**DTR (Diurnal Temperature Range)** ko hum daily maximum aur

minimum temperature ke beech ke farq ko samajhne ke liye use

karte hain. Monthly basis pe DTR ka matlab hota hai, us mahine ke
har din ke maximum aur minimum temperature ka beech ka
average difference.

**Example se samajhte hain:**

Maan lo ek mahine mein kuch din ka temperature yeh raha:

1st day: Maximum temperature (TX) = 30°C, Minimum temperature

(TN) = 20°C
2nd day: TX = 28°C, TN = 18°C
3rd day: TX = 32°C, TN = 22°C
... aur aise hi poore mahine ke liye.

DTR har din ke liye aise calculate hota hai:

- 1st day DTR = 30°C - 20°C = 10°C
- 2nd day DTR = 28°C - 18°C = 10°C
- 3rd day DTR = 32°C - 22°C = 10°C
... aise har din ka difference nikal kar, sabka average le lo, yeh ho
jayega monthly mean DTR.

Agar kisi mahine ka average DTR 10°C hai, toh iska matlab yeh hai ki
us mahine ke dauran din aur raat ke temperature ke beech ka farq
lagbhag 10°C ka tha.
**Rx1day (Maximum 1-day Precipitation)** ka matlab hai ek
mahine mein ek din mein hui sabse zyada rainfall (precipitation)
kitni thi. Yani, poore mahine mein jis din sabse zyada baarish hui, us
din ko hum Rx1day bolte hain.

**Example se samajhte hain:**

Maan lo, ek mahine mein har din ka precipitation (rainfall) yeh tha:

1st day: 5 mm
2nd day: 8 mm
3rd day: 12 mm
4th day: 15 mm
5th day: 10 mm
... aur aise hi poore mahine ka data hai.

Ab, 4th day pe sabse zyada baarish hui jo ki thi 15 mm. Toh us
mahine ka **Rx1day = 15 mm** hoga, kyunki yeh mahine ka
maximum ek din mein hui precipitation thi.

Iska matlab yeh hai ki poore mahine mein ek din mein maximum 15
mm baarish hui.

**Rx5day (Maximum 5-day Precipitation)** ka matlab hai ek

mahine mein kisi bhi 5 continuous (lagatar) dinon mein sabse zyada
rainfall (precipitation) kitni hui. Iska matlab yeh hota hai ki aap 5
din ke consecutive (lagatar) rainfall ka total nikalte ho, aur mahine
mein jo bhi maximum 5-day total aata hai, usko **Rx5day** kehte
hain.

**Example se samajhte hain:**

Maan lo ek mahine mein har din ki rainfall yeh thi:

1st day: 5 mm
2nd day: 8 mm
3rd day: 12 mm
4th day: 10 mm
5th day: 6 mm
6th day: 9 mm
7th day: 3 mm
8th day: 4 mm
9th day: 7 mm
10th day: 5 mm

Ab hum 5 continuous dinon ki rainfall ka total nikalte hain:

- 1st to 5th day = 5 + 8 + 12 + 10 + 6 = **41 mm**

- 2nd to 6th day = 8 + 12 + 10 + 6 + 9 = **45 mm**
- 3rd to 7th day = 12 + 10 + 6 + 9 + 3 = **40 mm**
- 4th to 8th day = 10 + 6 + 9 + 3 + 4 = **32 mm**
- 5th to 9th day = 6 + 9 + 3 + 4 + 7 = **29 mm**
Yeh process mahine ke aakhri din tak chalega. Is example mein,
**2nd to 6th day** ka total 45 mm hai, jo maximum hai. Toh, is
mahine ka **Rx5day = 45 mm** hoga.
Yani, is mahine mein kisi bhi 5 continuous dinon mein maximum 45
mm rainfall hui.

**SDII (Simple Daily Intensity Index)** ka matlab hai ek saal ke

total rainfall ko sirf un dino par divide karna jab rainfall hui ho (jin
dinon mein rainfall 1 mm ya usse zyada hui ho). Yani, SDII batata hai
ki jab bhi baarish hoti hai, to us din average kitni baarish hoti hai.
EXAMPLE:
Maan lo ek saal mein poore 365 dinon mein total precipitation
(rainfall) **200 mm** hui. Aur is saal ke 365 dinon mein se **50
din** aise the jahan **PRCP (rainfall)** 1 mm ya usse zyada hui,
yani **50 wet days** the.
SDII ka formula hota hai:
SDII = [Total Annual Precipitation]/[Number of Wet Days]

Toh ab:
SDII = [200 mm]/[50 wet days] = 4 mm/day
Iska matlab yeh hai ki jab jab baarish hui, toh us din average 4 mm
baarish hui.

**R10 (Number of heavy precipitation days)** ka matlab hai un

dino ki ginti karna jinh din **rainfall (PRCP)** 10 mm ya usse zyada
hui ho. Yani, ek saal mein kitne dinon tak heavy rainfall (10 mm ya
zyada) hui.
**Example se samajhte hain:**

Maan lo, ek saal mein total 365 din hain. Ab is saal mein baarish ke
data ko dekha jaye toh 365 dinon mein se **20 din** aise the jahan
baarish (rainfall) **10 mm ya usse zyada** hui.

Is case mein, **R10 = 20 days**.

Yani, iss saal mein **20 din** aise the jahan heavy rainfall (10 mm
ya zyada) hui.

**R20 (Number of very heavy precipitation days)** ka matlab hai

un dino ki ginti karna jinh din **rainfall (PRCP)** 20 mm ya usse
zyada hui ho. Yani, ek saal mein kitne dinon tak bahut zyada baarish
(20 mm ya zyada) hui.

**Example se samajhte hain:**

Maan lo, ek saal mein 365 din hain. Iss saal ke dauran, baarish ka
record rakha gaya aur pata chala ki 365 dinon mein se **10 din**
aise the jahan baarish (rainfall) **20 mm ya usse zyada** hui.

Is case mein, **R20 = 10 days**.

Yani, iss saal mein **10 din** aise the jahan bahut zyada baarish
(20 mm ya zyada) hui.
**Rnn (Number of days above nn mm)** ka matlab hai un dino ki
ginti karna jab **rainfall (PRCP)** kisi user-defined threshold (nn
mm) se zyada hui ho. Yani, ek saal mein kitne dinon tak baarish us
defined limit se zyada hui.

**Example se samajhte hain:**

Maan lo, ek saal mein 365 din hain aur humne user-defined
threshold ko **15 mm** rakha hai (toh yahan nn = 15 mm). Ab ek
saal ke dauran, baarish ka record rakha gaya aur pata chala ki 365
dinon mein se **12 din** aise the jahan baarish (rainfall) **15 mm
ya usse zyada** hui.

Toh, is case mein:

- **Rnn = R15 = 12 days**

Yani, iss saal mein **12 din** aise the jab baarish **15 mm ya
zyada** hui. Agar threshold change karke 25 mm rakha jaye, toh us
case mein ginti alag ho sakti hai, jahan maan lo ke 5 din aise hain
jahan baarish **25 mm ya usse zyada** hui.

Toh agar aap threshold ko **25 mm** set karte hain:

- **R25 = 5 days**
Yani, agar threshold **nn mm = 25 mm** hai, toh **5 din** aise
the jab baarish **25 mm ya zyada** hui.

**CDD (Consecutive Dry Days)** ka matlab hai un dino ki ginti

karna jab baarish (RR) 1 mm se kam hui ho, aur yeh ginti
consecutive (lagataar) dino ke liye hoti hai. Iska matlab yeh hai ki
yeh dekha jata hai ki kitne din tak baarish nahi hui.

**Example se samajhte hain:**

Maan lo, ek maheene ke dino ka baarish ka record kuch is tarah hai:

- Din 1: 0.5 mm
- Din 2: 0.2 mm
- Din 3: 0 mm
- Din 4: 0 mm
- Din 5: 1.2 mm
- Din 6: 0.8 mm
- Din 7: 0 mm
- Din 8: 0 mm
- Din 9: 0.3 mm
- Din 10: 0 mm

Ab humein consecutive dry days ka pata karna hai jahan RR < 1 mm

hai. Is record mein dekhen toh:
- **Din 1** (0.5 mm) se lekar **Din 4** (0 mm) tak baarish nahi
hui, toh yeh consecutive dry days hain.
- Yeh **4 din** (Din 1, 2, 3, 4) ka period hai jahan baarish 1 mm se
kam hui.

Baaki dino mein:

- Din 5 (1.2 mm) par baarish hui, toh yeh period yahan khatam hota
hai.
- Fir **Din 6** (0.8 mm) se lekar **Din 10** (0 mm) tak bhi 4
consecutive dry days hain (Din 6, 7, 8, 9, 10).

Toh maximum consecutive dry days dekhenge toh humein yeh milta
hai:

- **Maximum consecutive dry days = 4 days** (Din 1 se 4 tak) aur

**4 days** (Din 6 se 10 tak).

Is example mein, humein pata chala ki **maximum consecutive dry

days = 4 days**. Iska matlab yeh hai ki **4 din** lagataar baarish
nahi hui, aur yeh **CDD (Consecutive Dry Days)** ke liye important
hai.

**CWD (Consecutive Wet Days)** ka matlab hai un dino ki ginti

karna jab baarish (RR) 1 mm ya usse zyada hui ho, aur yeh ginti
consecutive (lagataar) dino ke liye hoti hai. Iska matlab yeh hai ki
yeh dekha jata hai ki kitne din tak baarish lagataar hui.

### Example se samajhte hain:

Maan lo, ek maheene ke dino ka baarish ka record kuch is tarah hai:

- Din 1: 0.2 mm
- Din 2: 1.5 mm
- Din 3: 0.3 mm
- Din 4: 2.0 mm
- Din 5: 0 mm
- Din 6: 0 mm
- Din 7: 1.0 mm
- Din 8: 0.8 mm
- Din 9: 3.0 mm
- Din 10: 0 mm

Ab humein consecutive wet days ka pata karna hai jahan RR ≥ 1 mm

hai. Is record mein dekhen toh:

- **Din 2** (1.5 mm) se lekar **Din 4** (2.0 mm) tak baarish hui,
toh yeh consecutive wet days hain.
- Yeh **3 din** (Din 2, 3, 4) ka period hai jahan baarish 1 mm ya
usse zyada hui.

- Phir **Din 7** (1.0 mm) se lekar **Din 9** (3.0 mm) tak bhi
baarish hui:
- Yeh bhi **3 din** (Din 7, 8, 9) ka period hai.
Toh, ab maximum consecutive wet days dekhenge toh:

- **Maximum consecutive wet days = 3 days** (Din 2 se 4 tak) aur

**3 days** (Din 7 se 9 tak).

Is example mein, humein pata chala ki **maximum consecutive wet

days = 3 days**. Iska matlab yeh hai ki **3 din** lagataar baarish
hui, aur yeh **CWD (Consecutive Wet Days)** ke liye important
hai.

**R95p (Very Wet Days)** ka matlab hai un dino ka total

precipitation (PRCP) jahan baarish ki matra 95th percentile se zyada
hai. Iska matlab yeh hai ki yeh dekha jata hai ki kitni baarish hui hai
un dino par jo ki annual precipitation data ke 95th percentile se
upar hai.

### Example se samajhte hain:

Maan lo, ek saal mein kuch is tarah ka baarish ka data hai (in mm):

- January: 50 mm
- February: 70 mm
- March: 30 mm
- April: 100 mm
- May: 80 mm
- June: 120 mm
- July: 90 mm
- August: 50 mm
- September: 60 mm
- October: 150 mm
- November: 40 mm
- December: 30 mm

**Step 1:** Pehle, hum annual total PRCP calculate karte hain:

- Total PRCP = 50 + 70 + 30 + 100 + 80 + 120 + 90 + 50 + 60 + 150 + 40

+ 30 = **1,010 mm**

**Step 2:** Ab, 95th percentile calculate karte hain. Iske liye,
humein data ko sort karna padega:

Sorted Data (mm):

- 30, 30, 40, 50, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 150

**Step 3:** 95th percentile ki value nikalte hain:

95th percentile ka matlab hai ki 95% data is value se kam hai. Is

data set mein 12 values hain, toh:

95th percentile ka index = \( 0.95 \times 12 = 11.4 \) (round up to

12th value)
Toh, 12th value (highest value) = **150 mm**.

**Step 4:** Ab, hum check karte hain ki kaunse din 150 mm se
zyada baarish hui:

Maan lo, baarish ka record kuch aisa hai:

- Din 1: 50 mm
- Din 2: 70 mm
- Din 3: 30 mm
- Din 4: 100 mm
- Din 5: 80 mm
- Din 6: 120 mm
- Din 7: 90 mm
- Din 8: 50 mm
- Din 9: 200 mm (above 95th percentile)
- Din 10: 60 mm
- Din 11: 150 mm
- Din 12: 40 mm
- Din 13: 10 mm
- Din 14: 30 mm

**Step 5:** Ab, hum count karte hain ki kitne din 150 mm se zyada
baarish hui:
- Din 9: 200 mm (is din baarish zyada hai, 95th percentile se)

Toh, annual total PRCP jab RR > 95th percentile hai:

- **Total Very Wet Days (R95p) = 200 mm (sirf 1 din)**.

### Summary:

- **R95p = 200 mm** ka matlab hai ki **1 din** aisa tha jab
baarish 95th percentile se zyada thi. Isliye, **R95p (Very Wet
Days)** ka annual total precipitation value **200 mm** hai.

**R99p (Extremely Wet Days)** ka matlab hai un dino ka total

precipitation (PRCP) jahan baarish ki matra 99th percentile se zyada
hai. Iska matlab yeh hai ki yeh dekha jata hai ki kitni baarish hui hai
un dino par jo ki annual precipitation data ke 99th percentile se
upar hai.

### Example se samajhte hain:

Maan lo, ek saal mein kuch is tarah ka baarish ka data hai (in mm):

- January: 50 mm
- February: 70 mm
- March: 30 mm
- April: 100 mm
- May: 80 mm
- June: 120 mm
- July: 90 mm
- August: 50 mm
- September: 60 mm
- October: 150 mm
- November: 40 mm
- December: 30 mm

**Step 1:** Pehle, hum annual total PRCP calculate karte hain:

- Total PRCP = 50 + 70 + 30 + 100 + 80 + 120 + 90 + 50 + 60 + 150 + 40

+ 30 = **1,010 mm**

**Step 2:** Ab, 99th percentile calculate karte hain. Iske liye,
humein data ko sort karna padega:

Sorted Data (mm):

- 30, 30, 40, 50, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100, 120, 150

**Step 3:** 99th percentile ki value nikalte hain:

99th percentile ka matlab hai ki 99% data is value se kam hai. Is

data set mein 12 values hain, toh:
99th percentile ka index = \( 0.99 \times 12 = 11.88 \) (round up to
12th value)

Toh, 12th value (highest value) = **150 mm**.

**Step 4:** Ab, hum check karte hain ki kaunse din 150 mm se
zyada baarish hui:

Maan lo, baarish ka record kuch aisa hai:

- Din 1: 50 mm
- Din 2: 70 mm
- Din 3: 30 mm
- Din 4: 100 mm
- Din 5: 80 mm
- Din 6: 120 mm
- Din 7: 90 mm
- Din 8: 50 mm
- Din 9: 200 mm (above 99th percentile)
- Din 10: 60 mm
- Din 11: 150 mm
- Din 12: 40 mm
- Din 13: 10 mm
- Din 14: 300 mm (above 99th percentile)
**Step 5:** Ab, hum count karte hain ki kitne din 150 mm se zyada
baarish hui:

- Din 9: 200 mm (is din baarish zyada hai, 99th percentile se)
- Din 14: 300 mm (is din bhi baarish zyada hai, 99th percentile se)

Toh, annual total PRCP jab RR > 99th percentile hai:

- **Total Extremely Wet Days (R99p) = 200 mm + 300 mm = 500

mm** (2 din).

### Summary:

- **R99p = 500 mm** ka matlab hai ki **2 din** aise the jab
baarish 99th percentile se zyada thi. Isliye, **R99p (Extremely Wet
Days)** ka annual total precipitation value **500 mm** hai.

**PRCPTOT (Annual Total Wet-Day Precipitation)** ka matlab hai

un dino ka total baarish jo wet days ke roop mein count hote hain,
yaani jahan baarish ki matra 1 mm se zyada hai.

### Example se samajhte hain:

Maan lo, ek saal mein kuch is tarah ka baarish ka data hai (in mm):

- January: 0 mm
- February: 5 mm
- March: 10 mm
- April: 0 mm
- May: 15 mm
- June: 25 mm
- July: 0 mm
- August: 20 mm
- September: 30 mm
- October: 5 mm
- November: 0 mm
- December: 0 mm

**Step 1:** Pehle, hum dekhte hain ki kaunse dino mein baarish
hui hai (RR >= 1 mm):

- February: 5 mm (wet day)

- March: 10 mm (wet day)
- May: 15 mm (wet day)
- June: 25 mm (wet day)
- August: 20 mm (wet day)
- September: 30 mm (wet day)
- October: 5 mm (wet day)

### Wet Days ki List:

- February: 5 mm
- March: 10 mm
- May: 15 mm
- June: 25 mm
- August: 20 mm
- September: 30 mm
- October: 5 mm

**Step 2:** Ab, hum in wet days ka total calculate karte hain:

Total wet-day precipitation = 5 + 10 + 15 + 25 + 20 + 30 + 5

= 5 + 10 + 15 + 25 + 20 + 30 + 5 = **105 mm**

### Summary:

Toh, **PRCPTOT (Annual Total Wet-Day Precipitation)** ka matlab

hai ki is saal mein total **105 mm** baarish hui hai sirf un dino par
jahan baarish ki matra 1 mm ya usse zyada thi.

**TR20 (Tropical Nights)** ka matlab hai un dino ka count jahan

daily minimum temperature (TN) 20°C se zyada hota hai. Iska
matlab ye hai ki agar kisi din ka minimum temperature 20°C ya usse
zyada hai, toh us din ko tropical night count kiya jayega.
### Example se samajhte hain:

Maan lo, ek saal ka daily minimum temperature (TN) kuch is tarah

hai (in °C):

- January: 18°C, 19°C, 21°C, 22°C, 20°C, 19°C, 18°C

- February: 21°C, 20°C, 19°C, 22°C, 23°C, 20°C, 21°C
- March: 19°C, 21°C, 20°C, 24°C, 25°C, 22°C, 19°C
- April: 20°C, 21°C, 22°C, 23°C, 24°C, 20°C, 19°C
- May: 23°C, 25°C, 26°C, 24°C, 22°C, 21°C, 20°C
- June: 22°C, 23°C, 24°C, 25°C, 26°C, 27°C, 28°C
- July: 21°C, 22°C, 23°C, 24°C, 25°C, 26°C, 20°C
- August: 20°C, 21°C, 22°C, 23°C, 24°C, 25°C, 20°C
- September: 19°C, 20°C, 21°C, 22°C, 23°C, 20°C, 19°C
- October: 18°C, 19°C, 20°C, 21°C, 22°C, 23°C, 24°C
- November: 20°C, 21°C, 22°C, 19°C, 18°C, 17°C, 21°C
- December: 19°C, 20°C, 21°C, 22°C, 23°C, 20°C, 19°C

### Step 1: Count the Days

Ab hum dekhte hain ki kitne dinon ka TN 20°C se zyada hai:

- January: 3 days (21°C, 22°C, 20°C)

- February: 4 days (21°C, 20°C, 22°C, 23°C)
- March: 4 days (21°C, 20°C, 24°C, 25°C)
- April: 5 days (20°C, 21°C, 22°C, 23°C, 24°C)
- May: 6 days (23°C, 25°C, 26°C, 24°C, 22°C, 21°C)
- June: 7 days (22°C, 23°C, 24°C, 25°C, 26°C, 27°C, 28°C)
- July: 6 days (21°C, 22°C, 23°C, 24°C, 25°C, 26°C)
- August: 5 days (20°C, 21°C, 22°C, 23°C, 24°C)
- September: 3 days (20°C, 21°C, 22°C)
- October: 5 days (21°C, 22°C, 23°C, 24°C)
- November: 3 days (20°C, 21°C)
- December: 4 days (20°C, 21°C, 22°C)

### Step 2: Total Count of Tropical Nights

Total tropical nights = 3 + 4 + 4 + 5 + 6 + 7 + 6 + 5 + 3 + 5 + 3 + 4 =

**60 days**

### Summary:

Toh, **TR20 (Tropical Nights)** ka matlab hai ki is saal mein total

**60 days** aise the jahan daily minimum temperature 20°C se
zyada tha.

**FD0 (Frost Days)** ka matlab hai un dino ka count jahan daily

minimum temperature (TN) 0°C se kam hota hai. Iska matlab ye hai
ki agar kisi din ka minimum temperature 0°C ya usse kam hai, toh us
din ko frost day count kiya jayega.
### Example se samajhte hain:

Maan lo, ek saal ka daily minimum temperature (TN) kuch is tarah

hai (in °C):

- January: -2°C, -1°C, 0°C, 1°C, -3°C, -4°C, -2°C

- February: -1°C, 0°C, -2°C, -3°C, 1°C, -1°C, -2°C
- March: 1°C, 2°C, 0°C, -1°C, -2°C, 1°C, 2°C
- April: 1°C, 2°C, 3°C, 0°C, -1°C, 1°C, -2°C
- May: 0°C, 1°C, 2°C, 3°C, 4°C, 5°C, 0°C
- June: 1°C, 2°C, 3°C, 4°C, 5°C, 6°C, 7°C
- July: 5°C, 6°C, 7°C, 8°C, 9°C, 10°C, 11°C
- August: 8°C, 9°C, 10°C, 11°C, 12°C, 13°C, 14°C
- September: 10°C, 9°C, 8°C, 7°C, 6°C, 5°C, 4°C
- October: 3°C, 2°C, 1°C, 0°C, -1°C, -2°C, -3°C
- November: -2°C, -1°C, 0°C, -1°C, -2°C, 1°C, 0°C
- December: -3°C, -2°C, -1°C, 0°C, -1°C, -2°C, -3°C

### Step 1: Count the Days

Ab hum dekhte hain ki kitne dinon ka TN 0°C se kam hai:

- January: 5 days (-2°C, -1°C, -3°C, -4°C, -2°C)

- February: 4 days (-1°C, -2°C, -3°C, -1°C, -2°C)
- March: 2 days (-1°C, -2°C)
- April: 2 days (-1°C, -2°C)
- May: 0 days (0°C, 1°C, 2°C, 3°C, 4°C, 5°C)
- June: 0 days (1°C, 2°C, 3°C, 4°C, 5°C, 6°C, 7°C)
- July: 0 days (5°C, 6°C, 7°C, 8°C, 9°C, 10°C, 11°C)
- August: 0 days (8°C, 9°C, 10°C, 11°C, 12°C, 13°C, 14°C)
- September: 0 days (10°C, 9°C, 8°C, 7°C, 6°C, 5°C, 4°C)
- October: 4 days (0°C, -1°C, -2°C, -3°C)
- November: 4 days (-2°C, -1°C, -1°C, -2°C)
- December: 5 days (-3°C, -2°C, -1°C, -1°C, -2°C, -3°C)

### Step 2: Total Count of Frost Days

Total frost days = 5 + 4 + 2 + 2 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 4 + 4 + 5 = **26

days**

### Summary:

Toh, **FD0 (Frost Days)** ka matlab hai ki is saal mein total **26
days** aise the jahan daily minimum temperature 0°C se kam tha.

**SU25 (Summer Days)** ka matlab hai un dino ka count jahan

daily maximum temperature (TX) 25°C se zyada hota hai. Iska
matlab ye hai ki agar kisi din ka maximum temperature 25°C ya usse
zyada hai, toh us din ko summer day count kiya jayega.
### Example se samajhte hain:

Maan lo, ek saal ka daily maximum temperature (TX) kuch is tarah

hai (in °C):

- January: 18°C, 20°C, 22°C, 25°C, 24°C, 23°C, 20°C

- February: 22°C, 23°C, 26°C, 28°C, 27°C, 24°C, 21°C
- March: 25°C, 26°C, 28°C, 30°C, 29°C, 31°C, 27°C
- April: 30°C, 32°C, 35°C, 34°C, 31°C, 29°C, 28°C
- May: 33°C, 34°C, 36°C, 38°C, 37°C, 35°C, 32°C
- June: 34°C, 36°C, 38°C, 40°C, 39°C, 37°C, 35°C
- July: 36°C, 38°C, 39°C, 41°C, 42°C, 40°C, 38°C
- August: 35°C, 37°C, 39°C, 36°C, 34°C, 33°C, 32°C
- September: 30°C, 32°C, 31°C, 29°C, 28°C, 27°C, 26°C
- October: 25°C, 24°C, 23°C, 22°C, 21°C, 20°C, 19°C
- November: 20°C, 19°C, 18°C, 17°C, 16°C, 15°C, 14°C
- December: 20°C, 21°C, 22°C, 23°C, 24°C, 25°C, 26°C

### Step 1: Count the Days

Ab hum dekhte hain ki kitne dinon ka TX 25°C se zyada hai:

- January: 0 days (sare days 25°C ya usse kam hain)

- February: 3 days (26°C, 28°C, 27°C)
- March: 4 days (26°C, 28°C, 30°C, 29°C, 31°C, 27°C)
- April: 7 days (30°C, 32°C, 35°C, 34°C, 31°C, 29°C, 28°C)
- May: 7 days (33°C, 34°C, 36°C, 38°C, 37°C, 35°C)
- June: 7 days (34°C, 36°C, 38°C, 40°C, 39°C, 37°C, 35°C)
- July: 6 days (36°C, 38°C, 39°C, 41°C, 42°C, 40°C, 38°C)
- August: 5 days (35°C, 37°C, 39°C, 36°C)
- September: 3 days (30°C, 32°C, 31°C)
- October: 0 days (sare days 25°C ya usse kam hain)
- November: 0 days (sare days 25°C ya usse kam hain)
- December: 6 days (20°C, 21°C, 22°C, 23°C, 24°C, 25°C)

### Step 2: Total Count of Summer Days

Total summer days = 0 + 3 + 4 + 7 + 7 + 7 + 6 + 5 + 3 + 0 + 0 + 6 =

**48 days**

### Summary:

Toh, **SU25 (Summer Days)** ka matlab hai ki is saal mein total

**48 days** aise the jahan daily maximum temperature 25°C se
zyada tha.

**ID0 (Ice Days)** ka matlab hai un dino ka count jahan daily

maximum temperature (TX) 0°C se kam hota hai. Iska matlab ye hai
ki agar kisi din ka maximum temperature 0°C ya usse kam hai, toh
us din ko ice day count kiya jayega.

### Example se samajhte hain:

Maan lo, ek saal ka daily maximum temperature (TX) kuch is tarah

hai (in °C):

- January: -2°C, -1°C, 0°C, 1°C, 2°C, 3°C, -3°C

- February: -1°C, 0°C, -2°C, 1°C, 2°C, -4°C, -5°C
- March: 2°C, 3°C, -1°C, 0°C, -2°C, 4°C, 5°C
- April: 5°C, 6°C, 7°C, 4°C, 3°C, 2°C, 1°C
- May: 10°C, 12°C, 15°C, 14°C, 13°C, 11°C, 9°C
- June: 15°C, 18°C, 20°C, 19°C, 17°C, 16°C, 14°C
- July: 25°C, 30°C, 32°C, 31°C, 29°C, 28°C, 26°C
- August: 28°C, 27°C, 25°C, 24°C, 23°C, 22°C, 21°C
- September: 22°C, 21°C, 20°C, 19°C, 18°C, 17°C, 16°C
- October: 15°C, 12°C, 10°C, 8°C, 6°C, 4°C, 3°C
- November: 2°C, 1°C, 0°C, -1°C, -2°C, -3°C, -4°C
- December: -1°C, -2°C, -3°C, -4°C, -5°C, -6°C, -7°C

### Step 1: Count the Days

Ab hum dekhte hain ki kitne dinon ka TX 0°C se kam hai:

- January: 3 days (-2°C, -1°C, -3°C)
- February: 4 days (-1°C, -2°C, -4°C, -5°C)
- March: 2 days (-1°C, -2°C)
- April: 0 days (sare days 0°C ya usse zyada hain)
- May: 0 days (sare days 0°C ya usse zyada hain)
- June: 0 days (sare days 0°C ya usse zyada hain)
- July: 0 days (sare days 0°C ya usse zyada hain)
- August: 0 days (sare days 0°C ya usse zyada hain)
- September: 0 days (sare days 0°C ya usse zyada hain)
- October: 0 days (sare days 0°C ya usse zyada hain)
- November: 4 days (-1°C, -2°C, -3°C, -4°C)
- December: 6 days (-1°C, -2°C, -3°C, -4°C, -5°C, -6°C, -7°C)

### Step 2: Total Count of Ice Days

Total ice days = 3 + 4 + 2 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 0 + 4 + 6 = **19

days**

### Summary:

Toh, **ID0 (Ice Days)** ka matlab hai ki is saal mein total **19
days** aise the jahan daily maximum temperature 0°C se kam tha.

**TR20 (Tropical Nights)** ka matlab hai un dino ka count jahan

daily minimum temperature (TN) 20°C se zyada hota hai. Iska
matlab ye hai ki agar kisi din ka minimum temperature 20°C ya usse
zyada hai, toh us din ko tropical night count kiya jayega.

### Example se samajhte hain:

Maan lo, ek saal ka daily minimum temperature (TN) kuch is tarah

hai (in °C):

- January: 18°C, 19°C, 20°C, 21°C, 22°C, 23°C, 17°C

- February: 20°C, 21°C, 22°C, 19°C, 18°C, 20°C, 21°C
- March: 22°C, 24°C, 25°C, 19°C, 20°C, 21°C, 23°C
- April: 24°C, 25°C, 26°C, 27°C, 28°C, 29°C, 30°C
- May: 26°C, 27°C, 28°C, 29°C, 30°C, 31°C, 32°C
- June: 30°C, 31°C, 32°C, 29°C, 28°C, 30°C, 31°C
- July: 25°C, 26°C, 27°C, 28°C, 29°C, 30°C, 31°C
- August: 26°C, 27°C, 28°C, 29°C, 30°C, 31°C, 32°C
- September: 24°C, 25°C, 26°C, 27°C, 28°C, 29°C, 30°C
- October: 22°C, 23°C, 24°C, 25°C, 26°C, 27°C, 20°C
- November: 21°C, 22°C, 23°C, 20°C, 19°C, 18°C, 17°C
- December: 20°C, 19°C, 18°C, 17°C, 16°C, 15°C, 14°C

### Step 1: Count the Days

Ab hum dekhte hain ki kitne dinon ka TN 20°C se zyada hai:

- January: 3 days (21°C, 22°C, 23°C)
- February: 4 days (20°C, 21°C, 22°C, 20°C)
- March: 5 days (22°C, 24°C, 25°C, 20°C, 21°C, 23°C)
- April: 7 days (24°C, 25°C, 26°C, 27°C, 28°C, 29°C, 30°C)
- May: 7 days (26°C, 27°C, 28°C, 29°C, 30°C, 31°C, 32°C)
- June: 6 days (30°C, 31°C, 32°C, 29°C, 30°C, 31°C)
- July: 5 days (25°C, 26°C, 27°C, 28°C, 29°C, 30°C, 31°C)
- August: 6 days (26°C, 27°C, 28°C, 29°C, 30°C, 31°C, 32°C)
- September: 6 days (24°C, 25°C, 26°C, 27°C, 28°C, 29°C, 30°C)
- October: 5 days (22°C, 23°C, 24°C, 25°C, 26°C, 27°C)
- November: 3 days (21°C, 22°C, 23°C)
- December: 1 day (20°C)

### Step 2: Total Count of Tropical Nights

Total tropical nights = 3 + 4 + 5 + 7 + 7 + 6 + 5 + 6 + 6 + 5 + 3 + 1 =

**60 days**

### Summary:

Toh, **TR20 (Tropical Nights)** ka matlab hai ki is saal mein total

**60 days** aise the jahan daily minimum temperature 20°C se
zyada tha.
**TXx (Maximum Tmax)** ka matlab hai un dino ka monthly
maximum value jo daily maximum temperature (TX) ka hota hai.
Iska matlab ye hai ki kisi mahine ke andar sabse zyada temperature
kya tha.

### Example se samajhte hain:

Maan lo, ek saal ka daily maximum temperature (TX) kuch is tarah

hai (in °C):

- January: 15°C, 16°C, 18°C, 17°C, 19°C, 20°C, 21°C

- February: 18°C, 19°C, 20°C, 22°C, 24°C, 23°C, 25°C
- March: 22°C, 23°C, 25°C, 27°C, 26°C, 28°C, 30°C
- April: 28°C, 30°C, 31°C, 29°C, 32°C, 33°C, 34°C
- May: 32°C, 33°C, 34°C, 35°C, 36°C, 37°C, 38°C
- June: 35°C, 36°C, 38°C, 39°C, 40°C, 41°C, 42°C
- July: 38°C, 39°C, 40°C, 41°C, 43°C, 44°C, 45°C
- August: 39°C, 40°C, 41°C, 42°C, 43°C, 44°C, 45°C
- September: 36°C, 37°C, 38°C, 39°C, 40°C, 41°C, 42°C
- October: 30°C, 31°C, 32°C, 33°C, 34°C, 35°C, 36°C
- November: 24°C, 25°C, 26°C, 27°C, 28°C, 29°C, 30°C
- December: 20°C, 21°C, 22°C, 23°C, 24°C, 25°C, 26°C

### Step 1: Maximum Daily Maximum Temperature for Each Month

Ab har mahine ke liye daily maximum temperature (TX) ka
maximum value dekhte hain:

- January: 21°C (maximum of 15°C, 16°C, 18°C, 17°C, 19°C, 20°C,

21°C)
- February: 25°C (maximum of 18°C, 19°C, 20°C, 22°C, 24°C, 23°C,
25°C)
- March: 30°C (maximum of 22°C, 23°C, 25°C, 27°C, 26°C, 28°C, 30°C)
- April: 34°C (maximum of 28°C, 30°C, 31°C, 29°C, 32°C, 33°C, 34°C)
- May: 38°C (maximum of 32°C, 33°C, 34°C, 35°C, 36°C, 37°C, 38°C)
- June: 42°C (maximum of 35°C, 36°C, 38°C, 39°C, 40°C, 41°C, 42°C)
- July: 45°C (maximum of 38°C, 39°C, 40°C, 41°C, 43°C, 44°C, 45°C)
- August: 45°C (maximum of 39°C, 40°C, 41°C, 42°C, 43°C, 44°C,
45°C)
- September: 42°C (maximum of 36°C, 37°C, 38°C, 39°C, 40°C, 41°C,
42°C)
- October: 36°C (maximum of 30°C, 31°C, 32°C, 33°C, 34°C, 35°C,
36°C)
- November: 30°C (maximum of 24°C, 25°C, 26°C, 27°C, 28°C, 29°C,
30°C)
- December: 26°C (maximum of 20°C, 21°C, 22°C, 23°C, 24°C, 25°C,
26°C)

### Step 2: Monthly Maximum Temperature Values

Toh har mahine ka **TXx** (Maximum Tmax) kya hoga:

- January: **21°C**
- February: **25°C**
- March: **30°C**
- April: **34°C**
- May: **38°C**
- June: **42°C**
- July: **45°C**
- August: **45°C**
- September: **42°C**
- October: **36°C**
- November: **30°C**
- December: **26°C**

### Summary:

**TXx (Maximum Tmax)** ka matlab hai ki har mahine ka daily

maximum temperature ka maximum value kya hai. Is example ke
according, har mahine ka highest temperature ko record kiya gaya
hai.

**TNx (Maximum Tmin)** ka matlab hai un dino ka monthly

maximum value jo daily minimum temperature (TN) ka hota hai.
Iska matlab ye hai ki kisi mahine ke andar sabse kam temperature
jo daily minimum temperature ka hota hai, uska maximum kya hai.
### Example se samajhte hain:

Maan lo, ek saal ka daily minimum temperature (TN) kuch is tarah

hai (in °C):

- January: 5°C, 4°C, 6°C, 3°C, 2°C, 1°C, 0°C

- February: 4°C, 3°C, 2°C, 1°C, 0°C, -1°C, -2°C
- March: 3°C, 4°C, 5°C, 6°C, 7°C, 8°C, 9°C
- April: 8°C, 9°C, 10°C, 11°C, 12°C, 13°C, 14°C
- May: 12°C, 13°C, 14°C, 15°C, 16°C, 17°C, 18°C
- June: 15°C, 16°C, 17°C, 18°C, 19°C, 20°C, 21°C
- July: 18°C, 19°C, 20°C, 21°C, 22°C, 23°C, 24°C
- August: 20°C, 21°C, 22°C, 23°C, 24°C, 25°C, 26°C
- September: 16°C, 17°C, 18°C, 19°C, 20°C, 21°C, 22°C
- October: 10°C, 11°C, 12°C, 13°C, 14°C, 15°C, 16°C
- November: 5°C, 6°C, 7°C, 8°C, 9°C, 10°C, 11°C
- December: 0°C, 1°C, 2°C, 3°C, 4°C, 5°C, 6°C

### Step 1: Maximum Daily Minimum Temperature for Each Month

Ab har mahine ke liye daily minimum temperature (TN) ka

maximum value dekhte hain:

- January: 6°C (maximum of 5°C, 4°C, 6°C, 3°C, 2°C, 1°C, 0°C)
- February: 4°C (maximum of 4°C, 3°C, 2°C, 1°C, 0°C, -1°C, -2°C)
- March: 9°C (maximum of 3°C, 4°C, 5°C, 6°C, 7°C, 8°C, 9°C)
- April: 14°C (maximum of 8°C, 9°C, 10°C, 11°C, 12°C, 13°C, 14°C)
- May: 18°C (maximum of 12°C, 13°C, 14°C, 15°C, 16°C, 17°C, 18°C)
- June: 21°C (maximum of 15°C, 16°C, 17°C, 18°C, 19°C, 20°C, 21°C)
- July: 24°C (maximum of 18°C, 19°C, 20°C, 21°C, 22°C, 23°C, 24°C)
- August: 26°C (maximum of 20°C, 21°C, 22°C, 23°C, 24°C, 25°C,
26°C)
- September: 22°C (maximum of 16°C, 17°C, 18°C, 19°C, 20°C, 21°C,
22°C)
- October: 16°C (maximum of 10°C, 11°C, 12°C, 13°C, 14°C, 15°C,
16°C)
- November: 11°C (maximum of 5°C, 6°C, 7°C, 8°C, 9°C, 10°C, 11°C)
- December: 6°C (maximum of 0°C, 1°C, 2°C, 3°C, 4°C, 5°C, 6°C)

### Step 2: Monthly Maximum Minimum Temperature Values

Toh har mahine ka **TNx** (Maximum Tmin) kya hoga:

- January: **6°C**
- February: **4°C**
- March: **9°C**
- April: **14°C**
- May: **18°C**
- June: **21°C**
- July: **24°C**
- August: **26°C**
- September: **22°C**
- October: **16°C**
- November: **11°C**
- December: **6°C**

### Summary:

**TNx (Maximum Tmin)** ka matlab hai ki har mahine ka daily

minimum temperature ka maximum value kya hai. Is example ke
according, har mahine ka lowest temperature ko record kiya gaya
hai, aur unme se highest ko dekha gaya hai.

**TXn (Minimum Tmax)** ka matlab hai un dino ka monthly

minimum value jo daily maximum temperature (TX) ka hota hai.
Iska matlab ye hai ki kisi mahine ke andar sabse zyada temperature
jo daily maximum temperature ka hota hai, uska minimum kya hai.

### Example se samajhte hain:

Maan lo, ek saal ka daily maximum temperature (TX) kuch is tarah

hai (in °C):

- January: 12°C, 15°C, 10°C, 14°C, 16°C, 18°C, 20°C

- February: 13°C, 15°C, 12°C, 10°C, 11°C, 14°C, 16°C
- March: 15°C, 17°C, 20°C, 18°C, 21°C, 19°C, 22°C
- April: 22°C, 24°C, 26°C, 28°C, 30°C, 31°C, 32°C
- May: 30°C, 32°C, 33°C, 35°C, 36°C, 38°C, 40°C
- June: 35°C, 36°C, 37°C, 38°C, 39°C, 40°C, 41°C
- July: 40°C, 41°C, 42°C, 43°C, 44°C, 45°C, 46°C
- August: 39°C, 40°C, 41°C, 42°C, 43°C, 44°C, 45°C
- September: 36°C, 37°C, 38°C, 39°C, 40°C, 41°C, 42°C
- October: 30°C, 31°C, 32°C, 29°C, 28°C, 27°C, 26°C
- November: 20°C, 22°C, 21°C, 19°C, 18°C, 17°C, 16°C
- December: 15°C, 14°C, 12°C, 10°C, 8°C, 6°C, 5°C

### Step 1: Minimum Daily Maximum Temperature for Each Month

Ab har mahine ke liye daily maximum temperature (TX) ka

minimum value dekhte hain:

- January: 10°C (minimum of 12°C, 15°C, 10°C, 14°C, 16°C, 18°C,

20°C)
- February: 10°C (minimum of 13°C, 15°C, 12°C, 10°C, 11°C, 14°C,
16°C)
- March: 15°C (minimum of 15°C, 17°C, 20°C, 18°C, 21°C, 19°C, 22°C)
- April: 22°C (minimum of 22°C, 24°C, 26°C, 28°C, 30°C, 31°C, 32°C)
- May: 30°C (minimum of 30°C, 32°C, 33°C, 35°C, 36°C, 38°C, 40°C)
- June: 35°C (minimum of 35°C, 36°C, 37°C, 38°C, 39°C, 40°C, 41°C)
- July: 40°C (minimum of 40°C, 41°C, 42°C, 43°C, 44°C, 45°C, 46°C)
- August: 39°C (minimum of 39°C, 40°C, 41°C, 42°C, 43°C, 44°C, 45°C)
- September: 36°C (minimum of 36°C, 37°C, 38°C, 39°C, 40°C, 41°C,
42°C)
- October: 26°C (minimum of 30°C, 31°C, 32°C, 29°C, 28°C, 27°C,
26°C)
- November: 16°C (minimum of 20°C, 22°C, 21°C, 19°C, 18°C, 17°C,
16°C)
- December: 5°C (minimum of 15°C, 14°C, 12°C, 10°C, 8°C, 6°C, 5°C)

### Step 2: Monthly Minimum Maximum Temperature Values

Toh har mahine ka **TXn** (Minimum Tmax) kya hoga:

- January: **10°C**
- February: **10°C**
- March: **15°C**
- April: **22°C**
- May: **30°C**
- June: **35°C**
- July: **40°C**
- August: **39°C**
- September: **36°C**
- October: **26°C**
- November: **16°C**
- December: **5°C**
### Summary:

**TXn (Minimum Tmax)** ka matlab hai ki har mahine ka daily

maximum temperature ka minimum value kya hai. Is example ke
according, har mahine ka highest temperature ko record kiya gaya
hai, aur unme se lowest ko dekha gaya hai.

**TNn (Minimum Tmin)** ka matlab hai un dino ka monthly

minimum value jo daily minimum temperature (TN) ka hota hai.
Iska matlab ye hai ki kisi mahine ke andar sabse kam temperature
jo daily minimum temperature ka hota hai, uska minimum kya hai.

### Example se samajhte hain:

Maan lo, ek saal ka daily minimum temperature (TN) kuch is tarah

hai (in °C):

- January: 2°C, 3°C, 1°C, 0°C, -1°C, 2°C, 4°C

- February: 1°C, 2°C, 0°C, -2°C, -1°C, 1°C, 3°C
- March: 5°C, 6°C, 4°C, 3°C, 2°C, 1°C, 0°C
- April: 8°C, 9°C, 10°C, 7°C, 6°C, 5°C, 4°C
- May: 10°C, 12°C, 14°C, 11°C, 9°C, 8°C, 7°C
- June: 15°C, 14°C, 16°C, 17°C, 18°C, 19°C, 20°C
- July: 20°C, 21°C, 22°C, 19°C, 18°C, 17°C, 16°C
- August: 19°C, 18°C, 17°C, 20°C, 21°C, 22°C, 23°C
- September: 15°C, 16°C, 14°C, 13°C, 12°C, 11°C, 10°C
- October: 10°C, 9°C, 8°C, 7°C, 6°C, 5°C, 4°C
- November: 4°C, 3°C, 2°C, 1°C, 0°C, -1°C, -2°C
- December: 1°C, 0°C, -1°C, -2°C, -3°C, -4°C, -5°C

### Step 1: Minimum Daily Minimum Temperature for Each Month

Ab har mahine ke liye daily minimum temperature (TN) ka

minimum value dekhte hain:

- January: **0°C** (minimum of 2°C, 3°C, 1°C, 0°C, -1°C, 2°C, 4°C)
- February: **-2°C** (minimum of 1°C, 2°C, 0°C, -2°C, -1°C, 1°C, 3°C)
- March: **0°C** (minimum of 5°C, 6°C, 4°C, 3°C, 2°C, 1°C, 0°C)
- April: **4°C** (minimum of 8°C, 9°C, 10°C, 7°C, 6°C, 5°C, 4°C)
- May: **7°C** (minimum of 10°C, 12°C, 14°C, 11°C, 9°C, 8°C, 7°C)
- June: **15°C** (minimum of 15°C, 14°C, 16°C, 17°C, 18°C, 19°C,
20°C)
- July: **16°C** (minimum of 20°C, 21°C, 22°C, 19°C, 18°C, 17°C,
16°C)
- August: **17°C** (minimum of 19°C, 18°C, 17°C, 20°C, 21°C, 22°C,
23°C)
- September: **10°C** (minimum of 15°C, 16°C, 14°C, 13°C, 12°C,
11°C, 10°C)
- October: **4°C** (minimum of 10°C, 9°C, 8°C, 7°C, 6°C, 5°C, 4°C)
- November: **-2°C** (minimum of 4°C, 3°C, 2°C, 1°C, 0°C, -1°C, -
2°C)
- December: **-5°C** (minimum of 1°C, 0°C, -1°C, -2°C, -3°C, -4°C, -
5°C)
### Step 2: Monthly Minimum Minimum Temperature Values

Toh har mahine ka **TNn** (Minimum Tmin) kya hoga:

- January: **0°C**
- February: **-2°C**
- March: **0°C**
- April: **4°C**
- May: **7°C**
- June: **15°C**
- July: **16°C**
- August: **17°C**
- September: **10°C**
- October: **4°C**
- November: **-2°C**
- December: **-5°C**

### Summary:

**TNn (Minimum Tmin)** ka matlab hai ki har mahine ka daily

minimum temperature ka minimum value kya hai. Is example ke
according, har mahine ke sabse kam temperature ko record kiya
gaya hai, aur unme se lowest ko dekha gaya hai.
**TN10p (Cool Nights)** ka matlab hai un dino ka percentage jab
daily minimum temperature (TN) 10th percentile se kam hota hai.
Yani, ye un raaton ka percentage hai jab temperature itna kam hota
hai ki wo lowest 10% days mein aata hai.

### Example se samajhte hain:

Maan lo, kisi particular saal ka daily minimum temperature (TN)

kuch is tarah hai (in °C):

- January: 2°C, 3°C, 1°C, 0°C, -1°C, 2°C, 4°C

- February: 1°C, 2°C, 0°C, -2°C, -1°C, 1°C, 3°C
- March: 5°C, 6°C, 4°C, 3°C, 2°C, 1°C, 0°C
- April: 8°C, 9°C, 10°C, 7°C, 6°C, 5°C, 4°C
- May: 10°C, 12°C, 14°C, 11°C, 9°C, 8°C, 7°C
- June: 15°C, 14°C, 16°C, 17°C, 18°C, 19°C, 20°C
- July: 20°C, 21°C, 22°C, 19°C, 18°C, 17°C, 16°C
- August: 19°C, 18°C, 17°C, 20°C, 21°C, 22°C, 23°C
- September: 15°C, 16°C, 14°C, 13°C, 12°C, 11°C, 10°C
- October: 10°C, 9°C, 8°C, 7°C, 6°C, 5°C, 4°C
- November: 4°C, 3°C, 2°C, 1°C, 0°C, -1°C, -2°C
- December: 1°C, 0°C, -1°C, -2°C, -3°C, -4°C, -5°C

### Step 1: Calculate 10th Percentile

1. **Daily Minimum Temperature List**: Saal ke daily minimum
temperatures ko ek list me arrange karein:
\[ -5, -4, -3, -2, -2, -1, -1, 0, 0, 1, 1, 2, 2, 2, 3, 3, 4, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10,
10, 12, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23 \]

2. **Calculate 10th Percentile**:

- Total Days = 365
- 10th Percentile Rank = \( 0.1 \times 365 = 36.5 \) (round up to
37th position in ordered data)
- 37th position value in sorted list = **1°C**

### Step 2: Count Days Below 10th Percentile

Ab, ab dekhte hain ki kitne din aise hain jab TN < 1°C:

- **Days below 1°C**:

- January: 0°C, -1°C
- February: 0°C, -2°C, -1°C
- November: 0°C, -1°C, -2°C
- December: -1°C, -2°C, -3°C, -4°C, -5°C

Total days when TN < 1°C = 10 days

### Step 3: Calculate Percentage

Percentage of cool nights (TN < 1°C) =
{Number of days (TN < 1°C)}/{Total days}} * 100 = {10}/{365}* 100
=2.74\%

### Summary:

**TN10p (Cool Nights)** ka matlab hai percentage of days jab daily

minimum temperature (TN) 10th percentile se kam hota hai. Is
example me, humne dekha ki 10 din aise the jab temperature 1°C se
kam tha, jo ki total 365 din ka 2.74% hai.

**TX10p (Cool Days)** ka matlab hai un dino ka percentage jab

daily maximum temperature (TX) 10th percentile se kam hota hai.
Yani, ye un dino ka percentage hai jab temperature itna kam hota
hai ki wo lowest 10% days mein aata hai.

### Example se samajhte hain:

Maan lo, kisi particular saal ka daily maximum temperature (TX)

kuch is tarah hai (in °C):

- January: 12°C, 14°C, 11°C, 10°C, 9°C, 13°C, 15°C

- February: 10°C, 11°C, 8°C, 7°C, 6°C, 9°C, 12°C
- March: 15°C, 16°C, 14°C, 13°C, 12°C, 11°C, 10°C
- April: 20°C, 22°C, 21°C, 19°C, 18°C, 17°C, 16°C
- May: 25°C, 27°C, 26°C, 24°C, 23°C, 22°C, 21°C
- June: 30°C, 31°C, 29°C, 28°C, 27°C, 26°C, 25°C
- July: 35°C, 36°C, 34°C, 33°C, 32°C, 31°C, 30°C
- August: 33°C, 32°C, 31°C, 30°C, 29°C, 28°C, 27°C
- September: 28°C, 29°C, 27°C, 26°C, 25°C, 24°C, 23°C
- October: 20°C, 22°C, 21°C, 19°C, 18°C, 17°C, 16°C
- November: 15°C, 14°C, 13°C, 12°C, 11°C, 10°C, 9°C
- December: 10°C, 9°C, 8°C, 7°C, 6°C, 5°C, 4°C

### Step 1: Calculate 10th Percentile

1. **Daily Maximum Temperature List**: Saal ke daily maximum

temperatures ko ek list me arrange karein:
\[ 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 9, 10, 10, 11, 11, 12, 12, 13, 14, 14, 15, 15, 16, 17,
18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35,
36 \]

2. **Calculate 10th Percentile**:

- Total Days = 365
- 10th Percentile Rank = \( 0.1 \times 365 = 36.5 \) (round up to
37th position in ordered data)
- 37th position value in sorted list = **12°C**

### Step 2: Count Days Below 10th Percentile

Ab, dekhte hain ki kitne din aise hain jab TX < 12°C:
- **Days below 12°C**:
- January: 10°C, 9°C
- February: 10°C, 8°C, 7°C, 6°C
- November: 11°C, 10°C, 9°C
- December: 10°C, 9°C, 8°C, 7°C, 6°C

Total days when TX < 12°C = 10 (January) + 4 (February) + 3

(November) + 5 (December) = 22 days

### Step 3: Calculate Percentage

Percentage of cool days (TX < 12°C) =

\[
\left( \frac{\text{Number of days (TX < 12°C)}}{\text{Total days}} \
right) \times 100 = \left( \frac{22}{365} \right) \times 100 \approx
6.03\%
\]

### Summary:

**TX10p (Cool Days)** ka matlab hai percentage of days jab daily

maximum temperature (TX) 10th percentile se kam hota hai. Is
example me, humne dekha ki 22 din aise the jab temperature 12°C
se kam tha, jo ki total 365 din ka 6.03% hai.

**TN90p (Warm Nights)** ka matlab hai un dino ka percentage jab

daily minimum temperature (TN) 90th percentile se zyada hota hai.
Yani, ye un dino ka percentage hai jab temperature itna zyada hota
hai ki wo highest 10% days mein aata hai.

### Example se samajhte hain:

Maan lo, kisi particular saal ka daily minimum temperature (TN)

kuch is tarah hai (in °C):

- January: 5°C, 6°C, 7°C, 8°C, 9°C, 10°C, 11°C

- February: 6°C, 7°C, 8°C, 9°C, 10°C, 11°C, 12°C
- March: 10°C, 11°C, 12°C, 13°C, 14°C, 15°C, 16°C
- April: 15°C, 16°C, 17°C, 18°C, 19°C, 20°C, 21°C
- May: 20°C, 21°C, 22°C, 23°C, 24°C, 25°C, 26°C
- June: 25°C, 26°C, 27°C, 28°C, 29°C, 30°C, 31°C
- July: 30°C, 31°C, 32°C, 33°C, 34°C, 35°C, 36°C
- August: 30°C, 31°C, 32°C, 33°C, 34°C, 35°C, 36°C
- September: 25°C, 26°C, 27°C, 28°C, 29°C, 30°C, 31°C
- October: 20°C, 21°C, 22°C, 23°C, 24°C, 25°C, 26°C
- November: 15°C, 16°C, 17°C, 18°C, 19°C, 20°C, 21°C
- December: 10°C, 11°C, 12°C, 13°C, 14°C, 15°C, 16°C

### Step 1: Calculate 90th Percentile

1. **Daily Minimum Temperature List**: Saal ke daily minimum

temperatures ko ek list me arrange karein:
 \[ 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23,
24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36 \]

2. **Calculate 90th Percentile**:

- Total Days = 365
- 90th Percentile Rank = \( 0.9 \times 365 = 328.5 \) (round up to
329th position in ordered data)
- 329th position value in sorted list = **30°C**

### Step 2: Count Days Above 90th Percentile

Ab, dekhte hain ki kitne din aise hain jab TN > 30°C:

- **Days above 30°C**:

- June: 31°C, 30°C
- July: 30°C, 31°C, 32°C, 33°C, 34°C, 35°C, 36°C
- August: 30°C, 31°C, 32°C, 33°C, 34°C, 35°C, 36°C

Total days when TN > 30°C = 2 (June) + 7 (July) + 7 (August) = 16

days

### Step 3: Calculate Percentage

Percentage of warm nights (TN > 30°C) =

\[
\left( \frac{\text{Number of days (TN > 30°C)}}{\text{Total days}} \
right) \times 100 = \left( \frac{16}{365} \right) \times 100 \approx
4.38\%
\]

### Summary:

**TN90p (Warm Nights)** ka matlab hai percentage of days jab

daily minimum temperature (TN) 90th percentile se zyada hota hai.
Is example me, humne dekha ki 16 din aise the jab temperature
30°C se zyada tha, jo ki total 365 din ka 4.38% hai.

**TX90p (Warm Days)** ka matlab hai un dino ka percentage jab

daily maximum temperature (TX) 90th percentile se zyada hota hai.
Yani, ye un dino ka percentage hai jab temperature itna zyada hota
hai ki wo highest 10% days mein aata hai.

### Example se samajhte hain:

Maan lo, kisi particular saal ka daily maximum temperature (TX)

kuch is tarah hai (in °C):

- January: 10°C, 11°C, 12°C, 13°C, 14°C, 15°C, 16°C

- February: 12°C, 13°C, 14°C, 15°C, 16°C, 17°C, 18°C
- March: 15°C, 16°C, 17°C, 18°C, 19°C, 20°C, 21°C
- April: 20°C, 21°C, 22°C, 23°C, 24°C, 25°C, 26°C
- May: 25°C, 26°C, 27°C, 28°C, 29°C, 30°C, 31°C
- June: 30°C, 31°C, 32°C, 33°C, 34°C, 35°C, 36°C
- July: 35°C, 36°C, 37°C, 38°C, 39°C, 40°C, 41°C
- August: 34°C, 35°C, 36°C, 37°C, 38°C, 39°C, 40°C
- September: 30°C, 31°C, 32°C, 33°C, 34°C, 35°C, 36°C
- October: 25°C, 26°C, 27°C, 28°C, 29°C, 30°C, 31°C
- November: 20°C, 21°C, 22°C, 23°C, 24°C, 25°C, 26°C
- December: 15°C, 16°C, 17°C, 18°C, 19°C, 20°C, 21°C

### Step 1: Calculate 90th Percentile

1. **Daily Maximum Temperature List**: Saal ke daily maximum

temperatures ko ek list me arrange karein:
\[ 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18, 15, 16, 17,
18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32, 30, 31, 32,
33, 34, 35, 36, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40,
30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25,
26, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 \]

2. **Calculate 90th Percentile**:

- Total Days = 365
- 90th Percentile Rank = \( 0.9 \times 365 = 328.5 \) (round up to
329th position in ordered data)
- 329th position value in sorted list = **37°C** (hypothetical value
for this example)

### Step 2: Count Days Above 90th Percentile

Ab, dekhte hain ki kitne din aise hain jab TX > 37°C:

- **Days above 37°C**:

- June: 38°C, 39°C, 40°C, 41°C (4 days)
- July: 38°C, 39°C, 40°C, 41°C (4 days)
- August: 38°C, 39°C, 40°C (3 days)

Total days when TX > 37°C = 4 (June) + 4 (July) + 3 (August) = 11 days

### Step 3: Calculate Percentage

Percentage of warm days (TX > 37°C) =

\[
\left( \frac{\text{Number of days (TX > 37°C)}}{\text{Total days}} \
right) \times 100 = \left( \frac{11}{365} \right) \times 100 \approx
3.01\%
\]

### Summary:

**TX90p (Warm Days)** ka matlab hai percentage of days jab daily

maximum temperature (TX) 90th percentile se zyada hota hai. Is
example me, humne dekha ki 11 din aise the jab temperature 37°C
se zyada tha, jo ki total 365 din ka 3.01% hai.
**WSDI (Warm Spell Duration Indicator)** ka matlab hai un dino ki
annual count, jahan minimum 6 consecutive din hote hain jab daily
maximum temperature (TX) 90th percentile se zyada hota hai. Yani,
ye ek indicator hai jo warm spells ya garmiyon ki lambi periods ko
measure karta hai.

### Example se samajhte hain:

Maan lo, ek saal ke daily maximum temperatures (TX) kuch is tarah

hain (in °C):

- January: 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16

- February: 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18
- March: 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21
- April: 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26
- May: 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31
- June: 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36
- July: 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41
- August: 34, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40
- September: 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36
- October: 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31
- November: 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26
- December: 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21

### Step 1: Calculate 90th Percentile

1. **Daily Maximum Temperature List**: Saal ke daily maximum
temperatures ko ek list me arrange karein.
- Sorted List: \[ 10, 11, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, 18,
15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 32,
30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 35, 36, 35, 36, 37, 38, 39, 40, 41, 34, 35, 36, 37,
38, 39, 40, 30, 31, 32, 33, 34, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30, 31, 20, 21, 22,
23, 24, 25, 26, 15, 16, 17, 18, 19, 20, 21 \]

2. **Calculate 90th Percentile**:

- Total Days = 365
- 90th Percentile Rank = \( 0.9 \times 365 = 328.5 \) (round up to
329th position)
- 329th position value in sorted list = **37°C** (hypothetical value
for this example)

### Step 2: Identify Warm Spells

Ab, dekhte hain ki kitne aise periods hain jahan consecutive 6 din
hote hain jab TX > 37°C (90th percentile):

- **Consecutive Days**:
- June: 30°C, 31°C, 32°C, 33°C, 34°C, 35°C, 36°C (only 6 days)
- July: 35°C, 36°C, 37°C, 38°C, 39°C, 40°C, 41°C (7 days)
- August: 34°C, 35°C, 36°C, 37°C, 38°C, 39°C (only 6 days)
### Step 3: Count WSDI

1. **Total Count of Warm Spells**:

- June: 0 (only 5 consecutive days)
- July: 1 (7 consecutive days)
- August: 1 (6 consecutive days)

Total WSDI = 1 (July) + 1 (August) = **2 warm spells**.

### Summary:

**WSDI (Warm Spell Duration Indicator)** ka matlab hai annual

count of days jab daily maximum temperature (TX) 90th percentile
se zyada hota hai aur ye at least 6 consecutive din tak hota hai. Is
example me, humein pata chala ki total 2 warm spells the, jahan
minimum 6 din tak temperature 90th percentile se upar raha.