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MODULE 6

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22 views38 pages

MODULE 6

Uploaded by

Chiarnie Lopez
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Module 6

PROTEINS
LEARNING
OUTCOMES

Define Recognize Classify


Define Recognize the Classify the
proteins different different
characteristics, proteins
structure
through the
formation of
peptide
linkages
Why do our
bodies
need
PROTEINS?
PROTEINS • Came from the Greek word
“PROTEIOS” meaning “pre-
eminence” or of first
importance
• Most important
macromolecule
• Organic compounds of high
molecular weight
(macromolecular) made up of
many amino acids joined
together by means of peptide
linkages.
CLASSIFICATION
ACCORDING TO
OF HYDROLYSIS
PROTEINS PRODUCTS:

1. SIMPLE PROTEINS
A. ALBUMINS
• Soluble in water and dilute neutral salt
solutions

• Members of this group are:


a.1. serum albumin – blood
a.2. lactalbumin – milk
a.3. ovalbumin – egg white
B. GLOBULINS

• Soluble in neutral dilute salt solutions but not in water


• Members of this group are:
b.1. ovoglobulin – egg white
b.2. edestin – hempseed
b.3. legumin – peas
b.4. myosinogen – muscles
b.5. serum globulin – blood
C. GLUTELINS

• Soluble in dilute acids and


alkalies but insoluble in
neutral solvents

• Examples:
c.1. glutenin – wheat
c.2. oryzenin – rice
D. PROLAMINES
• Insoluble in ordinary solvent
but soluble in 70% alcohol at
about neutral point

• Present in plants such as:


d.1. gliadin – wheat
d.2. zein – corn
d.3. hordein – barley
E. HISTONES
• Soluble in water, dilute acids and alkalines but
not in dilute ammonia

• Not readily coagulated by heat

• Examples;
e.1. globin – hemoglobin
e.2. thymus histone
e.3. scobrone – mackerel
F. PROTAMINES
• COntain small number of amino
acids

• Soluble in water and dilute acids


and alkalines

• Not coagulated by heat

• Strongly basic and form soluble


salts with strong mineral acids

• Example: salmin – salmon sperm


G. SCLEROPROTEINS
(Albuminoids)
• Soluble in water and neutral solvents

• Examples:
g.1. keratin – epidermal tissues
g.2. elastin – ligaments
g.3. collagen – hides, bones and cartilages
ACCORDING TO
HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS:
CLASSIFICATION
OF PROTEINS 2. CONJUGATED
PROTEINS
NUCLEOPROTEINS

• Combination of histones and protamines with nucleic acids

• Soluble in dilute solutions of NaCl and can be extracted from the tissues
by the use of this solvent
GLYCOPROTEINS

• Compounds of proteins with a carbohydrate component

• Utilized for lubricating purposes in view if their slimy


nature

• Not digested by the enzymes of the GIT


PHOSPHOPROTEINS

• Have the prosthetic group (H3PO4) joined to the protein molecule

• Examples:
• c.1. casein
• c.2. vitelin
CHROMOPROTEINS

• Protein compounds with hematin or similar pigments in their


molecules
LIPOPROTEINS

• Have fatty substances combined with their molecules like lecithin, cephalin etc.
ACCORDING TO
HYDROLYSIS PRODUCTS:
CLASSIFICATION
OF PROTEINS 3. DERIVED PROTEINS

• Include substances formed


from simple and conjugated
proteins
TWO DIVISIONS OF DERIVED PROTEINS:

1. PRIMARY PROTEIN DERIVATIVES


• Have undergone slight intramolecular rearrangement through the
hydrolytic action of certain physical and chemical agents
PROTEANS

• Insoluble substances resulting from the preliminary action of water, dilute


acids or enzymes
METAPROTEANS

• Soluble in weak acids and alkalines but insoluble in neutral salt solution

• Examples:
• b.1. acid metaproteans – acid albuminate
• b.2. alkali metaproteans – alkali albuminate
COAGULATED PROTEINS

• Insoluble products resulting from either the action of heat, alcohol,


ultraviolet rays or even simple mechanical shaking
2. SECONDARY PROTEIN DERIVATIVES
• Products of more extensive hydrolysis

• Mixtures of fragments of original protein varying in composition and size


PRIMARY PROTEOSES SECONDARY PROTEOSES

• Precipitated by conc. HNO3 and • Precipitated only by complete


by half saturation with saturation with ammonium sulfate
(NH4)2SO4 or ZnSO4 but not with nitric acid or picric acid

• Not coagulated by heat


PEPTONES

• Not coagulated by heat and not precipitated by saturation with ammonium sulfate
but by certain alkaloidal reagents such as phosphotungstic and tannic acids
PEPTIDES

• Are combinations of two or more amino acids, the carboxyl group of one
being united with the amino group of the other

• Examples: di, tri, tetra, penta and poly peptide


ACCORDING TO
BIOLOGICAL
SIGNIFICANCE:
CLASSIFICATION
OF PROTEINS
1. TRANSPORT PROTEINS
2. STORAGE PROTEINS

• Store small molecules and ions


3. CONTRACTILE PROTIENS

• Conduction of nerve impulses


4. STRUCTURAL PROTIEN

• Provide mechanical support and


structure

• Examples:

• COLLAGEN – for mechanical strength


of bones

• KERATIN – hair
5. PROTECTION PROTIENS 6. CATALYTIC PROTIENS

• “natural defense proteins” • Used to catalyze biochemical reactions


7. CHEMICAL MESSENGERS

• Hormonal action

Almost all of the compounds in the body are protein in nature


ACCORDING TO
CONFORMATION /
SHAPE:
CLASSIFICATION
OF PROTEINS
A. FIBRUOS
A. FIBROUS PROTEINS

• EXAMPLES:
1. Collagen – most important protein in human connective tissue

2. Elastin – similar to collagen but cannot be converted to gelatin

3. Keratin – insoluble, indigestible, fibrous protein


B. GLOBULAR PROTEINS C. MIXED PROTEINS

• Major component of hair, nails and • Resembles fibrous protein in


feathers terms of strength

• Polypeptides are arranged in compact


spherical forms

• Soluble in water
REFERENCES
• Espino-Cabatit (1988) Biochemistry 12th ed. UST
Press, Manila.

• Vasudevan, D. (1395). Textbook of BIOCHEMISTRY


for Medical Students (7th Editio). Jaypee Brothers
MedicalL Publishers (P) LTD.
THANK YOU

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