TRIBITI,VAN TINIVERSIry

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING
Examinatisn Control Division
2090 Chairra

Caadidates-are required to give

their answers in their
A*ernpt 4!!questions.
Thefigtres in the margin indicate
Eall ll,Iarks.
Assume suitab/e data if nece.rro.r.

1' 4 anci back up proteetion? Explain

#ftult:fffiilv - rhe necessity of back up protection

, r""ff:?11#;3:H::,:.int vortage in relation ro cr? Briefry explain the

t5l
HH:_-{r;
c) Explain the operating eharacteristics
of IIRC- fuse"
I5l
influence their applicaiions in How do these characteristics
_ir.tri""f systems?
2" a) r)iscuss the constructional differences i6l
befween isolators and contactors,
key components and design considerationr focusing on
th"t;;;;l;it""i..rrp""tive functions.
o' of over voitages on power svstem? I6l
ffi3i,fflrl1ir;ffi:' List the rnerits and demerits
c) A 33 kv, 3 phase 50 Hz, .verhead rine lsl
60.kr\4 rong has a
to 0'01spF p"r rm' Determine,h';;;*cecapacitance to ground of
;::11:T;1i:a1 and kvA rating of the
3' a) A 3 phase 50 Hz aiternator with grounded Isl
neutral is connected toa bus bar
circuit breaker' Due to strort through a
on the rusbar ttre-cJcuit breaker
"irciii,l,I?T-r
curent is 7000 A {rrns) as shor.ur tripswhen the
d;;;*""ii; a*tirr* ,*."i".y'""rrre.
I#Lx"tr-fiKof
osciiration (ri) ii*. ,o reach the peak restriking voitage
6v;
t8l

A=Alteri:ator
L= i-SmIllp&ase
C= S-*SSSg$g&ase
b) x&at is the pu{pose cf incorporating,arcing contacts
circuit hreakekt Atuo t"pioin'il*?*"rion alongside rnain contacts in
air-break circuit breaker, ,upport*a
ofurr *nr.rs and aro splitters within an
Uy a clear diagram.
4" a) Trvo relays Rl
and R2 are connected in two t8l
scctions of a. feedei" as sho*m
cf's ratio 1000 / s a. The piug sening
are of in figure.
The operating time characreristic'"f-*h;';;[r;of reray nt"iu too % and ItZ is IZ5 %.
setting of the relay RI is fi.3- tu ;ir;"- bercw" The time
multiprier
rt * ,i*" guuaing il;; has a discriminative rime
margin of 0'5 s between relays'
a thre" irr-r"--ir-r'r
operating times "i*rr, at F resurts in a fault
oi ni n:. .pr,*tlulnl ,i**
ffiilil,:"';'-i?:-t #;iiiil:'*r una
l6j
Ti*t* ia u**"68ffi
 b) A22A/110 kV - 150 MVA transformer is protected by percentage differential relay.
The lIV and LV sides are delta and star connected respectively. ihe CT ratio of delia
side is 40015 and the ratio of star side is 1600i5. Ditemrini (i) The CT secondary
curreats at fuil load, (ii) The relay current at full load, (iii) The relay cunent seuing
for 90 % loading.
r6I
c) Explain tiie working principle of impedance type distance relay and also explain its
application area.
t4l
5. a) Discuss t?te advantages and lirnitations of static relays over electrornagnetic relays.
AIso explain the main components of a static relay with the help of bloclidiagram"
t8l
b) Hxplain the *perating principies of static overvoltage and undenoltage relays.
FIow
do these relays detect abnormal votriage conditions and initiate protective actions to
prevent equiprnent damage?
t8l
***
 T1).] B,LIU VAN LJNIVLP.S ITY
i - ---,, _ .q*-dewry+-$ii4$lfrtfrlF$lpi}X.E*}eedd{glw&E*Ffu+n*ti
N.;S;"|J NjTE OF ENGINEERING I Lcvel EE Fu[t lifarks S0
Itrxaxlination Coretrotr Division
2479 Cbaitra

$ ubi99t:, Srvitcfrg_ea1 and Prote_crion (m os I

Thefigures in the margin indicate Full Marks.

Assurue suitable data if necessary.
t. a) Why the protective zones are aranged in overlap fashion? Discuss in brief the various
essential qualities of Protective Relaying. t6-

b) Explain knee point voltage in CT rvith the help of necessary plots. Explain its
irnportance in selection of CT for protection system. ts.
c) Discuss the method of selecting the rating of FIRC fuse in motor stator. I5r
L" l

2. a) Although CB can be used to isolate the circuit, rvhy r,,,e need isolator? Explain u4iy
we use isolator and circuit breaker simultaneiir"rsly, ivith a neat diagram. t6t
L"l

b) Explain in detail about the need and different t1,pes of lighting protection scheme. t5l
c) In a 5AHZ overhead line, the capacitance of one line to earth was 1.5 prF. It rvas
decided to use an eafih farilt neutralizer. Calculate the reactance to neutralize the
capacitance of(i) 100% of length of the line (ii) 90?6 of length of line. isl
3. a) What is the difference betrveen restriking voltage and recovery voltage? I4.I
b) A 50 IJz, 11 kV generator is connected to a po\\'er s1'stem. The system inductance alid
capacitance per phase are 10 mH and 0.02 pF respectivell,. Calculate: t6]
i) Maximutn voltage across tire contacts of the CB at an instant w'hen it passes
though zero.
ii) Frequency of transient oscillation.
iii) Average late of rise voltage up to the first peak of oscillation, neglect the
resistance.

c) Describe with neat sketch the constmction and principle of operation of a air blast
circuit breaker. t6l
4. a) Witli neat diagram explain the various types of eiectromagiretic relays and their field
of application. t8l
b) A 20MVA transfonner i,vhich is used to operate at 3AoA overload feeds an ilkV
busbars through a circuit breaker. The transformer Circuit Breaker is equipped lvitir a
1000/5 CT and feeder Circuit Breaker r,vith 400/5 CT and both the CTs feeds IDMT
relays having following characteristics: tS]
Plue Settine Multipliers i 2 J 5 10 15
a
20
Time in Second i0 6 4.1 J 2.5 2.2
The relay on the feeder CB has 125% piug setting and a 0.3 Time Multipliers setting. If a
fault cunent of 5000 A flows from the transformer to the feeder. Determine:
i) Operating time of feeder relay
ii) Suggest suitable plug setting and time multipiier setting of the transformer relay to
ensure adequate discrimination of 0.5s beiu,een transfomrer and feeder relay.

5. a) Discuss tlie advantage and iimitations of static relays over electromagnetic relays.
Also rnention the main cornponents of static rela.y. t
LLI
t,l

b) With the heip of neat block diagram, explain the fuiiction of Directional Static
Overculrent relav. t8l
4.**3
 TREBEU'VrCN UNIaERSITY .' Exam. Resular :

INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Level i BE i Full Marks i 80

Exarnination Control Division Programme i BEL Marks i 32

i 'Pass

2ffI& Chaitra Year/Part iIII/[ iTime i3hrs.

Subject: - Switchgear and Protection {EE 651)

Candidates are required to give their answers in their as Iar as
Attempt AtE questions.
I
T AfA
Thefigures inthemargin indicate Full Marks.
Assume suitable data if necessary.

l. a) The systcm of frg. i(a) is rearranged as shown in fig.l (b) where the bus arrangeil\ent
at B has been changed to a ring bus arrangement' i6l
0 Compare the operation of the f,vo systems for when a fault occurs on line BC with
a. A failure ofbreaker 7.
b. A failure of breaker 6"
ii) Sketch the zone of Protection.

Load 2

Fig.l (a)

L,oadZ

Fis.l (b)

b) A current kansformer is connected in 400 V system and has 1 turn on its prirnary and
180 turns on its secondary. An ammeter with 0.i5 Q intemal resistance is connected
to CT" The ammeter is requireri to give a full. scale deflection when the primary
cunent is 900 AmPs" Calculate :
i) The maximurn secondarv current
rdt
ii) Secondary r'oltage at eT tenninals when ammeter is removed.
 a) Explaia the cut-off characteristics and the time-current characteristics of a fuse. I6l
b) Explain the construction and operating principle of contactor" Draw the circuit
diagram for remote control of a contactor. I6l
c) Describe the protection of stations and sub-statiors against direct lighting strokes. 16I

3. a) In a short circuit test on a 22A kY 3-phase system, the breaker gave the foilowing
results: p.f, of the fautt 0.45, recovery voltage 0.9 of full line value; the breaking
current is symmetrical and the reskiking transient had a natural frequency of 18 klIZ.
Determine the rate of rise of reshiking voltage. Assume that the fault is grounded. t6l
b) Calculate breaking capacity in MyA and making capacity in kA of a 3 phase circuit
breaker with follou'ing parameters.

Rated current: 800A; Rated voltage = 33kV; Ir,,y*:25 kA t4l

c) Describe ihe working of cross jet explosion pot in bulk oil circuit breaker r.vith a neat
sketch. t6l
4. a) Erplain the rvorking o{' gas operated Buchholz relay used for the proteciion of a
transformer. State its limitations and advantages. t6l
b) A 3-phase transfb:mer ra'red for 33 kvi6.6 kV is connected star/delta and tlte
protecting cui-rcnt transfonner on the low yoltage side haye a ratio of 40i)/5.
Determifle the raiio of the current translcnner on the HV side. t6]
c) The time rnr:ltiplier setting of reiay i is ti.2 and tire time grading margin trretween the
relays is 0.3 second, Detcnnine the tinte of operatioir of trvo relays. i8]

Relay I
Phrg setting: 150 ?5 Phrg setling = 12514

2 3.6 5 9"23 13.33 16 20

-lsM
Timoln s"g 10 6 3.9 2.9 2,.8 )1 2.1

5. a) Name the different tlpe', sf Static Relays. Discuss ihe advantage and disadvantage of
Staiic Relay as a proiectiv'device. t8l
b) With ilre help of a blcck diagr*$ explain the tlnctir:ning cf static distance reiay. t8l

'+{'
 TRIBHWAN I.]NIVERSITY Exam. Resular
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING LeVel BE Full Marks 80

Exarnination Control Division Programme BEL Pass Marks 32

207? Chaitra Year I Part rII/il Time 3 hrs.

Subject: - Switchgear and Protection (EE 651)

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
Anempt All questions.
Thefigures in the margin indicate FullMarhs.
Assume suitable data if necessary.

1. 4) Explain briefly about primary and backup protection. t6l

b) Why voltage Transformer are required in Protection system. Also describe the
construction of CCVT? 14l
c) Define ftsiilg current and current carrying capacity of a frise with an example. 16l
2. a) How contactors are used to control and protect the motor? Explain ttre working
principle of scheme with suitable necessary circuit. tsl
b).Explain the methods of overvoltage protection of electrical equipments. t5I
c) A 90km long 66kV, 50Ha 3 phase overhead line has capacitance to earth equal to
0.02 pF per km. What should be the inductance and kVA rating of the arc suppression
coil. t6l
3. a) DeJermine the rated symmetuical breaking circuit, making current and short time
rating of a circuit with following pararneters. t4l
33kV, 1500A, 3000MVA, lsec
b) Define foilowingterms:
(i) Recoveryvoltage
(ii) Re-sdking voltage
(iiilRRRV
Also, deriye an expression for the resriking voltage in terms of system inductance
andcapacitance. t6]
c) Describe the construction and working principle and application area of a vacuum
circuitbreaker. t6l
4- a) As shown in figure, the relay at B has a plug setting of 125% and TMS of 0.2. The
circuit breakers take 0.20sec to clear the fault and the relay error in each case is 0.15
sec. For a plug setting of 200% on the realy A, determine the minimum TMS on that
relay for it not to operate before the circuit braker at B has cleared the fault. A relay
operating time curve shown in table. t6j

lr = 16000 A
 IDMT characteristic:
PSI\,1 2 3.5 5 6.5 8 10 12 14 16
Operatins Time (sec) 10 6 5 4 3.15 J 2.9 2.5 2

b) What is an impedance relay? Explain its opqrating principle, torque equation and
operaring characteristics for impedance relay? :, t6]
c) A 3 phase 66000/6600 V star/delta transformer is protected by Merz-Frice system.
What will be the ratio of current transformer is protected by Merz-Price system. What
will be the ratio of cunent transformer on the high voltage side if the current
ftansformers on the low voltage side have a ratio of 40015 A. t4l
5. a) Explain the working principle of static differential relay with the poper block
diagram and circuit diagram. t8l
b) Define compamtor and explain its types used in static relay. t8l
,t rB*
 14 TRIBHUVAN UNIVEI(SITY Exam. nliidt$Xill#iNltl&,i II l, :ReSUlar I' i: lr': r,r,ll:*il,&Tdirt
INSTITUTE OF ENGINEERING Lgv.e! .- -iiBE
", ' -" -"."- "-- . I rulttrt^1p 1so, I
Examination Control Division Programme i BEL i Pass Marks ; 32 i

2075 Bhadra Xgg.i.Llrt_- .,IYI ._ IiT"_e i i I 1r.,. i

Subjeet: - Switch Gear and Protection (EE6S|)

Candidates are required to give their answers in their own words as far as practicable.
Auempt All questions-
The figures in the margin indicate FUll Marks..
Assume suitable data if necessary.

1. a) What are the basic requirements of projection scheme? Differentiate between a

protective system and protective scheme. t6i
b) Explain why the secondary of CT should not be left open and secoudary of PT should
be short circuited. t4l
c) Write short notes on the following:
[3+3]
i) Lowvoltage HRC fuse
ii) Drropoutfuse
2. a) What are the basis difference between Isolator and circuit breaker? Explain why we
use isolator and circuit breaker simultaneously? t6l
b) A 33 kv, 3 phase 50 Hz, overhead line 60 km long has a capacitance to ground of
each line equal to 0.015 prF per km. Determine the inductance and KVA rating of the
petemon eoil.
lsl
c) What are the factors affecting soilresistivity? How car we reduce earth resistance? 15l
3. a) The system inductance per phase of a system is I mH and the frequency of transient
oscillation is 10.273 kHz. If a50H2,6.6 kV generator is connected to that system.
Calculate t4l
i) Max voltage across the contacts of the CB at an instant when it passes through
zeto.
ii) System capacitance perphase
iii) Average rate of rise of voltage up to the first peak of oscillation, neglect resistance
b) Compare the performance and characteristics and working principle of : i8l
i) Minimum oil circuit breaker Vs Back oil circuit brdaker
ii) Air blast circuit breaker Vs puffer types SF6 circuit breaker
c) Explain the operation of auto reclosure. t4l
4. a) Describe the construction and principle of operation of induction type directional
over-current relay. Explain IDMT characteristics and how they are obtained in an
inductiontyperelay. tS1
b) A 125 MvA, 2201132 kv three phase power transformer is protected by percentage
differential relays. The curent transfomers located on HV and LV sides of the power
transformer are 400/5 A and 1,20A/5 respectively. If the HV side is detta connected
and the LV side is star conaected, determine: t4]
i) The output line currents of both CT at full load
ii) The relay currentat lSYo overload
iii) The minimum relay current setting to permit 25% overload
 c) It is given that fauit current level at 33KV side is 2700A, CT ratio at 33 KV side is
200:1 and 132 KV side is 100:1 (figure below). If both the relays Rl and R2 are set
for 100% plug setting, determine the operating time for boththe relays when time
grading margin of 0.6 second is given and TMS for relay Rl is 0.i5. (PSl@Operation
Time graph is given below)
t4l
138 kt
'r$fJ5s'*$

*I
It
a'
13
f
{}
(>
{r}
rf,
s
E
TB
p
L
s,
*
B
o

5. a) Explain essential cornponents of a static relay with block diagram. l8l

b) Explain carrier curent protection and bus bar protection with.suitable diagram.
t8l