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EARLY CIVILIZATION AND THE RISE OF STATE

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Joyce Lorraine
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31 views6 pages

EARLY CIVILIZATION AND THE RISE OF STATE

Uploaded by

Joyce Lorraine
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as DOCX, PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EARLY

CIVILIZATION AND
THE RISE OF STATE
EARLY CIVILIZATION AND THE RISE OF STATE

•Civilization
-comes from the Latin words "civis" which refers to one who is inhabitants of a city and
"civets" which refers to the urban community in which one dwells.

-is highly organized society marked by advanced knowledge of trade, government, arts,
science and often time written language.

-civilization describes a complex way of life that came about people began to develop
networks of urban settlements. The earliest civilization developed between 4000 & 3000 B.C.E.

•First Civilizations
-appeared in major rivers valleys where flood plains contained rich soil and the river
provided irrigation for crops and a means of transportation.

•Foundational Civilizations
-developed urbanization and complexity without outside influence and without building on
a pre-existing civilization, though they did not all develop simultaneously.

FOUR EARLY RIVER VALLEY CIVILIZATION


(4500-6000 years ago)

•MESOPOTAMIA CIVILIZATION (8000-2000 B.C.)


-was a very dry area. However, irrigation canals allowed agriculture to develop. The
development of agriculture provided water and fertility to the land of the valleys of the river. It's
name derived from Ancient Greek "between two rivers".

-writing appeared in Mesopotamia over 5000 years. This invention was very import- ant that
it marks the end of prehistory, and the beginning of history.
- CUNIEFORM is one of the first writing system.

City-States
-although all cities shared the same culture, each has its own government, rules, warriors,
patron god, and functioned like independent country.

Social Classes:
1.Priest and aristocrats (kings)
2.Civil Servants: scribes
3.Ordinary Workers: Craftsmen, merchants, peasants

•The Sumerians, The first Civilization


Sumerian Inventions
•potter’s wheel
•plow
•personal cylinder seals
•number system
•sundial
•metal knives
•calendar
•sail
•glass jewelry
•medicine

•Egyptian Civilization(Ancient Egypt)(3100-332B.C.)

-one of the most important civilizations in history. It emerged more than 5000years ago,along
the river Nile in the north east of Aftica. Hieroglyphics is a form of writing.The term "per-aa"
means the "great house ".
- Egyptians called their king as Pharaoh.
The Pharaoh was all powerful:

*He passed laws


*He ruled the country
*He owned most of the land
*He controlled trade and led the armies

Egypt divided into two cities:


*Lower egypt in the north and
*Upper egypt in the southern portion of the country.

• INDIAN CIVILIZATION (3300 BCE-1300 BCE

- spanning an area stretching from northeast Afghanistan, through much of Pakistan, and into
western and northwestern India. Derived its name from riven indus, which is the main river of
the region.

2 MAJOR CITIES:

•MOHENJO-DARO

-to the north is a citadel, oro oraised area. The citadel is built on an archi tectural platform about
45 feet above the plain.

•HARAPPA

-the upper site of Malley the civilisation city was situated named Harappa. This Civilization is
also called Harappa Civilization
•TRADE & TRANSFORTATION
-Economy depended significantly on trade which facilitated by advanced transportation.
-They I were the first one to use wheeled transport.

•GOVERNMENT

•There was no single ruler but several: Mohenjo-daro had society had no ruler so they enjoyed
equal stortus a seperature ruler, Harappa society had no ruler so they enjoyed equal status.

-They believed in many gods like Indra (war god) and Yama (death God) sepature ruler, Harappa
Prithivi mata (earth mother), Surya (sun god),indra (war god)and Yama (death God).

•Ancient china (Huang He) (2100-1600 BCE.)


The first Chinese dynasty
-The Huang He (Hwang Hu) river valley was the birth place of Chinese civilization is often
called "Mother River".

•Myth and Legends


-Like other early civilizations the ancient Chinese myths to explain the creation of their world.
People practiced polytheism.

-One myth is about a great hero named Yu. According the legend Yu dug the first channels to
control the flood waters of the Huang He. They believed their main god, Shang Di, a mother
goddess brought plants ang animals.

•Seeking guidance from ancestors


-Shang kings believed that they received their power to rule from the gods or their
wisdom from their ancestors.

-The kings asked for help by using oracle bones. Oracle bones scripts were their ancient writing
system.
•BASIC CHARACTERISTICS OF CIVILIZATION/CITY

1.LARGE SIZE AND POPULATION(urbanized)


•Catalhoyuk - a compact 9500 years old settlement in south central turkey.

-tightly packed houses which were structurally similar to one another for it's more than 5000
inhabitants.

- House walls were covered with all sorts of paintings and bas reliefs.

2.ORGANIZED PLANNING BY A CENTRAL AUTHORITY


Mohenjo-daro - an urban center with a population of atleast 2000 was built on an artificial
mound, safe from flood waters

-The streets were laid

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