SHRI SHIKSHAYATAN SCHOOL

CLASS – X
SUBJECT – PHYSICS

1. A concave mirror has a focal length of 20 cm. At what distance from the mirror should a 4 cm
tall object be placed so that it forms an image at a distance of 30 cm from the mirror? Also
calculate the size of the image formed.

2. The image of a candle flame placed at a distance of 30 cm from a mirror is formed on a

screen placed in front of the mirror at a distance of 60 cm from its pole. What is the nature
of the mirror? Find its focal length. If the height of the flame is 2.4 cm, find the height of its
image. State whether the image formed is erect or inverted.

3. An object 4 cm in height, is placed at 15 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 10

cm. At what distance from the mirror should a screen be placed to obtain a sharp image of
the object. Calculate the height of the image.
4. A student wants to project the image of a candle flame on a screen 48 cm in front of a mirror
by keeping the flame at a distance of 12 cm from its pole.
(a) Suggest the type of mirror he should use.
(b) Find the linear magnification of the image produced.
(c) How far is the image from its object?
(d) Draw ray diagram to show the image formation in this case.

5. Calculate the magnification of the image of an object placed perpendicular to the principal
axis of a concave mirror of focal length 15 cm. The object is at a distance of 20 cm from the
mirror.
6. An object 4.0 cm in size, is placed 25.0 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 15.0
cm.
(i) At what distance from the mirror should a screen be placed in order to obtain a sharp
image?
(ii) Find the size of the image.
(iii) Draw a ray diagram to show the formation of image in this case.
7. (a) A concave mirror of focal length 10 cm can produce a magnified real as well as virtual
image of an object placed in front of it. Draw ray diagrams to justify this statement,
(b) An object is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a convex mirror of focal length
10 cm. The distance of the object from the pole of the mirror is 10 cm. Find the position of
the image formed.

8. (a) A security mirror used in a big showroom has radius of curvature 5 m. If a customer is
standing at a distance of 20 m from the cash counter, find the position, nature and size of the
image formed in the security mirror.

(b) Neha visited a dentist in his clinic. She observed that the dentist was holding an
instrument fitted with a mirror. State the nature of this mirror and reason for its use in the
instrument used by dentist.
 (b) Concave mirrors are used by dentist. Dentist use it as it is a converging mirror and when
used at close range forms a highly enlarged, virtual and erect image of the object.

9. (a) If the image formed by a mirror for all positions of the object placed in front of it is always
diminished, erect and virtual, state the type of the mirror and also draw a ray diagram to
justify your answer. Write one use such mirrors are put to and why?

(b) Define the radius of curvature of spherical mirrors. Find the nature and focal length of a
spherical mirror whose radius of curvature is +24 cm.

(a) If the image formed by a mirror for all positions of the object placed in front of it is
always diminished, erect and virtual then the mirror is convex mirror.
The ray diagrams for the formation of image by a convex mirror for the first position
when the object is at infinity and the second position when the object is at a finite
distance from the mirror are shown.

Use of Convex Mirrors

Convex mirrors are commonly used as rear-view (wing) mirrors in vehicles because they
 always give an erect, though diminished image. Also, they have a wider field of view as
they are curved outwards. Thus, convex mirrors enable the driver to view a large area.

(b) Radius of Curvature: The radius of the sphere of which the reflecting surface of a
spherical mirror forms a part, is called the radius of curvature of the mirror. It is

∵ The radius of curvature is equal to twice the focal length.

represented by the letter R.

10. A student has focused the image of a candle flame on a white screen using a concave mirror.
The situation is a given below:
Length of the flame = 1.5 cm
Focal length of the mirror = 12 cm
Distance of flame from the mirror = 18 cm
If the flame is perpendicular to the principal axis of the mirror, then calculate the following:
(a) Distance of the image from the mirror
(b) Length of the image
If the distance between the mirror and the flame is reduced to 10 cm, then what would be
observed on the screen? Draw ray diagram to justify your answer from this situation.
11. List the sign conventions for reflection of light by spherical mirrors. Draw a diagram and
apply these conventions in the determination of focal length of a spherical mirror which
forms a three times magnified real image of an object placed 16 cm Infront of it.

Sign Convention for Reflection by Spherical Mirrors : While dealing with the reflection of light
by spherical mirrors, we shall follow a set of sign conventions called the New Cartesian Sign
Convention, the conventions are as follows:
(i) The object is always placed to the left of the mirror. This implies that the light from the
object falls on the mirror from the left-hand side.
(ii) All distances parallel to the principal axis are measured from the pole of the mirror.
(iii) All the distances measured to the right of the origin (along + x-axis) are taken as positive
while those measured to the left of the origin (along – x-axis) are taken as negative.
(iv) Distances measured perpendicular to and above the principal axis (along +y-axis) are
taken as positive.
(v) Distances measured perpendicular to and below the principal axis (along-y-axis) are taken
as negative.
12. List the new Cartesian sign convention for reflection of light by spherical mirrors. Draw a
diagram and apply these conventions for calculating the focal length and nature of a
spherical mirror which forms a 1/3 times magnified virtual image of an object placed 18 cm
in front of it.

13. A 5 cm tall object is placed perpendicular to the principal axis of a convex lens of focal-
length 20 cm. The distance of the object from the lens is 30 cm. Find the:
(i) position
(ii) nature
(iii) size of the image formed.
14. 4.5 cm needle is placed 12 cm away from a convex mirror of focal length 15 cm. Give the
location of image and magnification. Describe what happens to the image as the needle is
moved farther from the mirror.
15. Rohit placed a pencil perpendicular to principal axis in front of a converging mirror of focal
length 30 cm. The image formed is twice the size of the pencil. Calculate the distance of the
object from the mirror.
16. A concave mirror produces three times magnified (enlarged) real image of an object placed
at 10 cm in front of it. Where is the image located ?

17. Find the size, nature and position of image formed when an object of size 1 cm is placed at a
distance of 15 cm from a concave mirror of focal length 10 cm.
Answer:
Object distance, u = -15 cm
Focal length, f = – 10 cm
Object size, h = 1 cm
Image distance, υ = ?
Image size, h’ = ?
18. An object 2 cm high is placed at a distance of 16 cm from a concave mirror which produces a
real image 3 cm high.
(i) Find the position of the image
(ii) What is the focal length of mirror?
Answer:
Object height, h = + 2 cm
Image height, h = -3 cm (real image hence inverted)
Object distance, u = -16 cm
Image distance, υ = ?
Focal length, f = ?
(i) Position of image
19. A 2 cm high object is placed at a distance of 32 cm from a concave mirror. The image is real,
inverted and 3 cm in size. Find the focal length of the mirror and the position where the
image is formed?

20. An object 4 cm in height, is placed at 15 cm in front of a concave mirror of focal length 10

cm. At what distance from the mirror should a screen be placed to obtain a sharp image of
the object. Calculate the height of the image.