SOCIAL WELFARE POLICIES PROGRAMS AND SERVICES

What is social welfare?

• Covers what men do for the good of the society
• Organized concern of all people for all people (Gertrude Wilson)
• Organized system of social services and institutions designed to aid individuals and groups to attain
satisfying standards of life and health (Walter Friedlander
• Social welfare includes those laws, programs, benefits and services which assure or strengthen
provisions for meeting social needs recognized as basic to the well-being of the population and the
better functioning of the social order. (Elizabeth Wickenden)
• Social Welfare encompasses the well-being of all the members of human society, including their
physical, mental, emotional, social, economic and spiritual well-being.

WHAT IS A POLICY?
 Policy, an all-inclusive word, refers to just about anything a government does.
 Policies develop as “a way of dealing with problems” (Richan, 1988, p.xi); they are the end result of
choices made by legislators, executives, and agency bureaucrats. Almost all such choices are the
outcome of long, often tortuous debate and reflect both value preference and compromise
SOCIAL POLICY
 Social policies are those principles, procedures, and courses of action established in statute,
administrative code, and agency regulation that affect people's social well-being.
 Tax, transportation, public health, environmental, and social security statutes, as well as the
implementation of codes and regulations that directly influence individual well-being, are examples of
social policies
 -----In its most basic form, social policy incorporates five core characteristics.
 First, policy is the formal expression of a community’s values, principles, and beliefs.
 Second, these values, principles, and beliefs become reality through a program and its resulting
services.
 Third, policy provides legitimacy and sanctions an organization to provide a particular program or
service.
 Fourth, policy offers a roadmap for an organization to realize its mission.
 Fifth, policy creates the broad structural framework that guides the practitioner in his or her
professional role.
SOCIAL WELFARE POLICY
 Social welfare policy, in turn, is a subset or one portion of social policy. Social welfare policies may be
thought of as those policies that affect the distribution of resources. According to Richan (1988),
 Social welfare policy [as opposed to social policy, which is broader, and public policy, which is broader
still] is concerned mainly with the transfer of goods and services to individuals and families, either
through government agencies, voluntary nonprofit organizations or profit-making companies
  Macro social welfare policy provides a framework and means to strengthen larger communities.
 As an instrument of change, social welfare policy can reduce or eliminate a particular issue that impacts
at-risk and marginalized population groups such as children, families, seniors, and people of color.
 Micro social welfare policy directly influences the scope of work provided by the practitioner.
 Program eligibility, the form of services provided, a program’s delivery structure, and funding
mechanisms are outcomes of micro social welfare policy.
Justice and Social Welfare Policy
 Social welfare policy is rooted in the principles and theories of justice. Effective policy practice requires
identification, understanding, and assessment of the various justice theories that interact with and
influence the development of a policy position.
 Policies reflect choices of a government or a nongovernmental agency (for example, a nonprofit social
service agency). Such choices are tied to and build values, beliefs, and principles; programs vary in
form and function with services ranging from minimal and limiting to comprehensive and wide ranging.
For example, the primary public assistance program targeting poor families, Temporary Assistance to
Needy Families (TANF), is time limited, with minimal cash assistance and access to other public
assistance programs including the Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program and Medicaid.
 Social work practitioners understand that policy affects service delivery, and they actively engage in
policy practice. Social workers know the history and current structures of social policies and services;
the role of policy in service delivery; and the role of practice in policy development.
Social workers
• advocate for client access to the services of social work;
• practice personal reflection and self-correction to assure continual professional development;
• attend to professional roles and boundaries;
• demonstrate professional demeanor in behavior, appearance, and communication;
• engage in career-long learning; and
• use supervision and consultation.

. Conception of Development
“Development”
- is a process that increases choices. It means new options, diversification, thinking about apparent
issues differently and anticipating change (Christenson et.al., 1989).
- Development involves change, improvement and vitality – a directed attempt to improve
participation, flexibility, equity, attitudes, the function of institutions and the quality of life.
- It is the creation of wealth – wealth meaning the things people value, not just dollars (Shaffer, 1989).
It leads to a net addition to community assets, avoiding the “zero sum” situation where a job created
“here”, is a job lost “there”.
Community
- An aggregate of people living in the same geographical area, sharing the same values, attitudes, norms
Community Development
• Putting the two terms together – community development – means that a community itself engages in a
process aimed at improving the social, economic and environmental situation of the community.
8 Dimensions of Development
a. Socio-Cultural
b. Physical
c. Emotional-psychological
d. Moral-Spiritual
e. Technological
f. Political
g. Intellectual
h. Economic

Economic
Concerns the capacity of man to/groups to provide adequate resources to meet basic needs and
provide decent way of life.
Emotional-psychological
Concerns man’s emotional attitudes towards life, his capacity to meet the “strains and stress” of life.
Physical
Concerns maintenance of health and physical order within a community. (infrastructure, facilities,
establishments)
Intellectual
Concerns capacity of man to develop knowledge and skills for the improvement of life.
Technological
Concerns man’s capacity to employ the use of science and discoveries to improves man’s way of life.
Socio-Cultural
Concerns the quality of social relationships or the interaction among the individuals/groups within a
society.
Political
Concerns practice of governance and maintenance of peace and order within a community.
 Programs and services of DSWD
Types of programs
• Center-Based Services
Services rendered in facilities referred to as “centers” on a daily basis during part of the day.
These facilities may also accommodate clients who need to undergo through assessment and
diagnosis for a maximum of three weeks.
• Community-based Services
Preventive rehabilitative and developmental programs and initiatives that mobilize / utilize the
family and communicate to respond the problem, need, issues or concern of children, women, youth ,
person with disabilities, older persons and families who are in need or at –risk.
• Residential Care services
Centers and facilities that provide 24-hour alternative family care to poor vulnerable and
disadvantaged individual and family in crisis whose need cannot be met by their families and relatives
or by any other form of alternative family care for a period of time.

Pantawid Pamilyang Pilipino Program (4p’s)

- is a human development measure of the national government that provide conditional cash grants to
the poorest of the poor, to improve the health, nutrition and education of children aged 0-18.
Objectives
1. Social assistance
- Giving monetary support to extremely poor families to respond to their immediate needs.
2. Social development
- Breaking the intergenerational poverty cycle by investing in the health and education of the poor
children through programs such as:
o health check-ups for pregnant women and children age 0-5

o Deworming of school children aged 6-14

o Enrolment of children in daycare., elementary and secondary

o Family development sessions,

Qualifications
 Resident of the poorest municipalities, based on the small area estimate (SAE_ of the national
statistical coordination board (NSCB)
 Household whose economic condition is equal to or below the provincial poverty threshold.
 Household hat have children 0-18 years old and/or have a pregnant women at the time of assessment
 Household that agree to meet conditions specified in the program.
Cash Grant
• Health grant
 - P500 per household every month or a total of P6,ooo every year
• Educational grant
- P300 per child every moth for ten months, or a total of P3,000 every year.
• A household may register a maximum of three children for the program.
• For a household with three children, may receive P1,400 every month or a total of P15, 000 every year
for five years, from this two types of cash grant.
Conditions and compliance
1. Pregnant women must avail pre- and post-natal care, and be attended during childbirth by a trained
professional
2. Parents or guardians must attend the family development sessions, which include topics on responsible
parenting, health and nutrition
3. Children age 0-5 must receive regular preventive health check-ups and vaccines
4. Children age 6-14 must receive deworming pills twice a year.
5. Children-beneficiaries age 3-18 must enroll in school, and maintain an attendance of at least 85% of
class days every month.

Complementing with the 4Ps is the Modified conditional cash transfer (MCCT) Program
- This program cater with the families in need of special protection. These include street families, itinerant
indigenous families, families displace by natural or man-made disasters, families with person with disability
(PWD), Child laborer, children in conflict with the law, and families with members with terminal disease and
victim of human trafficking.
Self-Employment AssistancE – Kaunlaran (SEA-K) Program
SEA-K Program is a capability building program of the DSWD and local government units which aims to
enhance the socio-economic skills of poor families through the organization of community-based associations
for entrepreneurial development.
Eligible Borrowers:
• SEA-K is available to disadvantaged individuals who possess the following qualities:
* Must be 16 years old (with adult supervision) and above
* With monthly income of not more than P7,432.00 for a family of 6 members
* Without access to any formal lending institution
* Must be physically and mentally capable of implementing the micro-enterprise project being proposed
* Must be a resident of present community for the last 6 months, and who intends to stay in his/her
community for the next 2 years
* With positive work attitude
* Must have good relations with his/her family and community
* With a good reputation in his/her community
* Must be concerned for the welfare of his/her family and community
• PURPOSE OF LOAN / CAPITAL ASSISTANCE:
* Micro-enterprise project
* Basic shelter and home improvement
 • LOAN AMOUNT:
- Minimum of P5,000 and Maximum of P25,000 per individual member depending on the project
being proposed
• MATURITY / REPAYMENT:
- Within 1-2 year period
Sustainable livelihood Program (SLP)
• SLP is a community-based capacity building program which equips participants to actively contribute to
production and labor markets by looking at available resources and accessible markets.
• The program has two tracks, the Micro-enterprise Development, wherein beneficiaries are given start-
up capital to start a small business; and Employment Facilitation, wherein participants are provided with
technical skills training, occupational guidance, and job referrals/placement.
• SLP increases the economic opportunities of the families through the different modalities that it offers
such as skills training, seed capital fund, pre-employment assistance fund, and the cash for building
livelihood assets.
• In an aim to capacitate development in terms of livelihood among villages in Lanao del Norte that were
greatly affected by armed conflicts before, the PAyapa at MAsaganang PamayaNAn (PAMANA) in
convergence with the Sustainable Livelihood Program under Department of Social Welfare and
Development in Region 10 has given projects that target to aid residents in building permanent form of
livelihood and normalize their daily lives.
• SLP-PAMANA projects are community-based projects built through the lead of each barangay’s
SLP Association who identifies livelihood projects that would likely solve the most pressing needs of
their barangay comes to income-generation. These projects could be in Production or Consolidation
Units mode. For production, projects might be manufacturing or processing facilities. Consolidation
Unit, on the other hand, could be projects in form of acquisition and consolidation of goods from
suppliers; selling, supplying and distributing goods, or transport facilities.
• PAMANA areas are selected and prioritized based on data provided by local government units and
security sector. Summing up, these are emerging MNLF areas that need further development, areas
affected by and vulnerable to armed conflicts as validated through assessments and consultations with
the LGUs.
PAyapa at MAsaganang PamayaNAn (PAMANA)
• PAMANA is a program and framework of Government of the Philippines through Office of Presidential
Adviser for Peace Process (OPAPP) that intend to respond and strengthen peace building, as well as
reconstruction and development on conflict-affected areas. It is being implemented through partnership
with different government agencies. In terms of livelihood, it engaged with DSWD. Thus, PAMANA has
become a special project under Sustainable Livelihood Program

Kapitbisig Laban sa Kahirapan-Comprehensive and Integrated Delivery of Social Services-National

Community Driven Development program (KALAHI-CIDSS).
 Under this program, the people themselves decide on issues directly affecting them, as well as draw
up solutions in partnership with the Local Government Units (LGUs).
  KALAHI-CIDSS seeks to reduce
• poverty and vulnerabilities to poverty by addressing
• a lack of capacity and resources at the local level and
• limited responsiveness of local governments to community
• priorities.
Three main components of KALAHI-CIDSS.
- Capacity-building and implementation support,
- community grants
- monitoring and evaluation
The Main Principles of KALAHI-CIDSS
• Localized Decision Making
- This principle emphasizes the importance of community discussions and decision making, including
the formulation and implementation of projects and other interventions to address problems that
community residents have identified.
• Empowerment
-The project invests heavily in capacity-building activities that progressively develop the capabilities
of the people, including analysis of local conditions, design of appropriate development interventions,
and implementation of development projects. Capacity building takes place throughout the community
empowerment activity cycle in which communities realize their individual and collective strengths,
acquire and develop community and project management skills, and increase their confidence to
engage local governments in periodic dialogues to improve resource allocation and delivery of basic
services.
• Transparency
- Peoples’ participation is the project’s core requirement and the prerequisite to the success of all
activities and interventions. Village assemblies provide opportunities for people to participate and be
informed about the physical and financial status of subprojects. Consultation on community issues or
problems promotes responsibility and accountability. The KALAHI-CIDSS multilevel monitoring system,
including the use of nongovernment organizations and media as independent monitors and the
grievance monitoring and resolution mechanism, supports transparency.
• Inclusiveness
- The entire community, including formal and traditional leaders, representatives of different sectors,
individuals, groups, and local organizations, are encouraged to participate in KALAHICIDSS. Special
efforts ensure the participation of women and indigenous people. Broadening the base of participation
prevents elite capture of project activities and benefits.
• Community Priority Setting
- Selection of subprojects and capacity-building activities is the product of a collective decision-
making process. Projects are prioritized for funding by a municipal inter-barangay (intervillage) forum
whose members are elected by the participating villages.
 • Demand Driven
- KALAHI-CIDSS supports communities with prioritizing their own needs and problems, designing
their own subprojects, and making decisions on how resources are used. Residents develop ownership
of the subprojects they have identified, developed, and implemented, so the subprojects have better
outcomes and are more sustainable than would otherwise be the case. Simple KALAHI-CIDSS
procedures and other requirements are simple and are designed to facilitate understanding,
appreciation, and involvement of all stakeholders. Sustainable Communities are required to develop
and implement viable plans for sustainability for each subproject to ensure that they deliver intended
benefits over the long term.

Supplementary Feeding for Children (SFP)

• The SFP is a program, which provides food to children daily in addition to their regular meals. It is an
augmentation support to the feeding program of the LGU and it uses indigenous food and/or locally
processed food equivalent to 1/3 of the Recommended Energy and Nutrient Intakes
• Parents manage the feeding program preparation of meal cycle using the available indigenous food
supplies. Children beneficiaries are weighed at the start of the feeding and after the completion of 120
feeding days to determine improvement in their nutritional status.
• As part of the SFP implementation, the participating parents are also mobilized to attend nine
capability-building sessions on self, family, parenting, health and nutrition, love of country, and home
and environment.

Social Pension for Indigent Seniors

Indigent senior citizens can receive the P500 monthly social pension as provided for
by Republic Act No. 9994 or the Expanded Senior Citizens Act of 2010. Qualified to receive the P500
monthly stipend are senior citizens who are frail, sickly, or have disabilities; are not receiving pension
from Social Security System (SSS), Government Service Insurance System (GSIS), or Veterans
Pension; and do not have a permanent source of income or regular support from relatives.

Centers and Institution

Center/Institutions: Elsie Gaches Village
• Description: A residential institution that provides care and rehabilitation to abandoned and neglected
children with special needs such as cerebral palsy, epilepsy, visual and hearing impairment, mental
retardation, autism and other related illnesses
Address: Alabang, Zapote Road., Alabang, Muntinlupa City
• Center/Institutions: Jose Fabella Center

Description: A residential institution that provides temporary shelter for strandees, vagrants and
mendicants
Address: Welfareville, Correctional Road, Mandaluyong City
• Center/Institutions: Marillac Hills

Description: A rehabilitation center for young women which caters to abused, exploited or are in conflict
with the law.
Address: Fil-Invest, Alabang, Muntinlupa City
• Center/Institutions: Haven For Children
• Description: A residential institution that provides rehabilitation facilities for boys aged 7-13 who are
recovering from substance abuse.
Address: Alabang, Muntinlupa City

• Center/Institutions: National/Area Vocational Rehabilitation Center

Description: A non-residential institution that provides programs and services to persons with
disabilities and other special groups.
Address: J.P. Burgos St., Project 4, Quezon City

• Center/Institutions: Nayon ng Kabataan

Description: A residential institution for abused, orphaned, abandoned, neglected and exploited
children ages 7-17 years old.
Address: Welfareville Compound, Mandaluyong City

• Center/Institutions: Rehabilitation Sheltered Workshop

Description: A business work oriented rehabilitation facility operated and managed by the government
which provides training and productive employment for the physically, socially and mentally disabled
persons by producing and selling goods or services for economic self sufficiency of the client.
Address: J.P. Burgos St., Project 4, Quezon City
• Center/Institutions: Area Vocational Rehabilitation Center

Description: A non-residential institution that provides programs and services to persons with
disabilities and other special groups.
Address: AVRC I, Bonuan, Gueset, Dagupan City

• Center/Institutions: Sanctuary Center

Description: A residential institution that serves as halfway home to female 18 years old and above who
are improving from psychosis and other mental illness.
Address: Welfareville Compound, Mandaluyong City
• Center/Institutions: Reception and Study Center for Children (RSCC)

Description: Child-caring institution that provide services to abandoned, neglected and/or surrendered
children 0-6 years of age.
Address: Misamis St., Bago Bantay, Quezon City
 Project vs. Program
Project
Cluster of activities
Program
Cluster of projects
Purpose:
 Created to address a specific concern. The need or concern usually requires immediate attention.
 It is undertaken to resolve an existing problem/need and or take advantage of a rare opportunity that
present itself
Design of a project/program is always aimed to produce well-defined outputs that are particularly linked to a
particular problem, need, concern

Differences of Project and Program

Similarities of Project and Program
 They are aligned to strategic objectives: It is lined up to the company’s/organization’s strategic
objectives.
 Projects and programs both deliver change. You do a project or a program and at the end something is
different. This could be something big, or something small. Programs tend to have larger goals for
changing the status quo and often include an element of cultural change but the concept is the same.

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7876

AN ACT ESTABLISHING A SENIOR CITIZENS CENTER IN ALL CITIES AND MUNICIPALITIES
OF THE PHILIPPINES, AND APPROPRIATING FUNDS THEREFOR.

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 8187

Pursuant to Republic Act No. 8187 entitled, “An Act Granting Paternity Leave of Seven (7) Days With
Full Pay To All Married Male Employees In the Private and Public Sectors For the First Four (4) Deliveries of
the Legitimate Spouse With Whom He Is Cohabiting And For Other Purposes,”
REPUBLIC ACT NO.9257
AN ACT GRANTING ADDITIONAL BENEFITS AND PRIVILEGES TO SENIOR CITIZENS AMENDING FOR
THE PURPOSE REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7432, OTHERWISE KNOWN AS "AN ACT TO MAXIMIZE THE
CONTRIBUTION OF SENIOR CITIZENSTO NATION BUILDING, GRANT BENEFITS AND SPECIAL
PRIVILEGES FOR OTHER PURPOSES.

SOCIAL LEGISLATION FOR WOMEN

R.A. 6525
- An Act Strengthening the prohibition on discrimination against women with respect to terms and
conditions of employment
- April 27, 1989
RA 6237 – Amending Terms and Conditions on Prohibition from Performing Work
» Which requires always standing or which involves the lifting of heavy objects
» Between ten o’clock at night and ten o’clock in the morning of the following day ( in any commercial or
industrial undertaking or branch thereof, other than agricultural)
R.A. 6955; May 15, 1990
An Act to declare unlawful the practice of matching Filipino women for marriage to foreign nationals on a
mail-order basis and other similar practices, including the advertisement, publication, printing or distribution of
brochure, fliers and other propaganda materials
R.A. 7192
- Women in Nation Building Act of 1992
- December 11, 1992
- An Act promoting the integration of women as full and equal partners of men in development and nation
building
R.A. 7877
- Anti Sexual Harassment Act of 1995
- Feb. 14, 1995
- The “Anti-Sexual Harassment Act of 1995” punishes all forms of sexual harassment in the employment,
education or training environment
R.A. 8353
- Anti-Rape Law of 1997
- Sept 7, 1997
- An Act Expanding the definition of the crime of rape, reclassifying the same as a crime against persons,
amending R.A. 3815 (Revised Penal Code)
NOTE:
There is NO issue of consent for child victims under the age of 12 years old. Children under 12
CANNOT give their consent
R.A. 8505
- Rape Victims Assistance and Protection Act of 1998
- Feb 5, 1998
- An Act providing assistance and protection for rape victims, establishing for the purpose a Rape Crisis
Center in every province and city
R.A. 9208
- Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003
- May 12, 2003
- An Act to institute policies to eliminate trafficking in persons especially women and children, establishing
the necessary institutional mechanisms for the protection support of trafficked persons, providing penalties for
its violations, and for other purposes
- (The Anti-Trafficking in Persons Act of 2003) as amended by R.A. 10364 (The Expanded Anti-
Trafficking in Persons Act of 2012)
Trafficking in Persons - refers to the recruitment, obtaining, hiring, providing, offering, transportation, transfer,
maintaining, harboring, or receipt of persons with or without the victim’s consent or knowledge, within or across
national borders by means of threat or use of force, or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud, deception,
abuse of power or of position, taking advantage of the vulnerability of the person, or, the giving or receiving of
payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person for the purpose of
exploitation which includes at a minimum, the exploitation or the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual
exploitation, forced labor or services, slavery, servitude or the removal or sale of organs.
Prostitution - refers to any act, transaction, scheme or design involving the use of a person by another, for
sexual intercourse or lascivious conduct in exchange for money, profit or any other consideration.
Forced Labor – refers to the extraction of work or services from any person by means of enticement, violence,
intimidation or threat, use of force or coercion, including deprivation of freedom, abuse of authority or moral
ascendancy, debt-bondage or deception including any work or service extracted from any person under the
menace of penalty..
Involuntary servitude – refers to a condition of enforced, compulsory service induced by means of any
scheme, plan or pattern, intended to cause a person to believe that , if the person did not enter into or continue
in such condition, that person or another person would suffer serious harm or other forms of abuse or physical
restraint, or threat of abuse or harm, or coercion including depriving access to travel documents and
withholding salaries, or the abuse or threatened abuse of the legal process.
Debt Bondage – refers to the pledging by the debtor of his/her personal services or labor or those of a person
under his/her control as security or payment for a debt, when the length and nature of services is not clearly
defined or when the value of the services as reasonably assessed is not applied toward the liquidation of the
debt.
Slavery – refers to the status or condition of a person over whom any or all of the powers attaching to the right
of ownership are exercised.
Sex Tourism – refers to a program organized by travel and tourism-related establishments and individuals
which consists of tourism packages or activities, utilizing and offering escort and sexual services as enticement
for tourists. This includes sexual services and practices offered during rest and recreation periods for
members of the military.
Sexual Exploitation – refers to participation by a person in prostitution, pornography or the production of
pornography, in exchange for money, profit or any other consideration or where the participation is caused or
facilitated by any means of intimidation or threat, use of force, or other forms of coercion, abduction, fraud,
deception, debt bondage, abuse of power or of position or of legal process, taking advantage of the
vulnerability of person, or giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having
control over another person; or in sexual intercourse or lascivious conduct caused or facilitated by any means.
Pornography – refers to any representation, through publication, exhibition, cinematography, indecent shows,
information technology, or by whatever means, of a person engaged in real or simulated explicit sexual
activities or any representation of the sexual parts of a person primarily for sexual purposes.

CHILD TRAFFICKING
- The recruitment, transportation, transfer, harboring, adoption or receipt of a CHILD for the purpose of
exploitation or when the adoption is induced by any form of consideration for exploitative purpose shall also be
considered as trafficking in persons even if it does not involve any of the means set forth in the law
Child – refers to a person below 18 years of age or one who is over 18 but is unable to fully take care of or
protect himself/herself from abuse, neglect, cruelty, exploitation, or discrimination because of a physical or
mental disability or condition.
PUNISHABLE ACTS:
• Acts of trafficking in persons
• Attempted Trafficking in persons
• Acts that Promote Trafficking in Persons
• Violation of Confidentiality
• Being an Accomplice
• Being an Accessory
• Use of Trafficked Person

ACCOMPLICE
• Knowingly aids, abets, cooperates in the execution of the offense by previous or simultaneous acts
ACCESSORY
• Whoever has a knowledge of the crime and without having participated therein, either as principal or
accomplice but took part through:
• Legal Protection to Trafficked Persons. - Trafficked persons shall be recognized as victims of the act
or acts of trafficking and as such shall not be penalized for crimes directly related to the acts of
trafficking enumerated in this Act or in obedience to the order made by the trafficker in relation thereto.
In this regard, the consent of a trafficked person to the intended exploitation set forth in this Act shall be
irrelevant.
• Preferential Entitlement Under the Witness Protection Program. - Any provision of Republic Act
No. 6981 to the contrary notwithstanding, any trafficked person shall be entitled to the witness
protection program provided therein.
Laws, Rules and Regulation on Person with Disabilities
The World Health Organization describes person with disabilities (PWD’s) as “ those suffering
from restriction of different abilities as a result of a mental, physical or sensory impairment, to perform
an activity in the manner or within the range considered normal for a human being”
Community Based Rehabilitation Program (CBR) adopted this operational definition of
disabled person: “ one who in his or her society is regarded or officially recognized as such because of
the difference in appearance and/or behavior in combination with a functional limitation or an activity
restriction”
As a field of social work practice, work with person with disabilities means work with the physical
handicapped like the blind, deaf and deaf mutes, the crippled and those who are victims of physical
deformities.
Social Work’s contributions in working with disabled or handicapped person lies mainly in the
area of rehabilitation.
Republic Act 344
"An Act to Enhance the Mobility of Disabled Persons by Requiring Certain Buildings, Institutions,
Establishments, and Other Public Utilities To Install Facilities and Other Devices.“
CATEGORIES OF DISABLED PEOPLE
• confinement to wheelchairs
• requiring use of braces, crutches, artificial supports
• impairment of hearing or sight
• aging and in coordination
• acquired or congenital mental impairments

Persons / Individuals Liable for any Violations of the ActFor Buildings/Establishment/Structure

• Owner or Operator of the Building, Establishment or Structure
• Contractor
• Architect
• Engineer
• Building Official or Other Public Official in-charge with the issuance of building permit,
registration, certification and/or inspection of the building, establishment or structure.

REPUBLIC ACT NO. 7277

AN ACT PROVIDING FOR THE REHABILITATION, SELF DEVELOPMENT AND SELF-
RELIANCE OF DISABLED PERSONS AND THEIR INTEGRATION INTO THE MAINSTREAM OF
SOCIETY AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES.
 Issues and Cases
Women
- Prostitution
- Division of Domestic Labor
- Issues with/ in Media
- Social Inequality
- Violence Against Women
- Rape
1.Prostitution
- the sale and purchase of sexual relations
Causes of Prostitution
 Poverty
 Illegally recruited Filipino job seekers
 The lure of city life that seemingly promises a better quality of life
 Acculturation
Effects of prostitution
 Abuse of the human body
 Disregard for decency and morality
 Spread of STD, AIDS virus
 Unwanted pregnancy

2. The Division of Domestic Labour

Otherwise known as "the final feminist frontier“
What we’re talking about when we talk about housework are entrenched ideas that housework and childcare
are women’s work and, because women are paid less than men, they’re more likely to give up their jobs to
enter a world of underpaid drudgery. It should go without saying that making the choice to stay at home is as
admirable as any work, and a choice that deserves social recognition rather than eye-rolling snipes about
"desperate housewives.”

3. The Media
 The media does a lot to perpetuate unhelpful stereotypes, and culprits range from Weetabix (whose
sexist ad implies your lad can be a superhero but your daughter can’t), to fashion magazines (skinny
women are the only women), to the Daily Mail (eight year old celebrates her curves in unauthorised
bikini shot - hasn’t she inherited her model mother’s legs?) to the sexist scrutiny of female politicians, to
the telly box (just 18 per cent of TV presenters are women over 50), all of which have real-life
implications.
4. Social Inequality
 Around 58 per cent of careers are female according to the Office of National Statistics, with women in
full-time work still more likely to be careers than men in full-time work. Transgendered women remain
extremely likely to be prejudiced against; lesbian women tend to experience higher levels of
discrimination in the UK than gay men. Black African women who are asylum seekers in the UK have
an appallingly high mortality rate, estimated at 7 times higher than for white women. This rather
depressing state of affairs shows that issues of race, disability, sexual orientation and gender
(amongst many other things) often combine to create a reality of extreme disadvantage for
certain groups. Most of the time, these groups are female.
6. Violence Against Women
 R.A. 9262
7. Rape
 Rape is one of the most prevalent forms of violence against women (VAW) in the Philippines.
 The hard fact is that this is not yet the true representation of the problem. Due to cultural and social
stigmatization associated with rape, many women victims prefer to maintain their silence and not report
their ordeal to the authorities.
What is rape and how is it committed?
 Republic Act No. 8353, known as the Anti-Rape Law of 1997, expanded the definition of the crime of
rape and re-classified it as a crime against persons. Previously, it was classified as a crime against
chastity, and belonged to the group of crimes that include adultery, concubinage, acts of
lasciviousness, seduction, corruption of minors and white slave trade.
 As a crime against persons, the law no longer considers it as a private crime. Anyone who has
knowledge of the crime may file a case on the victim's behalf. Prosecution continues even if the victim
drops the case or pardons the offender.

Issues and Cases of the Children

• Bullying
• Divorce and Children
• Foster Care
• Lack of Access to Education
• Child Neglect
• Child Labor
• Child Prostitution
• Child Pornography
• Trafficking and slavery
1. Bullying
- is a form of youth violence in which repeated verbal, emotional, physical, or psychological attacks are
done to dominate or humiliate.
- Bullying can occur at all ages, from preschool through adulthood. Almost all children will at some time
experience bullying behaviour as bully, victim, and/or observer of others being bullied. Both boys and girls can
be bullies.
- Although adults have often viewed bullying as a normal part of childhood, it is not normal. Many
victims are physically and/or emotionally harmed by bullying. Furthermore, the bullies themselves learn
negative behaviours that, if not corrected, can lead to further violence.
Bullying can take several forms, including:
 Frequent teasing
 Damaging property
 Threats
 Exclusion
 Intimidation
 Harassment
 Violent assault
 Cyberbullying

2. Divorce and Children

 Separation and divorce, and the events leading up to them, interrupt the stability and predictability
that children need.
 Other than the death of an immediate family member, divorce is the most stressful event that can affect
a family. Because the world as they know it has ended, children may feel a great loss as well as
anxiety, anger, and sadness. Children may fear being abandoned or losing their parents' love. Also,
for many reasons, parenting skills often worsen around the time of the divorce. Parents are usually
preoccupied and may be angry and hostile toward each other. Children may feel guilty because
they think they somehow caused the divorce. If parents ignore children or visit sporadically and
unpredictably, children feel rejected.
Stages of adjustment
 Once parents decide to separate and divorce, family members move through several stages of
adjustment. The stages are:
• Acute
• Transitional
• After the divorce
Stages of adjustment
 In the acute stage (the period when parents decide to separate, including the time preceding the
divorce), turmoil is often maximal. This stage may last up to 2 years.
  During the transitional stage (the weeks around the actual divorce), the child is in an adjustment
period to the new relationship between the parents, visitation, and the new relationship with the
noncustodial parent.
 After the divorce (the post-divorce stage), a different type of stability should develop.

Effects on children
 During the divorce, schoolwork may seem unimportant to children and adolescents, and school
performance often worsens. Children may have fantasies that parents will reconcile. Effects on children
vary according to age and development level:
 Children aged 2 to 5 years: May have difficulty sleeping, temper tantrums, and separation anxiety.
Toileting skills may deteriorate.
 Children aged 5 to 12 years: Can experience sadness, grief, intense anger, and irrational fears
(phobias).
 Adolescents: Often feel insecure, lonely, and sad. Some engage in risk-taking behaviors, such as drug
and alcohol use, sex, theft, and violence. Others may develop eating disorders, become defiant, skip
school, or join peers who are engaging in risk-taking behaviors
3. Foster Care
 Most children in foster care come from families that have struggled to provide safe, nurturing, and
loving home environments. They come from families that are often poor, have under-educated, single
parents, and parents who have substance abuse problems or mental illness. The home life is often
chaotic, and medical and dental needs are often unmet.
 About 70% of the children in foster care are put there by Child Protective Services because the child
has been abused or neglected. Removal from their family is enormously painful to children. In
foster care, children may have frequent visits with their families or only limited, supervised
visits.

 Children in foster care often leave behind their neighborhoods, communities, schools, and most of their
belongings. Many children and adolescents in foster care feel anxious, uncertain, and helpless to
control their lives. Many feel angry, rejected, and pained by the separation, or they develop a
profound sense of loss. Some feel guilty, believing that they caused the disruption of their birth family.
Peers often tease children about being in foster care, reinforcing perceptions that they are somehow
different or unworthy.
 Children in foster care have more chronic health problems and behavioral, emotional, and
developmental problems than do other children. They are also less likely to receive appropriate
medical or mental care for their problems. Yet, most children in foster care adjust well as long as the
placement is stable and the foster family is skilled in nurturing the child's emotional needs. Many
children in foster care benefit from counseling.
4. Lack of Access to Education
 Location often contributes to a child’s lack of access and attendance to education. In certain
areas of the world it is more difficult for children to get to school. Gender also contributes to a child’s
lack of access and attendance to education. It is generally believed that girls are often discouraged
from attending primary schooling, especially in less developed countries for religious and cultural
reasons.
5. Child Neglect
 While the consequences of child neglect can be devastating, it leaves no visible marks. Moreover, it
usually involves infants and very young children who cannot speak for themselves. James M. Gaudin
Jr., in “Child Neglect: Short-Term and Long-Term Outcomes”, reported that, compared with non-
maltreated and abused children, neglected children have the worst delays in language
comprehension and expression. Psychologically neglected children also score lowest in IQ
(Intelligence Quotient) tests.
6. Child Labor
 An estimated 211 million children between the ages of 5 and 14 are working around the world,
according to the International Labor Organization. Of these, 120 million children are working full time to
help support their impoverished families.
 There are millions of children whose labor can be considered forced, not only because they are too
young to choose to work, but also because they are, in fact, actively coerced into working. These
include child bonded laborers — children whose labor is pledged by parents as payment or collateral on
a debt — as well as children who are kidnapped or otherwise lured away from their families and
imprisoned in sweatshops or brothels. In addition, millions of children around the world work unseen in
domestic service — given or sold at a very early age to another family.
 Forced child laborers work in conditions that have no resemblance to a free employment relationship.
They receive little or no pay and have no control over their daily lives. They are often forced to
work beyond their physical capacity and under conditions that seriously threaten their health, safety and
development. In many cases their most basic rights, such as freedom of movement and expression, are
suppressed. They are subject to physical and verbal abuse. Even in cases where they are not
physically confined to their workplace, their situation may be so emotionally traumatizing and isolating
that once drawn into forced labor they are unable to conceive of a way to escape.
7. Child Prostitution

 In the Philippines, UNICEF estimated that there are 60,000 child prostitutes and many of the
200 brothels in the notorious Angeles City offer children for sex. The median age for entering
into prostitution among all children interviewed was 13 years.

8. Internet Child Pornography

 The internet is a virtual playground for child predators. It is a place that operates largely
outside of the law. While trading in pedophile pornography is illegal, lack of adequate funding
means law enforcement officials are able to investigate just two percent of their leads. Also,
according to Interpol statistics, only one-half of one percent are ever prosecuted.

9. Trafficking and Slavery

 Trafficking is the fastest growing means by which people are forced into slavery. It affects every
continent and most countries.
 Some children are also abused by the traffickers and employers, for example by depriving them of food
and beating them. The children’s separation from their families and their transportation to a country
where the people, culture and usually the language are completely unknown leaves them dependent on
their employers and de facto forced laborers.
 According to UNICEF, over 200,000 children work as slaves in West and Central Africa. Boys are
usually sold to work on cotton and cocoa plantations while girls are used as domestic servants and
 prostitutes. In some cases, children are kidnapped outright and sold into slavery while in others,
families sell their children, mostly girls, for as little as $14.

Issues affecting families

The family is the basic unit of the society. It is the primary social institution or social group where one is
born.
A family can be defined as a set of people related by blood, marriage or adoption who share the same
primary responsibility for production and caring for members of society.
Contemporary Issues Affecting Families Today
1. Marital conflicts
2. Child abuse
3. Non/poor performance of expected roles
4. Alcoholism and other vices
5. Drug dependence
6. Poverty and inability to provide the needs of the family
7. Concept of family planning
8. Changing family set ups
9. Dissolution of marriage
10. Broken families

Informal Sectors
 The informal sector, informal economy, or grey economy is the part of an economy that is not
taxed, nor monitored by any form of government. Unlike the formal economy, activities that are
engaged in the informal economy are not included in the gross national product (GNP) and gross
domestic product (GDP) of a country.
 It was used to describe a type of employment that was viewed as falling outside of the modern
industrial sector.
 The term is also useful in describing and accounting for forms of shelter or living arrangements that are
similarly unlawful, unregulated, or not afforded protection of the state. ‘Informal economy’ is
increasingly replacing ‘informal sector’ as the preferred descriptor for this activity.
 The informal economy under any governing system is diverse and includessmall-scaled, occasional
members (often street vendors and garbage recyclers) as well as larger, regular enterprises.
 Informal economies include garment workers working from their homes, as well as informally employed
personnel of formal enterprises.
 Employees working in the informal sector can be classified as wage workers, non-wage workers, or a
combination of both.
Other terms used to refer to the informal sector
 Black market
 Shadow economy
 Underground economy
Types of informal sector activities
1. Coping strategies (survival activities): casual jobs, temporary jobs, unpaid jobs, subsistence
agriculture, multiple job holding;
2. Unofficial earning strategies (illegality in business):
• 2.1. Unofficial business activities: tax evasion, avoidance of labor regulation and other
government or institutional regulations, no registration of the company;
• 2.2. Underground activities: crime, corruption - activities not registered by statistical
offices.
Characteristics
 easy entry
- meaning anyone who wishes to join the sector can find some sort of work which will result in cash
earnings, a lack of stable employer-employee relationship a small scale of operations, and skills gained outside
of a formal education.
 Workers who participate in the informal economy are typically classified as employed.
 The type of work that makes up the informal economy is diverse, particularly in terms of capital
invested, technology used, and income generated.
 The most prevalent types of work in the informal economy are home-based workers and street
vendors. Home-based workers are more numerous while street vendors are more visible.
The Informal Economy:
• (1) does not have any written rules or agreements.
(2) it exists merely on verbal understanding.
(3) it does not have fixed wages or fixed hours of work and mostly relies on daily earnings.
(4) in most cases, the work atmosphere is congested and unhygienic.
• the workers in this type of economy usually fail to come together and address their problems through
an association or a group. They have poor awareness levels regarding social protection schemes, are
unable to make savings and do not see the necessity of insuring themselves
• People working as small farmers, street vendors, hawkers, small traders, micro-entrepreneurs, home-
based workers, cobblers, rag-pickers, porters, labourers, artisans, etc…all belong to the Informal
Sector
Migrant Workers
- called as the 'bagong bayani', and essentially it means that they are the heroes of the nation.
"FILIPINO LABOR MIGRATION"
 There are two types of labor migration:
The first is via the route of acquiring permanent residency and eventual citizenship in a foreign country.
The other is what is reffered to as temporary labor migration. Here, labor migrants are on fixed term or
temporary working permits. In today's lingo, these are OFW's (Overseas Filipino Worker)
 Overseas Filipino Workers,
also known as OFW's are Filipinos working abroad that are expected to return permanently either upon
the expiration of a work contract or upon retirement.

Reasons for migration

• poverty and unemployment
• corrupt government in the Philippines
• lack of educational and work opportunities.
• wide disparity of incomes and opportunities between wages in the countries of intended migration and
those available at home
DILEMMA OF OFW
1. Cultural adjustment
2. Abuses/ Employers abuse
3. Separation anxiety
4. Tenure of employment

Republic Act No. 8042

 MIGRANT WORKERS AND OVERSEAS FILIPINOS ACT OF 19

● An act to institute the policies of overseas employment and establish a higher standard of protection and
promotion of the welfare of migrant workers, their families and overseas Filipinos in distress, and for other
purposes.

WHAT IS PMRW ?
The Philippine Migrants Rights Watch is a registered civil society network that was established in 1995 to
encourage the recognition, protection and fulfillment of Filipino migrant's rights- both in the Philippines and
abroad during the entire migration process.
The objectives of PMRW are the ff:
● To carry out education, lobbying, and monitoring activities toward the recognition, protection, and fulfillment
of the rights of all Filipino migrants and members of their families before departure, during migration, and upon
return.
● To monitor respect for and expose abuses of Filipino migrants rights toward the pursuit of justice.
● To disseminate information among migrant workers and their associations; and in dialogue with them.
5 Most Common Issues OFW's Encounter

1. Providing basic necessities for themselves and their families

2. Lack of savings
3. Relatives and friends who loan and do not pay
4. Unpaid loans
5. Illegal recruitment

Other OFW Problems

1. high placement fees

2. contract switching or failure to honor working contracts
3. offloading at Philippine airport
4. illegal recruitment
5. workers unable to save money
6. employer abuse
7. broken families

PEASANT
A peasant is a member of traditional class of farmers, either laborers or owners of small farms or land.
Peasant either hold a title to land in fee simple, or hold land by any of several forms of land tenure:
Ø SOCAGE
Ø QUIT-RENT
Ø LEASEHOLD
Ø COPYHOLD
PEASANT ECONOMICS
- is an area of economics in which a wide variety of economic approaches ranging from the neoclassical to
the Marxist are used to examine the political economy of the peasantry.
THEORIES OF PEASANT BEHAVIORS
Ø Maximization of profits
Ø Risk Aversion
Ø Drudgery Aversion
Ø Sharecropping

PROBLEMS OF PEASANT:
- Farmers are faced with new challenges and opportunities everyday—from feeding an expanding global
population while meeting strict new emissions requirements, to producing more food on fewer acres while
minimizing their environmental footprint.
ISSUES IDENTIFIED IN THE SURVEY INCLUDE:
ž Supplying the growing global demand for commodities arising from developing economies and world
population growth.
ž Availability and price of land for expansion.
ž New government mandates and regulations.
ž Stability, development and fluctuations in global financial markets.
ž Impact of global trade policies on food security and the supply and demand for commodities.
ž Development and use of bio-based fuels.
ž Weather
ž Farmed areas-both on land and in the water-provide important habitats for many wild plants and
animals.
ž When farming operations are sustainably managed, they can help preserve and restore critical habitats,
protect watersheds, and improve soil health and water quality.
ž But when practiced without care, farming presents the greatest threat to species and ecosystems.

NEGATIVE ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS from unsustainable farming practices include:

ž Land conversion and habitat loss
ž Wasteful water consumption
ž Soil erosion and degradation
ž Pollution
ž Climate

ISSUES AND CASES ON INDIGENOUS PEOPLE

INDIGENOUS PEOPLE
• They belong to the most marginalized and vulnerable people in the world. At the same time, indigenous
peoples are the custodians of some of the most biologically diverse areas on earth.
Indigenous People of the Philippines
“The Philippines is a culturally diverse country with an estimated 14- 17 million Indigenous Peoples (IPs)
belonging to 110 ethno-linguistic groups. They are mainly concentrated in Northern Luzon (Cordillera
Administrative Region, 33%) and Mindanao (61%), with some groups in the Visayas area (as of 2013).”
ISSUES:
Discrimination and assimilation
As a result of centuries of colonization and discrimination indigenous people have been killed, driven
away and subordinated while their lands and territories have been taken away from them without their consent.
Until today indigenous peoples are often discriminated by the dominant group in the country where they live.
they are excluded from the society, they are forced to assimilate to the dominant culture. This has a negative
impact on the survival of the indigenous language, culture and traditions, which are seen as backward by the
dominant culture.
Economic globalization
• In recent decades, indigenous peoples have faced the increasing negative impacts of economic
globalization on their natural environment and their well being. The growing global economy has
increased the demand for natural resources.
Conflict areas
• In many areas of the world indigenous peoples are involved in violent conflicts. The exploitation of
natural resources, the lack of political participation, poverty and repression have forced some
indigenous groups to use violence in conflicts with governments and multinationals. In other cases
indigenous peoples have become trapped in violent conflict caused by other parties.
• Indigenous peoples have a serious human rights problem.
The nations of the world refuse to recognize that indigenous peoples have human rights. Those
rights are the same as the rights of all human beings, and are now well secured by international human
rights law and by the laws of many countries.
What are the rights that indigenous peoples seek?
• First, they want to be recognized for who they are: distinct groups with their own unique cultures.
Indigenous peoples want to enjoy and pass on to their children their histories, languages, traditions,
modes of internal governance, spiritual practices, and all else that makes them who they are.
• Second, they want the governments to respect their ability to determine for themselves their own
destinies.
• Third, indigenous peoples want to enjoy the same rights as all other people without discrimination of
any kind. They want to be regarded by everyone as full and equal human beings.
• Fourth, indigenous peoples want to enjoy their rights to the lands, territories, and resources that they
have traditionally owned, occupied, or otherwise used.
• Fifth, indigenous peoples want to be left alone. They want the armed conflicts that embroil the states in
which they live to take place somewhere other than on their lands.
R.A. 8371 “INDIGENOUS PEOPLE’S RIGHTS ACT OF 1997”
An act to recognize, protect and promote the rights of indigenous cultural communities/
indigenous peoples, creating a National Commission on Indigenous Peoples, establishing
implementing mechanisms, and appropriating funds for the purpose.

Negative impacts on the life and well-being of the indigenous peoples, including:
• Human rights violations
• Forced evictions through loss of land and/or privatisation of land
• Poverty
• Loss of bio cultural diversity and traditional knowledge
• Environmental degradation and loss of biodiversity
What is LGBT?
LGBT stands for Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual and Transgender. They are the people who are more likely to
experience intolerance, discrimination, harassment, and the threat to violence due to sexual orientation than
those that identify themselves as heterosexual.
MAJOR PROBLEMS FACED BY LGBT PEOPLE
MAJOR PROBLEMS FACED BY LGBT PEOPLE
- Marginalization is at the core of exclusion from fulfilling and full social lives of individual, interpersonal and
societal levels. People who are marginalized have relatively control over their lives and their resources
available to them.
- Their opportunities to make social contributions may become limited and they may develop low self esteem
and may become isolated. LGBT individuals may experience multiple forms of marginalization- such as racism,
sexism, poverty or other factors- alongside homophobia or transphobia that negatively impact on mental
health.

PUBLIC POLICY MODEL

STAGES MODEL
• Provides a good illustration of the usefulness of analytical framework for examining public policies.
• Linear model
• Sequential model
• Public policy cycle
• Process of producing public policies thru various stages
FIVE STAGES
1. Agenda setting - Process through which a policy and the problem is intended to address and
acknowledged to be of public interest.
TYPES of AGENDA
1. Discussion agenda or public agenda
2. Decision agenda or formal agenda
Prerequisites for a policy to be placed on the agenda;
- Individuals or groups must acknowledge that a situation is problematic
- Identify the problematic aspects of the situations
- Propose solutions
- Engage in activities that influence the government and pressure it to intervene including identifying
groups that can play an active role in addressing the problem

2. Policy formulation -
- The public administration concerned examines the various policy options it considers to be of
possible solutions.
 - The power relationships crystallize to determine the direction a policy will take.
- The coalitions of actors strive through the use of advocacy strategies to gain priority for one specific
interpretation of both the problem and its solution.

3. Policy adoption (decision making)

- This is the stage which the decisions are made at the government level, resulting in a decision that
favours one or more approaches to addressing a given problem

4. Implementation
- Implementation parameters are established which can directly affect the eventual outcome of the
policy.
FACTORS to be considered:
1. Type and complexity of the problem addressed
2. Magnitude of the expected change and the groups targeted by the policy.
3. The Human and financial resources devoted to the implementation
4. The administrative structures and regulations that will be put in place to support implementation

5. Evaluation
- This is the stage during which a policy is evaluated, to verify whether its implementation and its effects
are aligned with the objectives that were explicitly or implicitly set out.
- This evaluation can be carried out by government apparatus, by consultants or by civil society.

Policy- making
• Visions
• Goals
• Choices
• Possibilities
• Alignment of visions and goals with the community and its local government structures builds trust and
community confidence. Limited resources can go further when there is alignment and trust.
FIVE KEY POLICY-MAKING ACTIVITIES
1. Creating a community vision
2. Community goals and objectives
3. Comprehensive Plan
4. Local Services
5. Budgets and Capital Facilities Plan
1. CREATING A COMMUNITY VISION
• “big picture” of the community
• Captures the dreams, aspirations and hopes of your community
• Communities with vision know who they are and where they are going
• Without vision, community’s energy will be spend on wrong or irrelevant issues
2. COMMUNITY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
• It identify components of the community vision and provide direction for implementation
• A goal statement may grow out of a difficult community problem
“ A drug- free community by 2030”
• A goal may be born of a desire to instill some quality that is not currently part of the community
“A progressive community by 2030”

3. COMPREHENSIVE PLAN
• It represents the community’s policy for future growth.
• This assists in the management of the city or country by providing policies to guide decision-making.
• Starts with assessment/appraisal and analysis
4. LOCAL SERVICES
• Mandated services vs. non-mandated services as required by the local government code
• What type of services shall be provided to the community residents and the cost of providing that
service
5. BUDGETS AND CAPITAL FACILTIES PLANS
• These address the allocation of scarce financial resources to achieve the community’s vision,
accomplish goals and objectives, implement the comprehensive plan and provide services.
• Deciding what NOT to do is an important part of policy- making.
HOW TO RECOGNIZE GOOD POLICY:
1. When there is public support
2. When policies are just
3. When the sound decisions are backed by solid analysis
4. When policies are relevant
5. When policy can be implemented
6. When results are monitored