Rotation 1 2023

By
Shyam Mohan Bhaiya
 "]
•
°
Rotation about a fixed axis OO and about a fixed centre P fixed
axis of rotation
R
.

A disc
of radius

is • tah "
'T
"

horizontal plane C¥.,,,÷¥¥¥%% '

with
angular velocity w .
→
W

P is called centre rotation

of
06 : Axis of rotation . .

Passing through

Aine
centre

the
of rotation P
plane of rotation
and

.
Perpendicular to

Disc is a
group of particles rotating
in concentric circles all centred at P .

Let us consider a particle A. tow .

tangential velocity __v

A- 2
j i

If Tw
.

is variable
sedgy
w
, =

a+ where
2--1=0
 points in
HenawetalkabontwÉd
W is same for all a
rigid body

for all Particles

Similarly
wecantalkabont✗cfd
✗ will also be same

Tangential velocity a- sew

of all particles
is
different as x is diff for all
particles .
Particles close to axis are

rotating in smaller radius a so

are slower than particles at

where
circumference x=R
-

Rotation about fixed axis .

A is at distance from axis

i. →
x .

DIII
a- - radius
both around W

why
Ar of A =

Atan of
A = xx I
W
if of
-

sew P : centre
una
= .

axis Dentation rotation

 wandd.mil/descnbemAioncfrigidbody.f9fw
9fwwanddareopposi6thenwdecoea
and ✗ are in same direction (both clockwise

⑨or both anticlockwise

) then w ai creases .

describe
we and ✗
by words
Ig
w
anticlockwise

p
clockwise & anticlockwise .
w .

←w
•

But representing
arrows w

✗
them lie along axis
Irt plane
of rotation
Anticlockwise word means its
arrow will come OUT
of
the plane of rotation .

Direction
of rotation (motion ) gives us directimoofw
and NOT ✗ .
 Yoder displacement
982
=

•
-
A .

i.
.

pit c. if
'

'

B
A-
-
- - - n - - .

1 Q
D ÷
r
's
°
B
-
O ei same
,

for all lines

,

a
☐
in body .

① ⑤ D= angular
dis p of body
 Rotation with constant angular acceleration ✗ =
constant .

wf=wiwI=wi+2
O=wgtttz✗ No
of revolutions %
.
= .

¥ do = wdt
Ew

F- =
✗
fÉÉ=§dt q-w
Wi o

wddF= ✗
§wdw=f&do o
Wi

particle Rigid body wf~=wi i

Mje ,
kinematics

v Nw

a - a
.

7
 f- uniform

wi-ZOE-wf-40nwf-wc.tt
.

+ =/ 0sec .

wf=w
?
,
-12×0 No .

of rotations
-_¥= ?
D= witttzxtz
A-
tzlwitaf )t e→S=C¥)t .

| rigid body
-

. particle
rsflywheel .

#É axis
 Rotation with variable angular acceleration

&
✗= dwldt ✗ =
wdwldo .

¥Ip .
✗ f- uniform non-uniform ✗

.=÷÷÷:]
✗ RW resign is

[÷→
-

= -

due to retardation not

wj-w.it 2×0
.

. valid

.
As tri not given ✗ is
,
nonuniform .

D= n( zit ) n' given , we use :

=Yd¥ - dw¥
✗
try;
-

%fdw= of
,

kfdo WE -
WE -42m¥
0
two

#
→
Idw =
-

kfdo 0
_w÷=
-

KO

Wo /2 O

Wo Wo 0 1 2nF
-
/z→ divide
=

F
.

Er Eta
2nF
? D=
D= 2nF
nmwerd-ak.ms needed .
⑨ n' correct
 Kinetic Energy of a rigid body in rotation about a fixed centre P
Particle REEK .
. 0
fixed
E- via F-ext-MA.cm axis of rotation
.

k=£m¥ Knyid ?
✓ body
using Emine :{ ¥ "

desire
Krigidboly
.

W
N , Nz Nz

koigidbody-S.hn Of Ball
KE
- - - -

are distances of
dmi dmz from
& particles in body
.O•
.

axis .

K =
tldmlvittzdmzvittzdmsjvit . -
*

t-tldmpaiwtl-zdmza.it - -
- - -
.sn .

K= If @ mini + Cdm)ait @ Dorit - - -

]w2
Rigid Body → particle
1<=1-27*2 '
1<=1-2762
of inertia
'

→
'

moment
-
-
-
- -

about axis through P .

 's

year
.

Moment of Inertia

.ñ→•
I about an axis is

summation
of terms
Mass) xoadiusgmea.my i
-

Je -2
mz
for each partition !→%dm ,
I
__f@m)ñ has
as

a
this
terms
sum

/
each only small
1. NÉE single Particle .

I =
4dm )ñ -
'

9- term
,
→
' malone
contains
F-
-
i

rotating in
I=MR~
- -

Nadim R
1
2. RINI about axis Ir b- plane of ring

passi-yth-e.fr#iI=dmDni-@mDai---
€F¥a
→

As has all panicles

ring
.

R
µ
. .
- → .

at radius R from axis

,
axis

N
, =Nz=Nz= -
-
-

= R

I -1dm ,)ÑtfdmzÑ+ - .
. . = Cduytduzt - -

)Ñ
I = MRZ about axisthwghcm
tr to plane
?⃝
B.
toEf .

÷÷÷÷:*
entire
curved
man

surface
is on

so at

from Axis ✗ FYE R co axis

- . .
.

.
.

I -1dm ,)Ñt@mDR4 - -
- *

R2 about axis through

Icq M
parallel to
cm
length .

's
Wax

¥j¥
± : "

axis
through CM tr to
/
thin Plate
the plane of plate

§¥r
:

5. Sdidcylinder .

about axis solid

¥ £ MRZ through cm
parallel b- by #
 Solidsphene
¥→%µd
6.

axisthwyh
CM sphere
1
.

7. toll-free ¥rIem
axis
Iim=§m through cm .
I
there

's
8. ThinR fax
.

¥tn%fÉcmA-B
t-rtowd-yr-t.cm
T÷a×¥Iod !ÉB endtr

*
q.su#d-
•

÷
.

e.
* em
axis through CM parallel b
s

h ei
to height .

%U4bY .
;
 of Inertia
[mae if
Moment is more

man lies
away from axis .

Non -

uniform ROD of .

07 ! A

p increases from OGA density .

at distance ✗ from left
① Io pfn)=a b ¥ .

f- Gless
more mass .

Aib are 1- re contacts

aoiiiiaij f- atbe
÷
-
.

Maman is located faraway

A) IA
>
Io
IA
g-
i -
i
-

i
i
-

*
B) If
< Io ¥
's
is
:^* c) IA Io
more mom
.

located to axis
D) Nothing
near
can be said
.

I =
@m ) Nitldmililztldmsast - -
*
.

if more masses are tooled away

from axis
,
n , n n > will be more -

I will be more -
?⃝
 µ; .tn#T-
for all bodies
?
Parallel Axis Theorem .

passing through
An axis Cm

of body
;
is shown
a
rigid .

Let Icm be moment

of : i.
inertia about this axis

|
/
.

Axes Parallel
Inertia about
moment
of any to each
other axis parallel to Icm , other

I=IcmtMh f- separation
the parallel
between
axes
.

One axis must pass through car for this result .

for only thin plates G D

bodied
Perpendicular Axis Theorem -

9T is
applicable on thin plates or 2-D bodies .
.

Cannot be applied to 3-D like sphere cone

ZLgY
, , ,

cylinder .

in
consider a plate Gif
XY plane .

In = moment
of inertia thin plate .

about ✗ axis .

of taxis
Ig = moment inertia about
moment
of inertial about
.

Iz==atIyz= Zaxistrbpkueofplale
 axiscg Normal to plate

"

'
;of¥mñ
(known tons

I
I = Moment
of inertia
about Diameter .

tr axis theorem :

-1cm = It I

about normal

MÑ 21
I
=

Idiot ¥ Mpr
 How to derive Moment of Inertia

1 .

DiwdbdymbdpaA.de mats) .

LTmass.cat
2 .
Consider one part from these N parts .

Location size '

i p a

t.IM#-
'

'

Consider an
Nlg small
element '
'

between coordinates
-

located
I da .

N and Rtd a -

axis .

P and Q
Size → da cat at

Leda
dm -
& consider PQ as a
mass
.

→
part -

find
3 .

-
moment
of Inertia
of this considered small element
-
.
.

dI= ? Here for a rod .

dI= @ mind Pam 'd

,
al
=(Fda)

4) Integrate
-
I=fdI to get
I .

JAI dIitdIztdIst terms

→
I
- -

= = .

Derive aiming
=%Fd4 " =

I ye ?
 I
#
for a circular Ptak -

concentric

Consider
of
2 . a
ring inner
radius n and outer radius
Draw circles
at da .
on plate .

Cut
inner perimeter = ZTN
along the circles

outer perimeter = Zinaida) with a

cutting blade .

Cut this
ring
& spread ite open .

*
¥ "

area = DA = Zita da
→

(as small dn= radial width

only
we can
da is ,
of ring .

take rectangle )
"

it as a

If we
integrate off ,

ftp.fz#adng
#
mass -_ dm = we

a
can derive area

circle .

R
3 . find dI= ? use formula of A=fdA=f2iTndn
a
ring
[email protected] I
.
o

,¥2# )
= a da ad
 §¥¥ Linda
'

4) fd
a
I = I =

I= a