SCIENCE-CHEMISTRY IMPORTANT QUESTIONS(27)

I. CHEMICAL REACTIONS AND EQUATIONS

Q1) In the electrolysis of water
a. Name the gas collected at the cathode and anode respectively.
b. Why is the volume of gas collected at one electrode double than that at the other? name the gas.
c. How will you test this gas?
Ans: a. Hydrogen is collected at the cathode, and oxygen is collected at the anode.
b. It is because H2O contains hydrogen and oxygen in the ratio 2:1. The gas collected double the
other (oxygen) at one electrode is Hydrogen Gas.
c. Bring a burning matchstick near the gas if the gas burns with the pop sound the gas is H2.

Q2) Define the term decomposition reaction. Give one example each of thermal decomposition and
electrolytic decomposition reactions.
Ans: Decomposition reaction: The reaction in which a compound is broken down into simple
elements or compounds.
a. CaCO3(s) ----> CaO(s) + CO2 (g)(Thermal)
b. 2 H2O(l) ----> 2H2(g) + O2(g) (Electrolytic)

Q3) Identify the type of chemical reaction in the following statement and define each of them:
a. Digestion of food in our body
b. Rusting of iron.
c. Heating of manganese dioxide with aluminum powder.
d. The blue color of copper sulphate solution disappears when iron filings are added.
e. Dilute hydrochloric acid is added to sodium hydroxide solution to form sodium chloride and
water.
Ans: a. Decomposition reaction: It is a process in which a compound is broken down into simpler
substances.
b. Redox reaction: The process in which both oxidation and reduction take place simultaneously in a
chemical reaction.
c. Displacement reaction: The reaction in which a more reactive element can displace a less
reactive element from its salt solution. (Thermite Reaction)
d. Displacement reaction: The reaction in which a more reactive element displaces a less reactive
element.
e. Neutralization reaction: The reaction in which acid reacts with a base to form salt and water.

Q4) Write the balance chemical equation with the state symbols of the following reaction.
(a) Solution of Barium Chloride and sodium sulphate in water react to give insoluble Barium
sulphate and the solution of sodium chloride.
(b) Sodium hydroxide solution (in water) reacts with Hydrochloric solution (in water) to produce
sodium chloride and water.
Ans: (a) BaCl2(aq)+ Na2So4 ---> Baso4(s) + 2NaCl(aq)
(b) NaOH(aq) + HCl(aq) ---> NaCl(aq) + H2O(l)

Q5) With the help of an appropriate example, justify that some of the chemical reactions are
determined by:
(a) Change in temperature
(b) Evolution of a gas
(c) Change in color, and give the chemical equation for the reaction involved in each case.
Ans: (a) The chemical reaction between quicklime and water to form slaked lime is characterized
by a rise in temperature. (change the temperature)
❖ CaO(s) +H2O(l) ---> Ca(OH)2(aq) +Heat
(b) The chemical reaction between zinc and dilute Sulfuric acid is characterized by the evolution of
H2 gas.
❖ Zn + H2SO4 ---> ZnSo4 + H2
(c) When a piece of iron metal is placed in a copper sulphate solution, Iron sulphate solution and
copper metal are formed. Additionally, the deep blue color of the copper solution fades and a light
green solution is formed.
❖ CuSo4(aq) + Fe(s) [Blue Solution] ---> FeSo4(aq) + Cu(s) [Green solution]

Q6) (a) Mention the four information given by equation.

(b) State the law of conservation of mass as applicable in a chemical reaction.
Ans: (a) (i) change in state
(ii) catalyst involved
(iii) physical state of reactants and products.
 (iv) conditions such as temperature, pressure etc.
(b) The total mass of elements present in the reactants has to be equal to the mass of elements
present in the products in a chemical reaction.

Q7) Why should a magnesium ribbon be cleaned before burning in air?

Ans: Magnesian Ribbon is cleaned before burning in air because a layer of magnesium oxide
forms due to the reaction between oxygen and magnesium. Sand paper is used to remove
magnesium oxide.

II. ACIDS, BASES AND SALTS

Q8) What happens when:
(a)CO2 is passed through lime water in limit?
(b) CO2 is passed through lime water in excess?
Ans: (a) Calcium hydroxide turns milky because of the formation of insoluble white precipitates
(calcium carbonate).
❖ Ca(OH)2(aq) + CO2(g) --> CaCO3(s) H2O(l)
(b) CaCO3 gets dissolved when excess CO2 is passed through lime water which results in the
formation of calcium hydrogen carbonate Ca(HCO3)2 which is soluble in water.
❖ Ca(OH)2(aq)+2CO2---> Ca(HCO3)2(aq)

Q9) (a) What will you observe when dilute hydrochloric acid is added to a small amount of copper
oxide in a beaker?
(b) An aqueous solution of HCL shows an acidic character. However, the aqueous solution of glucose
fails to do so. Why?
(c) Why curd and sour substances should not be kept in brass and copper vessels?
Ans: (a) The copper solution becomes Blue-Green and copper oxide dissolves.
❖ CuO(s)+2HCl(aq) ---> CuCl2(aq) + H2O(l)
(b) An aqueous solution of glucose does not have H+ ions, so they do not show an acidic character
but HCL can produce H+ ions therefore, it shows an acidic character.
(c) Curd and sour substances are acidic in nature which can react with copper and brass vessels
and make the substance poisonous.
Q10) How do metal carbonates and metal hydrogen carbonates react with acids? Give their
chemical equations. Name the gas evolved during the reaction. What will happen when this gas is
passed through lime water?
Ans: Hydrogen carbonate and metal carbonate react with acid to give corresponding salt, carbon
dioxide, and water.
➢ For example:
❖ Reaction with metal carbonate
• Na2CO3(s)+2HCL(aq)---> 2NaCl(aq)+H2O(l)+CO2(g)
❖ Reaction with metal hydrogen carbonate
• NaHCO3(s)+HCl(aq)-->NaCl(aq)+H20(l)+CO2(g)
Carbon dioxide is the gas that is evolved in the reaction. When carbon dioxide is passed through lime
water, it turns milky.

Q11) In the following schematic diagram the preparation of hydrogen gas is shown. what would
happen if the following changes are made?

(a) In place of zinc granules, the same amount of zinc dust is taken in the test tube.
(b) Instead of dilute sulfuric acid, dilute hydrochloric acid is taken.
(c) In place of zinc, copper turnings are taken.
(d) Sodium Hydroxide is taken in place of dilute sulfuric acid and the test tube is heated.
Ans:(a) Zinc dust has a comparatively larger surface area than zinc granules, resulting in a
faster reaction in the test tube, and hydrogen gas will evolve more quickly.
(b) Almost the same amount of gas will be evolved as both are strong acids.
(c) No reaction will take place because copper is less reactive than hydrogen.
(d) Reaction between NaOH and Zinc will occur, and hydrogen gas will be evolved.
• Zn(s)+2NaOH(aq)--->Na2ZnO2(aq)+H2(g)
Q12) A local magician was showing magic in a village street. He took egg shell and poured a
solution over it. As a result, effervescences were formed. When he took burning matchstick over it, it
went off.
(a) Identify the solution poured and the substance present in the Shell.
(b) What is the reason behind effervescences?
(c) Write its balance chemical equation.
(d) Give the common name of the substance present in the Egg shell.
Ans: (a) The solution is likely to be vinegar (acetic acid), and the substance present in the Egg
shell is calcium carbonate.
(b) The reason behind the effervescences is a chemical reaction between the Acetic Acid (vinegar)
and the calcium carbonate in the Egg shell. This reaction produces carbon dioxide gas, which is
responsible for the effervescence.
(c) The balanced chemical equation for the reaction is:
• CaCo3(s)+H20(l)+CO2(g)-->Ca(HCO3)2(aq)
(d) The common name of the substance present in the Egg shell is calcium carbonate.

Q13) (a) Write the common name of CaOCl2. How is it prepared? Write the chemical equation of
the reaction involved in the process. Give any two uses of it.
(b) Write the chemical name of washing soda. How is it prepared? Give the relevant chemical
equations.
Ans:(a) Common name of CaOCl2= Bleaching powder.
When chlorine gas is passed into dry slaked lime, Bleaching powder is formed.
• Ca(OH)2(s)+Cl2(g)--> CaOCl2(s)
Uses: (i) To disinfect the drinking water.
(ii) To Bleach cotton
(b) The chemical name of washing soda is sodium carbonate Dehydrate (Na2CO3.10H2O). When
baking soda is heated sodium carbonate is formed, then by recrystallization of water in baking
soda results in the formation of washing soda.
• NaHCO3+Heat--->Na2CO3+H2O+CO2 (Baking Soda)
• Na2Co3+10H20--->Na2CO3.10H20 (Washing Soda)
Q14) (a) Write the chemical formula of hydrated copper sulphate and anhydrous copper sulphate.
Give an activity to illustrate how these two are interconvertible.
(b) Write chemical names and formula of plaster of Paris and Gypsum.
Ans:(a) Hydrated copper sulphate=CuSO4.5H20
Anhydrous copper sulphate=CuSO4
On heating CuSO4.5H20, the water molecules evaporate and appear in the form of tiny droplets in
the upper portion of the test tube. It turns into white salt. But if you moisten the crystals again, it
will turn blue. Five water molecules are present in one formula of copper sulphate.
(b) Calcium sulphate hemihydrate=CaSO4 ½ H20
Calcium sulphate dihydrate=CaSO4.2H20

III. METALS AND NON-METALS

Q15) Name the following:
(a) a metal that is preserved in kerosene.
(b) a lustrous colored non-metal.
(c) a metal that can melt while kept on palm.
(d) a metal which is a poor conductor of heat.
Ans:(a) a metal which is preserved in kerosene- sodium
(b) a lustrous colored non-metal - iodine
(c) a metal that can melt while kept on palm- gallium
(d) a metal which is the poor conductor of heat-mercury

Q16) A metal “M” on reacting with dilute acid liberates a gas “G”. The same metal also liberates
gas “G” when it reacts with a base.
(a) Write the name of the gas.
(b) How will you test the presence of the gas?
(c) Write chemical equations for the reactions of the metal with:
(i) An acid
(ii) A base
Ans:(a) Gas “G” is Hydrogen [H2] gas.
(b) The gas produced in the experiment is passed through the soap solution. The bubbles of the gas
evolved will be formed. When a burning candle is brought near the gas filled bubble, the gas filled
in the bubble burns with a Popping sound, which is the characteristic property of H2 gas.
(c)(i) Zn can react with dilute HCl to give H2.
• Zn(s)+2HCl(g)--->ZnCl2(aq)+H2
(ii)Zn can react with NaOH to give h2.
• Zn(g)+2NaOH(aq)--->Na2ZnO2(aq)+H2 [Sodium Zincate]

Q17) Write the balanced equations for the reactions of:

(a) Aluminum when heated in air. Write the name of the product.
(b) Iron with steam. Name the product obtained.
(c) Calcium with water. Why does calcium start floating in water?
Ans:(a) 4Al(s)+3O2(g)--->2Al2O3(aq)
Product name-Aluminum Oxide
(b)3Fe(s)+4H2O(g)-->Fe3O4(aq)+4H2(g)
Product Name - Ferric Oxide
(c)Ca(s)+2H2O(l)---> Ca(OH)2(aq)+H2(g)
Calcium Starts Floating In water because Bubbles of hydrogen that are formed in the reaction stick
to calcium.

Q18) Describe electrolytic refining of copper with chemical equations. Draw a well labelled diagram
for it.
Ans: In this process, the impure metal is made at the anode and a thin strip of pure metal is
made at the cathode. A solution of the metal salt is used as an electrolyte.

The apparatus is set up as shown in figure. On passing the current through the electrolyte, the pure
metal from the anode dissolves into the electrolyte. An equivalent amount of pure metal from the
electrolyte is deposited on the cathode. The soluble impurities go into the solution, whereas, the
insoluble impurities settle down at the bottom of the anode and are known as anode mud.
At anode: Cu--->Cu2+2e-
At cathode: Cu2++2e- -->Cu

Q19) (a) Define the terms alloy and amalgam. Name the alloy used for welding electric wires
together. What are its constituents?
(b) Name the constituents of the following alloys
(i) Brass
(ii) Stainless steel
(iii) Bronze
State one property in each of these alloys which is different from its main constituents.
Ans:(a) An alloy is a homogeneous mixture of two or more metals or metal and a non-metal.
An alloy of a metal with mercury is called amalgam.
(b) Brass = copper and Zinc are mixed to make brass. Brass is used for applications with low
friction such as locks, gears, bearings etc.
(ii) Stainless steel= chromium + iron + carbon and Nickel etc.
(iii) Bronze= copper and Tin stainless steel are highly resistive towards rust, brass and bronze.

Q20)(a) What is thermite process? Where is this process used? Write the balance chemical equation
for the reaction involved.
(b) Where does the metal aluminum used in the process occur in the reactivity series of metals?
(c) Name the substances that are getting oxidized and reduced in the process.
Ans:(a) The reduction of a metal oxide to form metal by using aluminum powder as a reducing
agent is called a thermite process or reaction. A Mixture of iron (III) oxide and aluminum powder
is ignited with a burning magnesium ribbon. Aluminum reduces iron oxide to produce iron metal
with the evaluation of a lot of heat. Due to this iron metal is produced in the molten state.
• FE2O3+2AL--->2Fe+Al2O3 + Heat
The molten iron is than poured between the broken and pieces to weld them (to join them).
(b) Aluminum is used as a reducing agent in cases where the oxide is of a less reactive metal
than zinc, which cannot be satisfactorily reduced by carbon. A more reactive metal like aluminum
can displace a less reactive metal from its metal oxide resulting in the production of free metal.
For instance, moderately reactive metals such as manganese and chromium are extracted by
reducing their oxides with aluminum powder.
(c) Aluminum powder reduces the metal oxide to metal and is itself oxidized to form Aluminum
oxide.

IV. CARBON AND ITS COMPOUNDS

Q21) What are covalent compounds? Why are the different from ionic compounds? List three
characteristics properties.
Ans:(a) Unlike ionic compounds, where atoms transfer electrons to form ions, covalent
compounds involve the equal sharing of electrons between atoms.
(b) Covalent compounds are formed by the sharing of electrons between two or more atoms
typically nonmetals. These compounds consist of molecules together by covalent bonds.
▪ Characteristics of covalent compounds:
(a) Covalent compounds are often insoluble in water but are soluble in organic solvents. This is
because water is a polar solvent, while covalent compounds are typically non-polar or have weak
polarity.
(b) Covalent compounds typically have low melting and boiling points because they are composed
of electrically neutral molecules. The intermolecular force is holding the molecules together are
relatively week, so only a small amount of heat energy is required to break these forces.
(c) Covalent compounds do not conduct electricity in their pure state because they do not contain
ions. they lack the free moving charge particles (ions) necessary for electrical conductivity.

Q23) What happens when 5% alkaline potassium permanganate solution is added drop by drop to
warm propyl alcohol (propanol) taken in a test tube? explain with the help of a chemical equation.
Ans: The substance that serves as a provider of oxygen for the Oxidation reaction is refer to as an
oxidizing agent. example of oxidizing agents includes potassium permanganate and potassium
dichromate.
During this Oxidation reaction, alcohol transforms into Carboxylic acids since carbon compounds
are readily oxidized. for instance, when Propanal is heated with an alkaline potassium
permanganate solution (or acidic potassium dichromate solution), it undergoes oxidation to
produce propanoic acid. the persistence of the color of potassium permanganate throughout the
reaction indicates that it is utilized to facilitate the oxidation of alcohols into acids.
Alkaline KMNO4+Heat

➢ CH3CH2CH2-OH------------------------------------> CH3-CH2-COOH
Acidified K2Cr2O2+Heat (Propanoic Acid)
Q24) what is the difference between the chemical composition of soaps and detergents?

Q25) (a) What are soaps? Explain the mechanism of cleansing action of soap with the help of a
labelled diagram.
(b) Detergents are better than soaps justify.
Ans: (a) A soap is the sodium salt (or potassium salt) of a long-chain carboxylic acid (fatty
acid) with cleansing properties in water.
The action of soap in removing an oily spot from a piece of cloth: Soaps are molecules with two
distinct ends. One end is hydrophilic, meaning it dissolves in water, while the other and end is
hydrophobic, meaning it dissolves in hydrocarbons. When soap is on the surface of water, the
hydrophobic ‘tail’ of soap is not soluble in water. The soap aligns along the water’s surface with the
ionic end in the water and the hydrocarbon ‘tail’ extending out of the water. In water, these
molecules adopt a specific orientation that keeps the hydrocarbon portion out of the water. This is
accomplished by forming clusters of molecules where the hydrophobic tails are inside the cluster,
and the ionic ends are on the clusters surface. This structure is known as a micelle. Soap in the
form of a micelle is effective at cleaning because the oily dirt is collected in the center of the
micelle. These micelles remain in solution as a colloid and do not coalesce due to ion-ion
repulsion. As a result, the dirt suspended in the micelles is easily rinsed away.
(b) Detergents are better than soaps because of the following reasons:
1) Detergents can be used even with hard water whereas soaps are not suitable for use with hard
water.
2) Detergents have a stronger cleansing action than soaps.
3) Detergents are most soluble in water than soaps.

Q26) With the help of a balance chemical equations explain what happens when ethanol is heated
with:
(i) Alkaline solution of potassium permanganate.
(ii) Excess concentrated sulfuric acid at 443 k. Mention any two uses of ethanol.
Ans:(i) Ethanol gets oxidized into ethanoic acid.
Alkaline KMnO4

• CH3CH2OH+2[O]-----------------> CH3COOH+ H2O

(Ethanol) (Ethanoic acid)
(ii) Ethene will be formed.
Conc.H2SO4

• CH3CH2OH----------->CH2=CH2+H2O
(Ethanol) 443K (Ethene)
▪ Uses:
(i) It is used in tonics and cough syrup.
(ii) It is used as a fuel.
(iii) It is used as a solvent.
(iv) It is used in wine beer and whiskey.

Q27) What are Isomers? Write the isomers of butane and draw its structure. Why is Isomerism not
possible for the first three members of alkane series?
Ans: The organic compounds having the same molecular formula but different structures are
known as isomers.
Isomerism is not possible in first three members of Alkane series (i.e., methane, Ethane,
propane) because they contain only one, two or three carbon atoms respectively and with only 1, 2
or 3 carbon atoms, it is not possible to have different arrangements of carbon atoms.
Isomers of Butane- C4H10 [butane] & Iso-Butane[C4H10].