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Flight planning Contents
In addition to weather information:
n UK and Foreign NOTAM information is available from the UK Aeronautical Information
Service at www.ais.org.uk where you can also access the UK AIP, its supplements, AICs
and a flight plan form.
n For abbreviated and updated information on certain UK airspace restrictions, call the
Page
AIS information line on 0500 354802 or +44 (0)20 8750 3939.
Introduction 2
Web services 4
Telephone services 6
Pilot’s pre-flight check
Designed for General Aviation pilots, but information applies to everyone. Met. decodes 8
SafetySense leaflets are in LASORS and the CAA website www.caa.co.uk/safetysense through TAF
"general aviation”.
METAR and SPECI
Metform 215
Valid medical, type/class rating?
Introduction
Common sense and the law require you to obtain all the necessary weather
information in order to plan and conduct your flight safely. Full information
on meteorological services can be found in the UK AIP in the General Section
at 3.5.
This booklet is intended to help you to obtain this information via internet, fax
and telephone. If you have any suggestions for improving this booklet, or need
further copies, please contact:
If you are unable to use any of the services, the TAFs and METARs, or require
clarification for F214, F215, F414 and F415, special forecasts and route forecasts
please call:
n F214 / F215
n UK AIRMETs
n Ballooning forecasts
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EASY WAYS TO ORDER:
2. Wind
Wind direction/speed 31015G27KT ‘three one zero degrees, fifteen knots, gusting twenty seven Max only given if 10 KT than mean. VRB = variable. 00000KT = calm.
Extreme direction 280V350 knots’ ‘varying between two eight zero and three five zero Variation given in clockwise direction, but only when mean speed is greater than 3 KT.
degrees’ Wind direction is given in degrees true
3. Visibility
Prevailing visibility 3200 ‘three thousand two hundred metres’ 0000 = ‘less than 50 metres’ 9999 = ‘ten kilometres or more’. No direction is required
Minimum visibility 1200SW ‘twelve hundred metres to the south-west’ The minimum visibility is also included alongside the prevailing visibility when the visibility in one
(In addition to the direction, which is not the prevailing visibility, is less than 1,500 metres or less than 50% of the
prevailing visibility prevailing visibility and less than 5000 metres. A direction is also added as one of the eight if
required) points of the compass.
4. RVR R27R/1100 ‘RVR, runway two seven right, one thousand one RVR tendency (U = increasing; D = decreasing; N = no change) may be added after figure
hundred metres’ (not currently used in the UK) e.g. R27R/1100D P1500 = more than 1,500 m; M0050 = less
than 50 m. Significant variations – example: R24/0950V1100, i.e. varying between two values.
(Not from UK civil aerodromes)
5. Present weather +SHRA ‘heavy rain showers’ + = Heavy (well developed in the case of +FC and +PO); - = Light; no qualifier = Moderate.
BC = Patches BL = Blowing BR = Mist DR = Drifting,
DS = Duststorm DU = Dust DZ = Drizzle FC = Funnel cloud
FG = Fog FU = Smoke FZ = Freezing GR = Hail (>5 mm)
GS = Small hail or snow pellets HZ = Haze IC = Ice crystals
MI = Shallow PL = Ice pellets PO = Dust devils PR = Banks
RA = Rain SA = Sand SH = Showers SG = Snow grains
SN = Snow SQ = Squalls SS = Sandstorm TS = Thunderstorm
VA = Volcanic ash VC = In vicinity UP = Unidentified precipitation (AUTO METARS only)
Up to three groups may be present, constructed by selecting and combining from the above.
Group omitted if no weather to report.
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7. CAVOKý CAVOK ‘cav-oh-kay’ Visibility greater or equal to 10 km, no cumulonimbus or towering cumulus, no cloud below
5,000 ft or highest minimum sector altitude (MSA) (whichever is the greater) and no weather
significant to aviation.
8. Temp and dew point 10/03 ‘temperature ten degrees Celsius, dew point three degrees If dew point is missing, example would be reported as 10///. M indicates a negative value.
Celsius’
9. QNH Q0995 ‘nine nine five’ Q indicates millibars. If the letter A is used QNH is in inches and hundredths.
10. Recent weather RETS ‘recent thunderstorm’ RE = recent, weather codes given above. Up to three groups may be present.
11. Wind shear WS RWY24 ‘wind shear runway two four’ Will not be reported at present for UK aerodromes.
12. Colour state BLU Blue Military reports also display a colour state BLU, WHT, GRN, YLO1, YLO2, AMB or RED, coded
according to cloud and visibility. BLACK indicates the runway is unusable.
13. Trend BECMG ‘becoming from 1100, 230 degrees 35 KT, max 50 KT, A forecast of significant changes in conditions during the two hours after observation time.
FM1100 temporarily, 3,000 metres, moderate rain showers BECMG = Becoming TEMPO = Temporarily NOSIG = No sig change
23035G50KT NSW = No sig weather AT = At FM = From
3000 SHRA TL = Until NSC = No sig cloud
Any of the wind, visibility, weather or cloud groups may be used, and CAVOK. Multiple
groups may be present.
Example SAUK02 EGGY 301220 METAR Example SAUK02 EGGY 301220 METAR
EGLY 301220Z 24015KT 200V280 8000 –RA FEW010 BKN025 18/15 Q0983 EGPZ 301220Z 30025G37KT 270V360 6000 1200NE +SHSN SCT005 BKN010CB
TEMPO 3000 RA BKN008= 03/M01 Q0999 RETS BECMG AT1300 9999 NSW SCT015=
An example of the above METAR for 1220 UTC on the 30th of the month, in plain language: An example of the above METAR for 1220 UTC on the 30th of the month, in plain language:
EGLY: Issued at 1220Z on 30th. Surface wind: mean 240 deg true, 15 KT; varying between 200 EGPZ: Issued at 1220Z on the 30th. Surface wind: mean 300 deg true, 25 KT; maximum 37 KT,
and 280 deg; prevailing visibility 8 km; weather: light rain; cloud: 1-2 oktas base 1,000 ft, 5-7 varying between 270 and 360 deg; prevailing visibility 6 km, minimum visibility 1,200 m (to north-
oktas 2,500 ft; temperature +18 þC, dew point: +15 þC; QNH 983 mb; Trend: temporarily 3,000 east); heavy shower of snow; Cloud. 3-4 oktas base 500 ft, 5-7 oktas CB base 1,000 ft;
m in moderate rain with 5-7 oktas 800 ft. temperature +3 þC, dew point –1 þC; QNH 999 mb; Thunderstorm since the previous report;
Trend: improving at 1300 Zulu to 10 km or more, nil significant weather, 3-4 oktas 1,500 ft.
14 15
Met. decodes
Weather
DZ drizzle GR hail RA rain SN snow
FG fog HZ haze BR mist FZ freezing
SH shower TS thunderstorm GS small hail/snow pellets GR hail
A – prefix (e.g. –DZ) indicates slight precipitation.
No prefix indicates moderate precipitation (e.g. DZ).
A + prefix indicates heavy precipitation (e.g. +RA).
Weather phenomena may also be written as a combination of abbreviations,
e.g. TSRASN (thunderstorm with moderate rain and snow).
Cloud
Cloud amount (FEW, SCT, BKN, OVC) and type will be followed by an icing
and turbulence symbol, if appropriate, and then the height of the cloud base
and tops above mean sea level (AMSL).
The familiar abbreviations for cloud type will be used.
Cloud tops extending above 10000 FT will be shown by XXX
The following symbols will be used to show icing in cloud:
Slight icing: not shown Metform 214
Moderate/severe icing (MOD/SEV icing): Complements Metform 215 (above) by providing forecast spot upper winds and
temperatures covering a similar area.
The following symbols will be used to show turbulence in cloud as well as
mechanical turbulence over land:
Metforms 415 and 414
Slight turbulence: not shown
Metforms 415 (significant weather) and 414 (upper winds/temps) are charts
Moderate/severe turbulence (MOD/SEV TURB):
prepared in a similar format (but no outlook) for low-level flights into Europe.
A forecast of CB or TS implies severe turbulence and or icing
An Outlook Chart is only included with the Met Office web version of the F215
The height of the 0 þC isotherm (or ‘freezing level’) is provided in the column and shows only the expected positions of the principal synoptic features and
to the right of the cloud and this can be used for guidance as to the level mean sea level isobars at the end of the period. Weather zones are not given on
above which icing is likely. The figure will indicate the average freezing level the prognosis chart.
within the area.
Mountain wave activity is included in the visibility and weather section with a
forecast vertical speed.
MAX maximum WKN weakening FPM feet per minute
VSP vertical speed MTW mountain waves
Hill FG is used to indicate hill fog and implies a surface visibility of less than
200 metres.
A full decode of the F215 is available at www.metoffice.gov.uk/aviation.
18 19
Luton
South Western
Southern
The CAA website www.caa.co.uk includes GA safety promotion information including /gasil
or /safetysense leaflets.
22
Notes