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1. What is the term for the psychosocial concept of maleness or femaleness?
a. sex
b. gender
c. androgyny
d. chromosomal sex
ANSWER: b

2. The fact that Brooke has XX chromosomes refers to her:

a. genetic sex.
b. anatomical sex.
c. gender identity.
d. sexual type.
ANSWER: a

3. The fact that Ryan views himself a man refers to his:

a. anatomical sex.
b. gender role.
c. gender identity.
d. gender type.
ANSWER: c

4. Two aspects of our biological sex are:

a. gonadal sex and gender sex.
b. chromosomal sex and gender identity.
c. genetic sex and anatomical sex.
d. physical sex and psychological sex.
ANSWER: c

5. Why do your textbook authors use the term “other sex” instead of “opposite sex”?
a. To emphasize that men and women are more different than alike
b. The term opposite sex overstates the differences between males and females
c. To emphasize controversy in human sexuality
d. To stay focused on the gender-binary
ANSWER: b

6. When we meet someone new and identify them as a man or woman, we will expect them to behave in certain ways.
This illustrates the concept of:
a. gender assumptions.
b. gender identity.
c. gender roles.

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d. sexual orientation.
ANSWER: a

7. Gender roles are most influenced by which of the following?

a. Biology
b. Cultural expectations
c. Gender identity
d. Sexual orientation
ANSWER: b

8. This is a gender description for a person whose biological sex assigned at birth matches their gender identity.
a. transgender
b. gender non-binary
c. cisgender
d. agender
ANSWER: c

9. Roberto meets his female neighbor, and based on her sex, makes predictions about her behavior. He is:
a. exercising gender roles.
b. making gender assumptions.
c. asserting his gender identity.
d. exhibiting androgynous behavior.
ANSWER: b

10. When Naveah starts a new job, the male employee who trains her is very friendly and encouraging. Naveah says to
herself, “He’s a guy . . . he probably just wants to sleep with me.” Naveah may be:
a. displaying gender roles.
b. expressing her gender identity.
c. displaying an accurate assessment of gender differences.
d. making a gender assumption.
ANSWER: d

11. Gender role refers to:

a. attitudes and behaviors considered appropriate in a specific society for people of a particular sex.
b. an individual’s decision that they wish to be male or female.
c. the perceptions of maleness or femaleness that you make of others.
d. subtle demonstrations of sexuality.
ANSWER: a

12. When asked whether she is a boy or girl, three-year-old Marga enthusiastically states, “I’m a girl!” Marga’s response
indicates that she has a clearly defined:
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a. gender role.
b. sexual orientation.
c. gender type.
d. gender identity.
ANSWER: d

13. When his older sister teases him, nine-year-old Tyrone does not cry because he has learned that boys are not supposed
to cry. This exemplifies the concept of:
a. gender identity.
b. sexual orientation.
c. gender role.
d. gender type.
ANSWER: c

14. Donna is a meticulous housekeeper who has never worked outside the home because she believes it would distract her
from her primary concern in life, her five children. Donna sees her husband as head of the household, and she always
defers to his judgment. Donna is worried about her 12-year-old daughter, Mary, because Mary refuses to wear dresses,
talks back to her older brothers, and wants to be a firefighter when she is older. Donna and Mary appear to have different
views on the issue of:
a. gender roles.
b. sexual orientation.
c. chromosomal sex.
d. gender identity.
ANSWER: a

15. Which of the following statements is true?

a. Gender identity, by definition, is always consistent with biological sex.
b. Gender role expectations are largely consistent across cultures.
c. Genetic sex and anatomical sex are two aspects of gender identity.
d. Genetic sex is determined by our sex chromosomes.
ANSWER: d

16. How one psychologically perceives oneself as either male or female is known as:
a. maleness and femaleness.
b. gender identity.
c. gender expression.
d. gender role.
ANSWER: b

17. Our biological sex is determined by:

a. hormones.
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b. the chromosomal makeup of the sperm and ovum at conception.
c. the 21st pair of chromosomes.
d. the biological mother.
ANSWER: b

18. Under normal circumstances, if a sperm carrying a(n) ____ sex chromosome fertilizes an egg carrying a(n) ____ sex
chromosome, a male fetus is produced.
a. X; X
b. X; Y
c. Y; X
d. Y; Y
ANSWER: c

19. Which statement about autosomes is true?

a. They differ in males and females and are the primary determinant of sexual differentiation.
b. They come from the biological mother, whereas sex chromosomes come from the biological father.
c. They are the same in males and females and do not significantly affect sex differentiation.
d. They come from the biological father, whereas sex chromosomes come from the biological mother.
ANSWER: c

20. Except for the reproductive cells, human body cells contain:
a. 22 chromosomes.
b. 46 chromosomes.
c. 92 chromosomes.
d. 23 chromosomes.
ANSWER: b

21. The sex hormones begin to play an important role in sex differentiation:
a. at conception.
b. by about six weeks after conception.
c. by about two months after conception.
d. only at puberty.
ANSWER: b

22. The original mass of sexual tissue begins to differentiate into male or female gonads approximately how many weeks
after conception?
a. 1 week
b. 6 weeks
c. 12 weeks
d. 20 weeks

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ANSWER: b

23. The maleness-determining gene is called:

a. androgen receptor gene.
b. DHT.
c. SRY.
d. DSS.
ANSWER: c

24. In the absence of SRY, and perhaps under the influence of the DSS, undifferentiated gonadal tissue develops into:
a. ovaries.
b. the uterus.
c. fallopian tubes.
d. the urethra.
ANSWER: a

25. Which of the following hormones helps to regulate the menstrual cycle and to stimulate development of the uterine
lining in preparation for pregnancy?
a. estrogen
b. progesterone
c. androgen
d. estradiol
ANSWER: b

26. Which of the following produces female secondary sex characteristics and helps regulate the menstrual cycle?
a. estrogens
b. progestational compounds
c. androgens
d. Wolffian ducts
ANSWER: a

27. Which of the following statements regarding estrogens is true?

a. Estrogens influence the development of female physical sex characteristics.
b. Estrogens are secreted by the ovaries.
c. Estrogens influence sexual motivation in both sexes.
d. A main function of estrogen is to stimulate the development of the uterine lining in preparation for
pregnancy.
ANSWER: b

28. Which of the following influences the development of male physical sex characteristics and affects sexual desire for
both males and females?
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a. progesterone
b. Müllerian-enhancing substance
c. estrogen
d. androgen
ANSWER: d

29. Structures that appear during prenatal development and become the uterus, fallopian tubes, and inner third of the
vagina are known as:
a. Skene’s ducts.
b. Femanilian ducts.
c. Wolffian ducts.
d. Müllerian ducts.
ANSWER: d

30. Structures that appear during prenatal development and become the vas deferens, seminal vesicles, and ejaculatory
ducts are known as:
a. cryptorchidic ducts.
b. inguinal canals.
c. Wolffian ducts.
d. Müllerian ducts.
ANSWER: c

31. Differences between the male and female hypothalamus are associated with the presence or absence of ____ during
prenatal differentiation.
a. Müllerian-inhibiting substance
b. progesterone
c. testosterone
d. estrogen
ANSWER: c

32. DHT is a hormone that is necessary for the development of the:

a. Müllerian ducts.
b. gonads.
c. male external genitals.
d. female external genitals.
ANSWER: c

33. During prenatal development, in the absence of testosterone the genital tubercle will develop into the:
a. scrotum and testes.
b. clitoris.
c. labia majora.
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d. glans of the penis.
ANSWER: b

34. During prenatal development, the presence of DHT stimulates the development of the:
a. urethra.
b. clitoris.
c. scrotum.
d. labia minora and majora.
ANSWER: c

35. The labia majora develops from tissue that in a male would have become the:
a. shaft of the penis.
b. scrotal sac.
c. prostate.
d. foreskin of the penis.
ANSWER: b

36. Researchers believe that the size difference between male and female brains results from the influence of:
a. gender identity.
b. progesterone.
c. testosterone and estrogen.
d. androgens.
ANSWER: d

37. The greater thickness of the corpus callosum in female’s brains than in male’s brains allows for more
intercommunication between the two hemispheres, which could account for why:
a. females are more likely to exhibit patterns of hemispheric asymmetry when performing verbal and special
tasks.
b. females often score lower than males on tests of verbal skills.
c. female brains are more likely to engage regions in both hemispheres of the brain to perform a task.
d. male brains are more likely to engage regions in both hemispheres of the brain to perform a task.
ANSWER: c

38. Which of the following is true regarding sex differentiation of the brain?
a. The right hemisphere of the cerebral cortex is thicker in the female brain.
b. The corpus callosum is thinner in the male brain.
c. The male hypothalamus becomes estrogen sensitive and influences cyclic release of hormones.
d. When performing verbal and spatial tasks, men tend to use both brain hemispheres whereas women are more
likely to exhibit patterns of hemispheric asymmetry.
ANSWER: b

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39. Suppose a person’s ability to deal with a specific type of task is controlled exclusively by either the right or left
hemisphere. We would say that this ability is:
a. highly unspecialized.
b. symmetric.
c. highly lateralized.
d. unilateral.
ANSWER: c

40. Which brain region plays a major role in controlling the production of sex hormones?
a. left cerebral hemisphere
b. cerebral cortex
c. hypothalamus
d. medulla
ANSWER: c

41. Which of the following statements on sex differentiation of the brain is true?
a. The estrogen-sensitive hypothalamus in males results in a sporadic production of sex hormones.
b. The cerebral cortex of the right hemisphere is thinner in the male brain.
c. Two hypothalamic areas are larger in the female brain.
d. Two hypothalamic areas are smaller in the female brain.
ANSWER: d

42. The right hemisphere of the brain is MOST specialized for:

a. expression of speech.
b. understanding of speech.
c. sensory awareness.
d. spatial tasks.
ANSWER: d

43. Females tend to use ____ brain hemisphere(s) when performing verbal and spatial tasks, whereas males are more
likely to use ____ hemisphere(s) for each of these functions.
a. both; neither
b. only the left; both
c. only the right; both
d. both; only one
ANSWER: d

44. What have recent scholars, such as Dr. Janet Hyde, concluded about brain differentiation between males and females?
a. There are inherent differences between all men and women based on brain size and function
b. There is little variation in brain size and function within people of the same sex

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c. Hormone levels and brain structure and function are stable across different environments and contexts
d. A focus on average differences in brain structures among males and females can be easily misinterpreted
without recognition of the variation within a given sex
ANSWER: d

45. The term currently used by the medical profession for a condition in which a person’s chromosomal, gonadal, or
anatomical sex develops atypically is:
a. sexual dysfunction disorder.
b. atypical development syndrome
c. disorder of sexual development.
d. sexual-identity disorder.
ANSWER: c

46. Although Amber is 16, she has not begun to develop breasts and does not menstruate. Amber has typical female
genitals. She is short for her age. Amber’s sex chromosomes most likely are:
a. OY.
b. XO.
c. XXY.
d. XX.
ANSWER: b

47. Which of the following are characteristics of individuals with Turner’s syndrome?
a. typical external female genitals, above average height, and masculine gender identity
b. typical external female genitals, above average height, and lack of menstruation
c. typical external female genitals, below average height, and lack of menstruation
d. typical external male genitals, below average height, and infertility
ANSWER: c

48. Sam has unusually small testicles and gynecomastia. Medical tests reveal he has low levels of testosterone and an
extra X chromosome. Sam is diagnosed with:
a. Klinefelter’s syndrome.
b. Turner’s syndrome.
c. androgen insensitivity syndrome.
d. gender dysplasia.
ANSWER: a

49. Which of the following are characteristics of individuals with Klinefelter’s syndrome?
a. usually sterile, undersized penis, and some feminization of secondary sex characteristics
b. anatomically female, usually sterile, lack of menstruation
c. anatomically female, some masculinization of secondary sex characteristics, below average height
d. undescended testes, lacks a typical set of male or female internal structures, typically sterile
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ANSWER: a

50. A man who has an extra “X” chromosome manifests some gender-identity confusion, is sterile, and has an undersized
penis would MOST likely be diagnosed with:
a. Turner’s syndrome.
b. Klinefelter’s syndrome.
c. DHT deficiency.
d. androgen insensitivity syndrome.
ANSWER: b

51. Androgen insensitivity syndrome is typically diagnosed when:

a. chromosomes are revealed to be XO.
b. the external genitals appear to have both male and female characteristics.
c. the clitoris and labia are abnormally large.
d. menstruation does not occur.
ANSWER: d

52. The finding that individuals with androgen insensitivity syndrome typically acquire a female gender identity provides
some support for the importance of which factor____ in the formation of gender identity?
a. chromosomal factors
b. social learning
c. physical appearance
d. hormonal factors
ANSWER: d

53. When Marcella reached puberty but did not begin to menstruate, her parents took her in for medical testing. Tests
revealed that Marcella’s chromosomes were XY and her gonads were producing testosterone, but she developed feminine
external genitalia because her body was unable to respond to testosterone. Marcella will likely be diagnosed with:
a. adrenogenital syndrome.
b. genital retraction syndrome.
c. Turner’s syndrome.
d. androgen insensitivity syndrome.
ANSWER: d

54. Which of the following are characteristics of fetally androgenized females?

a. XY chromosomes, typical female internal reproductive structures, and sterile
b. XO chromosomes, typical female external genitals, and sterile
c. XX chromosomes, typical female internal reproductive structures, and fertile
d. XXY chromosomes, ambiguous external genitals, and fertile
ANSWER: c

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55. Taylor has been identified as a fetally androgenized female. Which statement is most likely true of Taylor?
a. Taylor is very unlikely to view herself as female.
b. Taylor may experience dissatisfaction with the typical female gender identity and be more interested in
traditionally male activities.
c. Taylor most likely will express a female gender identity prior to puberty and assume a male identity after
puberty.
d. Taylor was most likely assigned a male gender identity at birth.
ANSWER: b

56. Gianna has been identified as female since birth. However, during puberty Gianna’s testicles descended and what was
thought to be Gianna’s clitoris enlarged into a penis. Which condition most likely fits Gianna?
a. Turner's syndrome
b. androgen insensitivity syndrome
c. fetally androgenized female
d. DHT-deficient male
ANSWER: d

57. Which of the following BEST explains the relationship between biological sex and gender roles?
a. We are born male or female and our gender roles naturally develop from our sex.
b. Biological sex is not related to gender roles.
c. We may be born male, female, or a variation of the two, and how our gender roles develop is a complex
issue.
d. If we are born anything other than male or female, our gender roles will be determined solely by how we are
raised.
ANSWER: c

58. Which of the following looks at cultural influences during early childhood to explain both the nuances of gender
identity and the personal significance of being male or female?
a. gender-role expectations
b. biological processes
c. evolutionary model
d. social-learning theory
ANSWER: d

59. Most children have developed a firm gender identity by the age of:
a. 6 months.
b. 12 months.
c. 18 months.
d. 3 years.
ANSWER: d

60. In Margaret Mead’s book Sex and Temperament in Three Primitive Societies, differences between the sexes are
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explained in terms of:
a. biological factors.
b. social-learning factors.
c. sociobiological factors.
d. an interactional model.
ANSWER: b

61. Which of the following did Margaret Mead report as occurring in the Tchambuli society of New Guinea?
a. Men are aggressive and dominant; women are passive and nurturing.
b. Women are aggressive and dominant; men are passive and nurturing.
c. Both men and women are aggressive and controlling.
d. Both men and women are androgynous.
ANSWER: b

62. Margaret Mead’s fieldwork in three societies in New Guinea revealed that:
a. the men in all three societies assume the active, dominant role.
b. the women in all three societies assume the active, dominant role.
c. the men and women in all three societies exhibit androgynous behaviors.
d. there is considerable variation in what is considered masculine or feminine, depending on the culture.
ANSWER: d

63. What has the experience of David Reimer and research on the treatment of intersex children revealed?
a. Socialization plays an even greater role in gender-identity formation than was originally assumed.
b. That some intersex children may not be as gender-malleable at birth as originally believed.
c. There is clear evidence that gender identity is psychologically neutral at birth.
d. Most intersex children adjust very well to the gender assigned to them with few serious problems.
ANSWER: b

64. According to Milton Diamond, children born with conditions involving atypical sexual development:
a. should undergo surgery to make their genitals appear less ambiguous as soon after birth as possible.
b. rarely experience difficulties with emotional adjustment due to hormonal and/or surgical efforts to manage
their conditions.
c. should not be informed about their sexual development disorder until they reach adulthood.
d. should be assigned a gender in infancy but should not undergo genital alteration surgery during the early
years of development.
ANSWER: d

65. Which of the following statements is true concerning recent findings or trends for children with intersex conditions?
a. The United Nations Special Report on Torture concluded that genital-normalizing surgery on intersex infants
is acceptable as long as a parent consent is provided.
b. New gene therapies can help reverse the atypical chromosomal patterns found in intersex children.
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c. Most intersex people treated under the standard protocol have expressed appreciation for having undergone
medical intervention as infants.
d. Intersex advocates argue for a noninterventionist, child-centered approach in which an intersex child is not
subjected to genital-altering surgery.
ANSWER: d

66. Colby, who is a newborn, has genitals that do not look obviously male or female. Colby has a structure that is larger
than a clitoris but significantly smaller than the average penis, and Colby has a pouch of skin that could be a scrotum, but
it does not appear to contain testicles. To increase the chance that Colby will grow into a well-adjusted child and adult,
what would Dr. Milton Diamond suggest Colby’s parents do?
a. Have Colby’s genitals surgically altered to appear female and assign Colby a female gender identity.
b. Avoid surgery to modify Colby’s gender until Colby is older.
c. Not allow anyone to refer to Colby as either male or female, and encourage Colby to develop an androgynous
identity.
d. Have Colby’s genitals surgically altered to appear male and assign Colby a male gender identity.
ANSWER: b

67. The term interactional model refers to:

a. a protocol for how to talk to gender atypical persons.
b. a description of meiosis.
c. an acknowledgement of the role of both biology and experience in the development of gender identity.
d. guidelines for healthy gender-role dating expectations.
ANSWER: c

68. The formation of our gender identity is a result of:

a. biological factors only.
b. developmental status.
c. psychosocial factors only.
d. biological and social-learning factors.
ANSWER: d

69. An individual whose biological sex matches their gender identity could be termed:
a. agender.
b. cisgender.
c. transgender.
d. intersex.
ANSWER: b

70. Hugh, who is male, can be assertive and outspoken when he feels it is necessary, but he is also a good listener and
very supportive and sensitive. Hugh is exhibiting:
a. androgyny.
b. gender confusion.
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c. gender dysphoria.
d. gender assumptions.
ANSWER: a

71. Which of the following is a term used to refer to someone whose biological sex is different from the person’s gender
identity?
a. transphobic
b. cisgender
c. gender neutral
d. transgender
ANSWER: d

72. Which term refers to the steps taken by a transgender person to change aspects of their physical appearance or gender
expression to match their gender identity?
a. routing
b. transitioning
c. sex reassignment surgery
d. gender dysphoria
ANSWER: b

73. Which statement about transgender issues is true?

a. It is now very uncommon to find discrimination, prejudice, and hostility toward people who do not fit clearly
into the gender binary.
b. Rates of depression and anxiety are slightly lower among transgender adults compared to cisgender adults.
c. The Trump administration increased protections for transgender people serving in the military and working
as federal employees.
d. Gender nonconforming people are at considerably higher risk to be victims of violence than those who
conform to typical gender expectations.
ANSWER: d

74. Individuals often identifying as male and female at different times are:
a. gender fluid.
b. agender.
c. gender dysphoric.
d. gender neutral.
ANSWER: a

75. Your coworker has just revealed to you that even though you know him as Geun, a male, he was identified female at
birth. What would your book recommend that you do?
a. Question Geun about the process he has undergone to alter his gender, including any surgeries.
b. Inform the rest of your coworkers of Geun’s transgender status to save him the awkwardness of having to do
it himself.
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c. Continue to use he/him pronouns in referring to Geun if this is how he refers to himself.
d. Introduce Geun to a male coworker you know is gay and single, because Geun most likely is gay himself.
ANSWER: c

76. Many transgender individuals first develop a sense of being at odds with their genital anatomy in:
a. early childhood.
b. early adolescence.
c. late adolescence.
d. early adulthood.
ANSWER: a

77. Chava has the sex chromosomes and genitalia of a male, but she feels strongly that she is a woman. Chava expresses a
lot of disgust and frustration that her body does not match who she feels herself to be. Chava is likely experiencing:
a. Turner’s syndrome.
b. pangenderism.
c. androgyny.
d. gender dysphoria.
ANSWER: d

78. Interventions to assist transgender individuals in transitioning to the gender with which they identify can include
which of the following?
a. orgasm-reconditioning therapy, adopting the clothing and mannerism of the gender with which they identify,
and chest and/or genital surgery.
b. hormone therapy, orgasm-reconditioning therapy, and using pronouns associated with their sex assigned at
birth.
c. chest and/or genital surgery, adopting the clothing and mannerism of the gender with which they identify,
and using pronouns associated with their sex assigned at birth.
d. hormone therapy, chest and/or genital surgery, and adopting the clothing and mannerism of the gender with
which they identify.
ANSWER: d

79. Marwan has the sex chromosomes and genitals of a female, but he feels strongly that he is a male. Marwan presents
himself as a male and dresses as a male; people who meet him assume he is a male. Marwan could be referred to as:
a. agender.
b. transgender.
c. bisexual.
d. androgynous.
ANSWER: b

80. Postoperative studies of transgender individuals who have undergone gender confirmation surgery suggest their
adjustment is usually:
a. negative.
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b. positive.
c. initially positive but eventually problematic.
d. positive for those originally female but negative for those originally male.
ANSWER: b

81. The process by which our society conveys behavioral expectations about gender to an individual is known as:
a. gender role socialization
b. gender stereotypes
c. gender type training
d. gender patriarchy
ANSWER: a

82. As a result of their transgender status, individuals are most likely to experience which of the following?
a. advantages in employment, housing, and health-care services
b. complete acceptance as they are
c. fewer chronic social and health stressors
d. anxiety, depression, or thoughts of suicide
ANSWER: d

83. Britta assumes that her new boyfriend will be able to fix her broken car, because she believes men are more
mechanically inclined than women. Britta’s assumption reflects:
a. gender-based stereotypes.
b. gender identity.
c. androgyny.
d. marianismo.
ANSWER: a

84. Most theorists believe that gender roles are primarily a result of:
a. brain differences.
b. hormonal variations.
c. socialization.
d. differences in reproduction roles.
ANSWER: c

85. Hannah, a six-year-old girl, sees a women’s ice hockey event on TV; Hannah tells her parents she really wants to be a
hockey player. Hannah’s mother makes a somewhat disgusted face and responds, “Sweetie, if you want to skate, be a
figure skater! That is better for girls.” This interaction illustrates the process of gender:
a. evolution.
b. dysphoria.
c. assignment.
d. socialization.
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ANSWER: d

86. Brian notices his son, Mikey, playing with his a doll. Brian says, “Mikey, you don’t want that,” takes the doll away,
and hands Mikey a toy truck instead. This interaction illustrates the process of:
a. gender socialization.
b. androgyny.
c. gender assignment.
d. gender fluidity.
ANSWER: a

87. In which of the following ethnic groups would you MOST likely find a couple with a relationship characterized by
egalitarian gender roles?
a. a White couple
b. a Latinx/Hispanic American couple
c. an Asian American couple
d. a Black/African American couple
ANSWER: d

88. Marianismo and machismo are concepts epitomized in which culture?

a. Hispanic American
b. White American of European origin
c. Asian American
d. African American
ANSWER: a

89. Recent research has revealed that having a daughter, versus having a son, causes fathers to:
a. increase their belief in traditional gender roles.
b. reduce their support for traditional gender roles.
c. discriminate against the daughter’s male classmates.
d. further gender stereotypes.
ANSWER: b

90. Television depictions of men and women:

a. usually show females as sexually aggressive and males as passive.
b. suggest more women are involved in the workforce than is actually true.
c. often conform closely to gender stereotypes.
d. usually show women as more competent and authoritative than men.
ANSWER: c

91. By first grade, children select same gender playmates about ____ % of the time.
a. 25
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b. 50
c. 70
d. 90
ANSWER: d

92. Studies of the classroom treatment of boys and girls found that:
a. teachers treat boys and girls largely the same in the classroom.
b. teachers call upon and encourage girls more than boys.
c. teachers call upon and encourage boys more than girls.
d. teachers call upon girls more and encourage boys more.
ANSWER: c

93. Which of the following statements regarding the impact of education on gender roles is true?
a. Girls are more likely than boys to receive remedial help from teachers.
b. American schools have made a concerted effort to ensure equal educational opportunities for both sexes in
math and science in recent years.
c. Elementary school girls are more likely to receive praise from their teachers than are elementary school boys.
d. Teachers are more likely to tolerate inappropriate behavior of girls than boys.
ANSWER: b

94. Which of the following would be MOST commonly found in an elementary school textbook in the late 1970s?
a. Girls portrayed as dependent and unambitious
b. Boys portrayed as sensitive and nurturant
c. Girls portrayed as strong and successful
d. Both boys and girls portraying flexibility in gender roles
ANSWER: a

95. Children who receive religious instruction are likely to be socialized to:
a. question the whole concept of gender roles.
b. accept certain gender stereotypes.
c. view gender as relatively unimportant.
d. rebel against stereotypical gender roles.
ANSWER: b

96. With respect to religion and gender, which one is true?

a. Religious education probably has helped to bring about gender equality as much as anything in this country.
b. Women were first ordained as clergy in the U.S. in the 1970s.
c. The emphasis on Mary has made the Catholic Church a leader in gender equality approaches.
d. No branch of Christianity or Judaism allows women to serve as clergy.
ANSWER: b
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97. MOST religious organizations in the United States emphasize:
a. male dominance.
b. female dominance.
c. androgyny.
d. undifferentiated gender roles.
ANSWER: a

98. A man quits dating a woman who openly expresses her interest in and enjoyment of sex, calling her a “sleaze.” He
behaves the same way and is perceived as a “stud.” According to the text, the gender-role assumption underlying this
behavior is:
a. men as recipients and women as initiators.
b. women as controllers and men as movers.
c. women as undersexed and men as oversexed.
d. men as unemotional and women as nurturing.
ANSWER: c

99. Tracey likes to ask men out, but she becomes frustrated when they assume she wants to have sex with them because
of her assertiveness. Tracey is a victim of which of the following gender-role assumptions?
a. Men as unemotional, and women as nurturing
b. Women as controllers, and men as movers
c. Men as initiators, and women as recipients
d. Women as undersexed, and men as oversexed
ANSWER: c

100. Alex feels that making sure he and his wife have good sex is his “job,” planning when and where, making sure they
both enjoy it, and so forth. Despite his concerns, his wife has been reluctant to assume a more active role in their sexual
relationship. This couple is a victim of which of the following gender assumptions?
a. Women as undersexed, and men as oversexed
b. Men as strong, and women as supportive
c. Men as initiators, and women as recipients
d. Women as controllers, and men as movers
ANSWER: c

101. The authors of your text use the terms sex and gender interchangeably.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False

102. Biological maleness and femaleness is referred to as gender.

a. True
b. False
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ANSWER: False

103. Gender identity refers to an individual’s subjective sense of being female or male.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True

104. Masculine and feminine refer primarily to biologically determined characteristics.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False

105. Two X chromosomes are needed for the complete development of both internal and external female structures.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True

106. Sex hormones begin to play an important role in sex differentiation by about six weeks after conception.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True

107. In the absence of androgens, the fetus develops female structures.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True

108. The penis is homologous to the clitoris of the female.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True

109. Generally speaking, the brains of males and females are more alike than different.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True

110. Individuals with androgen insensitivity syndrome also have chromosomal abnormalities.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False
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111. Klinefelter’s syndrome is a hormonal abnormality.

a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True

112. Newborns with androgen insensitivity syndrome have typical-looking female external genitals.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True

113. Intersex advocates recommend that children who are born with ambiguous genitals have surgery prior to the age of
18 months.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False

114. Cisgender is a term used to refer to people who express their gender identity in nontraditional ways.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False

115. A person whose gender identity is different from their biological sex is called cisgender.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False

116. Male-to-female gender confirmation surgery is more common than female-to-male gender confirmation
surgery.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False

117. Transgender individuals often develop a sense of being at odds with their genital anatomy in early childhood.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True

118. Current research strongly supports a social-learning explanation for what causes someone to be transgender.
a. True
b. False

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ANSWER: False

119. The majority of transgender individuals are satisfied and better adjusted socially after undergoing gender
confirmation surgery.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True

120. Margaret Mead’s fieldwork in three societies in New Guinea indicated that gender roles are highly consistent across
cultures.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False

121. Although more and more parents try to avoid teaching their children gender stereotypes, many still encourage their
children to engage in gender-typed play activities and household chores.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True

122. As a result of the widespread influence of television, there is little variation between ethnic groups in the United
States with respect to gender roles.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: False

123. The major religions of the world tend to reinforce the gender assumption that females should be subservient to
males.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True

124. A man complains about the feeling that it is his “job” to be knowledgeable, experienced, and informed in his sexual
relationship with his partner, and her attitude of sexual naiveté seems to reinforce this. They are both victims of the “men
as initiators, women as recipients” gender-role stereotype.
a. True
b. False
ANSWER: True

125. Patriarchy is a form of social organization in which male power predominates.

a. True
b. False

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ANSWER: True

126. Define and contrast the following: sex, gender identity, gender expression, gender assumptions, and gender roles.
ANSWER: Answer not provided.

127. Discuss how male and female gender roles differ in U.S. culture.
ANSWER: Answer not provided.

128. Refer to appropriate research, and build a case that the interactional model best explains the development of gender-
identity formation.
ANSWER: Answer not provided.

129. Discuss similarities and differences in brain anatomy between males and females. Explain how recent scholars
interpret research on these brain differences.
ANSWER: Answer not provided.

130. Your daughter comes home from school upset and explains that when she was struggling with a math problem, her
teacher told her not to worry about it because girls just aren’t as good at math as boys. What would you say to your
daughter, and then to her teacher?
ANSWER: Answer not provided.

131. Turner’s syndrome and Klinefelter’s syndrome are two sex chromosome disorders. For each, specify the
chromosomal cause, incidence, and characteristics of the individuals affected.
ANSWER: Answer not provided.

132. Findings with respect to the disorders of prenatal hormonal processes are inconsistent with respect to whether they
support biological or social factors in gender-identity formation. Describe these differing findings.
ANSWER: Answer not provided.

133. Suppose that you become the parent of a baby with a disorder of sexual development. What would you consider in
assigning sex/gender? Would you have surgical intervention? Why, or why not?
ANSWER: Answer not provided.

134. List the types of treatments that can assist a transgender person in transitioning to his or her identified gender. How
successful are these treatments?
ANSWER: Answer not provided.

135. Give examples of gender-typed images that you observed in school, in the media, or in religious settings. State
whether these appear to be typical according to your textbook.
ANSWER: Answer not provided.

136. What does research say about how parents differentially treat their male and female offsprings? How and to what
extent would this be expected to influence gender roles?
ANSWER: Answer not provided.

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137. List three stereotyped gender-role assumptions in the area of sexuality, and give specific examples regarding how
these assumptions may impact sexual attitudes and behaviors in women and men.
ANSWER: Answer not provided.

138. Using your own life, describe how the following contributed to gender-role socialization: parents, peers, schools,
textbooks, the media, and religion.
ANSWER: Answer not provided.

139. Specify for each of the following ethnic groups one way in which gender roles often differ from White Americans of
European origin: Hispanic Americans, African Americans, and Asian Americans.
ANSWER: Answer not provided.

140. Discuss how school textbooks and children’s books have played a role in perpetuating gender-role stereotypes.
Explore how schools in the United States have started to reduce classroom perpetuation of stereotypical gender roles.
ANSWER: Answer not provided.

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