate. Frank refers to it as Larry’s tree and
notes that August is Larry’s birth month. He plans to cast Larry’s horoscope, to
see if the date on which he was reported missing in action was a favorable or
unfavorable day for him.
‫ ٌشٌر‬.‫ كٌت‬، ‫ وقد ٌؤدي تدمٌرها إلى إزعاج زوجة جو‬، ‫ الري‬، ‫ ألن الشجرة هً نصب تذكاري البن جو‬، ‫إنها مصدر قلق‬
‫ لمعرفة ما إذا‬، ‫ ٌخطط لقراءة طالع برج الري‬.‫فرانك إلٌها على أنها شجرة الري وٌالحظ أن أؼسطس هو شهر مٌالد الري‬
ً
.‫مفضال أو ؼٌر مفضل بالنسبة له‬ ‫كان التارٌخ الذي تم اإلبالغ عنه فً عداد المفقودٌن فً الحرب كان ٌومًا‬
The men ask about the Kellers’ visitor, Ann, the daughter of Joe’s former partner,
Steve Deever, who once lived in the house now owned by the Baylisses. Sue, Jim’s
wife, arrives and sends Jim home to talk on the phone with a patient. She is
followed by Frank’s wife, Lydia, who reports a problem with a toaster.
‫ الذي عاش ذات مرة فً المنزل المملوك اآلن‬،‫ ستٌؾ دٌٌفر‬، ‫ ابنة شرٌك جو كٌلر السابق‬،‫ٌسأل الرجال عن زٌارة آن لكٌلر‬
‫ تتبعها زوجة‬.‫ وترسل فى طلب جٌم إلى المنزل للتحدث عبر الهاتؾ مع أحد المرضى‬، ‫ زوجة جٌم‬،‫ألسرة بٌلٌس تصل سو‬
.‫ التً تبلػ عن مشكلة فً المحمصة‬، ‫ لٌدٌا‬، ‫فرانك‬
Joe’s son, Chris, comes from the house, and a neighborhood boy, Bert, darts into
the yard. Joe amuses Bert in a role-playing game in which Bert is learning to be a
police deputy under Joe’s authority. He has shown Bert a gun and they pretend
that the basement of the house is actually a jail.
‫ وٌتسلى جو وبرت فى لعبة تبادل األدوار‬.‫ٌخرج كرٌس أبن جو من المنزل وٌندفع برت وهو صبى ٌقطن بالجوار إلى الفناء‬
‫ وقد أعطى جو برت مسدسً ا وتظاهرا بأن البدروم مكان‬.‫والتى ٌتعلم فٌها برت أن ٌكون كضابط شرطة تحت سلطه جو كٌلر‬
.‫للسجن‬
After the others leave, Joe and Chris talk about the tree and the fact that Kate was
outside when it fell. She has never stopped hoping that Larry will return, still alive.
Her failure to accept his death is a major obstacle for Chris, who hopes to marry
Ann. Kate can only think of Ann as Larry’s girl, and she cannot accept a marriage
of Chris and Ann without first accepting her son’s death. Chris’s proposed
solution, much to his father’s chagrin, is to leave the Keller home and business
unless his father helps him make Kate accept Larry’s death.
‫ لم تتوقؾ أب ًدا عن أملها‬.‫ ٌتحدث جو وكرٌس عن الشجرة وحقٌقة أن كٌت كانت بالخارج عندما سقطت‬، ‫بعد مؽادرة اآلخرٌن‬
‫ الذي ٌأمل فً الزواج من‬، ‫ فالقبول بوفاة الرى ٌقؾ عقبة رئٌسٌة أمام كرٌس‬.‫ أو أنه ال ٌزال على قٌد الحٌاة‬، ‫فً عودة الري‬
‫ الحل الذي اقترحه‬.ً‫ وال ٌمكنها قبول زواج كرٌس وآن دون قبول وفاة ابنها أوال‬، ‫ ٌمكن أن تفكر فقط كٌت فً آن كفتاة الري‬.‫آن‬
.‫ هو ترك منزل كٌلر وعمله ما لم ٌساعده والده فً جعل كٌت تقبل وفاة الري‬، ‫ وهو أمر ٌثٌر قلق والده‬، ‫كرٌس‬
Kate enters and muses over the significance of the fallen tree and Ann’s arrival.
She also speaks of a dream in which she saw Larry and expresses her belief that
the memorial tree should never have been planted. Chris talks of trying to forget
Larry. She sends him off to get an aspirin, then tries to wring from Joe an
explanation for Ann’s visit. She also discloses that if she were to lose faith in her
belief that Larry was alive, she would kill herself.

)10(
‫ كما تتحدث عن حلم رأت فٌه الري وتعرب عن اعتقادها بأنه لم ٌكن‬.‫تدخل كٌت وتتأمل فً أهمٌة الشجرة الساقطة ووصول آن‬
‫ ثم تحاول‬، ‫ ترسله لٌجلب أسبرٌن‬.‫ ٌتحدث كرٌس عن محاولة نسٌان الري‬.‫من المفترض أن تزرع شجرة النصب التذكاري‬
.‫ فإنها ستقتل نفسها‬، ‫ كما تكشؾ أنها إذا فقدت الثقة فً اعتقادها بأن الري كان على قٌد الحٌاة‬.‫انتزاع من جو شرحً ا لزٌارة آن‬

● Joe suggested that Chris should not propose to Ann on the grounds that she is,
in Kate's eye, "Larry's girl."
● Chris is prepared to leave town (and the family business) if Kate will not
accept his marriage to Ann.
 Chris told his father that he was going to marry Ann.
 He asked his father to help him and tell this news to his mother.
 Chris knew that his mother would never accept such marriage because Ann
was Larry's girl and she believes that he is still alive.
 Keller told him that his mother would never accept this marriage because she
thinks that Larry is still alive and she is waiting for him to come back.
 Keller was astonished to find that Frank remembers Larry's birthday.
 Frank is making a retroactive horoscope for Larry, which is why he remembers
his birthday.
 Frank therefore feeds Kate Keller's delusion that Larry is alive.
 Frank said that if Larry was missing on his luck day, he must be alive because
nothing bad happens to a person on his luck day.
 Chris wanted his father to help him to make Kate believe that Larry died and so
she can agree to his marriage of Ann.
 Chris and Keller were talking about the broken tree.
 The tree was a symbol of Larry's life.
 Joe was worried that Kate may be shocked when she sees the tree. Chris told
him that she had already seen it.
 Chris told Keller when that the tree cracked, Kate ran to the kitchen and cried
hard.
 Chris threatened Keller to leave the house if they refused to let him marry Ann.
He talked about his dream to have a family not to make money.
 Chris blamed his father because he let his mother go on thinking that Larry is
alive.

)11(
1- “I don't know why it is, but every time I reach out for something I want,
I have to pull back because other people will suffer, my whole bloody
life, time after time after time.”
 Chris said this to Joe when Joe suggested that Chris should not propose to Ann on
the grounds that she is, in Kate's eye, "Larry's girl." Chris determined not to back
off because of what his mother might think is a sign that the two are on a collision
course and that the days of allowing Kate to sustain her delusion of Larry's being
alive are over.
2- “All right, but… but don't think like that. Because what the hell did I work
for? That's only for you. Chris, the whole shooting-match is for you!”
 Joe says this to Chris when Chris says he is prepared to leave town (and the
family business) if Kate will not accept his marriage to Ann. Joe is horrified, as he
has with the aim of passing it on to his sons. To hear that Chris is ready to walk
away from the business is to have the entire basis of his undermined.
3- “She thinks he's coming back. You marry that girl and you're
pronouncing him dead. Now what's going to happen to Mother? Do
you know? I don't.”
 These words were said by Joe Keller to Chris when he told him that he was
going to marry Ann. He asked his father to help him and tell this news to his
mother. Chris knew that his mother would never accept such marriage because
Ann was Larry's girl and she believes that he is still alive. Joe needs Kate's
support in the case that is why he didn't want to contradict her.
4- “We've made a terrible mistake with Mother… being dishonest with
her. That kind of thing always pays off, and now it's paying off.”
 Chris said these words to Joe Keller. He wanted to marry Ann but his father told
him that his mother would never accept this marriage because she thinks that
Larry is still alive and she is waiting for him to come back. This is a small
foreshadowing of the moral positions of both Joe and Chris here. Chris
acknowledges reality but does nothing to address it; Joe pretends it doesn’t.
5- “Larry was born in August. He'd been twenty-seven this month. And
his tree blows down.”
 Frank said this sentence to Joe Keller, Keller was astonished to find that Frank
remembers Larry's birthday. Frank is making a retroactive horoscope for Larry,
which is why he remembers his birthday. A strong believer in astrology, he
works out from Larry's astrological chart that Larry could have died on the day
he disappeared because it was a favorable day for him. Frank therefore feeds
Kate Keller's delusion that Larry is alive.

)12(
6- “If November twenty fifth was his favorable day, then it's completely
possible that he is alive somewhere.”
 Frank said this to Joe Keller when he was explaining his theory of Larry's
horoscope. He said that if Larry was missing on his luck day, he must be alive
because nothing bad happens to a person on his luck day.
7- “It's time she realised that nobody believes Larry is alive anymore.”
 This was said by Chris to his father. Chris said that they were mistaken because
they didn't tell his mother that Larry wouldn't come back. As a result she
believed that Larry was alive. Chris wanted his father to help him to make Kate
believe that Larry died and so she can agree to his marriage of Ann.
8- “She was out here when it broke. About four this morning. I heard it
cracking and I woke up and looked out. She was standing right here
when it cracked.”
 Chris said this to Joe Keller when they were talking about the broken tree. That
tree was a symbol of Larry's life. Joe was worried that Kate may be shocked
when she sees the tree. Chris told him that she had already seen it.
9- “I don't know, when it cracked she ran back into house and cried in
the kitchen.”
 Chris said that to Keller when the tree cracked. Kate ran to the kitchen and cried
hard.
10- “The trouble is the Goddam newspapers. Every month some boys
turn up from nowhere.”
 Keller said that to Chris when he read that some boys were lost and then came
back.
11- “I am going to ask her to marry me.”
 Chris said that to Keller because he wanted to marry Ann.
12- “How do you know she'll marry you?”
 Keller said that to Chris when he told him that he wanted to marry Ann.
13- “I'll get out. I'll get married and live someplace else may be in New York.”
Or I want a family, I want some kids, I want to build somethings.”
 Chris said that to Keller as he threatened him to leave the house if they refused
to let him marry Ann. He talked about his dream to have a family not to make
money.

1- What is the horoscope? What is meant by a favourable day?

‫ماهى خرٌطة األبراج وماذا ٌعنى الٌوم المفضل؟‬
- The horoscope means to know the future through stars and a favourable day is
the luck day for a person that is impossible to die on it.

)13(
 2- Who was Mr. Frank? What was his job? ‫من هو السٌد فرانك وماهى وظٌفته؟‬
- Mr. Frank was Keller's friend and he was working on horoscope.
3- What was Keller's opinion of newspapers? And what was he interested
in them? ‫ماهو رأى كٌلر فً الجرائد؟ وما الشٌئ الذى كان مهتما به فً الجرائد؟‬
- Keller thought the newspapers are trivial and they talk about useless and
unimportant things and he was interested in reading the advertisements.
4- What does the broken tree signify in the play?
Or What is the significance of the blown down tree?
‫إلً أي شئ تشٌر الشجرة المكسورة فً المسرحٌة؟‬
- Kate planted it to represent Larry and the flourishing and growth of the tree gave
her a sense of comfort and ease that Larry is still alive. However, when a storm
blows, the tree fell down. Kate sees it as a bad omen. She believes that
something bad was about to occur so she ran to the kitchen and cries.
5- What was the real reason behind Chris' invitation to Ann?
‫ماهو السبب الحقٌقى وراء دعوة كرٌس لــ آن؟‬
- Chris invited Ann over his house with the intention of proposing to her. He wants
to marry her but he knew that his mother might object to that marriage.
6- What role did Chris want his father to play in his plans?
‫ما الدور الذى أراد كرٌس أن ٌلعبه والده فً خططه؟‬
- He wanted Joe to convince Kate to bless his marriage to the girl he loves.
7- How did Chris Convince his father to participate in accepting
his marriage? ‫كٌف أقنع كرٌس والده أن ٌشارك فً الموافقة على زواجه؟‬
- By threatening Joe to leave home and abandon Joe's business and settle
somewhere else where he would work and marry Ann.
8- What was Keller's behavior like once he got back home after being
exonerated? ‫ماهو سلوك كٌلر عندما عاد إلى المنزل بعد أن تم اطالق سراحه؟‬
- He walked in the street very proudly as he had a court paper which proved that
he was innocent.
9- How did Dr. Bayliss feel about his profession?
‫كٌف كان ٌشعر دكتور بٌلٌس تجاه وظٌفته؟‬
- Dr. Jim Bayliss was not happy with his profession as a doctor as he wants to be
a medical researcher.
10- Was he happy with his wife? Why/Why not?
‫ لم ال؟‬/ ‫هل كان الدكتور بالٌس سعٌدا مع زوجته؟ لماذا‬
- It was apparent that Dr. Bayliss was not happy with his wife because she wants
him to make money.
11- What game did Mr. Keller play with Bert?
‫ماهى اللعبة التً كان ٌلعبها مستر كٌلر مع بٌرت؟‬
- Mr. Keller loved playing MAKE-BELIEVE with Bert who worked as a policeman
who reported all activity in the neighborhood to Joe.

)14(
 12- How did Kate feel about it? ‫كٌف كان شعور كٌت بخصوص اللعبة؟‬
- Kate hated this game and wanted her husband to stop playing this game with
Bert.
13- Chris showed feelings of shame since he came back from the war. Explain?
.‫ فسر ذلك‬.‫أظهر كرٌس الشعور بالخزى منذ أن عاد من الحرب‬
- He found out that his friends who died at the war are considered nothing in
people's eyes. So, he wanted to die in the war so he was ashamed to be alive.
14- Why did Chris blame his father? ‫لماذا كان كرٌس ٌلوم والده؟‬
- Because his father was dishonest with Kate and he let her go on thinking that
Larry is alive.
15- When was Larry born? When was he lost? ‫متى ولد الرى ومتى فقد؟‬
th
- Larry was born in August and he was lost on 25 November.

A) Comment on the following quotations:

1- "We've made a terrible mistake with mother…being dishonest with her."
……………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………
2- "If November 25th was his favorable day. Then it is completely possible that he
is alive somewhere."
……………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………
3- "She was out here when it broke. About four this morning. I heard it cracking
and I woke up and looked out."
……………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………
4- "She thinks he is coming back. You marry that girl and you're pronouncing him
dead."
……………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………

B) Answer the following questions:

1- What is the horoscope? What is meant by a favorable day?
……………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………
2- What was the real reason behind Chris invitation to Ann?
……………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………
3- How did Dr. Bayliss feel about his profession?
……………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………
4- What was the significance of the blown down tree?
……………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………
5- What was Chris ashamed of?
……………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………
6- Why did Chris blame his father?
……………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………

)15(
 sink ‫حوض‬ do a favour ‫ يعمل معروف‬squeeze ‫يعصر‬
dustbin ‫سلة القمامة‬ complain about ‫ يشكو من‬gossip ‫نميمة‬
garbage ‫القمامة‬ baseball gloves ‫ جوانتى البيسبول‬divorce ‫طالق‬
maid ‫خادمة‬ memorial ‫ نصب لتخليد ذكرى‬honest ‫أمين‬
day off ‫يوم أجازة‬ gain weight ‫ يزداد في الوزن‬silly ‫سخيف‬
pain ‫ألم‬ grown up ‫ بالػ‬/‫ كبير‬bet ‫يراهن‬
cellar ‫بدروم‬ neighbourhood ‫ منطقة سكنية‬degree ‫شهادة علمية‬
faithful ‫مخلص‬ cracked cylinder ‫ أسطوانة مشروخة‬execute ‫ُيعدم‬
mourning ‫حداد‬ army air forces ‫ القوات المسلحة الجوية‬case ‫قضية‬
roar ‫ضجيج‬ court paper ‫ قرار المحكمة‬murderer ‫قاتل‬
bury ‫يدفن‬ a respected man ‫ رجل محترم‬gang ‫عصابة‬
vanish ‫يختفى‬ ship out ‫ يشحن‬sensitive ‫حساس‬
foolish ‫أحمق‬ major ‫ رائد في الجيش‬arbour ‫شجرة‬
argue for ‫يجادل‬ production ‫ إنتاج‬innocent ‫برئ‬
nonsense ‫كالم فارغ‬ old fashioned ‫ موضة قديمة‬beast ‫وحش‬
arrest ‫يقبض‬ imagination ‫ خيال‬courage ‫شجاعة‬
jail ‫زنزانة‬ selfish ‫ انانى‬crucifying ‫يصلب‬
hammock ‫مرجيحة‬ convince ‫ يقنع‬partner ‫شريك‬
thoughts ‫أفكار‬ grub ‫ نقب عن‬drag ‫يجر‬
personal ‫شخصي‬

Chris returns with Ann, and a tense confrontation almost immediately begins. Ann
pointedly rejects Kate’s hope that Larry is still alive. She also shows that she is
unwilling to forgive her father, now in jail, as Joe once was, convicted of providing
the Army Air Force with 121 defective cracked cylinder heads. The parts were used
in the engines of P-40 fighter planes, twenty-one of which crashed.
‫ ترفض آن بشكل واضح أمل كٌت فً أن ٌظل الري على قٌد‬.‫ وتبدأ المواجهة المتوترة على الفور تقرٌبًا‬، ‫ٌعود كرٌس مع آن‬
‫ مدا ًنا بتزوٌد سالح‬، ‫ كما كان جو فً وقت سابق‬، ‫ الموجود بالسجن‬، ‫ كما تكشف أنها غٌر راغبة فً مسامحة والدها‬.‫الحٌاة‬
.‫ تم استخدام األجزاء فً محركات الطائرات المقاتلة وتحطمت واحد وعشرون منها‬.‫ رأس اسطوانة معٌبة‬121 ‫الجو بالجٌش بـ‬
Joe, who was later exonerated, attempts to defend his former partner as a
confused, somewhat inept “little man” caught in a situation that he did not fully
understand. Ann is unmoved and holds her father responsible for Larry’s death.
Yet Kate knows the truth: Joe ordered his partner to weld the cracked cylinder
heads and hide the defect.

)16(
 ً
ً‫"رجال صغٌرً ا مرتب ًكا وغٌر كفؤ إلى حد ما" عالق ف‬ ‫ الدفاع عن شرٌكه السابق باعتباره‬، ‫ الذي تم تبرئته الح ًقا‬، ‫ٌحاول جو‬
‫ أمر جو شرٌكه بلحام رؤوس‬:‫ لكن كٌت تعرف الحقٌقة‬.‫ آن غٌر متأثرة وتحمل والدها مسؤولٌة وفاة الري‬.‫موقف لم ٌفهمه تمامًا‬
.‫االسطوانة المتشققة وإخفاء العٌب‬

After Joe and Kate leave, Chris confesses his love to Ann, and she confirms her
own for him. She is mystified by his long delay in disclosing his feelings, and he
explains that it took him a long time to shake free from a guilt he felt for his
survival in the war. They are interrupted when Ann is told that her brother, George,
is on the phone.
‫ وكانت آن متحٌرة بتأخره الطوٌل فى الكشف عن‬.‫ٌعترف كرٌس بحبه لـ آن بعد مغادرة جو وكٌت وتؤكد آن حبها له أٌضا‬
‫ تمت مقاطعتهم‬.‫ وٌوضح كرٌس أن األمر استغرق منه وق ًتا طوٌالً للتخلص من الذنب الذي شعر به لبقائه فً الحرب‬، ‫مشاعره‬
.‫ على الهاتف‬، ‫ جورج‬، ‫عندما تم إخبار آن بأن شقٌقها‬

As she exits, Joe and Chris discuss the fact that George is in Columbus, visiting
his father in jail. Ann is heard talking on the phone, trying to mollify her angry
brother, while Joe speculates as to the possibility that George and Ann may be
trying to open the criminal case again. Chris placates Joe, who shrugs off his
concern and begins talking of Chris’s future and telling him that he will help Chris
and Ann make Kate accept their marriage. Ann then comes out to tell them that
George is coming to visit that same evening.
‫ ُتسمع آن وهً تتحدث عبر الهاتف‬.‫ ٌزور والده فً السجن‬، ‫ ناقش جو وكرٌس حقٌقة أن جورج فً كولومبوس‬، ‫أثناء خروجها‬
‫ كرٌس‬.‫ بٌنما ٌتكهن جو باحتمال أن ٌحاول جورج وآن فتح القضٌة الجنائٌة مرة أخرى‬، ‫ فً محاولة لتهدئة شقٌقها الغاضب‬،
.‫ الذي ٌتجاهل قلقه وٌبدأ الحدٌث عن مستقبل كرٌس وٌخبره أنه سٌساعد كرٌس وآن فً جعل كٌت تقبل زواجهما‬، ‫ٌرضً جو‬
.‫ثم تخرج آن لتقول لهم أن جورج قادم لزٌارته فً نفس المساء‬

 Kate believed that a lot things related to Larry happened at the same time.
 Kate stumbled in Larry's baseball glove. From Kate's opinion all those things
prove that Larry was alive and would come back.
● Keller justified Steve's crime by saying that Steve committed a human mistake
but he wasn't a murderer .
 Kate and Joe were worried about George's visit because they knew that he had
visited his father in prison.
 They expected that George may open the case again.
 Although Chris needed business, he believed that love and happy family were
more important.
 Chris was different from his father who believed that money was everything in
life.
 Chris felt ashamed of himself because he didn't die in the war and came back
to enjoy a rich life.

)17(
 He thought that others who died in the war were better than him because they
sacrificed their lives for their country.
 Kate thought that Ann was waiting for Larry.
 Kate asked Joe if he knew anything about Chris's proposal to Ann. He lied to
her and told her that he knew nothing more than she did.
 Keller tries to hide the truth that he killed his own son by selling the faulty parts
to the Air Force.
 Joe was released from prison on appeal after falsely blaming Steve for his
crime.
 Kate had planted that tree after Larry was reported missing. It was a memorial
of him, for Kate it means that Larry is still alive.
 Kate blames Joe for accepting Larry's death.
 Keller was trying to defend Steve. This is the opposite of what really happened. Joe
directed Steve to cover the cracks. Now he lies to Ann and Chris with ease.
 Ann, Joe Keller and Chris were talking about her father, who was in jail.
 Joe was defending him and said that what he had done has nothing to do with
Larry. In fact Joe was defending himself not Steve.
 Ann was angry with her father when she knew about the death of Larry. Joe is
so forgiving and compassionate in his judgment of her father.
 George Deever has been to visit his father, Steve, in prison. This combined with
Ann's visit, makes Keller worry that his secret may be revealed.
 Chris and Ann cannot proceed with their relationship because of Kate's belief.
 Bert used to come and play the jail game with Joe Keller. Kate doesn't want Joe
to play the jail with neighbor kids because it reminds everyone that Joe's partner
is in jail-and that he put him there.
 Keller was proud that he has worked and won a lot of money and can afford to
have a maid.
 Keller was really trying to get rid of his sense of guilt.
 Keller tries to pave the way to Ann's marriage to Chris.
 Kate warned Keller not to rob Ann of her faith in Larry's return.
 Chris felt guilty because he had survived the war whereas all the other soldiers
in his company killed themselves in attempt to save each other's lives so he
could not enjoy driving his car or living a luxurious life.

)18(
1- “No more roses. It is so funny…. everything decides to happen at the
same time. This month is his birthday, Ann comes. Everything that
happened seems to be coming back.” “Giza 2017 / 2018”
 Kate said this to Chris in the garden of the house. Kate believed that a lot things
related to Larry happened at the same time. His tree was broken, Ann came
home, that month was his birthday and Kate stumbled in Larry's baseball glove.
From Kate's opinion all those things prove that Larry was alive and would come
back.
2- “The man was a fool, but don't make a murderer out of him.”
 Joe said this to Ann and Chris when they were discussing Steve's crime. Keller
justified Steve's crime by saying that Steve committed a human mistake but he
wasn't a murderer and he didn't expect that the accident would happen. Keller
said this to justify his own crime.
3- “Alright Joe,… just be smart.” or “Be smart now Joe. The boy is
coming. Be smart.”
 Kate said this to Joe after George had called Ann and told her that he would
come to Keller's house. Kate and Joe were worried about George's visit
because they knew that he had visited his father in prison. They expected that
George may open the case again.
4- “I like it an hour a day. If I have to grab for money all day long, at
least at the evening I want it beautiful. I want a family. I want some
kids….”
 Chris said this to Keller when Keller reminded Chris of business and money.
Although Chris needed business, he believed that love and happy family were
more important. This shows that Chris was different from his father who
believed that money was everything in life.
5- “We never took up our lives again. We are like a railroad station
waiting for a train that never comes in.”
 Chris said this to Kate after she had told him the dream of Larry. Chris said this
to convince her that Larry died and wouldn't come back. He wanted her to stop
waiting for Larry. So he likens the family to people in a railway station waiting for
a train that won't come.
6- “I felt wrong to be alive, to open the bank-book, to drive a new car.”
 Chris said this to Ann when he told her that he felt ashamed of himself because
he didn't die in the war and came back to enjoy a rich life. He thought that others
who died in the war were better than him because they sacrificed their lives for
their country.
)19(
7- “Deep, deep in your heart you have always been waiting for him.”
 Kate said this to Ann while they were talking about Larry. Kate thought that Ann
was waiting for Larry. Ann didn't agree with her but Kate said this to convince
herself that Larry will come back.
8- “Don't look at me like that, he didn't tell me any more than he told you.”
 Joe said this to his wife, Kate, when she asked him if he knew anything about
Chris's proposal to Ann. He lied to her and told her that he knew nothing more
than she did.
9- “That's what a war does. I had two sons, now I got one.”
 This was said by Joe Keller blaming the death of his son on war. He tries to hide
the truth that he killed his own son by selling the faulty parts to the Air Force.
10- “When I got home from the penitentiary the kids got very interested in
me… I was (laughs) like the expert on the jail situation. And as time
passed they got it confused and…I ended up a detective.”
 Joe describes what happened when he was released from prison on appeal
after falsely blaming Steve for his crime. The local children have forgotten, or
perhaps never knew, that Joe went to prison for committing a crime and in their
imaginations, have made him into a detective.
11- “Everybody was in such a hurry to bury him. I said not to plant it yet.”
 Kate said these words to Joe and Chris when Larry's tree was broken. They had
planted that tree after Larry was reported missing. It was a memorial of him, for
Kate it means that Larry is still alive. Kate blames Joe for accepting Larry's
death too soon and perhaps for the romance unfolding between Chris and Ann
that she's trying to prevent.
12- “So he takes out his tools he… covers over the cracks. All right… that's
bad, it's wrong, but that's what a little man does. If I could have gone
in that day I'd told him - junk'em, Steve, we can afford it.”
 These words were said by Keller to Ann and Chris. He was talking about Steve.
He was trying to defend Steve. This is the opposite of what really happened.
When asked for advice, Joe directed Steve to cover the cracks. Now he lies to
Ann and Chris with ease. Perhaps he's been telling this story for so long he's
begun to believe it himself.
13- “He knowingly shipped out part that would crash an airplane.
And how do you know Larry wasn't one of them?”
 Ann said this to Joe Keller and Chris. They were talking about her father, who
was in jail. Joe was defending him and said that what he had done has nothing
to do with Larry. In fact Joe was defending himself not Steve. Ann was angry
with her father when she knew about the death of Larry. Ann doesn't know it, but
she's damning the people she's talking to. No wonder Joe is so forgiving and
compassionate in his judgment of her father. He's guilty himself.

)20(
14- “Chris, I want you to use what I made for you… I mean, with joy,
Chris, without shame… with joy…because sometimes I think you're...
ashamed of the money… because it's good money, there's nothing
wrong with the money.”
 The speaker in this quote, Joe, has heard that George Deever has been to visit
his father, Steve, in prison. This combined with Ann's visit, makes him worry that
his secret (that he, and not Steve, was responsible for the faulty airplane parts
crime) may be revealed. His assertion that there is nothing wrong with his
money, when Chris has never suggested to the contrary, seems defensive and
raised the audience's expectation that Joe is deluding himself and others.
15- “I know, dear, but don't say it's ridiculous, because the papers were
full of it; I don't know about New York, but there was half a page
about a man missing even longer than Larry, and he turned up from
Burma.”
 The speaker, Kate holds on to such stories and this gives her the belief that Larry
cannot have died and that he is still alive. This of course is a major problem, as it
means that Chris and Ann cannot proceed with their relationship because of Kate's
belief. Of course, what we discover is that the reason Kate is holding on so firmly
to Larry being alive is that if she were to admit that he had died, she would have to
admit that her husband was guilty for sending faulty machine parts to the war and
therefore guilty for the death of other pilots like Larry. The family is definitely shown
to be in crisis through this.
16- “Stop that, Bert. Go home. There's no jail here.”
 Kate said this sentence to Bert, one of the neighbor's sons living near the
Kellers. He used to come and play the jail game with Joe Keller. Kate doesn't
want Joe to play the jail with neighbor kids because it reminds everyone that
Joe's partner is in jail-and that he put him there. This shows us that she was
suffering because of her feelings of guilt.
17- “I don't know why after I had worked forty years why I have to
take out the garbage. I can afford another bag of potatoes.”
 These words were said by Joe Keller to his wife when she asked him about the
sack of potato. He was proud that he has worked and won a lot of money and can
afford to have a maid. In throwing the rubbish, Keller was really trying to get rid of
his sense of guilt. Keller threw the potatoes away because he thought they were
garbage. This wastefulness provides an interesting contrast to his crime of saving
machine parts (which actually were garbage) and selling them to the military.
18- “Keller: What does that mean, me above all?”
 Kate doesn't say much, but she says it is clearly enough for Joe to understand.
He above all has to believe that Larry is still alive, because if Larry is dead, then
Joe killed him. Kate lived in an illusion which she herself, created so as to stop
her sense of guilt.

)21(
19- “Nobody in this house dare to take her faith away, Joe strangers
might. But not his father, not his brother.”
 Kate said these words to Joe Keller when he tries to pave the way to Ann's
marriage to Chris. Kate warned him not to rob Ann of her faith in Larry's return.
Kate also warned them that such a strong faith must not be shaken by the closet
people to Larry.
20- “Do not listen to her. Every Saturday night the whole gang is
playing poker in this arbor. All the ones who yelled murderer
taking my money now.”
 Joe said these words to Ann trying to convince her to come to live here again
and not to worry of people who talk about her father as a murderer. Money
makes people forget and this reveals Joe Keller thinks money is the answer to
everything.
21- “I mean you can take those things out of a war… Otherwise what
you have really loot. And there's blood on it.”
 Ann said these words to Chris. Chris felt guilty because he had survived the war
whereas all the other soldiers in his company killed themselves in attempt to save
each other's lives so he could not enjoy driving his car or living a luxurious life.

1- Give an account of Kate's dream? Or what was Kate's dream about

Larry? What does it show?
‫ أو ماذا كان حلم كيت عن الرى وماذا يظهر ذلك؟‬.‫اعطى تفسيرا لحلم كيت‬
- Kate dreamed that she saw Larry flying in his plane over the house. Suddenly
he started to fall down and he was calling his mother. She tried to save him but
she couldn't. When she woke up she went out to the garden and saw Larry's
tree broken. The dream shows that Larry died but Kate insisted that he will
come back.
2- Why was Chris ashamed of himself? What does that show?
‫لماذا كان كريس خجالن من نفسه وماذا يظهر ذلك؟‬
- Chris was ashamed of himself because he wasn't killed in the war. He believed
that those who died were better because they sacrificed their lives for their
country. Chris blamed himself because he came back alive and started to enjoy
a refined life. This shows that Chris was an ideal person.

)22(
 3- How did Joe Keller behave after he was acquitted? What did he advise
Ann to do? Or Explain how did Keller face the people after the trial.
What was the result? What does this show about Joe Keller's character?
.‫كيف تصرف جو كيلر بعد أن أطلق سراحه وبماذا نصح (آن) أن تفعل؟ أو أشرح كيف أن كيلر واجه الناس بعد المحاكمة‬
‫فما هي النتيجة؟ وماذا يظهر ذلك في شخصيته؟‬
- Keller left his car and walked slowly in the street to face his neighbours who
believed that he was a criminal. He didn't care about their opinion because the
court set him free. As a result he became rich and all neighbours forgot his
crime and respected him.
4- What reasons made Kate believe that Larry was still alive?
‫ماهى األسباب التي جعلت كيت تؤمن بأن الرى ما زال ح ًيا؟‬
- Kate believed that a lot of things related to Larry happened at the same time.
His tree was broken, Ann came home, that month was his birthday and Kate
stumbled in Larry's baseball glove and has a dream about him. From Kate's
opinion all those things prove that Larry was alive and would come back.
5- Ann considered her father a criminal, but Keller defended him. Explain
.‫ وضح ذلك‬.‫(آن) تعتبر أن والدها مجرم ولكن كيلر يدافع عنه‬
- Ann thought that her father was a criminal because he caused the death of the
pilots and Larry maybe one of them. However, Chris defended Steve saying that
he made a human mistake but he wasn't a murderer because he didn't expect
that the accident would happen.
6- Write short notes on Joe Keller? ‫اكتب مالحظات قصيرة عن شخصية جو كيلر؟‬
- Joe Keller gave much care to money and business. He only likes to read the
want ads in the newspaper. He caused the pilots' death to get money. He
justified Steve's crime by saying that it was a human mistake. He was shocked
when Chris threatened to leave the house because he felt that he would lose his
second son.
7- "We've made a terrible mistake with mother" What was the problem from
Chris' point of view? And what was its solution? Did Joe agree with Chris?
‫ ماهى المشكلة من وجهة نظر كريس؟ وماذا كان الحل وهل كان جو متف ًقا مع كريس؟‬.‫لقد فعلنا خطأ ً عظي ًما مع األم‬
- Chris said that they were mistaken because they didn't tell his mother that Larry
wouldn't come back. As a result she believed that Larry died and so she can
agree to his marriage of Ann. Joe disagreed with Chris because there was no
body or grave to be sure that Larry died.
8- Why was mother worried about George's visit?
‫لماذا كانت األم قلقة من زيارة جورج؟‬
- Kate was worried about George's visit because he had visited his father in
prison. So she expected that Steve told George the truth. She was also worried
because George could open the case again as he is a lawyer.

)23(
 9- Why was Keller so keen on defending Steve Deever? Or How did Keller
justify Steve's crime? Why?
‫حريصا على الدفاع عن ستيف ديفر؟ أو كيف برر كيلر جريمة ستيف ولماذا؟‬ ً ‫لماذا كان كيلر‬
- Keller justified Steve's crime by saying that he wasn't a murderer and that he
only committed a human mistake because the army was in urgent need for the
spare parts and Steve had to cover the defects and sent them in a hurry. Joe
said this to justify his own crime.
10- Kate was completely unwilling to let go Larry's memory. Discuss
.‫ ناقش‬.‫كانت كيت رافضة تماما ً أن تترك ذكرى الرى‬
- Kate has a strong belief that Larry is still alive. Every night she dreams of Larry.
She asked Frank Lubby to make horoscope. She reads the papers to see
Larry's name among those who might come. She treats Ann as Larry's girl.
11- When did Ann stop visiting her father? Why?
‫متى توقفت (آن) عن زيارة والدها؟ ولماذا؟‬
- When Larry reported missing, she felt that her father was the reason so she
stopped visiting him.
12- What was the offer Joe Keller made to Ann concerning her father?
‫ماهو العرض الذى قدمه جو كيلر لـ (آن) بخصوص والدها؟‬
- He told Ann to tell her father Steeve that there are a job and a house waiting for
him to start a new life.
13- Ann decided against staying with the Kellers and wanted to return to
New York? Why?
‫قررت (آن) عدم البقاء مع عائلة كيلر وكانت تريد العودة الى نيويورك فلماذا كان ذلك؟‬
- That is because Kate did not want to stay as Chris's girl but as Larry's girl.
14- Why does mother refuse to let Chris marry Ann?
‫لماذا رفضت األم أن تدع كريس يتزوج (آن)؟‬
- Because she believes that Larry is still alive and he will come back again.
15- How is Chris Keller different from his father?
‫كيف كان كريس كيلر مختلف عن والده؟‬
- Chris was romantic, brave and honest as he wanted to tell his mother about
Larry's death. Keller was dishonest as he let Kate go on thinking that Larry was
still alive. Also he was sarcastic as he criticises the newspapers and what was
written in them.
16- Why hasn't Ann married when Larry lost? ‫لماذا لم تتزوج (آن) عندما فقد الرى؟‬
- Because she was waiting for Chris. As he started writing to her after his
brother's missing.
17- What did Kate threaten if Larry died? ‫بماذا هددت كيت لو مات الرى؟‬
- Kate threatened to kill herself.

)24(
 18- What did Kate think of Ann? Why? ‫ماهو رأى كيت في (آن)؟ ولماذا؟‬
- Kate believed that Ann still waits for Larry as.
a) Ann didn't marry 3 years ago.
b) She came from New York.
c) She slept in Larry's room and had breakfast at the same place Larry likes.
19- Prove that Ann loves Chris. ‫اثبت أن (آن) تحب كريس؟‬
- Ann loves Chris as
a) She was going to marry 2 years ago but Chris started to write letters to her.
b) She didn't know Larry's clothes.
c) She exchanged letters with Chris and he invited her to his house.
20- What did the people think of Keller? ‫ما رأى الناس في كيلر؟‬
- People thought that Keller was guilty and murderer as he killed 21 pilots by
selling bad cylinders to the army.
21- What is the court's paper? ‫ماهو قرار المحكمة (ورقة المحكمة)؟‬
- It is a paper from the court to tell that Keller was innocent.
22- Compare between Keller's opinion of newspaper and Kate's?
‫قارن بين رأى كيلر و كيت في الجرائد؟‬
- Keller thought that the newspapers are trivial as they talk about useless and
unimportant things but Kate thought that the newspapers are very important as
they wrote about important things like the coming back of some boys.

A) Comment on the following quotations:

1- "Deep, deep in your heart, you have always been waiting for him."
……………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………
2- "Everybody was in such a hurry to bury. I said not to plant in yet."
……………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………
3- "Everything that happened seems to be coming back."
……………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………
4- "Stop that, Bert. Go home, there is no jail here."
……………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………
B) Answer the following questions:
1- Write short notes on Joe Keller?
……………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………
2- Why was mother worried about George's visit?
……………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………
3- How did Keller justify Steve's crime? Why?
……………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………
4- What was the offer Joe Keller made to Ann concerning her father?
……………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………
5- How is Chris Keller different from his father?
……………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………
6- What reasons made Kate believe that Larry was still alive?
……………………………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………

)25(
1- Describe the setting of the play in act one
‫اوصف المكان والزمان للمسرحية في المشهد األول؟‬
- All My Sons takes place in a small American town in August, a few years after
World War II. The events of the play occur on a single set, the back yard of the
Kellers home, where a tree has recently been torn down by a storm. The Kellers
are solidly middle-class and have a working-class background. They are not
rich, but they are financially comfortable, and there is sense throughout the play
that they worked hard to reach this state of stability.
‫قد حدثت مسرحية (كلهم أوالدى) فى مدينة أمريكية صغيرة فى شهر أغسطس خالل سنوات قليلة بعد الحرب العالمية الثانية‬
‫ فعائلة كيلر من الطبقة المتوسطة ولهم خلفية‬.)‫وقد ظهرت أحداث المسرحية في مكان واحد وهى الفناء الخلفى لمنزل (كيلر‬
‫ هم لم يكونوا أغنياء ولكنهم مرتاحين ماديًا وكان هناك إحساس خالل المسرحية أنهم يعملوا بجد لكى‬.‫من الطبقة العاملة‬
.‫يصلوا إلى هذه الحالة من اإلستقرار‬
2- All My Sons concerns the conflict between a practical father and his
idealistic son. Explain ‫ فسر‬.‫مسرحية كلهم أوالدى تهتم بالصراع بين األب العملى واألبن المثالى‬
- Joe Keller, the father, is a "blue-collar" industrialist, a self-made man. Motivated
by an extreme sense of loyalty to his family, Joe allowed the defective airline-
parts to leave his plant, an action that killed twenty-one pilots and led to the
arrest and imprisonment of his partner and friend, Steve Deever. On the other
hand, Chris, his son, finds it impossible to escape the past. During the war,
Chris discovered a unique brotherhood among the men who sacrificed their
lives for each other: "a kind of-responsibility. Man for man." On his return home,
he finds "no meaning" in the shallow upper middle-class concerns or in the
consumerism of post-war American.
.‫(ݘو كيلر) األب هو رجل صناعة من أصحاب الياقات الزرقاء ورجل عصامى ودائمًا يحركه إحساس شديد بالوالء ألسرته‬
‫وقد سمح (ݘو) باألجزاء المعيبة من الطائرات أن تترك مصنعه وهذا الحدث الذى أدى إلى قتل طيار قد أدى إلى القبض‬
‫ وعلى الجانب اآلخراإلبن (كريس) كان يجد أنه من المستحيل الهروب من‬.)‫والسجن لشريكه وصديقه (ستيف ديڤر‬
‫ أثناء الحرب إكتشف روابط األخوة بين الرجال الذين ضحوا بحياتهم من أجل بعض كنوع من المسئولية كرجل‬.‫الماضى‬
.‫لرجل وفى عودته إلى المنزل وجد أنه ال معنى الهتمامات الطبقة المتوسطة العليا أو اإلستهالكية بعد الحرب فى أمريكا‬
3- The past has different effects on both Joe Keller and Chris. Discuss.
.‫ ناقش‬.‫الماضى له آثار مختلفة على كالً من كيلر وكريس‬
- Joe allowed the defective airline parts to leave his plant, an action that killed
twenty-one pilots and led to the arrest and imprisonment of his partner and
friend, Steve Deever. That is why Joe seeks to escape the past, to deny the
fateful series of events that threatened his business, his family, and his freedom.
Chris finds it impossible to escape that past. During the war, Chris discovered a
unique brotherhood among the men who sacrificed their lives for each other: "a
kind of-responsibility. Man for man.", the effect of the past on him appears
clearly in his rejection of the company's new name, and his dreams of leaving
the area and making his own way in the world.
)26(
 ‫سمح (ݘو) ألجزاء الطائرات التالفة أن تغادر من مصنعه وهذا الحدث قد نتج عنه قتل احدى وعشرون طيار وأدى إلى‬
‫القبض وحبس شريكه وصديقه (ستيف ديڤر) ولذلك يحاول (ݘو) الهروب من الماضى وأن ينكر سلسلة األحداث المصيرية‬
‫ (كريس) وجد أنه من المستحيل أن يهرب من الماضى وأثاء الحرب إكتشف روابط‬. ‫التى هددت عملة وعائلته وحريته‬
‫ وتأثير الماضى عليه ظهر‬.‫األخوة بين الرجال الذين ضحوا بحياتهم من أجل بعضهم كنوع من المسئولية كرجل لرجل‬
.‫ وأحالمه لمغادرة المنزل والمنطقة وأن يشق طريقة فى العالم‬.‫بوضوح برفضه لوضع إسمه على الشركة‬
4- Prove that the female characters reveal Miller's idea of revival.
.‫أثبت أن الشخصيات النسائية أظهرت فكرة ميلر عن النهضة‬
- Ann and Sue convey life on an everyday basic. Sue points out the contradictions
and dangers characteristic in Chris's idealism. "Chris makes people want to be
better than it's possible to be." but she wanted her husband to work for money
and forget about researches because he has a family and they need money.
Kate, the sentimental mother who keeps alive an ideal image of her dead son, is
not as successful as either Ann or Sue. Knowing the guilt of her husband, she
has withdrawn into a world of horoscopes and memory. These tensions and
conflicts give depth to Miller's play, Ann was sure that Larry is dead that is why
she accepted Chris's offer of marriage. So she went on with her life.
‫ يريد‬.‫ أوضحت (سو) التناقض والمخاطر فى صفات (كريس) المثالية‬.‫تنقل (آن) و(سو) شكل الحياة اليومى وأساسها‬
‫(كريس) أن يجعل الناس أن تكون أفضل من الممكن أن يكونوا ولكنها تريد من زوجها أن يعمل من أجل المال وأن ينسى‬
‫ (كيت) األم العاطفية التى تحتفظ بصورة مثالية بأن إبنها المتوفى مازال حى ولم‬.‫األبحاث ألن لديه عائلة ويحتاجوا للمال‬
‫ هذه‬.‫تكن ناجحة مثل كل من (سو) و(آن) وكانت تعلم بخطأ زوجها وكانت تنسحب من العالم إلى عالم األبراج والذكريات‬
)‫الصراعات والتوترات أعطت عمق فى مسرحية (ميلر) وكانت (آن) متأكدة من (الرى) ميت ولذلك قبلت عرض (كريس‬
.‫بالزواج ولذلك حتى تستمر حياتها‬
5- What is the function of the newspaper in the first act of All My Sons?
‫ماهو دور الجرائد في الفصل األول من مسرحية كلهم أوالدى؟‬
- The newspaper helps to demonstrate Keller's detachment and denial of current
events, signifying his guilty withdrawal from "the news" and the world. While
Keller has not become an outsider or withdrawn completely from social life, he
has chosen a path of denial. He does not read the actual news oriented news
sections of the paper. Instead he reads the sections that relate to entertainment.
Moreover, this reflects the realism of a businessman.
‫الجرائد ساعدت أن تظهر إنفصال وإنكار (كيلر) لألحداث الجارية وتدل على هروبه من اإلحساس بالذنب من األخبار ومن‬
‫ لم يكن يقرأ األخبار‬.‫العالم بينما (كيلر) لم يصبح منعزل أو منسحب عن الحياة اإلجتماعية تمامًا فقد إختار طريق اإلنكار‬
‫الفعلية المرتبطة بقطاع األخبار ولكن بدالً من ذلك كان يقرأ القطاع المرتبط بالترفيه وعالوة على ذلك فهذا يعكس واقعية‬
.‫رجل األعمال‬
6- Write short notes on characters of Dr. Jim Bayliss and Frank Lubey.
‫اكتب نبذة قصيرة على شخصية دكتور جيم بيليس و فرانك لوبى‬
- Jim is an old friend and neighbour of Joe Keller. A physician, he is nearly forty
years old. He is described as having a "very humor" tinged with sadness. It
became obvious that he always esteemed a dream of doing medical research,
but turned his back on it to make money in order to satisfy, Sue.
- Frank is a well-meaning but opinionated neighbor of Joe Keller. A strong
believer in astrology, he works out from Larry's astrological chart that Larry
could not have died on the day he disappeared because it was a favorable day
for him. Frank therefore feeds Kate Keller's delusion that Larry is alive.

)27(
 ‫(ݘيم) كان صديق قديم وجار لـ (ݘو كيلر) وهو طبيب وتقريبًا يبلغ من العمر ‪ 04‬عام وقد تم وصفه أن لديه "دعاية‬
‫ساخرة" مختلطة بلون من الحزن‪ .‬وقد أصبح من الواضح أنه يقرر حلم العمل فى البحث الطبى ولكنه قد أدار ظهره له لكى‬
‫يكون األموال التى ترضى زوجته سو‪( .‬فرانك) لديه شخصية عنيدة وواضحة ً‬
‫جيدا وهو جار (ݘوكيلر) ويؤمن بشدة فى‬
‫علم التنجيم وقد إستنتج من خالل جدول التنجيم الخاص بـ (الرى) أنه ال يمكن أن يكون قد مات فى مثل هذا اليوم الذى‬
‫إختفى فيه ألنه يومه المفضل وباإلضافة لذلك فهو يمأل (كيت كيلر) بالوهم بأن (الرى) مازال حى‪.‬‬
‫‪7- Draw a character sketch for Kate Keller.‬‬
‫ارسم وصف تفصيلى لشخصية كيت كيلر من خالل الكلمات‪.‬‬
‫‪- Kate Keller, called "Mother" in the play, is the wife of Joe Keller and the mother‬‬
‫‪of Larry and Chris. She is described as being in her early fifties and as having‬‬
‫‪"an overwhelming capacity for love." her life is dominated by her refusal to‬‬
‫‪admit that her beloved Larry is dead. She knows the truth about the faulty‬‬
‫‪cylinder heads incident, but supports Joe in his deception that he is innocent.‬‬
‫‪Kate in turn is supported by Joe in her self-illusion that one day Larry will return.‬‬
‫‪To admit that Larry is dead would be to open up the terrible possibility that he‬‬
‫‪was killed by his father's action in allowing the cracked cylinder heads to be‬‬
‫‪shipped out. This is a possibility that Kate could bear, and so she attempts to‬‬
‫‪shut it out through her self-deception.‬‬
‫(كيت كيلر) ولُقبت باالم خالل المسرحية هى زوجة (ݘو كيلر) وهى أم (الرى) و(كريس) وقد تم وصفها أنها فى أوائل‬
‫الخمسينات من عمرها ولديها "قدرة ساحقة للحب" وقد سيطر على حياتها رفضها اإلعتراف بأن ابنها (الرى) ميت‪ .‬هى‬
‫تعرف الحقيقة عن رؤوس اإلسطوانات التالفة ولكنها تدعم (ݘو) فى خداعه بأنه برئ‪ .‬وكانت (كيت) هى األخرى تلتقى‬
‫الدعم من (ݘو) فى وهمها بأن يوم ما (الرى) سوف يعود‪ .‬ولكى تعترف بأن (الرى) ميت فهذا يعنى أن تصرح بإمكانية أنه‬
‫قتل من خالل تصرف والده بأن سمح لرؤوس اإلسطوانات التالفه أن تخرج من مصنعه ومن الممكن أن (كيت) لم تكن‬
‫تستطيع أن تتحمل ذلك ولذلك فهى تحاول أن تغلق ذلك من خالل خداع نفسها‪.‬‬
‫?‪8- What is the significance of the broken tree‬‬ ‫ماهو مدلول الشجرة المكسورة؟‬
‫‪- The apple tree that was planted in attribute for Larry is destroyed in a storm.‬‬
‫‪This seems to signal rough times ahead, as well as the destruction of hope that‬‬
‫‪Larry will ever found alive. Larry's tree falling is directly related to the‬‬
‫‪confirmation of his death. The tree falls in the month of his birth, August. It falls‬‬
‫‪when Ann, Larry's finance, is sleeping in his room, having come for a visit to the‬‬
‫‪Keller's home. Additionally, the fallen tree sits in the middle of the backyard as a‬‬
‫‪symbol of the presence of Larry in the middle of this play. Larry is present in the‬‬
‫‪action in the presence of this tree.‬‬
‫شجرة التفاح التى تم زراعتها كثناء (الرى) قد دمرت فى العاصفه وهذا كإشارة لألوقات الصعبة القادمة باإلضافة إلى‬
‫القضاء على األمل بأن (الرى) سوف يتم إيجاده حى‪ .‬سقوط شجرة (الرى) مرتبط مباشرة بالتأكيد على وفاته فسقوط‬
‫الشجرة فى شهر ميالده أغسطس فهى سقطت عندما نامت (آن) خطيبة (الرى) فى غرفته عندما قامت بزيارة لمنزل‬
‫(كيلر)‪ .‬باإلضافة لذلك إن سقوط الشجرة قد وقع فى منتصف فناء المنزل كرمز لحضور (الرى) فى منتصف المسرحية‬
‫فإن (الرى) حاضر فى أحداث وجود هذه الشجرة‪.‬‬
‫?‪9- Prove that Chris has an unconscious knowledge of his father's guilt‬‬
‫اثبت بأن كريس ليس على علم بخطأ والده؟‬
‫‪- Chris makes several choices in the play that reveal his unconscious knowledge‬‬
‫‪of his father's guilt: his difficulty in proposing to Ann, his rejection of the‬‬
‫‪company's new name, and his dreams of leaving the area making his own way in‬‬
‫‪the world.‬‬
‫وضع (كريس) العديد من االختيارات فى المسرحية تبرهن بأنه ليس لديه علم بخطأ والده‪ .‬صعوبه التقدم فى الزواج إلى‬
‫(آن)‪ ،‬رفضه ألسم الشركة الجديد وأحالمه بترك المنطقة وشق طريقه فى العالم‪.‬‬

‫(‪)28‬‬
 Answers Part (1) Answers Part (2)
A) Comment on the following quotations: A) Comment on the following quotations:
1. Chris said these words to Joe Keller. He wanted to 1. Kate said this to Ann while they were talking
marry Ann but his father told him that his mother about Larry. Kate thought that Ann was waiting for
would never accept this marriage because she Larry. Ann didn't agree with her but Kate said this
thinks that Larry is still alive and she is waiting for to convince herself that Larry will come back.
him to come back. This is a small foreshadowing 2. Kate said these words to Joe and Chris when
of the moral positions of both Joe and Chris here. Larry's, tree was broken. They had planted that
Chris acknowledges reality but does nothing to tree after Larry was reported missing. It was a
address it; Joe pretends it doesn’t. memorial of him, for Kate it means that Larry is
2. Frank said this to Joe Keller when he was still alive. Kate blames Joe for accepting Larry's
explaining his theory of Larry's horoscope. He death too soon- and perhaps for the romance
said that if Larry was missing on his luck day, he unfolding between Chris and Ann that she's trying
must be alive because nothing bad happens to a to prevent.
person on his luck day. 3. Kate said this to Chris in the garden of the house.
3. Chris said this to Joe Keller when they were Kate believed that a lot things related to Larry
talking about the broken tree. That tree was a happened at the same time. His tree was broken,
symbol of Larry's life. Joe was worried that Kate Ann came home, that month was his birthday and
may be shocked when she sees the tree. Chris Kate stumbled in Larry's baseball glove. From
told him that she had already seen it. Kate's opinion all those things prove that Larry
4. These words were said by Joe Keller to Chris was alive and would come back.
when he told him that he is going to marry Ann. 4. Kate said this sentence to Bert, one of the
He asked his father to help him and tell this news neighbor's sons living near the Kellers. He used to
to his mother. Chris knew that his mother would come and play the jail game with Joe Keller. Kate
never accept such marriage because Ann was doesn't want Joe to play the jail with neighbor
Larry's girl and she believes that he is still alive. kids because it reminds everyone that Joe's
Joe needs Kate's support in the case that is why partner is in jail-and that he puts him there. This
he didn't want to contradict her. shows us that she was suffering because of her
B) Answer the following questions: feelings of guilt.
1. The horoscope means to know the future through B) Answer the following questions:
stars and a favorable day is the lucky day for a 1. Joe Keller gave much care to money and
person that is impossible to die on his favorable business. He only likes to read the want ads in the
day. newspaper. He caused the pilots' death to get
2. Chris invited Ann over his house with the money. He justified Steve's crime by saying that it
intention of proposing to her. He wants to marry was a human mistake. He was shocked when
her but he knew his mother might object to that Chris threatened to leave the house because he
marriage. felt that he would lose his second son.
3. Dr. Jim Bayliss was not happy with his profession 2. Kate was worried about George's visit because he
as a doctor as he wants to be a medical had visited his father in prison. So she expected
researcher. that Steve told George the truth. She was also
4. Larry Keller was reported missing so his mother worried because George could open the case
Kate planted a tree to represent Larry and the again as he is a lawyer.
flourishing and growth of the tree gave her a 3. Keller justified Steve's crime by saying that he
wasn't a murderer and that he only committed a
sense of comfort and ease that Larry is still alive.
human mistake because the army was in urgent
However, when a storm blows the tree down, Kate need for the spare parts and Steve had to cover
sees it as a bad omen. She believes that the defects and sent them in a hurry. Joe said this
something bad was about to occur so she ran to to justify his own crime.
the kitchen and cries. 4. He told Ann to tell her father Steve that there are a
job and a house waiting for him to start a new life.
5. He found out that his friends who died at the war 5. Chris was romantic, brave and honest as he wanted
are considered nothing in people's eyes. So, he to tell his mother about Larry's death. Keller was
wanted to die in the war so he was ashamed to be dishonest as he let Kate go on thinking that Larry
alive. was still alive. Also he was sarcastic as he criticises
6. Because his father was dishonest with Kate and the newspapers and what was written in them.
he let her go on thinking that they believed with 6. Kate believed that a lot of things related to Larry
her that Larry is alive. happened at the same time. His tree was broken,
Ann came home, that month was his birthday and
Kate stumbled in Larry's baseball glove and has a
dream about him. From Kate's opinion all those
things prove that Larry was alive and would come
back.

)29(
1- "No more roses, It's so funny……..everything decides to happen at the
same time."
 Kate said this to Chris in the garden of the house. Kate believed that a lot of
things related to Larry happened at the same things prove that Larry was alive
and would come back.
2- "I want a family, I want some kids, I want to build something I can
give myself to…."
 Chris said this to Keller as he threatened him to leave the house if they refused
to achieve his dream to have a family not to make money.
3- "We're like a railroad station waiting for a train."
 Chris said this to Kate. She had told him the dream of Larry. Chris said this to
convince her that Larry died and wouldn't come back. He wanted her to stop
waiting for Larry so he likens the family to people in a railway station waiting for
a train that won't come.
4- "We've made a terrible mistake with Mother, being dishonest with
her."
 Chris said these words to Joe Keller. He wanted to marry Ann but his mother
wouldn't accept that marriage because she thought that Larry was alive. He
blamed his father for not telling his mother the truth about Larry.
5- "That's what a war does. I had two sons, now I got one."
 This was said by Joe Keller blaming the death of his son on war. He tries to
hide the truth he killed his own son by selling the faulty parts to the Air Force.
6- "Stop that, Bert. Go home. There’s no jail here."
 Kate said these words to Bert, one of the neighbour's sons living near the
Keller's. He used to come and play the jail game with Joe Keller. Kate doesn't
want Joe to play the jail with neighbour’s kids.
7- "I mean you can take those things out of a war ............otherwise
what you have really loot. And there’s blood on it."
 Ann said these words to Chris. Chris felt guilty because he had survived the war
whereas all the other soldiers in his company killed themselves in an attempt
to save each other's lives so he couldn't enjoy driving his car or living a
luxurious life.

)30(
8- “We never took up our lives again. We are like a rail road station
waiting for a train that never comes in.”
 Chris said these words to his mother trying to convince her that it was about
time that they had forgotten about Larry. He wanted his mother to give up
waiting for Larry and continue in her life.
9- "I don't know why it is but every time. I reach out for something I
want I have to pull back."
 Chris said this to Joe when Joe suggested that Chris shouldn't propose to Ann
on the grounds that she is in Kate's eye, Larry's girl Chris determination neat to
back off because of what his mother might think is a sign that the two are on a
collision course.
10- "I know dear but don't say it is ridiculous because papers were full
of it."
 Kate holds on to such stories and this gives her the belief that Larry can't have
died and that he is still alive.
11- "The whole neighborhood is depending on you. A policeman doesn't
ask questions."
 Joe said these words to Ann trying to convince her to come to live here again
and not to worry about people who talk about her father as a murderer.
12- "To you it is, and to me. But not to her. You can talk yourself blue
in the face, but there is no body and there is no grave, so where are
you?"
 Joe said these words to Chris when Chris asked him to convince his mother to
accept his marriage to Ann but Joe refused because there is no grave or body
to prove that his brother died.

1- What offer did Keller want Ann to make her father?

‫ما هو العرض الذي أراد "كٌلر" أن تقدمه "آن" ألبٌها؟‬
- He told Ann to tell her father Steve there is a house and a job waiting for him to
start a new life.
2- Chris appears as an idealistic character. (Explain)
.‫ فسر ذلك‬.‫ٌظهر كرٌس كشخصٌة مثالٌة‬
- Chris was ashamed of himself because he wasn't killed in the war and believed
that those who died were better. He didn't want to let his mother to accept that.
3- Why did Chris invite Ann to his house? How did he want his father to
help? ‫لماذا دعا " كرٌس" "آن" لمنزله؟ وكٌف أراد المساعدة من أبٌه؟‬
- He invited Ann to his house to ask her hand for marriage and he wanted his
father to help him to convince his mother to accept that.

)31(
 4- What dream did mother have about Larry and how that dream is
related to the blowing of the tree?
‫ما هو حلم األم عن "الري" وكٌف أن هذا الحلم مرتبط بالشجرة المكسورة؟‬
- She dreamt that she saw Larry flying in his plane over the house. Suddenly he
started to fall down and he was calling his mother. She tried to save him but
she couldn't. When she woke up, she saw Larry's tree broken. The dream
shows that Larry died but she insisted that he will come back.
5- What crime was Chris ashamed of and what excuse did his father give
for doing such a crime? ‫ما الجرٌمة التً كان "كرٌس" خج ا‬
‫وال منها وما تبرٌر والده؟‬
- Chris was ashamed of himself because he wasn't killed in the war. He believed
that those who died were better because they sacrificed their lives for their
country. His father’s excuse is that for making a fortune for the family, he made
a mistake by killing 21 pilots.
6- What is your opinion about the critical situation of George and Ann
towards their father? ‫ما رأٌك فً الموقف الخطٌر" لجورج وآن" تجاه والدهما؟‬
- I think they didn't know the fact at first but after they knew the fact, Ann was
determined to achieve her dream to marry Chris but George didn't want this to
happen.
7- Why did Chris blame his father? ‫لماذا الَم "كرٌس" أبٌه؟‬
- He blamed his father because his father was the cause of his brother’s
committing suicide. His father was responsible for the dead of 21 pilots.
8- Write short notes on Joe Keller? ."‫اكتب نبذة مختصرة عن "جو كٌلر‬
- Joe Keller gave much care to money and business. He only likes to read the
want ads in the newspaper. He caused the pilots death to get money. He
justified Steve's crime by saying it was a human mistake. He was shocked
when Chris threatened to leave his house.
9- When did Ann stop visiting her father? Why?
‫متى توقفت "آن" عن زٌارة والدها؟ ولماذا؟‬
- When Larry reported missing, she felt that her father was the reason, so she
stopped visiting him.
10- What did Kate threaten to do? ‫بماذا هٌددت"كٌت" أن تفعل؟‬
- Kate threatened to kill herself.
11- Draw a character sketch for Kate? ."‫اكتب نبذة مختصرة عن شخصٌة "كٌت‬
- Kate Keller called "Mother" in the play, is the wife of Joe Keller and the mother
of Larry and Chris. She is described as having an overwhelming capacity for
love. Her life is dominated by her refusal to admit that her son Larry is dead.
12- What terrible mistake did Chris and Keller make?
‫كًل من "كرٌس وكٌلر"؟‬ ‫ما هو الخطأ الذي ارتكبه ا‬
- They were mistaken because they didn't tell his mother that Larry wouldn't
come back. As a result she believed that Larry died and so she can agree on
his marriage of Ann. Joe disagreed with Chris because there was no body or
grave to be sure that Larry died.
)32(
13- What's the function of the newspapers in the first act?
‫ما وظٌفة الجراند فً المشهد األول؟‬
- Keller thought that the newspapers are trivial as they talk about useless and
unimportant things but Kate thought the newspapers are very important as
they wrote about important things like the coming back of some boys.
14- What dream did mother have? ‫ما هو حلم األم؟‬
- She dreamt that she saw Larry flying in his plane over the house suddenly he
started to fall down and he was calling his mother. She tried to save him but
she couldn't. When she woke up, she saw Larry's tree broken. The dream
shows that Larry died but she insisted that he will come back.
15- Explain how Keller faced the people after the trial.
.‫وضح كٌف أن "كٌلر" واجه الناس بعد المحاكمة‬
- Joe Keller left his car and walked slowly in the street to face his neighbours
who believed that he was a criminal. He didn't care about their opinion
because the court set him free.

)33(
William Shakespeare (26 April 1564 (baptized) – 23 April 1616) was an English
poet and playwright, widely regarded as the greatest writer in the English language
and the world's pre-eminent dramatist. He is often called England's national poet
and the "Bard of Avon". His extant works, including some collaborations, consist of
about 38 plays, 154 sonnets, two long narrative poems, and a few other verse, the
authorship of some of which is uncertain. His plays have been translated into
every major living language and are performed more often than those of any other
playwright. Shakespeare produced most of his known work between 1589 and
1613. His early plays were mainly comedies and histories, genres he raised to the
peak of sophistication and artistry by the end of the 16th century. He then wrote
mainly tragedies until about 1608, including Hamlet, King Lear, Othello, and
Macbeth, considered some of the finest works in the English language. In his last
phase, he wrote tragicomedies, also known as romances, and collaborated with
other playwrights. Many of his plays were published in editions of varying quality
and accuracy during his lifetime. In 1623, John Heminges and Henry Condell, two
friends and fellow actors of Shakespeare, published the First Folio, a collected
edition of his dramatic works that included all but two of the plays now recognized
as Shakespeare's. It was prefaced with a poem by Ben Jonson, in which
Shakespeare is hailed, presciently, as "not of an age, but for all time."
Shakespeare was a respected poet and playwright in his own day, but his
reputation did not rise to its present heights until the 19th century. The Romantics,
in particular, acclaimed Shakespeare's genius, and the Victorians worshipped
Shakespeare with a reverence that George Bernard Shaw called "bardolatry". In
the 20th century, his work was repeatedly adopted and rediscovered by new
movements is scholarship and performance. His plays remain highly popular today
political contexts throughout the world.

)34(
 SONNET (18)
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer's lease hath all too short a date:

Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines,

And often his gold complexion dimm'd;
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance, or nature's changing course, untrimm'd;

But thy eternal summer shall not fade,

Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest;
Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou growest;

So long as men can breath, or eyes can see,

So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

Shakespeare changed the internal form of the Sonnet. He divided the 14 lines into
3 quatrains (four lines) and a heroic couplet (2 lines).

The poet opens the poem with a question to his beloved "shall I compare you to a
summer's day?" the poet answers his question in the rest of the poem and shows
that there is no such comparison. The poet goes on for the next lines to explain
this answer by explaining the negative points which can be found in a summer's
day. Then he goes in to his beloved's beauty and that it will last forever as long as
she is in his poem.

)35(
 Lines 1, 2 , 3 ,4 / The First Quatrain:
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate:
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer's lease hath all too short a date:

compare liken, say you are like

shake move violently
thee you (accusative)
lease duration of a contract of rent
All too short very short
temperate mild, moderate
buds young flowers
thou you (subject)
art are
lovely beautiful
rough not soft, wild

Shakespeare asks if he could compare his beloved to a summer's day. Then he

refuses doing so as she is more beautiful and more sweet-tempered. He mentions
why he doesn't like the idea of such comparison as a summer's day is sometimes
so windy that it roughly shakes the tiny flowers. The summer is of a short duration.

Alliteration: line 3 (do - darling) to give music

Metaphor: line 4
"And summer's lease hath all too short a date"
The poet compares the period of summer to a "lease" which has a fixed period of
time.
Rhyme Scheme: AB AB

)36(
 Lines 5, 6 , 7 ,8 / The Second Quatrain:
Sometimes too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often his gold complexion dimm'd;
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance, or nature's changing course, untrimm'd

eye of heaven the sun

complexion colour of the face
dimm'd made dim, made dull
nature's changing course the normal way by which things change
fair (n.) beautiful thing
fair (adv.) beauty
declines decay – goes away
untrimm'd having become ugly

 The sun in summer is very hot and sometimes the sky is cloudy. It is a well-
known fact that every beautiful thing at a certain point will stop being beautiful
either by an accident or naturally by time and death.

Alliteration: line 5 (hot – heaven)

line 7 (fair – from)
line 8 (chance – changing) to give music
Metaphor: line 5
"The eye of heaven shines"
The poet describes the sun as the eye of heaven
Personification: line 5
The poet gives heaven the image of a person who has an eye

Rhyme Scheme: CD CD

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 Lines 9, 10, 11, 12 / The Third Quatrain:
But thy eternal summer shall not fade,
Nor lose possession of that fair thou owest;
Nor shall Death brag thou wander'st in his shade,
When in eternal lines to time thou growest;

eternal lasting forever

fade grow dull and colorless, die
lose possession no longer possess, no longer
that fair thou owest your beauty
brag boast
thou wander'st you wander, walk
shade shadow, dark places where no sun comes
lines lines of verse
thou growest you continue to live

The poet says that his beloved's youth and beauty will be everlasting as he is sure
that his beloved will always be beautiful and never be affected by the old age,
even death will fail to put her in its dark shadow.

Metaphor: line 9
"Thy eternal music"
The poet is using summer to describe the peak of someone's life" loveliness.

Metaphor: line 12
"When in eternal lines to time thou growest"
The poet describes his beloved as living forever and reproducing through his lines.
Personification: line 11
"Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade"
The poet gives death the image of a person who is boasting.

Alliteration: line 11 (shall – shade) to give music

Rhyme Scheme: EF EF
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 Lines 13, 14 / The Couplet:
So long as men can breath, or eyes can see,
So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.

The poet’s beloved woman will actually live in his poetry which will be always read as
long as mankind exists.

Alliteration: line 14 (live – life) to give music

Rhyme Scheme: GG

- The opening lines poses a simple question which the rest of the sonnet answers.
The poet compares his loved one to a summer's day and finds him to be "more
lovely and more temperate."
- The poet discovers that love and the man's beauty are more permanent than a
summer's day because summer is tainted by occasional winds and the eventual
change of season. While summer must always come to an end, the speaker's love
for the man is eternal.
- Shakespeare changed the internal form of the sonnet. The rhyme scheme of his
sonnet is ABAB, CDCD, EFEF, GG

1. What's a sonnet? What is the difference between the Italian and

Shakespearean sonnet?
- The sonnet is a poem of 14 lines, dealing with one idea or emotion and that idea or
emotion is usually a personal one.
- The sonnet originated in Italy and in its first form was divided into 2 parts: one consisting
of 8 lines (octet), the other of 6 lines (sestet). Shakespeare changed the internal form
of sonnet. He divided the 14 lines into 3 quatrains and a heroic couplet.
2. What will make the lady's beauty everlasting? or How could Shakespeare
immortalize his beloved?
- Her beauty will be everlasting in the verse of the poet's sonnet that will be repeated
among people forever as long as men live, and as long as they read poetry.
3. In sonnet 18 Shakespeare says that poetry defeats time. Discuss.
- Shakespeare believes that poetry defeats time and death. He says that poetry prevents
death and time from forgetting the people who are mentioned in the poems.
4. Why does the poet use the repetition of certain words?
- To create internal musical patterns in the sonnet, for example: more / fair/so long.

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 5. Pick up the figures of speech in sonnet 18?
- Shakespeare used only a few traditional metaphors in this sonnet, ex.
* describing the sun as the "eye of heaven" * also the internal summer
* There is also personification in: "his gold" complexion.
6. Write short notes on Shakespeare?
- Shakespeare was born in 1564 and died in 1616. He wrote 37 plays and 134
sonnets. He is still popular because he is actually not of one age, but for all time.
7. What's the comparison of the poem? Why is it an effective comparison?
- The speaker begins by comparing the man's beauty to summer, but soon the man
becomes a force of nature himself. In the line, "thy eternal summer shall not fade,
"the man suddenly embodies summer. As a perfect being, he becomes more
powerful than the summer's day to which he was being compared.

1. Write brief synopsis about the poet.

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2. What's a sonnet? What is the difference between the Italian and the
Shakespearean sonnet?
……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...……………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………...………
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3. What will make the lady's beauty everlasting?

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4. In sonnet 18 Shakespeare said that poetry defeats time. Discuss.

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5. Why does the poet use the repetition of certain words?
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6. Pick up the figures of speech in sonnet 18?
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7. How does Shakespeare's treatment of love in Sonnet 18 differ to his later sonnets?
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8. How does Shakespeare use language and metaphor to present the young
woman's beauty in Sonnet 18?
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9. Do you think that the speaker has been successful in immortalising his love the
words of this poem? To what extent is this only a poetic idea?
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