UNIT Destination

Holiday
want to visit on
that other people which gives
places brochure,
Some people live in from a travel
holiday. This is an extract
holidays in Sri Lanka.
information about

Ocean. It has rainforests

island in the Indian
Sri Lanka is a beautiful beaches, rivers and waterfalls.
and sandy
and plains, highlands
Its wildlife is spectacular.
Jaffna
India
Capital: Colombo
Population: over 20 million
Size: 66,000 square kilometres
Currency: Sri Lankan rupee Anuradhapura

Sri Lanka

Colombo

F
Indian Yala National
Galle
Ocean

A holiday on the beautiful island of Sri Lanka offers something

for ever one If you enjoy an active holiday, then this
destination has plenty to offer,from treks in the forests and
highlands, to sailing out to sea to watch blue whales. If that's
too energetic for you, then just relax in the warmth of the Sri
Lankan sun and enjoy the beautiful surroundings. Some visitors
to the island say it is one of the most beautiful places on Earth.
62
 What to see
1.

Sigiriya, or Lion Rock, is a must-see. The ruins of

a
city,built by King Kashyapa 477-495), stand on
the summit of a granite rock 200 metres high.
Theancient city of Anuradhapura was Sri Lanka's
capital for 1,300 years. It is thought to have been
attacked and abandoned in 993 CE.Its palaces,
shrouded by dense jungle for so many years, are now accessible.
The Bambarakanda Falls is the highest waterfall in Sri Lanka,
with a 263-metre drop.

What to do
Take a safari in Yala National Park. The park
covers 1,260 square kilometres and is the place
to see the big four of Sri Lankan wildlife - elephant,
sloth bear, leopard and wild buffalo.
Travel by train through Sri Lanka's heartland from
Colombo to Jaffna.
Take a seaplane from Lake Koggala, near Galle, up
to the tea plantations.
Visit the Kalpitiya Peninsula on
the northwest of the island to
see dolphins and blue whales.

Whereto relax
If you prefer to relax then check out
Sri Lanka's beautiful beaches. There are many kilometres of golden sands
for peop ew o just want to lay back and enjoy the views.

Glossary
plains large areas of flat country without trees
rupee the money used in Sri Lanka
destination the place you are going to
granite a type of very hard rock
 Use a dictionary to
Word Check helpyou.
Choose the
A Find each word in the brochure.
correct meaning. b ong walks
1 treks short walks
b lazy
2 energetic a active
b top
3 summit a base
b taken over
4 abandoned a left
be reached b can't be reached
5 accessible can
b edge
6 heartland a centre
brochure.Discuss what they mean.
B Find these phrases in the
1 shrouded by 2 check out

Comprehension

Discuss the answers to these questions.

1 What is the brochure about?
2 Give an example of the sceneryyou could see in Sri Lanka.
3 What could you do if you wanted to:
a be energetic? b relax?
4 What did King Kashyapa build?
5 How high are the Bambarakanda Falls?
6 What can you see in Yala National Park?

o Write sentences to answer each question.

1 Why were the palaces of Anuradhapura shrouded in jungle for many years
2 Why do you think Sigiriya is 'a must-see'?
3 How do you know that Sri Lanka grows tea?
4 In what different ways is the information in the brochure presented?
e 1 Find an example in the brochureof:
a a fact b an opinion
2 Make a list of words and phrases the writer
uses to persuade the
to visit Sri Lanka.
 Vocabulary
Usinga thesaurus
Remember,a thesaurus is a book that gives the synonymsand the antonyms
of a word (if it has any). It may also list other words from the same word
family. For example:
interesting fascinating, intriguing, remarkable Remember,synonyms
are words or phrases
The words in a thesaurus are listed alphabetically. that have similar
meanings. Antonyms
are words that
Look up the following words in a thesaurus. mean the opposite.
Write down all the synonyms for each word.
1 welcome 2 relax 3 attractive
4 rare 5 expensive 6 energetic

O Choose one synonym for each word from

Activity A and use it in a sentence of your own
about Sri Lanka.

Use a thesaurus to help you make a list of as many words

as possible that you might use to describe each of these
features in Sri Lanka.
1 the sea 2 the beaches 3 the rainforests
4 the food 5 the wildlife 6 the weather

'O.

65
 Punctuation
Indirect speech
words that someone has spoken
actual
Direct speech is when we write the
beautiful places on Earth," said a visitor
"Sri Lanka is one of the most someone has said.
about what
Indirect speech is when we write
• We don't use the exact words.
We don't use speech marks.
For example:
of the most beautiful places
Some visitors to the island say it is one
on Earth.

speech?
Which of these is direct speech? Which is indirect
1 "Sri Lanka is a beautiful island in the Indian Ocean," she said.
2 He said that you could see blue whales.
3 They asked if the Bambarakanda Falls are the highest in Sri Lanka.
4 "You must go to Yala National Park," she said.
5 He said he relaxed on the beach.

O Write each of these sentencesusing direct speech.

1 He said that he had visiteda tea plantation.
2 She said that she had trekked in the forest.
3 A visitor said that it was the best
holiday ever.
4 A sailor said that he spotted a blue whale.
5 The traveller said that she went by
train from Colomboto Jaffna.
Write each of these sentencesusing indirect
speech.
1 "Have you been to Sigiriya?" she asked. The first one is
She asked (f I had been to Sigiriya. done for you.
2 "l have visited the ancient city of
Anuradhapura,' she said.
3 "Have you visited Sri Lanka before?"
he asked.
4 "Did you know Lion Rock is 200
metreshigh?" he asked.
5 "l want to go out in a seaplane,"
she said.

66
 Spelling

fer words + suffixes

There are a few words that end in fer.

Whenyou add a suffix that
begins with a vowel to a fer word, you need to
double the r at the end of the word, if
the fer is stressed.
refer + ing = referring
refer + ence = reference

Write a definition for each of these words.

You can use a dictionary
1 refer 2 defer 3 transfer to help you, but use
your own words..
Completethese word sums.
1 defer + ing 2 transfer + ed
3 refer + al 4 defer + ed
5 transfer + ence = ICC 6 defer + al
7 refer 8 refer

Use a word in the word box to complete each of these sentences.

preference reference transferred deferring

1 I have the food from

the bag to the cupboard.
2 The teacher gave us more
informationfor
3 1am hat decision
until late
4 My is to read factual
books ather than stories.
 Grammar
Relative pronouns
Conjunctions

they do two jobs. joining wordso

Retotive pronouns ore speciotbecause
1 They toke the place of nouns.
2 They oct tikeconjunctions, and they ore related to the noun that comes
before them in o sentence.
Here ore some common relative pronouns:
who which that
Who is used for people,
There ore kilometresof golden sands. Peoplejust want to relax.
There are kilometresof golden sands for people who just want to relax.
Which and that are used for animals and things.
This is a travel brochure.It gives informationabout Sri Lanka.
This is a travel brochurewhich/that gives information about Sri Lanka.

Add the relative pronoun who or which to complete each sentence.

1 That is the seaplane L flies to the tea plantations.
2 This postcard is from my friend D is in Sri Lanka.
3 1 want to see the elephants -Ilia F live in Yala National Pare
4 1have visitedthe falls are the highest on the island.
5 Those are the people I met on holiday.
O Copy and join each pair of sentenceswith
who, which or that. The first one is done
1 1 have a book on Sri Lanka. The for you,
book
is very interesting.
nk
2 1 have two friends. My-two-friends
live in Sri Lanka.
3 I saw dolphins. Xåiedolphins came
near to the boat.
4 I met a plantation owner.
told me about
growing tea.
use these phrases in sentencesof
your own.
1 that amazed me 2 who was
very kind
 Writing
Writingto inform and persuade

peoplewho write holiday brochures

are doing two things:
I They are giving you information.
2 They are trying to persuade you to
visit the place in the brochure.
Information
This is the part of the brochure that tells you
about places of interest
and things you can do. For example:
It has rainforests and plains, highlands and sandy
beaches,rivers
and waterfalls.
Persuasion
This is when the writer uses exciting and interesting words and phrases,
and chooses illustrations to make you think this is a place you must visit.
For example:
. one of the most beautiful places on Earth.

1 You are going to create a brochure

about a place you would like to visit
or have visited.

a Research information about the

place. Think about what people
can see and do if they visit.
You could also include an
information box like the one on
page 62.
b When you have the information
you need, think about the words and phrases you will use to persuade
people to visit.
You would not write . It's a nice place.
You may write . It's an exciting, amazing place.
You would not write . It has some old buildings.
You may write . It has ancient,fascinating buildings.
your brochure.
c Think about how you will illustrate