Class Notes – Cell Organelles

Name _________________________________

Organelle: (organ L) – the specialized structures in the cytoplasm of cells that

carry out specific functions.

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Directions:
Use your textbook and resources of your choice to complete the left sections below and
on the next pages.

-NUCLEOLUS- -CHLOROPLAST- -MITOCHONDRIA- -LYSOSOME- -GOLGI APPARATUS- -

VACUOLE-
- SMOOTH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM- -ROUGH ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM- -FLAGELLA- -CELL WALL-
-RiBOSOME- -CILIA- -CYTOPLASM- -CYTOSKELETON -CHROMOSOME -

-NUCLEAR MEMBRANE- -NUCLEUS- -VESICLE- -CENTRAL VACUOLE-

-CONTRACTILE VACOULE- -CELL MEMBRANE- -PLASTIDS- -PHAGOCYTOSIS-

Helps maintain
Also referred to as the plasma membrane. Forms Homeostasis,
the outer covering of the cell. Made up of a controls what
Cell Membrane phospholipid (1 glycerol, 2 fatty acids and a enters or leaves
phosphate group) bilayer with protein embedded the cell.
in it. It protects and supports the cell. It controls
ORGANELLE or ORGANELLE PART
what may enter and leave the cell.
DISTINGUISHING FEATURE(S)

Membrane bound sac that stores nutrients,

water, ions, and wastes.
Vacuole

ORGANELLE or ORGANELLE PART

DISTINGUISHING FEATURE(S)

A large oval structure surrounded by a Found only in

membrane or covering. It contains Eukaryotic cells.
Nucleus chromosomes. Control center of the cell. It
regulates or controls all activities in the cell.
DISTINGUISHING FEATURE(S)
ORGANELLE or ORGANELLE PART

Sometimes also called the nuclear envelope. Also made up of

Nuclear It is the outer covering of the cell nucleus. It phosolipid
membrane controls what can enter or leave the nucleus. bilayer. Contains
membrane
proteins.
ORGANELLE or ORGANELLE PART DISTINGUISHING FEATURE(S)

Set of structures found in the nucleus, made

Only visible
Chromosomes up of DNA, plus some protein. They are thick
during cell
rod shaped structures and direct activities of
division.
the cell. Pass on traits to new cells and make
ribosomes.
cellorganellenotes DISTINGUISHING FEATURE(S)
ORGANELLE or ORGANELLE PART
 The interior of the cell. The region between Also contains
the nucleus and cell membrane. Consists of a water, ions and
Cytoplasm jelly-like substance that contains many other
organelles. Responsible for movement of macromolecules
materials throughout the cell. .
ORGANELLE or ORGANELLE PART

Diameters (nm)
The cytoplasmic network of protein filaments
Microtubles 25
that plays an essential role in cell movement
Cytoskeleton Actin filaments 7
and shape. Composed of microtubules and
microfilaments. Intermeidate
Filaments 10
ORGANELLE or ORGANELLE PART
ISTINGUISHING FEATURE(S)

Hair-like structures in tightly packed rows that

are used for movement
Cilia

DISTINGUISHING FEATURE(S)
ORGANELLE or ORGANELLE PART

Organelle on which protein is made. Found Found in both

scattered in the cytoplasm and often attached prokaryotes and
Ribosomes to the surface of rough endoplasmic Eukaryotes.
reticulum.

ORGANELLE or ORGANELLE PART

DISTINGUISHING FEATURE(S)

Cell Wall Hinders

A non-living structure that surrounds the cell Cellular
membrane and provides support for the cell. communication.
Very stiff and rigid made up of cellulose. Caused
Cell Wall Found in plant, and bacteria cells. Fungi’s cell plants to evolve
wall made up chitin. differently.
ORGANELLE or ORGANELLE PART DISTINGUISHING FEATURE(S)

Threadlike structure that grows out of a cell Made of

and enables movement. Microtubules
Flagella

DISTINGUISHING FEATURE(S)
ORGANELLE or ORGANELLE PART

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 Rough A network of tubules, vesicles and sacs that
Endoplasmic are interconnected and serve in protein
Reticulum synthesis. Has a rough texture due to the
presence of ribosomes.
ORGANELLE or ORGANELLE PART

DISTINGUISHING FEATURE(S)

Is involved in
A network of tubules, vesicles and sacs that cholesterol
Smooth are interconnected. metabolism,
Endoplasmic membrane
Reticulum synthesis, and
detoxification.
DISTINGUISHING FEATURE(S)

Plant cells
A membrane-bound sac that plays roles in require water as
intracellular digestion and the release of a reactant for
Central Vacuole cellular waste products. In animal cells, they photosynthesis
are generally small, but large in plant cells reaction.
and play a role in turgor pressure. When a
ORGANELLE or ORGANELLE PART plant is well-watered, water collects here DISTINGUISHING FEATURE(S)

Created by the
A relatively small and enclosed compartment, endoplasmic
separated from the cytoplasm by at least one retiuclum or the
Vesicle lipid bilayer. They store, transport, or digest golgi apparatus
cellular products and wastes.

ORGANELLE or ORGANELLE PART DISTINGUISHING FEATURE(S)

An organelle that packages and distributes Plays a role in

molecules made by a eukaryotic cell. exocytosis.
Golgi Apparatus

ORGANELLE or ORGANELLE PART

DISTINGUISHING FEATURE(S)

Organelle found in eukaryotic cells that Needed to

contains digestive enzymes. “Clean up crew” maintain
Lysosomes for cells. Enzymes breakdown food molecules Homeostasis.
into smaller ones. Lysosomes break down old
cell parts.
DISTINGUISHING FEATURE(S)
ORGANELLE or ORGANELLE PART

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 Organelle that produces much of the ATP Organelle
made by eukaryotic cells. associated with
Aerobic
Mitochondria Respiration.

ORGANELLE or ORGANELLE PART

DISTINGUISHING FEATURE(S)

Organelle
Organelle that uses light energy to make associated with
carbohydrates from carbon dioxide and water. Photosynthesis.
Chloroplasts Found only in plant cells.

ORGANELLE or ORGANELLE PART DISTINGUISHING FEATURE(S)

Only plant and

One or more dense areas can often be seen animal cells
inside the nucleus. This area functions in RNA contain nucleoli.
Nucleolus and ribosome synthesis Doesn’t have a
membrane.
ORGANELLE or ORGANELLE PART
DISTINGUISHING FEATURE(S)

Usually star
Contractile A type of vacuole involved in osmoregulation. shaped.
vacuole It pumps excess water out of a cell and is
found prominently in freshwater protists.

ORGANELLE or ORGANELLE PART

DISTINGUISHING FEATURE(S)

Are large organelles found on plants and Store pigments

Plastids some protists but not in animals or fungi. They give Produce an
can easily be seen through a light microscope. orange or red
They usually store food molecules. color when they
are ripe.
ORGANELLE or ORGANELLE PART DISTINGUISHING FEATURE(S)

Temporary cytoplasmic extrusions in

amoebae which function in locomotion and/or Feeding Process
in feeding by engulfing food. One or more called
Pseudopodia may be formed at a time by a given cell. Phagocytosis.

ORGANELLE or ORGANELLE PART DISTINGUISHING FEATURE(S)

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