NS SUMMER-2013 Engineerin, Mechan SS Imp SUMMER-2013 rious system of force? (4) | Solution: Force: It is a physical quantity that changes or’ tries to change the state of rest or of uniform motion of a body is called foree. Force is a vector quantity as it has both magnitude and direction. For example, Gravitational pull. Force System: Two or more forces acting simultaneously on a rigid body forms a force system, : The different type of force systems which are illustrated in figure are as follows: a) Collinear Forces System: The force acting along the same iine are called as collinear forces system. Non-Collinear Forces System: The force not acting along the same line are called as Non- collinear forces system. 7 Co-planer Force System: If the line of action of all the forces are in single plane then it is called as co-planer force system. d) Non-Coplaner Force System: If the line of action all the forces are in different plane then it is called as non-coplaner force system. . e) Concurrent Force System: If the line of. «ction of all the forces pass through a single point then it is called as concurrent force system. k f) Non-Concurrent Force System: If the line of action of all the forces do not pass through 4 Prof. Anit Pendhari (9372643264) WF xx.. 1 D) ¢| © scanned with OKEN Scannermechanics :In this Torces ae 5 through 7 sys' all re oe \s ‘stem: In all the forces ure’ of action qd! i they. will not pass tem: In Zz ° 38 48 , BE 2° g 9 ¢. i ay aitfe rent planes a ade point. a t Force y through a si point. s ofa to ee 8 Bg Ss aan te (¢) Collinear ()/Non-collinear ° _(c) Coplanar- (d) Nor n-Coplanar x Ze ° eke) (©) Concurrent a : | (f)NonConcurent @) Coplanar, concurrent LAFF Am) * [si None . W) Non-Coplanar, ncurrent Non- concurrent’ Prof. Anit Pendhari ( 937264 3264) WE wm 9 © scanned with OKEN ScannerDb SUMMER-2013 -. : Engineering Mechanics Q.1 b) State Principle of Transmissibility of Force. (2) Solution: ; Principle of Transmissibility of Force: An external effect of a force on a rigid body is same for all points of application along its line of action provided point of application must be on rigid body. Rigid body , [ine of action Effect of force P on the block is same whether it is pushed at A or pulled at B alone the same line of action. © scanned with OKEN ScannerSolution:- Lami’s Theorem states that if three forces are in equilibrium then, each force is Proportional to the sine of angle between remaining two forces. Limitation: 1. Forces. should be of same nature i.e., may should be either directed toward along form - the joint. t : _2. It is applicable to three concurrent forces. 3. The point should be in equilibrium. Solution: Definition: Equilibrium is defined as that conditions when the resultant of a force system is equal to zero and moment about partial points is equal to zero. © scanned with OKEN ScannerEngineering Mechanics Equilibrium is that conditions when ‘the resultant and moment of a force system both are zero. : Condition of Equilibrium: This means when the body is in equilibrium under the action of coplanar force, the following conditions are as satisfied: There are three condition of equilibrium: - 4, Fx = 0; This condition implies that the sum of all the forces acting along the x-axis is zero. 2. ZF, = 0; This condition implies that the sum _ of all the forces acting along the y-axis is zero. 3. IM = O; This condition implies that the sum of all the moment about any point is zero. Solution: Given that, Weight of each sphere = 100 N gweneoncrcnstis Radius re = 250 mm. W 4. e © scanned with OKEN Scannerfp ae ; | SUMMER-2013- : Engineering Mechanics In APQR 250+ 250mm Re Z\ 400 mm By Lami’s theorem, we get 100. = Re Rp " ‘sin(143.14) sin(126.86): sin(90) 100 Re patie sin(143.14) « sin(126.86) - _ 100 x sin(126.86)° ~~ = Re = 5in43.14) 7 Re = 133.38.N- Now, ——100___ Ro ? gin(@43.14) sin(90)° _ 100 sin(90): - : = R= 5n0143.14) Rp = 166.70 N nciahacencmaiahienieminesinanesniis © scanned with OKEN Scannersu MER-201: Engineer! h Step 2. Consider F.B.D. of sphere (X); we get “cos 8 Ra- Rp cos @= =0- => Ra- 166,70 cos 36.87° =0 Ra = 133.33 N ALK = 0. Ra — 100- Rp sin'@ = =O: => ‘“Re= 100+ 166.70 sin 36.87° _ Ra=200N. i Thus the required reactions are, -., Ra= 133.33N' . Ra=200.N Re = 133,33 N_ Rp = 166.70N “EMP Sigel ak © scanned with OKEN ScannerWINTER-2013 Engineering Mechanics al WINTER-2013 ‘@i.a) i) Explain resolution and composition of forces.(3) Solution: Resolution of Force: The process of splitting a single force into its components without changing its effect it known as resolution of forces. For each force, there exists an infinite number of possible sets of components. Suppose a force is to be resolved into two components. Then: ¢ When one of the components is known, the second component can be obtained by applying the triangle rule. Fi e- When the line of action of each component is known, the magnitude and the sense of the components are obtained by parallelogram law. : F, u F cosd= Fs and ging = "2 F F @ Fr. vs Fae Foeos8 and Fy = Fsin@ Composition of Force: The process of finding out the resultant force of a number of given forces is called the composition or compounding of forces. If number of forces area acting at a point then it is possible that they are acting at a single resultant force, which would represent all the force, without changing the net effect acting on body. This force which will have the same effect as that of the forces acting on the body is prof. Anit Pendhari (9372643264) Wyg.sm. 41 © scanned with OKEN ScannerWINTER-2013 : Engineering Mechanics called as resultant force and the process is called as resultant force and the PLOcess: is called as composition of forces. Fo. © scanned with OKEN ScannerS WINTER-2013, Engineering Mechanics [Q.3 a) Explain with feat sk ay + i) Perfect truss li) imperfect truss. (4) Solution: Classification of Trusts: Truss is classified based on following equation: _™m = 2j-3 fans _m = Number of member j = Number of joints in a truss. 1. Perfect Truss:’ If’ the truss’ satisfy equation ‘tn = 2j+' 3 ther it is called as perfect truss. It is also called as statically determinate truss. | where, fl eensi 3 for,,example::: In. member Le, m= 9. and number of_joints 2. Imperfect Truss: If the truss does not ‘satisfy equation m 2 “Qi - 3, eat itis called as imperfect truss. © scanned with OKEN Scannera. Ol moo Truss: a a truss Or Fatt eraber are ge 5 nun perfect truss me red ‘or 8 called as : en "9 ‘Sach truss i, rminate ete: bc > oan 7 5 OR stal ically in Ler over fect truss: : 7 c D examp' umber of : le: In this truss, 1 creme ie, m= 10 and number. of joint ie. j= ae 2 10>2x6-3 “ > - 10>9 b) Deficient Truss: In deficient truss number of member is less than that required for a perfect truss i.e., m< (2j - 3). B c D F For . Example: In this truss, number ‘of member i.e., = ie., j= 6. m=.8 and number of joint . Mm<2j-3 . > 89 =8<2x6-3° Prof. Anit Pend! : N nan (9372649264) ee © scanned with OKEN ScannerQ.4 a) ill) Define cou Solution: Couple: Two forces having equal magnitude opposite. direction and parallel line-of action said to form a couple. F an Couple = Fx d Prof. Anit Pendhari (9372643264) . Ws. © scanned with OKEN ScannerSUMMER-2014 Engineering Mechanics Moment of a couple is independent of moment , center. SN F > 5 oxt Mg =Fx(d+a)-Fxa =Fxd+Fxa-Fxa M§=Fxd Characteristics of Couple: 1. Resultant ‘force of a couple is zero. Hence ~ couple will not produce translatory motion. .. The only effect of a couple‘on a body is its tendency to rotate the body. 2. Moment of a couple is independent of moment centre. : 3. A couple can be replace by another pair of forces whose rotational effect is same. 4. The effect of couple remain same if it is shifted to any other position in the plane of - body. : 5. Effect of couple remain same if it is rotated through any angle. + © scanned with OKEN ScannerSolution: Varignon’s Therom: Statement: Moment of a force about any point is equal to sum of its compoint of about that point. Prof. Anit Pendhari (9372643264) WP... 85 ina © scanned with OKEN ScannerSl AER-2014 : Engineering Mech Nee ee merece nrmiinree > SMMER-20 SR RINS SEE Mechani Mo = My" +Me Solution: ee ek Free Body Diagram (FBD): It is.a free isolated sketch of a body showing on all external. forces and reactions action on the body. It is also known as space diagram. oe For example; : Og Ball placed on horizontal surface FBD. © scanned with OKEN ScannerSome xx Where, x= 4 cos 60 and y=6sin60° © scanned with OKEN Scannerew INTER-2013, Engineerin, To determine resultant forces R= S“F, = 20c0s60° - 50- -40N Rx = 40 N (e+) Ry = TER, = - 20 sin 60° - 30-40 = - 87.32 N “Ry =-87.39N (0) Magnitude of direction R, R= (RF +R, F = (Cao sc 87.207 “. R= 96.04 N : Direction of R with respect to x-axis, e- tan-(=) . tan(87.82) R 40 1 0 =65.38° * Sum of moments of force about point ‘P’, Dd Mitre = _ 20 sin 60° x 5- 30x 3 +40xx-5O0xy-45 =—20 sin 60° x 5-303 + 40 x 4 cos 60 - 50 x 6 sin60 - 45 =-401.41 Nm 2. 2 Mi = 401.41 Nm (anticlockwise) If d is the distance of R form point P then, yer _ 401.41 . R- 96.04 : Wd =4.17m. Linamenanara \WVisen 8B © scanned with OKEN Scanner