IIT-JAM - 2020 Physics by fiziks

[SOLUTION]

IIT-JAM - 2020
SECTION – A
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (MCQ)
Q1 – Q10 carry one mark each.
Q1. Which one of the following functions has a discontinuity in the second derivative at
x = 0 , where x is a real variable?

(a) f ( x ) = x (b) f ( x ) = x x (c) f ( x ) = cos ( x ) (d) f ( x ) = x

3 2

Ans. : (b)
d2
2 (
x x)=
2x
Solution:
dx x

Assuming a function to be real.

Plots:
y
2
1
x
( x from − 2 to 2 )
−2 −1 1 2
−1

−2
Q2. A collimated beam of laser light of wavelength 514 nm is normally incident on a smooth
glass slab placed in air. Given the refractive indices of glass and air are 1.47 and 1.0 ,
respectively, the percentage of light intensity reflected back is
(a) 0 (b) 4.0 (c) 3.6 (d) 4.2
Ans. : (c)
2
 n − n   1 − 1.47 
Solution: R=  1 2  =  = 0.036= 0.036 ×100= 3.6%
 n1 + n2   1 + 1.47 
Q3. Two stationary point particles with equal and opposite charges are at some fixed distance
from each other. The points having zero electric potential lie on:
(a) A sphere (b) A plane (c) A cylinder (d) Two parallel planes
Ans. : (b)
Solution: All points on the plane are at equal distance from charges, so potential will be
zero.

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[SOLUTION]

Q4. For a system undergoing a first order phase transition at a temperature Tc , which one of
the following graphs best describes the variation of entropy ( S ) as a function of
temperature (T )?
(a) (b) (c) (d)

S S S S

Tc T Tc T Tc T Tc T
Ans. : (d)
 ∂g 
Solution: S = −   specific entropy. In first order Phase transition first order
 ∂T  P
derivative of specific Gibbs free energy is discontinuous that is specific entropy.
Q5. In a photoelectric effect experiment, a monochromatic light source emitting photon with
energy greater than the work function of the metal under test is used. If the power of the
light source is doubled, which one of the following statements is correct?
(a) The number of emitted photoelectrons remains the same
(b) The stopping potential remains the same
(c) The number of emitted photoelectrons decreases
(d) The stopping potential doubles
Ans.: (b)
Solution: Stopping potential is not defined at power of light source
Q6. The figure below shows a cubic unit cell with lattice constant a . The shaded
crystallographic plane intersects the x -axis at 0.5 a . The Miller indices of the shaded
plane are
z

x
(a) ( 210 ) (b) ( 210 ) (c) (1 10 ) (d) (10 2 )

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[SOLUTION]

Ans. : (a)
a
Solution: (i) Intercepts along x, y, z - axis; x= , y = a, z = ∞
2
(ii) Divide by lattice parameters
a/2 a ∞ 1
, , ⇒ , 1, ∞
a a a 2
(iii) Take reciprocal, 2,1, 0

∴ The Miller indices is ( 2 1 0 )

Q7. For a particle moving in a central potential, which one of the following statements is
correct?
(a) The motion is restricted to a plane due to the conservation of angular momentum
(b) The motion is restricted to a plane due to the conservation of energy only
(c) The motion is restricted to a plane due to the conservation of linear momentum
(d) The motion is not restricted to a plane
Ans. : (a)
 
Solution: For central force problem angular momentum J is conserved and r .J = 0
which ensure that motion of particle is confined in plane
Q8. Consider the motion of a quantum particle of mass m and energy E under the influence
of a step potential of height V0 . If R denotes the reflection coefficient, which one of the

following statements is true?

V0

x
4 4
=
(a) If E = V0 , R 1 =
(b) E = V0 , R 0
3 3
1 1
=
(c) E = V0 , R 1 =
(d) E = V0 , R 0.5
2 2
Ans. : (c)
V0
Solution: E = ⇒ E < V0 , so R = 1 . Therefore, option (c) is correct
2
Q9. The Boolean function PQ ( P + Q ) ( Q + Q ) is equivalent to:

(a) P (b) P (c) PQ (d) PQ

Ans. : (b)

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Solution:

( )( ) (
Y = PQ P + Q Q + Q ⇒ Y = P + Q P + Q .1 = P + PQ + PQ )( )
⇒ Y = P (1 + Q ) + PQ= P (1 + Q )= P

Q10. Three point charges each carrying a charge q are placed on the vertices of an equilateral
triangle of side L . The electrostatic potential energy of the configuration is:
1 q2 2 q2 3 q2 1 q2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4πε 0 L 4πε 0 L 4πε 0 L πε 0 L
Ans. 10: (c)
Solution: Work done in placing charges
1 q
•
1 q 2
1 q q 1 2q 2
W1 = 0 , W2 = and=
W3 q  =+ 
4πε 0 L 4πε 0  L L  4πε 0 L L L
Also Total work done
2 q• •q 3
1 q2 3 q2
= W1 + W2 + W3 = (1 + 2 ) = L
4πε 0 L 4πε 0 L
Q11 - Q30 carry two marks each.
Q11. Which of the following statements is correct?
n n!
Given   = is the binomial coefficient
 m  m !( n − m ) !
n n
(a) cos nθ =
cos n θ −   cos n − 2 θ sin 2 θ +   cos n − 4 θ sin 4 θ − ...
 2  4
n n
(b) sin nθ =  cos n −1 θ sin θ +   cos n −3 θ sin 3 θ + ...
1  3
n n
(c) cos nθ =
cos n θ +   cos n − 2 θ sin 2 θ +   cos n − 4 θ sin 4 θ + ....
 2  4
n n
(d) sin nθ =
cos n θ −   cos n − 2 θ sin 2 θ +   cos n − 4 θ sin 4 θ − ....
 2  4
Ans. : (a)
Solution: Let’s invoke De Moivre’s theorem here. We have

cos ( nθ ) + i sin ( nθ ) =( cos (θ ) + i sin (θ ) )

n

Since n is a positive integer, the binomial theorem holds,

( cos (θ ) + i sin (θ ) )
n

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Hence, by expanding, we have

n ( n − 1)
( cos (θ ) + i sin (θ ) ) = cos n (θ ) + n cos n −1 (θ ) ⋅ i sin (θ ) + cos n − 2 (θ ) ⋅ i 2 sin 2 (θ ) + ....
n

1⋅ 2
Since i 2 =
−1, i 3 =
−i, i 4 =
1, i 5 =
i,.... , we have

 n ( n − 1)
( cos (θ ) + i sin (θ ) ) = cos n (θ ) − cos n − 2 (θ ) ⋅ sin 2 (θ )
n

 1⋅ 2

n ( n − 1)( n − 2 )( n − 3) 
+ cos n − 4 (θ ) ⋅ sin 4 (θ ) + ....
1⋅ 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 4 
 n ( n − 1)( n − 2 )( n − 3) 
+i  n cos n −1 (θ ) ⋅ sin (θ ) − cos n −3 (θ ) ⋅ sin 3 (θ ) + ....
 1⋅ 2 ⋅ 3 
By equating the real and imaginary parts, we obtain
n ( n − 1)
cos ( nθ ) =
cos n (θ ) − cos n − 2 (θ ) ⋅ sin 2 (θ )
1⋅ 2
n ( n − 1)( n − 2 )( n − 3)
+ cos n − 4 (θ ) ⋅ sin 4 (θ ) + ....
1⋅ 2 ⋅ 3 ⋅ 4
n ( n − 1)( n − 2 )
Also, sin ( n=
θ ) n cos n −1 (θ ) ⋅ sin (θ ) − cos n −3 (θ ) ⋅ sin 3 (θ ) + .....
1⋅ 2 ⋅ 3
  rˆ 
2
r
− 
Q12. The volume integral ∫ e R
∇ ⋅  2  d 3 r , where V is the volume of a sphere of radius R
v r 
centered at the origin, is equal to
4
(a) 4π (b) 0 (c) π R3 (d) 1
3
Ans. 12: (a)
Solution:
  rˆ  3  − 0  
2 2 2
r r
−  − 
=J ∫e R
∫
∇ ⋅ 2  d r = e R
× 4πδ ( r ) d r =
3 3
4π e  R  = 4π
v  
r v  

Q13. lim x x is equal to

x →0 +

(a) 0 (b) ∞ (c) e (d) 1

Ans. : (d)
ln x
Solution: y = x x ⇒ ln y = x ln x =
1/ x
1/ x
lim ln y = =− x =0, ln y =0 , So, y = 1 is the answer.
x →0 −1/ x 2
⇒ y = e0 = 1
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[SOLUTION]

Q14. A wheel is rotating at a frequency f 0 Hz about a fixed vertical axis. The wheel stops in

t0 seconds, with constant angular deceleration. The number of turns covered by the
wheel before it comes to rest is given by
f 0 t0 f 0t 0
(a) f 0t0 (b) 2 f 0t0 (c) (d)
2 2
Ans: (c)
Solution: ω0 = 2π f 0 , ω
= ω0 − α t

ω0 2π f
α= ⇒α = 0
t0 t0
1 1 ω0 2 ω0t0 2π f 0t0
θ ω0t − α t 2 =
= ω0t0 − t0 = =
2 2 t0 2 2
θ ft
=
Number of turns = 0 0 . So the option (c) is correct.
2π 2
Q15. Two objects of masses m and 2m are moving at speeds of v and v / 2 , respectively.
After undergoing a completely inelastic collision, they move together with a speed of
v / 3 . The angle between the initial velocity of the two objects is
(a) 60 0 (b) 120 0 (c) 450 (d) 90 0
Ans. : (b)
Solution: As ∆px = 0, ∆p y = 0

For x direction,
v cos θ cos θ v
⇒ 2m × + mv = 3m ×
2 2 2 3
cos θ cos θ 1
⇒ 2mv =
mv ⇒ = =
cos 600
2 2 3
θ
= 600 ⇒ θ = 1200
2
Q16. Two planets P1 and P2 having masses M 1 and M 2 revolve around the Sun in elliptical

orbits, with time periods T1 and T2 respectively. The minimum and maximum distances

of planet P1 from the Sun are R and 3R respectively, whereas for planet P2 these are

2R and 4R , respectively, where R is a constant. Assuming M 1 and M 2 are much

T2
smaller than the mass of the Sun, the magnitude of is
T1

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[SOLUTION]

2 2M 1 3 3M 2 3 3 2 2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
3 3M 2 2 2M 1 2 2 3 3
Ans. : (c)
Solution: T 2 ∝ a 3 For P1 , 2a1 = 4 R ⇒ a1 = 2 R
For P2 , 2a2 = 6 R ⇒ a2 = 3R
3/ 2
4π 2 a 3 T2  a2 
3/ 2 3/ 2
 3R  3 3 3
T ∝
2
⇒=  =  =  =
GM s T1  a1   2R  2 2 2
Option (c) is correct
Q17. The intensity of the primary maximum in a two-slit interference pattern is given by I 2
and the intensity of the primary maximum in a three-slit interference pattern is given
by I 3 . Assuming the far-field approximation, same slit parameters and intensity of the
incident light in both the cases, I 2 and I 3 are related as
3 9 2 4
(a) I 2 = I3 (b) I 2 = I3 (c) I 2 = I3 (d) I 2 = I3
2 4 3 9
Ans. : (d)
Solution: For two slits, I 2 =( a + a ) =4a 2
2

For three slits, I 3 = (a + a + a) = 9a 2

2

I2 4 4
∴ = ⇒ I 2 = I3
I3 9 9
Q18. A short rod of length L and negligible diameter lies along the optical axis of concave
mirror at a distance of 3m . The focal length of the mirror is 1m and L << 1 m . If L′ is the
length of image of the object in the mirror, then
L′ L′ L′ 1 L′ 1
(a) =4 (b) =2 (c) = (d) =
L L L 16 L 4
Ans. : (d)
1 1 1 du dv dv v2 dv
Solution: For mirror + = ⇒ − 2 − 2 =0 ⇒ =
− 2→ =
m2
u v f u v du u du
L′
= m2
L
v f ( −1) 1
m= = = = u =
−3m, f =
−1 m
u u− f ( −3) − ( −1) 2
L′ 1
∴ =
L 4

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[SOLUTION]

Q19. A beam of unpolarized light of intensity I 0 falls on a system of four identical linear
polarizers placed in a line as shown in figure. The transmission axes of any two
successive polarizers make an angle of 30 0 with each other. If the transmitted light has
I
intensity I , the ratio is
I0

81 9 27 27
(a) (b) (c) (d)
256 16 64 128
Ans. : (d)
I0 I I0
Solution: I1 = , I 2 = 0 cos=
2
300 , I 3 I= 2
2 cos 30 cos 4 300
2 2 2
6
I0 I0  3  27
=I 4 I=
3 cos 30 =
cos 6 300 =
2 0
  I0
2 2  2  128

Q20. Consider an annular region in free space containing a uniform magnetic field in the z -
direction, schematically represented by the shaded region in the figure. A particle having
charge Q and mass M starts off from point P ( a, 0, 0 ) in the + x - direction with constant

speed v . If the radii of inner and outer circles are a and b , respectively, the minimum
magnetic field required so that the particle returns to the inner y
circle is
−1
Mv  b 2 − a 2 
(a)  
Q  b 
x
P
−1
Mv  b 2 − a 2 
(b)  
Q  2b 
−1
Mv  b 2 − a 2 
(c)  
Q  3b 
−1
Mv  b 2 − a 2 
(d)  
Q  4b 

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[SOLUTION]

Ans. 20: (b) y

Solution:
In the right angle triangle shown in figure
(b − r ) =a 2 + r 2 ⇒ b 2 + r 2 − 2br = a 2 + r 2
2

b2 − a 2 a P
⇒r= •
b x
2b b−r r
mv •
Radius of the circular path is r= r
QB
−1
mv mv  b 2 − a 2 
⇒ B= =  
Qr Q  2b 
Q21. A thin conducting square loop of side L is placed in the first quadrant of the xy - plane
with one of the vertices at the origin. If a changing magnetic field

B= ( )
( t ) β 0 5 zyt xˆ + zxt yˆ + 3 y 2t zˆ is applied, where β 0 is a constant, then the magnitude
of the induced electromotive force in the loop is
(a) 4 β 0 L4 (b) 3β 0 L4 (c) 2β 0 L4 (d) β 0 L4
Ans. 21: (d)
Solution: y
  
Area element d a = dxdyzˆ ⇒ B.d a = 3β 0 y 2tdxdy
 
=
Magnetic flux φ ∫= B.d a ∫ 3β 0 y 2tdxdy
S S L
L L
L3 ẑ
3β 0t ∫ dx ∫ y 2 dy= 3β 0t × L × = β 0 L4t
⇒φ =
3 x
( 0, 0 )
0 0
L
dφ
ε
Thus magnitude of e.m.f = = β 0 L4
dt
−1
 εk−Tµ 
Q22. In which one of the following limits the Fermi-Dirac distribution nF ( ε=
, T )  e B + 1
 
 
−1
 ε −µ 
and Bose-Einstein distribution nB ( ε=
, T )  e k BT − 1  reduce to Maxwell-Boltzmann
 
 
distribution? (Here ε is the energy of the state, µ is the chemical potential, k B is the
Boltzmann constant and T is the temperature)
(a) µ = 0 (b) ( ε − µ )  k B T

(c) ( ε − µ )  k B T (d) µ  k B T
Ans. : (c)

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[SOLUTION]

1 1
Solution: nF ( ε , T ) = (ε − µ )
, nB ( ε , T ) = (ε − µ )
1+ e k BT
e k BT
−1
(ε − µ ) (ε − µ )
Let = x , If  1 ⇒ ( ε − µ )  k BT
kBT k BT
If x  1 ⇒ e x  1 , then nF ( ε , T ) = e − x , nB ( ε , T ) = e − x which is M.B.
Q23. Consider N classical particles at temperature T , each of which can have two possible
energies 0 and ε . The number of particles in the lower energy level ( N 0 ) and higher
energy level ( N ε ) levels are related by
( k B is the Boltzmann constant)
−ε ε ε −ε
N N N N0
(a) 0 = e k BT (b) 0 = e k BT (c) 0 = 1 + e k BT (d) = 1 − e k BT
Nε Nε Nε Nε
Ans. : (b)
NE N
Solution:  N E = N 0 e − β E ⇒ e− β E ⇒ 0 =
= eβ E
N0 NE
Q24. The root mean square ( rms ) speeds of Hydrogen atoms at 500 K , VH and Helium atoms
at 2000 K , VHe are related as
(a) VH > VHe (b) VH < VHe (c) VH = VHe (d) VH  VHe
Ans. : (c)
3k BT 3RTH 3RTHe
Solution: Vrms = , VH = and VHe =
m MH M He

VH TH M He 500 4 VH
= × = × ⇒ =
0.7070 .
VHe M H THe 2000 2 VHe
Therefore VH < VHe
Q25. The normalized ground-state wave function of a one-dimensional quantum harmonic
α 
1/ 4

oscillator with force constant K and mass m is ψ 0 ( x ) =   e −α x

2
/2
, where
π 
α = mω0 /  and ω02 = K / m . Which one of the following is the probability of finding the
particle outside the classically allowed region? (The classically allowed region is where
the total energy is greater than the potential energy)
2 ∞ 2 ∞

π ∫ π ∫
y 2 e − y dy e − y dy
2 2
(a) (b)
1 1

(c) 0.5 (d) 0

Ans. : (b)

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[SOLUTION]

Solution: Turning point is

2E  
α1 =
− =
− and α 2 = +
mω02 mω0 mω0

Probability to find the particle in classical forbidden region

∞ ∞ ∞ mω0 x 2
α   mω0 
1/ 2 1/ 2
−
2 ∫ ψ 0 dx = 2 ∫
−α x 2
dx = 2 ×  ∫
2

  e  e dx
α  π   π  
mω0 mω0

mω0 
Let x = y ⇒ dx = dy
 mω0


If x = ⇒y=
1 and if x = ∞ ⇒ y =∞
mω0
∞ ∞
 mω0 
1/ 2
 2
∫ ∫e
− y2
Thus 2 ×  e − y dy =
2

 dy
 π  mω0 1 π 1

Therefore, option (b) is correct.

Q26. A linear operator Ô acts on two orthonormal states of a system ψ 1 and ψ 2 as per

1
Oˆψ 1 ψ 2=
following:= , Oˆψ 2 (ψ 1 +ψ 2 ) . The system is in a superposed state defined
2
1 i
by ψ
= ψ1 + ψ 2 . The expectation value of Ô in the state ψ is
2 2

(a)
2
1
2
(1 + i ( 2 +1 )) (b)
2 2
1
(1 − i ( 2 +1 ))
(c)
2
1
2
(1 + i ( 2 −1 )) (d)
2 2
1
(1 − i ( 2 −1 ))
Ans. : (d)
Solution: Ô ψ 1 = ψ 2

Oˆ ψ 2
=
1
2
ψ1 + ψ 2 =ψ
1
2
( ψ1 ) +
i
2
( ψ2 )
1 i
=ψ ψ1 − ψ2
2 2

ψ Oˆ ψ
Oˆ = ψ ψ =1
ψψ

1 ˆ i ˆ 1 i  1 1 
Oˆ ψ
= O ψ1 + O ψ 2 =ψ 2 +  ψ1 + ψ2 
2 2 2 2 2 2 
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[SOLUTION]

i  1 i i i  1 i
= ψ1 +  +  ψ 2 = ψ Oˆ ψ = −  + 
2  2 2 2 2 2  2 2

=
i i
− +
1
=
i
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
1+ 1− 2 i =
1
2 2
( (
1− i )) ( ( 2 −1 ))
Q27. Consider a one-dimensional infinite potential well of width a . The system contains five
non-interacting electrons, each of mass m , at temperature T = 0 K . The energy of the
highest occupied state is
25π 2  2 10π 2  2 5π 2  2 9π 2  2
(a) (b) (c) (d)
2ma 2 2ma 2 2ma 2 2ma 2
Ans. : (d)
Solution: Ground state have two electrons so energy is 2E0 .

First excited state has two electrons, 2 ⋅ ( 4E0 ) .

π 22
Second excited state has remaining 1 electron, 1× 9E0 where E0 =
2ma 2
π 22
So, energy at highest occipital level is 9 ×
2ma 2
Q28. Consider the crystal structure shown in the figure, where black and grey spheres
represent atoms of two different elements and a denotes the lattice constant. The Bravais
lattice for this structure is

a
(a) Simple cubic (b) Face-centered cubic
(c) Body-centered cubic (d) Triclinic
Ans. : (b)
Solution: This is a structure of sodium-chloride whose lattice is Face Centred Cubic.
Thus, the correct option is (b)

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Q29. For unbiased Silicon n-p -n transistor in thermal equilibrium, which one of the following
electronic energy band diagrams is correct? ( Ec = conduction band minimum, Ev =
valence band maximum, E F = Fermi level).
(a) (b)
EC
EC
EF EF

Ev Ev
(c) (d)
EC
EF EC
EF
EF
Ev EF
Ev

Ans. 29: (b)

Solution:
In equilibrium fermi-level on each side aligned.
Q30. In the circuit shown in the figure, both OPAMPs are ideal. The output for the circuit Vout
is
10R
10 R

R
− 5R
−
V1 + Vout
R +

V2

(a) 20V1 + 10V2 (b) −20V1 + 10V2

(c) 10V1 − 20V2 (d) 20V1 − 10V2
Ans. 30: (d)
Solution:
10 R
Output of first op-amp is V01 =
− V1 =
−10V1 .
R

( −10V1 ) +  −
10 R 10 R 
Thus Vout =−  V2 ⇒ Vout = 20V1 − 10V2
5R  R 
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SECTION - B
MULTIPLE SELECT QUESTIONS (MSQ)
Q31 – Q40 carry two marks each.
Q31. If P and Q are Hermitian matrices which of the following is/are true?

(A matrix P is Hermitian if P = P † , where the elements Pij† = Pji* )

(a) PQ + QP is always Hermitian

(b) i ( PQ − QP ) is always Hermitian

(c) PQ is always Hermitian

(d) PQ − QP is always Hermitian
Ans. : (a), (b)

Solution: ( PQ + QP ) = ( PQ ) + ( QP ) = Q † P † + P †Q
= QP + PQ
† † † †

( PQ
= ) Q=
† † †
P QP

( PQ − QP ) =QP − PQ
†

−i ( Q † P † − P † Q † ) =
i ( PQ − QP )  = −i ( QP − PQ ) =
i ( PQ − QP )
†

   
Q32. Consider a vector function u ( r ) and two scalar functions ψ ( r ) and φ ( r ) . The unit

vector n̂ is normal to the elementary surface dS , dV is an infinitesimal volume, dl is an
∂
infinitesimal line element and denotes the partial derivative along n̂ . Which of the
∂n
following identities is/are correct?
  
(a) ∫
∇.udV = u ⋅ ndS
V ∫
ˆ , where surface S bounds the volume V
S

 ∂φ ∂ψ 
(b) ∫V
ψ ∇ 2φ − φ∇ 2ψ=
 dV ∫ 
S
ψ
∂n
−φ
∂n  dS , where surface S bounds the

volume V
 ∂φ ∂ψ 
(c) ∫ ψ ∇ 2φ − φ∇ 2=
V 
ψ  dV ∫ S
ψ
 ∂n
+ φ
∂n  dS , where surface S bounds the

volume V
   
(d) ∫u ⋅=
C
dl ∫∫ (∇ × u ) ⋅ ndS
S
ˆ , where C is the boundary of surface S

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Ans. 32: (a), (b) and (d)

Solution:
(a) Gauss Divergence Theorem
    ∂φ
( )
(b) ∫ψ∇ 2φ dV = ∫ψ ∇. ∇φ dV = ∫ ( )
∇φ .d S = ∫ ψ ∂n dS
V V S S

    ∂ψ
( )
Similarly − ∫ φ∇ 2ψ dV =− ∫ φ ∇. ∇ψ dV =− ∫ φ ∇ψ .d S =− ∫ φ
∂n
( )
dS
V V S S

Hence option (b) is correct.

(d) Stoke’s Theorem
Q33. A thin rod of uniform density and length 2 3 m is undergoing small oscillations about a
pivot point. The time period of oscillation (Tm ) is minimum when the distance of the

pivot point from the center-of-mass of the rod is xm . Which of the following is/are
correct?
3 2π 2π
(a) xm = 1 m (b) xm = m (c) Tm = s (d) Tm = s
2 3 5
Ans. : (a), (d)
I
Solution: Time period of rod of length L is T = 2π
MgR

Ml 2
=
where I + Mx 2 , R = x and l = 2 3
12
 Ml 2 Mx 2  l2 x
=T 4π  2
+ 2
=⇒ T 2π +
12 ⋅ Mgx Mgx  12 gx g

4π 2  l 2 
=
T 
2
+ x
g  12 x 
dT 2 4π 2  l  l2 4×3
=0 ⇒  − + 1  =0 ⇒ x 2
= ⇒ x 2= = 1⇒x=
1m
dx g  12 x 2
 12 12

l2 x 1 1 2 2π
=T 2π + = 2π + = 2π = sec.
12 gx g 10 10 10 5
Hence option (a) and (d) are correct.
Q34. Three sinusoidal waves off the same frequency travel with the same speed along the
a a
positive x - direction. The amplitudes of the waves are a, and and the phase
2 3
π 3π
constants of the waves are , π and , respectively. If Am and ϕ m are the amplitude
2 2

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and phase constant of the wave resulting from the superposition of the three waves,
which of the following is/are correct?
5 π 3
(a) Am = a (b) ϕ m= + tan −1  
6 2 4
7 2
(c) Am = a (d) ϕ m = tan −1  
6 3
Ans. : (a), (b)
 π a a
y1 a sin  ωt + =
Solution:=  a cos ωt , y2 =sin (ωt + π ) =
− sin ωt ,
 2 2 2
a  3π  a
y3 = sin  ωt + =− cos ωt
3  2  3
2a a
y = y1 + y2 + y3 = cos ωt − sin ωt = Am sin (ωt + θ )
3 2

16 + 9 5
2 2
 2a   a  4 1
A=
m   +  − = a += a = a
 3   2 9 4 36 6
a 2a
Am cos φm = − , Am sin φm =
2 3
2a 2 4 4 π  4  π 4
⇒ tan φm =
− − ⇒ − tan φm = ⇒ − cot  − φm  = ⇒ cot  φm −  =
=
3 a 3 3 2  3  2 3

 π 3 π 3 π 3
⇒ tan  φm −  = ⇒ φm − =tan −1 ⇒ φm = + tan −1  
 2 4 2 4 2 4
Q35. An object executes simple harmonic motion along the x -direction with angular
frequency ω and amplitude a . The speed of the object is 4 cm / s and 2 cm / s when it is
at distances 2 cm and 6 cm respectively from the equilibrium position. Which of the
following is/are correct?

3 5
(a) ω = rad / s (b) ω = rad / s
8 6

140 175
(c) a = cm (d) a = cm
3 6
Ans. : (a), (c)
Solution: x = A sin (ωt )

dx x2
⇒u= = Aω cos (ωt ) = Aω 1 − 2 = ω A2 − x 2
dt A

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⇒ u=
2
ω 2 ( A2 − x 2 )

∴ ( 4 ) = ω 2 ( a 2 − 22 )
2
(i)

( 2 ) ω 2 ( a 2 − 62 )
=
2
(ii)

Divide (i) and (ii), we get

16 a 2 − 4 140
= 2 ⇒
= a
4 a − 36 3

u 2 2 3
∴ω
= = = = rad/sec
a2 − x2 140 2
−6
140
− 36
8
3 3

140 3
Thus, a = and ω = rad/sec
3 8
  
Q36. For electric and magnetic field E and B , due to a charge density ρ ( r , t ) and a current
 
density J ( r , t ) , which of the following relations is/are always correct?
 
(a) ∇ × E = 0
 
(b) ∇ ⋅ B = 0
  ∂ρ
(c) ∇ ⋅ J − =0
∂t
    
( )
(d) F= q E + v × B , where F is the force on a particle with charge q moving with

velocity v
Ans. : (b), (d)
Q37. A spherical dielectric shell with inner radius a and outer radius b , has polarization
 k
P = 2 rˆ , where k is a constant and r̂ is the unit vector along the radial direction.
r
Which of the following statements is/are correct?
(a) The surface density of bound charges on the inner and outer surfaces are −k and
+ k , respectively. The volume density of bound charges inside the dielectric is
zero
(b) The surface density of bound charges is zero on both the inner and outer surfaces.
The volume density of bound charges inside the dielectric is + k

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−k
(c) The surface density of bound charges on the inner and outer surfaces are and
a2
k
, respectively. The volume density of bound charges inside the dielectric is
b2
zero
(d) The surface density of bound charges is zero on both the inner and outer surfaces.
3k
The volume density of bound charges inside the dielectric is
(
4π b 3 − a 3 )
Ans. 37: (c)
Solution:
  1 ∂  2 k   k
ρb = −∇.P = − r × 2  = 0 P = 2 rˆ
r 2 ∂r  r  r
a
 k k • −r̂
σb (r = a) =P.nˆ =2 rˆ. ( −rˆ ) = − 2
a a
 k k b r̂
and σ b (=
r b= ) P.= nˆ 2
rˆ. ( rˆ=
) 2
b b
Q38. One mole of an ideal gas having specific heat ratio ( γ ) of 1.6 is mixed with one mole of

another ideal gas having specific heat ratio of 1.4 . If CV and C P are the molar specific

heat capacities of the gas mixture at constant volume and pressure, respectively, which of
the following is/are correct? ( R denotes thee universal gas constant).
(a) CV = 2.08 R (b) C p = 2.9 R

(c) C p = 1.48 CV (d) C p = 1.52 CV

Ans. : (a), (c)

R
Solution:=
n1 1,= 1 , γ 1 1.6,
n2 = = γ 2 1.4 , CV =
γ −1
n1CV1 + n2CV2 R 1 1 
CV = = + = 2.08 R
n1 + n2 2 1.6 − 1 1.4 − 1 


Cp 3.08
C p = CV + R = 3.08 R ⇒ = = 1.48
CV 2.08

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Q39. Two relativistic particles with opposite velocities collide head-on and come to rest by
sticking with each other. Which of the following quantities is/are conserved in the
collision?
(a) Total momentum (b) Total energy
(c) Total kinetic energy (d) Total rest mass
Ans. : (a), (b)
Q40. Figure shows a circuit diagram comprising Boolean logic gates and the corresponding
timing diagrams show the digital signals at various points in the circuit. Which of the
following is/are true?

1 2 3
5 6 7 4
4
5

7
(a) Points 3 and 7 are shorted
(b) The NOT gate on the right is faulty
(c) The AND gate is faulty and acts like a NOR gate
(d) The AND gate is faulty and acts like an OR gate
Ans. : (d)

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SECTION - C
NUMERICAL ANSWER TYPE (NAT)
Q41 - Q50 carry one mark each.

Q41. The line integral of the vector function u ( x,=
y ) 2 y iˆ + x ˆj along the straight line from

( 0, 0 ) to ( 2, 4 ) is_________

Ans. 41: 12

Solution: =u 2 yiˆ + xjˆ , ( 0, 0 ) → ( 2, 4 ) , Line equation is y = 2 x ⇒ dy =
2dx and

=
dl dxiˆ + dyjˆ .
     
⇒ u.dl = 2 ydx + xdy ⇒ u.dl =2 × 2 x × dx + x ( 2dx ) ⇒ u.dl = 6 xdx

  2
 x2 
2

∫ .dl
Thus =u ∫0=
6 xdx 6 =  12
 2 0
Q42. Consider a thin bi-convex lens of relative refractive index n = 1.5 . The radius of
curvature of one surface of the lens is twice that of the other. The magnitude of larger
radius of curvature in units of the focal length of the lens is ________ (Round off to 1
decimal place)
Ans. : 1.5
1 1 
(1.5 − 1) 
1 1 1 1  1 1 
Solution: ( µ − 1)  −  ⇒ =
= −  = 0.5  + 
f  R1 R2  f  R −2 R   R 2R 
1 0.5 × 3 3f
⇒ = 3 f ⇒ 2R =
⇒ 4R = = 1.5 f
f 2R 2
Q43. Water flows in a horizontal pipe in a streamlined manner at an absolute pressure of
4 ×105 Pa and speed of 6 m / s . If it exits the pipe at a pressure of 105 Pa , the speed of
water at the exit point is _________ m/s (Round off to 1 decimal place)
(The density of water is 1000 kg / m 3 )
Ans. : 25.2
1 1
Solution: Applying Bernoulli’s equation; P1 + ρV12 + ρ gh1 =
P2 + ρV22 + ρ gh2
2 2
ρV12 ρV22
As h1 = h2 ⇒ P1 + = P2 +
2 2
6×6 V2
4 × 105 + 1000 × =105 + 1000 × 2 ⇒ V2 =
25.21 m / sec
2 2

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Q44. Consider a retarder with refractive indices ne = 1.551 and no = 1.542 along the
extraordinary and ordinary axes, respectively. The thickness of this retarder for which a
left circularly polarized light of wavelength 600 nm will be converted into a right
circularly polarized light is ______ µ m . (Round off to 2 decimal place)
Ans. : 33.33
λ λ 600 ×10−9
Solution: ( ne − no ) t = ⇒t = = m
2 2 ( ne − no ) 2 (1.551 − 1.542 )

600 600 100

⇒t = ×10−9 = × 10−6 = × 10−6 = 33.33 × 10−6 m = 33.33 µ m
2 × 0.009 2×9 3
Q45. Using a battery a 10 pF capacitor is charged to 50V and then the battery is removed.
After that, a second uncharged capacitor is connected to the first capacitor in parallel. If
the final voltage across the second capacitor is 20V , its capacitance is _________ pF .
Ans. 45: 15
Solution:
Case I: Capacitor is charged upto q = CV =10 pF × 50V = 500 pC ,
Case II: First Capacitor is connected in parallel to second and common voltage is 20 V.
q = q1 + q2 = 500 pC ⇒ 10 pF × 20V + q2 =
500 pC

⇒ q2 =
300 pC ⇒ C2 × 20 V =
300 pC ⇒ C2 =
15 pF

Q46. Consider two spherical perfect blackbodies with radii R1 and R2 at temperatures

T1 = 1000 K and T2 = 2000 K , respectively. They both emit radiation of power 1kW . The

ratio of their radii R1 / R2 is given by__________

Ans. : 4
Solution: P1 = σ 4π R12T14 and P2 = σ 4π R22T24

P1 R12 T24
 = 1 ⇒ R1 T1 =
2 4
R2 T2 ⇒ 2 =
2 4

P2 R2 T14

R T 2 ( 2000 )
2

⇒ 1 = 22 = =4
(1000 )
2
R2 T1

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0
Q47. In a Compton scattering experiment, the wavelength of incident X -rays is 0.500 A . If
0
the Compton wavelength λc is 0.024 A , the value of the longest wavelength possible for
0
the scattered X -ray is _________ A (specify up to 3 decimal places)
Ans. : 0.548
h
λ
Solution: ∆= (1 − cos φ )
mc
h
λ2 − λ1 = ×2
mc
0
λ2 0.024 × 2 + 0.500 = 0.048 + 0.500 = 0.548 A
=
Q48. A solid with FCC crystal structure is probed using X -rays of wavelength 0.2 nm . For
the crystallographic plane given by ( 2, 0, 0 ) , a first order diffraction peak is observed for a
Bragg angle of 210 . The unit cell size is __________ nm (Round off to 2 decimal places)
Ans. : 0.56
2a sin θ
Solution: 2d sin θ = λ ⇒ λ
=
h2 + k 2 + l 2
λ 0.2 × 10−9 0.2nm
=
⇒a h 2 +=
k2 + l2 22 +=
0+0 × 2 = 0.56 nm
2sin θ ( )
2 × sin 210 2 × 0.36

Q49. The figure shows a circuit containing two diodes D1 and D2 with threshold voltages VTH
of 0.7V and 0.3V , respectively. Considering the simplified diode model, which assumes
diode I -V characteristic as shown in the plot on the right, the current through the
resistor R is ________ µ A .
l

10V D1 =
R 100 k Ω

VTH V
D2
Ans. 49: 97
Solution:
Diodes D1 ( Si ) and D2 ( Ge ) are in parallel. So once switch is ON, D2 ( Ge ) will be ON
and
D1 ( Si ) will be OFF.
10 V − 0.3V 9.7
=I = = mA 97 µ A
100 k Ω 100

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Q50. An ideal gas undergoes an isothermal expansion along a path

P A
AB , adiabatic expansion along BC , isobaric compression along
CD , isothermal compression along DE , and adiabatic
B
compression along EA , as shown in the figure. The work done by
E
the gas along the process BC is 10 J . The change in the internal
D C
energy along process EA is 16 J . The absolute value of the
change in the internal energy along the process CD is V
________ J
Ans. : 6
A
Solution: ∆U AB =
0 , ∆U DE =
0 Isothermal
 ∆U =
0 Adiabatic B Adiabatic
∆U BC + ∆U CD + ∆U EA = 0 ∆U =
16 J ω = 10
E
−10 + ∆U CD + 16 = 0 C
D Isobaric
⇒ ∆U CD = −6 isothermal

Q51 - Q60 carry two marks each.

d2y dy
Q51. If a function y ( x ) is described by the initial-value problem 2
+ 5 + 6y =
0 , with
dx dx
 dy 
initial conditions y ( 0 ) = 2 and   = 0 , then the value of y at x = 1 is _________
 dx  x =0
(Round off to 2 decimal places)
Ans. : 0.60
=
Solution: y c1e −2 x + c2 e −3 x  y (0) = 2
⇒ 2 = c1 + c2 (i)
 dy 
y′ =
−2c1e −2 x − 3c2 e −3 x   = 0
 dx  x =0
⇒ 0 =−2c1 − 3c2 (ii)
Solve (i) and (ii) we will get; c1 = 6 , c2 = −4
y 6e −2 x − 4e −3 x ⇒ y (1) =
⇒= 0.6
Q52. A vehicle of mass 600 kg with an engine operating at constant power P accelerates from
rest on a straight horizontal road. The vehicle covers a distance of 600 m in 1 minute.
Neglecting all losses, the magnitude of P is _______ kW . (Round off to 2 decimal
places)
Ans. : 1.11 to 1.13
Solution:

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Q53. The angular momentum of a particle relative to origin varies with time ( t ) as
 
= ( )
L 4 xˆ + at 2 yˆ kgm 2 / s , where a = 1 kg m 2 / s 3 . The angle between L and the torque

acting on the particle becomes 450 after a time of _________ s .

Ans. : 2

  dL
Solution: =
L (
4i + α t j ⇒ τ =
ˆ 2
)
dt
= 2α tjˆ
 
 π  L ⋅τ 1 2α 2t 3 αt2
cos   = = ⇒ =
4 L τ 2 16 + α 2t 4 × 2α t 16 + α 2t 4
16 16
16 + α 2t 4 = 2α 2t 4 ⇒ α 2t 4 = 16 ⇒ t 4 = = (16=
)
1/ 4
⇒
= t 2sec
α 2
1
Q54. =
Two transverse waves y1 5cos ( kx − ωt ) cm, and
= y2 5cos ( kx + ωt ) cm, travel on a

string along x -axis. If the speed of a point at x = 0 is zero at t = 0 s, 0.25 s and 0.5 s ,
then the minimum frequency of the waves is __________Hz.
Ans. : 2
Solution:
Time difference (Separation) between two zero velocities
T
= 0.25 s ; T = 0.5 s
2
1 1
So, frequency f= = = 2 Hz
T 0.5
Q55. For the ac circuit shown in the figure,=
R 100 k Ω and C = 10 pF , the phase difference

between Vin and Vout is 90 0 at the input signal frequency of ________ kHz. (Round off
to 2 decimal places)

R C
Vout= VB − VA
Vin
A B
C R

Ans. 55: 159.2

Solution:
 XC   R 
VA =   Vin and VB =   Vin
 R + XC   R + XC 

24 Revised Edition-2022
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 IIT-JAM - 2020 Physics by fiziks
[SOLUTION]

 R − XC  Vout  jωCR − 1 
⇒ Vout =VB − V A ⇒ Vout =
  Vin ⇒ = 
 R + XC  Vin  jωCR + 1 

 2 
Vout  1 + (ωCR )  e − jθ
=⇒ = e − j 2θ where θ = tan −1 (ω RC )
 
Vin  1 + (ωCR )  e
2 jθ

 
π
Thus φ = −2 tan −1 (ω RC ) ⇒ −
−2θ = = −2 tan −1 ( 2π fRC ) ⇒ 2π fRC =
1
2
1 1
⇒ f = ⇒ f = Hz
2π RC (
2 × 3.14 × 100 ×103 Ω 10 ×10 −12 F )( )
10 6 1000
=
⇒ f = Hz = kHz 159.2 kHz
2 × 3.14 2 × 3.14
Q56. The magnetic fields in tesla in the two regions separated by the z = 0 plane are given by
 
B=1 3 xˆ + 5 zˆ and B2 =xˆ + 3 yˆ + 5 zˆ . The magnitude of the surface current density at the

interface between the two regions is α ×10 6 A / m . Given the permeability of the free
space µ=
0 4π ×10 −7 N / A2 , the value of α is ________. (Round off 2 decimal places)

Ans. 56: 2.86

Solution:
           
B1 = 3 xˆ and B 2= xˆ + 3 yˆ . Thus B1 − B 2 = 2 xˆ − 3 yˆ ⇒ B1 − B 2 = 4+9 = 13

    13 3.6
 B1 − B 2 =µ0 K ⇒ µ0 K =
13 ⇒ K = = = 2.86 ×106 ⇒α =
2.86
µ0 4π ×10 −7

Q57. A body at a temperature T is brought into contact with a reservoir at temperature 2T .

Thermal equilibrium is established at constant pressure. The heat capacity of the body at
constant pressure is C P . The total change in entropy of the body and the reservoir in units

of C p is _________. (Round off 2 decimal places)

Ans. : 0.19 to 0.20

2T
dT
Solution: =
∆S B ∫ C=
T
T
P CP ln 2 Body heat absorbed positive

2T
1 C PT C P
=
∆S R ∫
=
2T T
CP dT
2T
=
2
Reservoir liberated negative

∆S CP [ 0.693=
= − 0.5] CP 0.193

Revised Edition-2022 25
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 IIT-JAM - 2020 Physics by fiziks
[SOLUTION]

Q58. One mole of an ideal monoatomic gas at pressure P , volume V and temperature T is
expanded isothermally to volume 4V . Thereafter, the gas is heated isochorically (at
constant volume) till its pressure becomes P . If R is the universal gas constant, the total
heat transfer in the process, in units of RT is ________. (Round off 2 decimal places)
Ans. : 5.88 to 5.94
V
=
Solution: =
dQ1 RT ln 2 RT ln 4 dU = 0 (isothermally),
V1
CV = 1.5 R (Monoatomic Gas)
9
= CV ( 4T − T
dQ2 = CV dT = ) 3CV T = RT = 4.5 RT
2
Total dQ = RT ( 2 ln 2 + 4.5 ) =
5.886
Q59. In the transistor circuit given in the figure, the emitter-base 20V
junction has a voltage drop of 0.7V ⋅ A collector-emitter
voltage of 14V reverse biases the collector. Assuming the
collector current to be the same as the emitter current, the value RB IB 2k Ω IC
of RB is _________ kΩ .
Ans. 59: 865 β = 100
Solution:
VBE = 0.7 V , VCE = 14 V and I E ≈ I C
1kΩ IE
VCC − I C ( RC + RE )
VCE =
VCC − VCE 20 V − 14 V
⇒ I C= = = 2 mA ≈ I E
RC + RE 2 kΩ + 1kΩ
Apply KVL in input section
IC 2 mA
−VCC + RB + VBE + I E RE =
0 ⇒ −20 V + × RB + 0.7 V + 2 mA ×1k Ω =0
β 100
2 mA
⇒ × RB =
17.3V ⇒ RB = 865 k Ω
100
40
K
Q60. The radioactive nuclei 40
K decay to 40
Ar with a half-life of 1.25 ×109 years. The 40
Ar
isotopic ratio for a particular rock is found to be 50 . The age of the rock is m ×10 7 years.
The value of m is _________. (Round off to 2 decimal places)
Ans. : 3.57
K 40 N0 e − λt 51
=
Solution: = − λt
50 ⇒ eλt = ln (1.02 )
= 1.02 ⇒ λ t =
A 40
N0 − N0 e 50
1.25 × 109
⇒t = ln (1.02 ) ⇒ =
t 3.57 × 107 years
0.693

26 Revised Edition-2022
H.No. 40-D, G.F., Jia Sarai, Near IIT, Hauz Khas, New Delhi-16
Phone: 011-26865455/+91-9871145498, Website: www.physicsbyfiziks.com, Email: [email protected]