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UNIT 11 STUDY NOTES

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6 views3 pages

UNIT 11 STUDY NOTES

Uploaded by

Nathefa Layne
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We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIT 11 : LEADERSHIP

Why is leadership important to organizations?

 Leadership plays a significant role in shaping employee attitudes such as job satisfaction and
organizational commitment. The attitudes and behaviours of leaders directly impact the organization’s
culture and performance, helping achieve goals and maintain a motivated workforce.

What is leadership?

 Leadership is the ability to influence people toward the attainment of organizational goals. It involves
the use of power and influence to guide individuals and teams toward achieving success.

What are the main differences between leadership and management?

 Leadership focuses on inspiring, motivating, and guiding people toward future goals, while management
focuses on controlling and organizing resources to meet current commitments. Leadership is forward-
thinking and change-oriented, while management is more about maintaining stability and efficiency.

What are the key qualities of a leader?

 Leaders are typically visionary, passionate, creative, flexible, inspiring, innovative, courageous, and
imaginative. They initiate change and exercise personal power to guide and motivate their teams.

What are the key qualities of a manager?

 Managers are rational, persistent, problem-solving, tough-minded, analytical, structured, and deliberate.
They focus on maintaining stability, providing structure, and ensuring that tasks are completed
efficiently.

What is the difference between leader qualities and manager qualities?

 Leaders tend to focus on vision, change, and motivating people, while managers focus on maintaining
processes, stability, and meeting current organizational goals.

What are leadership traits?

 Leadership traits refer to the personal characteristics that distinguish effective leaders, such as
intelligence, self-confidence, values, and appearance. These traits have been studied as indicators of
leadership success.
What are the two main behaviours identified in leadership studies?

Two key leadership behaviours identified are:

 Task-oriented: Focuses on goal achievement and structure.


 People-oriented: Focuses on building relationships and supporting employees’ needs.

What are the Ohio State Studies?

 The Ohio State Studies identified two major leadership behaviours: consideration (people-oriented
behaviour) and initiating structure (task-oriented behaviour). Consideration involves being mindful of
subordinates’ needs, while initiating structure focuses on organizing work and achieving goals.

What are the four management styles identified by the Ohio State Studies?

The four styles are:

 High initiating structure, low consideration


 High initiating structure, high consideration
 Low initiating structure, low consideration
 Low initiating structure, high consideration

The style with high consideration and high initiating structure was found to lead to better performance and
greater satisfaction.

What are the Michigan Studies?

 The Michigan Studies classified leaders into two types: employee-centred leaders, who focus on high
performance goals and supportive behaviour, and job-centred leaders, who focus more on efficiency and
meeting schedules, often neglecting human needs.

What is the Leadership Grid?

 The Leadership Grid, developed by Blake and Mouton, plots leadership behaviour on two axes: concern
for people (y-axis) and concern for production (x-axis). It helps identify leadership styles based on how
leaders balance these concerns.

What is a transactional leader?

 A transactional leader focuses on supervision, organization, and performance. They motivate followers
through rewards and punishments, clarify role expectations, and initiate structure to ensure tasks are
completed.
What are the characteristics of transactional leaders?

 Transactional leaders are clear about role expectations, emphasize deadlines, provide rewards, and show
some consideration for employees’ social needs. They focus on achieving goals through structured,
routine processes.

What is charismatic leadership?

 Charismatic leadership goes beyond transactional leadership, inspiring followers with passion and
commitment. Charismatic leaders have the ability to drive results and make followers willing to put
aside their personal interests for the greater good of the organization.

What are the characteristics of charismatic leaders?

 Charismatic leaders are often unpredictable, visionary, and able to inspire excitement in their followers.
They speak to the hearts of their employees, creating a sense of shared purpose and commitment to the
organization's goals.

What is transformational leadership?

 Transformational leadership involves inspiring innovation and change by recognizing followers’ needs,
encouraging new ways of thinking, and challenging the status quo. Transformational leaders foster a
sense of empowerment and motivation among their followers.

What are the characteristics of transformational leaders?

 Transformational leaders are visionary, empathetic, and focused on long-term change. They help
followers view old problems from new perspectives, stimulate creative thinking, and encourage personal
and professional growth.

What is position power?

 Position power comes from the formal authority granted by the organization, such as the ability to
reward or punish employees, make decisions, and direct resources.

What is personal power?

 Personal power is derived from the leader’s individual characteristics, such as their charisma, expertise,
or ability to inspire others. It is not tied to the leader’s formal role but to their influence and ability to
connect with others.

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