KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGTHAN VARANASI REGION

PRE-BOARD-I EXAMINATION (2024 –25)

CLASS- XII Maximum marks- 70
SUBJECT- PHYSICS Maximum time- 3 Hours

GeneralInstructions:
1) There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
3) All the sections are compulsory.
4) Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1
mark each,
Section B contains five questions of two marks each,
Section C contains seven questions of three marks each,
Section D contains two case study-based questions of four marks each and
Section E contains three long answer questions of five marks each.
5) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question in
Section B, one question in Section C, one question in each CBQ in Section D and all three
questions in Section E.
6) Use of calculators is not allowed.
7) You may use the following values of physical constants where ever necessary:

c = 3 x 108 m/s h = 6.63 x 10-34Js

e = 1.6 x 10-19 C µ0 = 4π x 10-7 TmA-1
ɛ0 = 8.854 x 10-12 C2N-1m-2 Me = 9.1 x 10-31 kg
Mp = 1.673x 10-27 kg Mn = 1.675 x 10-27 kg
Q.No Questions Marks
Section A
1. Force between charges A and B is F. If 75% charge of A is transferred to B then 1
force between A and B is :

(a) F (b) F (c) 4F (d) None of these

4
2. On applying an electric field of 5 × 10−8 Vm−1 across a conductor, the current 1
density through it is 2.5 Am–2 The resistivity of the conductor is:
(a) 1 × 10−8 Ω m (b) 2 × 10−8 Ω m
(c) 0.5 × 10−8 Ω m (d) 12.5 × 10−8 Ω m
3. Which of the following is not the property of an equipotential surface? 1
(a)They do not cross each other.
(b)The work done in carrying a charge from one point to another on an
equipotential surface is zero.
(c)For a uniform electric field, they are concentric spheres.
d) They can be imaginary spheres.
4. Beams of electrons and protons move parallel to each other in the same direction, 1
They:
(a)Attract each other
(b)Repel each other
(c)Neither attract nor repel
(d)Force of attraction or repulsion depends upon speed of beams.
5. In the given circuit the reading of voltmeter V1and V2 are 300 volts each. The 1
reading of the voltmeter V3 and ammeter A are respectively:

(a) 220 V, 2.2 A (b) 150 V, 2.2 A (c) 100 V, 2.0 A (d) 220 V, 2.0 A
6. Amplitude of electric field in EM wave is give as E0 = 300 V/m. Amplitude of 1
magnetic field will be :
(a) 10–8 T (b) 10–6 T (c) 10–10 T (d) 10–7 T
7. The light sources used in Young’s double slit experiment are: 1
(a) Monochromatic (b) Coherent (c) White light (d) Incoherent.
A converging lens is used to form an image on a screen. When the upper half of the 1
8 lens is covered by an opaque screen:
(a) half the image will disappear.
(b) incomplete image will be formed.
(c) intensity of image will decrease but complete image is formed.
(d) intensity of image will decrease and smaller image is formed..
9. A point object is placed at centre of a glass sphere of radius 6 cm and refractive 1
index 1.5. The distance of virtual image from surface of sphere is :
(a) 2 cm (b) 4 cm (c) 6 cm (d) 12 cm
10. When a ray of light enters a glass slab from air: 1
a) its wavelength decreases
b) neither wavelength nor frequency changes
c) its wavelength increases
d) its frequency increases
11. The work function of a metal is 4.14 eV. The threshold wavelength for this 1
metal surface is:
(a) 4125 A0 (b) 2062.5 A0 (c)3000 A0 (d) 6000 A0
12. When a forward bias is applied to a p-n junction, it: 1
(a) raises the potential barrier.
(b) Reduces the majority carrier current to zero.
(c) lowers the potential barrier
(d) None of the above.
 For Questions 13 to16, two statements are given–one labeled Assertion (A) and
other labeled Reason(R).
Select the correct answer to these questions from the options a given below.
a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correct explanation of
Assertion.
b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct
explanation of Assertion.
c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
d) If both Assertion and Reason are false.
13. A: The mutual induction between the two coils infinitely apart is zero. 1
R: If the mutual induction between the two coils is zero, it means that their
self- inductances are also zero.
14. Assertion(A): The trajectory traced by an incident particle depends on the Impact 1
Parameter of collision.
Reason(R): The Impact Parameter is the perpendicular distance of the initial
velocity vector of the incident particle from the centre of the target
nucleus.
15. Assertion (A) – Nuclei having mass number about 60 are least stable. 1
Reason( R) – When two or more light nuclei are combined then binding energy per
nucleon will decrease.
16. Assertion (A) – Photo electric current depends on the intensity of incident light. 1
Reason(R)–Number of photo electrons emitted per second is directly proportional
to the intensity of incident radiation.
Section-B
17. An electric dipole having a dipole moment of 4 × 10 - 9 C m is placed in a uniform 2
electric field such that the dipole is in stable equilibrium. If the magnitude of the
electric field is3 × 10 3 N/C, what is the work done in rotating the dipole from a
position of stable equilibrium to a position of unstable equilibrium?
18. Draw a sketch of an electromagnetic wave propagating along the z-direction.Write 2
the expressions for electric and magnetic fields varying sinusoidally along X and Y
axes respectively.
OR
Name the constituent radiation of electromagnetic spectrum which
(a) Is used in satellite communication.
(b) Is used for studying crystal structure.
(c) Is similar to the radiations emitted during decay of radioactive nuclei?
(d) Has a wavelength range between 390 nm and 770 nm.
19. A solenoid with 500 turns and a cross-sectional area of 0.01 m2 is placed in a
changing magnetic field. The magnetic flux through the solenoid increases from 2
0.02 Wb to 0.06 Wb in 0.1 s. What is the average induced EMF in the solenoid?
20. Define threshold frequency. Two metals A and B have work functions 4 eV and 2
10 eV, respectively. Which metal has higher threshold wavelength justify your
answer?
21. Draw the graph between: 2
(i)Plate voltage and photocurrent when intensity of radiation is varying for constant
 frequency.
(ii) Stopping potential and frequency of radiation.
SectionC
22. State Kirchhoff’s rules. Find the value of R in the Wheatstone’s bridge shown in 3
figure if there is no deflection in the galvanometer.

23. Define drift speed of electron. Prove that the current density of a metallic 3
conductor is directly proportional to the drift speed of electrons.
24. A series ��� circuit is connected to an a.c. source having voltage � = Vo.Sin ωt. 3
Using phasor diagram, derive expressions for impedance, instantaneous current and
its phase relationship to the applied voltage. Also draw graphs of � and � versus ��
for the circuit.
25. Draw a neat ray diagram of refraction of light through equilateral prism and find 3
the expression for refractive index of material of prism. Draw the graph showing the
variation of angle of deviation with angle of incidence.
26. A compound microscope consists of an objective lens of focal length 2.0 cm and an 3
eyepiece of focal length 6.25 cm separated by a distance of 15 cm. How far from
the objective should an object be placed in order to obtain the final image at the
least distance of distinct vision (25 cm) Calculate the magnifying power of the
microscope?
(OR)
(i) A concave lens made of material of refractive index ‘n2’is held in a reference
medium of refractive index ‘n1’. Trace the path of parallel beam of light
passing through the lens when:
(a) n1 = n2 (b) n1 < n2 (c) n1 > n2.
(ii) Find the focal length of a combination of a convex lens of focal length 30 cm
and a concave lens of focal length 20 cm in contact?

27 Draw the circuit diagram of full wave rectifier, state its principle and draw the 3
input and output waveforms.
28 (i) Define potential barrier in PN-Junction diode. 3
(ii) In the following diagram, which bulb out of B1 and B2 will glow and which
will not glow? Justify your answer in each case.
 Section–D
Case Study Based Questions
29 MOVING COIL GALVANOMETER 4
Moving coil galvanometer is an electromagnetic device that can measure small
values of current. It is also known as Weston galvanometer. It works on the
principle that when a current loop is placed in an external magnetic field, it
experiences torque, and the value of torque can be changed by changing the current
in the loop.
A moving coil galvanometer consists of permanent horse-shoe magnets, coil, soft
iron core, pivoted spring, non-metallic frame, scale and pointer. We know that a
current loop having N number of turns, and the cross sectional area A, carrying
current i, when placed in and along the direction of external magnetic field B,
experiences a torque given by NiAB.

(i) In a moving coil galvanometer the deflection (Φ) on the scale by a pointer
attached to the spring is:

(ii) A moving coil galvanometer can be converted into an ammeter by:

(a) Introducing a resistance of large value in series.
(b) Introducing a shunt resistance of small value in parallel.
(c) Introducing a resistance of small value in series.
(d) Introducing a resistance of large value in parallel.
(iii) A galvanometer shows full deflection current for 5 mA. If the resistance of
galvanometer is 50 Ω then the resistance required to convert it into voltmeter
of range 5 V is:
 (a) 1050 Ω (b) 1000 Ω (c) 900 Ω (d) 950 Ω

(iv) Current sensitivity of Moving coil galvanometer doesn’t depends on

a) Resistance of coil b) number of turns in the coil
c) restoring torque per unit twist d) Magnetic field
OR
What is the shape of a magnet in moving coil galvanometer to make the radial
magnetic field?
(a) Convex cylindrical magnet (b) Horse-shoe magnet
(c) Concave cylindrical magnet (d) None
30 HAYDROGEN SPECTRUM 4
The emission spectrum of a chemical element or chemical compound is the
spectrum of frequencies of electromagnetic radiation emitted by an atom’s electrons
when they are returned to a lower energy state. Each element’s emission spectrum is
unique, and therefore spectroscopy can be used to identify elements present in
matter of unknown composition. Similarly, the emission spectra of molecules can
be used in chemical analysis of substances. The emission spectrum of atomic
hydrogen is divided into a number of spectral series, with wavelengths given by the
Rydberg formula.

(i) The value of maximum wavelength emitted in Lyman series is

(a) 1/R (b) 4/3R (c) 4/R (d) 3/4R
(ii) The wave numbers decreases from
(a) Lyman to Pfund series (b) Pfund series to Lyman series
(c) Brackett series to Balmer series (d) None of these
(iii) When an electron jumps in n=1 orbit, the series of spectral lines obtained is
called:
(a) Balmer Series (b) Pfund Series
(c) Brackett Series (d) Lyman Series

(iv) Which of the series lies in U.V region of electromagnetic spectrum?

(a) Lyman (b) Balmer (c) Paschen (d) Brackett

OR

Which of the series lies in Visible region of electromagnetic spectrum?

 (a) Lyman (b) Balmer (c) Paschen (d) Brackett

Section-E
31 (i) Using Gauss Law, derive an expression for the Electric Field Intensity at any 5
point outside a uniformly charged spherical shell of radius R and carrying
charge q, with the help of suitable diagram.
(ii) A uniformly charged spherical shell of 2.5 m radius has a surface charge
density of 100µC/m2. Calculate the Charge on the sphere and Total electric
flux passing through thesphere.
OR
(i) An electric dipole of dipole moment p consists of point charges + q and – q
separated by a distance 2a apart. Deduce the expression for the electric field E
due to the dipole at a distance x from the centre of the dipole on its axial line
in terms of the dipole moment p. What is the electric field at midpoint of
dipole?
(ii) A sphere S1 of radius r1 encloses a net charge Q. If there is another concentric
sphere S2 of radius r2 (r2> r,) enclosing charge 2Q, find the ratio of the electric
flux through S1 and S2. How will the electric flux through sphere S1 change if
a medium of dielectric constant K is introduced in the space in between S1 and
S2 in place of air?

(i) State Ampere’s circuital law and using it find magnetic field due to straight 5
32 infinite current carrying wire.
(ii) Draw a graph between magnetic field and perpendicular distance of
observation point from the wire
(iii) A long straight wire in the horizontal plane carries a current of 15A in north
to south direction. Find the magnitude and direction of magnetic field at a
point 2.5m east of the wire.
OR
(i) Derive the expression of force between two infinitely long parallel current
carrying conductors, hence define one ampere of current.
(ii) A square loop of side 20 cm carrying current of 1A is kept near an infinite
long straight wire carrying a current of 2A in the same plane as shown in the
figure. Calculate the magnitude and direction of the net force exerted on the
loop due to the current carrying conductor.
33 (i) Using Huygens wave theory of light, derive Snell’s law of refraction. What is
the shape of the wave front in each of the following cases: 5
a.Light emerging out of a convex lens when a point source is placed at its
focus.
b.The portion of the wave front of light from a distant star intercepted by
the Earth
(ii) A light ray entering a right-angled prism undergoes refraction at the face AC
as shown in Fig.
What is the refractive index of the material of the prism in fig.

OR
(i) Draw a labelled diagram of image formation by a compound microscope and
write the expression for magnification produced by compound microscope
(ii) In Young’s double-slit experiment using monochromatic light of wavelength
λ, the intensity of light at a point on the screen where path difference is λ,
is K units. What is the intensity of light at a point where path difference
is λ/3?
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN, TINSUKIA REGION
PRE BOARD EXAM (2024– 2025)
SUBJECT: PHYSICS (042)
CLASS: XII MAX- MARKS:70
TIME: 3 HOURS
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS

(1) There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and
Section E.
(3) All the sections are compulsory.
(4) Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based
of 1 mark each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains
seven questions of three marks each, Section D contains two case study based questions of
four marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of five marks each.
(5) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question
in Section B, one question in Section C, one question in each CBQ in Section D and all three
questions in Section E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
(6) Use of calculators is not allowed.
(7) You may use the following values of physical constants wherever necessary
c = 3 x 108 m/s
me = 9.1 x10-31 kg
e = 1.6 x 10-19 C
µ0 = 4π x 10-7 Tm𝑨−𝟏
h = 6.63 x10-34Js
ε0 = 8.854 x10-12𝑪𝟐𝑵−𝟏𝒎−𝟐
Avogadro’s number = 6.023 X 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑per gram mole

Q. QUESTION Marks
No.

SECTION A
1 A point P lies at distance x from the midpoint of an electric dipole on its axis. The 1
electric potential at point P is proportional to

(a) (b) (c) (d)

2 Four charges +8Q, -3Q, +5Q and -10Q are kept inside a closed surface. What will be 1
the out going electric flux through the surface.
(a) 26 V-m (b) 0 V-m (c) 10 V-m (d) 8 V-m

3 A cell having an emf E and internal resistance r is connected across a variable external 1
resistance R. As the resistance R is increased, the plot of potential difference V across
R is given by
4 A ong straight wire of circu ar cross section of radius a᾿ carries a steady current I. The 1
current is uniformly distributed across its cross section. The ratio of magnitudes of the
magnetic field at a point a/2 above the surface of wire to that of a point a/2 below its
surface is

(a) 4:1 (b) 1:1 (c) 4: 3 (d) 3 :4

5 A conducting square loop of side 'L' and resistance 'R' moves in its plane with the 1
uniform velocity 'v' perpendicular to one of its sides. A magnetic induction 'B' constant
in time and space pointing perpendicular and into the plane of the loop exists
everywhere as shown in the figure. The current induced in the loop is
(a) BLv/R Clockwise
(b) BLv/R Anticlockwise
(c) 2BLv/R Anticlockwise
(d) Zero

6 An astronomical refractive telescope has an objective of focal length 20 m and an 1

eyepiece of focal length 2 cm. Then
(a) the magnification is 1000 (b) the length of the telescope tube is 20.02 m
(c) the image formed is inverted (d) all of these
7 1
Correct match of column I with column II is

E.M waves C-I Uses of E.M waves C-II

(1) Infra-red (P). sterilization, killing bacteria and germs
in food stuff, detection of invisible writing
(2)Microwaves (Q). night vision device, green house, revealing secret
writings on ancient walls
(3) X-rays (R). Radar, analysis of fine details of atomic and
molecular structures
(4) U.V rays (S). locating cracks and flaws in finished metallic objects,
detection of smuggled goods in bags of a person, study of
crystal structure, etc.
 (a) 1-P, 2-R, 3-S, 4-Q (b) 1-S, 2-P, 3-O, 4-R
(c) 1-Q, 2-R, 3-S, 4-P (d) 1-S. 2-R, 3-P, 4-Q
8 De- Broglie wavelength associated with an electron associated through a potential 1
difference V is λ .What wi be the new wave ength when the acce erating potentia is
increase to 4V?
(a) λ/2 (b) 2λ (c) 4 λ (d) λ/4
9 The distance of closest approach of an alpha particle is d when it moves with a speed V 1
towards a nucleus. Another alpha particle is projected with higher energy such that the
new distance of the closest approach is d/2. What is the speed of projection of the alpha
particle in this case?
(a) V /2 (b) √2 V (c) 2 V (d) 4 V
10 A plane wave passes through a convex lens. The geometrical shape of the wave front 1
that emerges is
(a) plane (b) diverging spherical
(c) converging spherical (d) None of these
11 The binding energy per nucleon of a nucleus is a measure of its 1
(a) Stability (b) Instability (c) Radioactivity (d) Mass defect
12 When p-n junction diode is forward biased then 1
(a) both the depletion region and barrier height are reduced
(b) the depletion region is widened and barrier height is reduced
(c) the depletion region is reduced and barrier height is increased
(d) Both the depletion region and barrier height are increased

For Questions 13 to 16, two statements are given –one labelled Assertion (A) and other
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the options as
given below.
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of
Assertion
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(d) If both Assertion and Reason are false.
13 Assertion (A): On increasing the current sensitivity of a galvanometer by increasing the 1
number of turns may not necessarily increase its voltage sensitivity.
Reason(R): The resistance of the coil of the galvanometer increases on increasing the
number of turns
14 Assertion (A) : Infrared radiation plays an important role in maintaining the average 1
temperature of earth.
Reason (R): Infrared radiations are sometimes referred to as heat waves
15 Assertion (A): If the objective and eye lenses of a microscope are interchanged, then it 1
can work as telescope.
Reason (R): The objective lens of telescope has small focal length.
16 Assertion(A) : In Lyman series, the ratio of minimum and maximum wavelength is 1
3/4.
Reason(R) : Lyman series constitute spectral lines corresponding to transition from
higher energy to ground state of hydrogen atom.
SECTION -B
17 How does the resistivity of conductor changes when (i) relaxation time of electron 2
increases (ii) electron density decreases ?. Draw the graph showing variation of
 resistivity with temperature for copper.
18 The figure shows the variation of intensity of magnetisation versus the applied 2
magnetic field intensity, H, for two magnetic materials A and B :

(a) Identify the materials A and B.

(b) Write two characteristic point of difference between this two magnetic material?
19 (i) A beam of light consisting of two wavelengths, 4000 Å and 6000 Å, is used to 2
obtain interference fringes in a Young’s doub e-slit experiment. What is the least
distance from the central maximum where the dark fringe is obtained?
OR
(ii) In Young’s doub e-s it experiment using monochromatic ight of wave ength λ,
the intensities of two sources are I. What is the intensity of light at a point where path
difference between wave fronts is λ/4?
20 Sketch the graph showing the variation of stopping potential with frequency of incident 2
radiation for two photosensitive metals A and B having threshold frequencies fA and
fB respectively (fA> fB)

(i)Which of the two metals, A and B has higher work function ?

(ii)What information do you get from the slope of the graphs ?

21 A nucleus with mass no. A = 240 and =7.6MeV breaks into two fragments each 2
of A =120 and = 8.5 MeV. Calculate the energy released.
SECTION-C
22 Find the expression for the capacitance of a para e p ate capacitor of p ate area ‘A’ 3
and p ate separation ‘ d ‘ when a die ectric s ab of thickness ‘ t’ (t < d) is introduced
between the plates of the capacitor.
Net capacitance of three identical capacitors in series is 1pF. What will be their
net capacitance when connected in parallel?
23 (a) State Gauss᾿s theorem in electrostatics. Write down its mathematical form. 3
(b) Using this theorem, derive an expression for the electric field due to an infinitely
long straight wire of inear charge density λ.
OR
(a) Define electric flux and write its SI unit.
(b) Use Gauss᾿s law to obtain the expression for the electric field due to a uniformly
charged infinite p ane sheet of charge density σ .
24 (a)Write down the expression for force per unit length between two long straight 3
parallel current carrying conductors. Using it define 1 ampere of current.
(b)A square loop of side 20 cm carrying current of 1A is kept near an infinite long
straight wire carrying a current of 2A in the same plane as shown in the figure.
 Calculate the magnitude and direction of the net force exerted on the loop due to the
current carrying conductor.

25 Can a convex lens diverges a beam of light falling on it? If so how? 3

Two lenses of power 10D and -5D are placed in contact.
(i) Calculate the power of the new lens
(ii) Where should an object be placed from the lens so as to obtain a virtual image
of magnification 2?
26 Draw the ray diagram for formation of image by a compound Microscope. 3
An astronomical telescope uses two lenses of power 10D and 1D for its construction.
(i) State with reason, which lens is preferred as objective and eyepiece.
(ii) Calculate the magnifying power of telescope so form.
27 Draw the energy band diagram for P-type semiconductor at (a) T=0K and (b) room 3
temperature.
A semiconductor has equal electron and hole concentrations of 6x108/m3. On doping
with a certain impurity, the electron concentration increases to 9x1012/m3.
(i) Identify the new semiconductor obtained after doping
(ii) Calculate the new hole concentrations.
28 With the help of level diagram, explain the working of a full wave rectifier. Also draw 3
its input and output wave form

SECTION-D
29 Case Study Based Question: Motion of Charge in Magnetic Field 4
Bubble Chamber: Trails of bubbles are produced by high-energy charged particles
moving through the superheated iquid hydrogen in this artist’s rendition of a bubb e
chamber. There is a strong magnetic field perpendicular to the page that causes the
curved paths of the particles. The radius of the path can be used to find the mass,
charge, and energy of the particle.

Magnetic forces can cause charged particles to

move in circular or spiral paths. Particle
 accelerators keep protons following circular paths with magnetic force. Cosmic rays
will follow spiral paths when encountering the magnetic field of astrophysical objects
or p anets (one examp e being Earth’s magnetic fie d). The bubb e chamber photograph
in the figure below shows charged particles moving in such curved paths. The curved
paths of charged particles in magnetic fields are the basis of a number of phenomena
and can even be used analytically, such as in a mass spectrometer shows the path traced
by particles in a bubble chamber.

(i) When a charged particle moves perpendicular to a uniform electric field, it follows-
(a) circular path (b) parabolic path (c) translational path (d) helical path

(ii) A charged particle moving with velocity v in X direction is subjected to a magnetic

field B in negative X direction. As a result, the charge will
(a) retard along X-axis (b) start moving in a circular path in YZ plane
(c) remains unaffected (d) move in a helical path around X-axis
(iii) ) An α- particle and proton having same momentum enter into a region of uniform
magnetic field and move in a circular path. The ratio of the radii of curvature of their
paths is
(a)1 (b)1/4 (c)1/2 (d)4
(iv) ) A neutron, a proton, an e ectron and an α- particle enter in a region of uniform
magnetic field with equal velocities. The magnetic field is perpendicular and directed
into the paper. The tracks of the particles are shown in figure. The electron will follow
the track

(a) A (b) B
(c) C (d) D
OR
If magnetic force experienced by the charged particle is perpendicular to the velocity
of the particle, then work done is-
(a) zero (b) maximum (c) minimum (d) none of these
30 Case Study Based Question: Photoelectric effect 4

In 1887, German physicist Heinrich Hertz noticed that shining a beam of ultraviolet
light onto a metal plate could cause it to shoot sparks. It is due to the emission of
negatively charged particles called electrons from the metal surface into the
surrounding space. Hallwachs and Lenard also observed that when ultraviolet light fell
on the emitter plate, no electrons were emitted at all when the frequency of the incident
light was smaller than a certain minimum frequency. Experimental study shows that
different metals required different minimum frequencies of light for the emission of
electron. When brightness of the incident light increases, more electrons were
produced, without increasing their energy, and increasing the frequency of 172 the light
produced electrons with higher energies, but without increasing the number produced.
This is known as the photoelectric effect, and it would be understood in 1905 by a
 young scientist named Albert Einstein.

(i) In photoelectric effect, the kinetic energy of emitted electrons from the metal
surface depends upon
(a) frequency of incident light (b) velocity of incident light
(c) intensity of light (d) angular momentum of emitted electron
.
(ii). When monochromatic radiation of intensity I falls on a metal surface, the number
of photoelectron and their maximum kinetic energy are n and K respectively. If the
intensity of radiation is 2I, the number of emitted photoelectron and their maximum
kinetic energy will be
(a) n and 2K (b) 2n and 2K (c) 2n and K (d) n and K
(iii) According to Einstein's picture of photoelectric equation, , the photo electric
emission does not takes place by
(a) continuous emission of energy from radiation
(b) continuous absorbtion of energy from radiation
(c) discrete absorption of energy from radiation
(d) discrete emission of energy from radiation

(iv) The minimum energy required to remove an electron from a substance is called its
(a) work function (b) kinetic energy
(c) stopping potential (d) potential energy
OR

Which of the following property does not support wave theory of light?
(a) Light waves get polarised
(b) Light obeys Laws of refraction and reflection
(c) Light shows phenomenon of diffraction
(d) Light shows photoelectric effect.

SECTION E
31 (a) State Kirchoff’s aw for network of conductor. Using it deduce the Wheatstone’s 5
Bridge balance condition.

(b) Use Kirchhoff’s ru es to determine the va ue of the current I1 flowing in the

circuit shown in the figure.

OR

(a) What is drift velocity? Derive expression for drift velocity of electrons in a good
 conductor in terms of relaxation time of electrons?

(b) Potential difference V is applied across the ends of copper wire of length l and
diameter D. What is the effect on drift velocity of electrons if (i) V is doubled (ii) l is
doubled?

(c) At room temperature 27.0∘C the resistance of a heating element is 100Ω. What is
the temperature of the element if the resistance is found to be 117Ω, given that the
temperature coefficient of the material of the resistor is 1.70×10−4∘C−1 ?

32 (a) With the help of a diagram, explain the principle of a device which changes a 5
low ac voltage into a high voltage . Deduce the expression for the ratio of
secondary voltage to the primary voltage in terms of the ratio of the number of
turns of primary and secondary winding. For an ideal transformer, obtain the
ratio of primary and secondary currents in terms of the ratio of the voltages in
the secondary and primary coils.
(b) Write any two sources of the energy losses which occur in actual transformers.
(c) A step-up transformer converts a low input voltage into a high output voltage.
Does it violate law of conservation of energy? Explain.
OR
(a) In an AC circuit containing a prime inductor, show that the voltage is ahead of
current by π/2 in phase.
(b) Draw the phasor diagram for the circuit.
(c) Why does an inductor blocks a.c and easily bypass d.c?
33 (a) Deduce the lens maker’s formula 5
(b) How will the focal length of a convex lens change when (i) when the lens is
immersed in water (ii) When red light which is incident on it is replaced by blue light ?
(c) Use the mirror equation to show that a convex mirror always produces a virtual
image independent of the location of the object.
OR
(a) Draw a ray diagram to show refraction of a ray of monochromatic light passing
through a glass prism..Deduce the expression for the refractive index of glass in
terms of angle of prism and angle of minimum deviation.

(b) Two monochromatic rays of light are incident normally on the face AB of an
isosceles right angled prism ABC. The refractive indices of the glass prism for the two
rays ‘1’ and ‘2’ are respective y 1.35 and 1.45. Trace the path of these rays entering
through the prism.
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN, RAIPUR REGION
FIRST PRE-BOARD EXAM (2024-25)
CLASS-XII SUBJECT – PHYSICS (042)
M M : 70 Time : 3 hrs

GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS:-

(1) There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D
and Section E.
(3) All the sections are compulsory.
(4) Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning
based of 1 mark each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section
C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D contains two case study
based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer
questions of five marks each.
(5) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one
question in Section B, one question in Section C, one question in each CBQ in
Section D and all three questions in Section E. You have to attempt only one of the
choices in such questions.
(6) Use of calculators is not allowed.
(7) You may use the following values of physical constants where ever necessary
i. c = 3 x 108 m/s
ii. me = 9.1 x10-31 kg
iii. e = 1.6 x 10-19 C
iv. μ0 = 4π x 10-7 Tm𝑨−𝟏
v. h = 6.63 x10-34 Js
vi. ε0 = 8.854 x10-12 𝑪𝟐𝑵−𝟏𝒎−𝟐
vii. Avogadro’s number = 6.023 X 𝟏𝟎 23 per gram mole

SECTION-A (16x1=16 marks)

Q.1 In a circuit the phase difference between the alternating current and the source voltage is 1
𝜋/2. Which of the following cannot be the element (s) of the circuit?
(a) only C
(b) only L (c) L and R (d) L or C

Q.2. The current in a device varies with time t as I = 6t ,where I is in mA and t is in s. The 1
amount of charge that passes through the device during t = 0 s to t = 3 s is
(a) 10 mC (b) 18 mC (c) 27 mC (d) 54 mC

Q.3. The susceptibility of a magnetic material is −4.2 × 10-6. The material is: 1
(a) ferromagnetic (b) paramagnetic (c) diamagnetic (d) none of the these
Q.4. Two wires carrying currents I1 and I2 lie, one 1
slightly above the other, in a horizontal plane as
shown in figure.
The region of vertically upward strongest
magnetic field is
(a) I
(b) II
(c) III
(d) IV

Q.5. A welder wears special glasses to protect his eyes mostly from the harmful effect of: 1
(a) very intense visible light (b) infrared radiation
(c) ultraviolet rays (d) microwaves

Q.6. A variable capacitor is connected to a 200 V battery. If its capacitance is changed from 1
2 μF to X μF, then decrease in energy of the capacitor is 2 x 10-2 J. The value of X is –

(a) 1 μF (b) 2 μF (c) 3 μF (d) 4 μF

Q.7. Which of the following is/are true for electromagnetic waves? 1

I.They transport energy.

II. They have momentum.
III. They travel at different speeds in air depending on their frequency.
(a) I and III (b) II only (c) I, II and III (d) I and II

Q.8. Consider the fusion reaction: 4He + 4He → 8Be +Q For the reaction, Atomic mass of 8Be is 1
8.0053 u and that of 4He is 4.0026 u. & 1u= 931 MeV/c2 then Q-value will be
(a) −9.31MeV (b) −93.1MeV (c) −9.31keV (d) −93.1keV

Q.9. Three charges 𝑞, −𝑞 and 𝑞0 are placed as shown in figure. 1

The magnitude of the net force on the charge 𝑞0 at point 𝑂
is 𝑘 =1/4πεO

(a) 0
(b) ) 2𝑘𝑞𝑞0/𝑎2
(c) √2𝑘𝑞𝑞0/𝑎2
(d) 𝑘𝑞𝑞0/√2𝑎2
Q.10 Two nuclei have their mass numbers in the ratio of 1 : 27. What is the ratio of their nuclear 1
densities?
(a) 1 : 27 (b) 1: 1 (c) 3: 1 (d) 1: 3
Q.11 Three rays (1,2,3) of different colours fall normally on 1
one of the sides of an isosceles right angled prism as
shown. The refractive index of prism for these rays is
1.39,1.47 and 1,52 respectively. In which of these rays get
internally reflected from surface AC
(a) 1 & 2 (b) 1 & 3 (c) 2 & 3 (d) only 1

Q.12. When similar ideal diodes D1 and D2 are connected as shown figure. The currents through 1
the resistance R of the circuits (i) and (ii), will be

(a) 10A & 0.1 A (b) 0.1 A & zero (c) 0.1 A , 0.1A (d) 10 A ,10 A

For Questions 13 to 16, two statements are given –one labelled Assertion (A) and other
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the options as
given below.
a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is correct explanation of Assertion.
b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion.
c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
d) If both Assertion and Reason are false.

Q.13 Assertion (A): 𝐴 negative charge in an electric field moves along the direction of the 1
electric field.
Reason (R): On a negative charge a force acts in the direction of the electric field.

Q.14. Assertion (A) : In Young’s double slit experiment all fringes are of equal width. 1
Reason (R) : The fringe width depends upon wavelength of light (λ) used, distance of
screen from plane of slits (D) and slit separation (d).

Q.15. Assertion (A): The positively charged nucleus of an atom has a radius of almost 10−15m. 1
Reason (R): In a-particle scattering experiment, the distance of closest approach for a-
particles is ≃ 10−15m.

Q.16. Assertion (A) : Silicon is preferred over Germanium for making 1

semiconductor devices.
Reason (R) : The energy gap for Germanium is more than the energy gap for Silicon.

SECTION-B (5x2=10 marks)

Q.17. Write Maxwell's generalization of Ampere's Circuital law. Show that in the process of 2
charging a capacitor, the current produced within the plates of the capacitor is
𝑖 = 𝜀0 𝑑𝜙𝐸/dt where 𝜙𝐸 is the electric flux produced during charging of the capacitor plates.

Q.18. Two electric bulbs P and Q have their resistances in the ratio of 1:2. They are connected in 2
series across a battery. Find the ratio of the power dissipation in there bulbs.
 OR
An ammeter, together with an unknown resistance in series is connected across two
identical batteries, each of emf 1.5 V, connected (i) in series, and (ii) in parallel. If the
current recorded in the both cases be 1A calculate the internal resistance of battery.

Q.19. Two charged spherical conductors of radii R1 and R2 when connected by conducting wire 2
acquire charges q1 and q2 respectively. Find the ratio of their charge densities in terms of
their radii

Q.20. A device „X‟ is connected to an ac 2

source V = V0 sin ωt. The
variation of voltage, current and power in
one cycle is shown in the following graph

(a) Identify the device “X‟.

(b) Which of the curves A, B and C
represent the voltage, current and the
power consumed in the circuit?

Q.21. Draw the circuit diagram for studying the V-I characteristics of a p-n junction diode in (i) 2
forward bias and (ii) reverse bias. Draw the typical V-I characteristics of a silicon diode in
both the cases.
SECTION-C (7x3=21 marks)
Q.22. A point object ' 𝑂 ' is kept in a medium of 3
refractive index 𝑛1 in front of a convex
spherical surface of radius of curvature 𝑅
which separates the second medium of
refractive index 𝑛2 from the first one as shown
in the figure. Draw the ray diagram showing
the image formation and deduce the
relationship between the object distance and
the image distance in terms of 𝑛1, 𝑛2 and 𝑅.

Q.23. Two large charged plane sheets of charge densities + σ and - σ C/m2 are arranged 3
vertically with a separation of distance ‘d’ between them. Deduce expressions for the
electric field at point (i) to the left of the first sheet , (ii) to the right side ot the second sheet
and (iii) between the sheets.

OR
In the figure given below, find the
(a) Equivalent capacitance of the network
between points A and B.
Given : C1 = C5 = 4 μF, C2 = C3 = C4 = 2 μF.
(b) maximum charge supplied by the battery,
and
(c) total energy stored in the network.
Q.24 (a) Sketch the graphs showing variations of stopping potential with frequency of incident 3
radiation for two photosensitive materials A and B having threshold frequencies νA > νB.
 (b) In which case is the stopping potential more and why? Given that both plate A and B
has same incident frequency.
(c) Does the slope of the graph depend on the nature of the material used? Explain.
Q.25. (a) The figure shows the variation of 3
photoelectric current (I) versus applied
voltage (V) for two photosensitive
materials and for two different
intensities of the incident radiation.
Identify the pairs of curves that
correspond to different materials for the
same intensity of incident
radiation. Justify your answer in brief.
(b) What is the wavelength of a photon of energy 3.3 x 10 -19 J ?

Q.26. The figure shows energy level diagram of 3

hydrogen atom.
(i) Find out the transition which results in the
emission of a photon of wavelength 496 nm
(ii) Which transition corresponds to the
emission of radiation of maximum
wavelength ? Justify your answer.

Q.27. Draw a labelled circuit diagram of a junction diode as a full wave rectifier. Explain its 3
underlying working. Depict the input and output wave forms.

Q.28. a) Using Biot- Savart law, write the expression for the magnetic field ‘B’ due to an element 3
‘dl’ carrying a current ‘I’ at a distance ‘r’ from it in vector form
b) A circular coil of ‘N’ turns and diameter ‘d’ carries a current ‘I’. It is unwound and rewound
to make another coil of diameter ‘2d’, current ‘I’ remaining the same. Calculate the ratio of the
magnetic moments of the new coil and the original coil.

SECTION-D (2x4=8 marks)

Case Study Based Questions
Questions number 29 and 30 are case study based questions. Read the following
paragraphs and answer the questions that follow
Q.29 MOVING COIL GALVANOMETER: 4
The galvanometer is a device used to detect the
current flowing in a circuit or a small potential
difference applied to it. It consists of a coil with
many turns, free to rotate about a fixed axis, in a
uniform radial magnetic field formed by using
concave pole pieces of a magnet. When current flows
through the coil, torque act on it.
 (i) What is the principle of moving coil galvanometer?
(a) Torque acting on a current carrying coil placed in a uniform magnetic field.
(b) Torque acting on a current carrying coil placed in a non-uniform magnetic field.
(c) Potential difference developed in the current carrying coil.
(d) None of these.

(ii) If the field is radial, then the angle between magnetic moment of galvanometer coil
and the magnetic field will be

(a) 0° (b) 30° (c) 60° (d) 900

(iii) Why pole pieces are made concave in the moving coil galvanometer?
(a) to make the magnetic field radial. (b) to make the magnetic field uniform.
(c) to make the magnetic field non-uniform. (d) none of these.

(iv) What is the function of radial field in the moving coil galvanometer?
(a) to make the torque acting on the coil maximum. (b) to make the magnetic field strong.
(c) to make the current scale linear. (d) All the above.

OR
If the rectangular coil used in the moving coil galvanometer is made circular, then what
will be the effect on the maximum torque acting on the coil in magnetic field for the same
area of the coil?
(a) remains the same (b) becomes less in circular coil
(c) becomes greater in circular coil (d) depends on the orientation of the coil

Q.30 Optical fibres: Now-a-days optical fibres are extensively used for transmitting audio and 4
video signals through long distances. Optical fibres too make use of the phenomenon of
total internal reflection. Optical fibres are fabricated with high quality composite
glass/quartz fibres. Each fibre consists of a core and cladding. The refractive index of the
material of the core is higher than that of the cladding. When a signal in the form of light is
directed at one end of the fibre at a suitable angle, it undergoes repeated total internal
reflections along the length of the fibre and
finally comes out at the other end. Since light undergoes total internal reflection at each
stage, there is no appreciable loss in the intensity of the light signal. Optical fibres are
fabricated such that light reflected at one side of inner surface strikes the other at an angle
larger than the critical angle. Even if the fibre is bent, light can easily travel along its
length. Thus, an optical fibre can be used to act as an optical pipe.
 i) Which of the following statement is not true.
a) Optical fibres is based on the principle of total internal reflection.
b) The refractive index of the material of the core is less than that of the cladding.
c) an optical fibre can be used to act as an optical pipe.
d) there is no appreciable loss in the intensity of the light signal while propagating through
an optical fibre.

ii) What is the condition for total internal reflection to occur?

a) angle of incidence must be equal to the critical angle.
b) angle of incidence must be less than the critical angle.
c) angle of incidence must be greater than the critical angle.
d) None of the above.

iii) Which of the following is not an application of total internal reflection?

a) Mirage
b) Sparkling of diamond
c) Splitting of white light through a prism.
d) Totally reflecting prism.

(iv) condition for total internal reflection is .

a) light travel from rarer to denser & critical angle smaller than angle of incidence
b) light travel from rarer to denser & critical angle grater than angle of incidence
c) light travel from denser to rarer & critical angle smaller than angle of incidence
d) light travel from denser to rarer & critical angle greater than angle of incidence
OR
Optical fibres are used extensively to transmit
a) Optical Signal
b) current
c) Sound waves
d) None of the above

SECTION -E (3x5=15 marks)

Q.31 (i) State Kirchhoff’s rules. Use them to obtain 5
the condition of balance for a Wheatstone
bridge.
(ii) Use Kirchhoff’s rule to determine the
current flowing through the branches
MN, TO and SP in the circuit shown in the
figure.

OR
 (i) Derive the relation between the current density, electric field and the conductivity of a
conductor. Briefly explain with graph the variation of conductivity of a conductor with rise
in temperature.
(ii) Two conducting wires X and Y of same diameter but different materials are joined in
series across a battery. If the number density of electrons in X is twice that in Y. find the
ratio of drift velocities of electrons in the two wires.

Q.32. (i) Draw a labelled diagram of a step-down transformer. Name the principle of its working. 5
Eexpress the turn ratio in terms of voltages. Write one loss of transformer & how it
minimises.

(ii) How much current is drawn by the primary of a transformer connected to 220 V supply
when it delivers power to a 110 V- 550W refrigerator?
OR
(i) Define coefficient of self-induction. Obtain an expression for self-induction of a long
solenoid of length l, area of cross section A having N turns.
(ii) The magnetic flux linked with a coil (in Wb) is given by the equation:

ϕ = 5 t2 + 3 t + 16. Find The induced e.m.f. in the coil in the fourth second.

Q.33. (i) Draw a labelled ray diagram showing the image formation by a refracting telescope in 5
normal adjustment condition. Derive its magnifying power. Write two limitations of a
refracting telescope over reflecting telescope.
(ii) The magnifying power of an refracting telescope is 8 and the distance between the two
lenses is 54cm. Find the focal length of eye lens and objective lens.
OR
(a)Define wavefront. Use Huygens principle to verify the laws of refraction.
(b) A parallel beam of light of 500 nm falls on a narrow slit and the resulting diffraction
pattern is observed on a screen 1 m away. It is observed that the first minimum is at a
distance of 2.5 mm from the centre of the screen. Calculate the width of the slit.

………………………………………..
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN:: HYDERABAD REGION

PRE BOARD QUESTION PAPER-1: 2024-25

SUBJECT: PHYSICS SET 1 CLASS: XII

TIME: 3Hrs MAX MARKS: 70

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

General Instructions

(1) There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D
and Section E.

(3) All the sections are compulsory.

(4) Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning
based of 1 mark each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C
contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D contains two case study-
based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer
questions of five marks each.

(5) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one
question in Section B, one question in Section C, all three questions in Section D and
one question in each CBQ in Section E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in
such questions.

(6) Use of calculator is not allowed.

SECTION – A : Each question carries 1M

1 A steady current flows through a metallic wire whose area of cross-section (A)
increases continuously from one end of the wire to the other. The magnitude of drift
velocity (vd ) of the free electrons as a function of ‘A’ can be shown by

1
2 A straight wire is kept horizontally along east-west direction. If a steady current flows
in wire from east to west, the magnetic field at a point above the wire will point
towards:
a) East b) West
c) North d) South
3 The current in a coil of 15 mH increases uniformly from zero to 4 A in 0.004s. The emf
induced in the coil will be
a) 22.5 V b) 17.5 V
c)15.0 V d) 12.5 V
4 What is the ratio of the speed of infrared and ultraviolet rays in a vacuum?
a) 1:5 b) 2:1
c) 1:1 d) 0
5 An electromagnetic wave of frequency 3 MHz passes from vacuum into a medium with

dielectric constant k = 4 and μr = 1 Then

(a) both wavelength and frequency remain unchanged

(b) wavelength is doubled and frequency becomes half

(c) wavelength is halved and frequency remains unchanged

(d) wavelength is doubled and the frequency remains unchanged

6 Which of the following is a necessary condition for total internal reflection?
a) The angle of incidence in the denser medium must be greater than the critical angle
for the two media

b) The angle of incidence in the rarer medium must be greater than the critical angle
for the two media

c) The angle of incidence in the denser medium must be lesser than the critical angle
for the two media

d) The angle of reflection in the denser medium must be greater than the critical angle
for the two media

7 The fringe width in a Young’s double slit experiment is β. If the whole set-up is
immersed in a liquid of refractive index ‘µ’, then the new fringe width will be :
𝛽 𝛽
(a) β (b) β µ (c)µ d)µ2

8 When a metallic surface is illuminated with radiation of wavelength λ, the

2
 Stopping potential is V . If the same surface is illuminated with the radiation of

wavelength 2 λ then the stopping potential is V/4 . then find the threshold

wavelength of metallic surface

5
a) 3 λ b)2 𝜆 c)4λ d)5 λ

9 The slope of stopping potential versus frequency of incident light graph for a given

photo sensitive surface will be ( h = Planck’s constant)

(a) h (b) h/e (c) eh (d) e

10 An electron is released from rest in a region of uniform electric and magnetic fields
acting parallel to each other. The electron will:
(a) move in a straight line
(b) move in circle
(c) remain stationary
(d) move in a helical path
11
The power factor of LCR ac circuit at resonance is
(a) 0.5 (b)1 (c) √2 (d) zero

12 A metal ring is held horizontally and bar magnet is dropped through the ring with its
length along the axis of the ring. The acceleration of the falling magnet
(a) is equal to g
(b) is less than g
(c) is more than g
(d) depends on the diameter of ring and length of magnet
Assertion and Reasoning :
For questions 13–16, choose the correct option:
a) Both A and R are true, and R is the correct explanation of A.
b) Both A and R are true, but R is not the correct explanation of A.
c) A is true, but R is false.
d) A is false, but R is true.
13 Assertion: The total number of electric lines of force passing through a given area in a
normal direction is called electric flux.
Reason: Electric flux is a vector quantity.
14 Assertion: Gamma rays are used cancer therapy
Reason: Gamma rays are a type of high-energy radiation that can destroy or damage
cancer cells:

15 Assertion (A): A charge moving in magnetic field experiences a force.

Reason (R): Magnetic field is always associated with moving charge and the charge
will interacts with the external magnetic field.
3
16 Assertion(A): mutual inductance of two coaxial coils is proportional to the
length of the two coils
Reason( R ) : mutual inductance depend on angle between the axes of coils

SECTION – B : Each question carries 2M

17 (i) What is meant by Equi potential surface ?

(ii)what is the work done in moving a charge of + 1 nC in between two
points located on equi potential surface and are separated by a distance of
4 cm ?
(ii) Draw the Equi potential surface for an electric dipole
18
a) A very long straight wire carries a current I. At the instant when a charge
+Q at point P has velocity 𝑣⃗, as shown ,then find the direction of the
force on the charge ?

b) In order to pass 10% of the main current through a moving coil

galvanometer of 99 𝛺, the find the resistance of the required shunt ?

19 (a)State Huygens principle.

(b) Consider a plane wave front incident on a thin convex lens. Draw a
proper diagram to show how the incident wave front traverses through the
lens and after refraction focuses on the focal point of the lens, giving the
shape of the emergent wave front.
(OR)
How will the interference pattern in Young's double-slit experiment be
affected if,
(i) The screen is moved away from the plane of the slits.

(ii) The source slit is moved away from the plane of the slits.

20 (a)Two lines, A and B, in the plot given below show the variation of de-
Broglie wavelength, λ versus 1/√V, Where V is the accelerating potential

4
 difference, for two particles carrying the same charge. Which one of two
represents a particle of smaller mass ? Justify your answer

(b) Define stopping potential ? For a particular frequency of incident light ,

if intensity doubles, then will the stopping potential increases or
decreases or remains same ? Justify your answer
21 Define critical angle and derive the relation between critical angle and
refractive index

SECTION – C : Each question carries 3M

22 Five identical horizontal square metal plates each of area A are placed at a
distance d apart in air and connected to the terminals A and B as shown in
the figures (a) and (b). Find the effective capacitance between the two
terminals A and B in each figure

(OR)

(a)Derive the expression for potential at a point due to an electric dipole.

(b) A charge ‘q’ is moved from a point A above a dipole of dipole movement
‘p’ to a point B below the dipole in equatorial plane without acceleration.
Find the work done in the process.

5
23 (a)The figure shows the variation of intensity of magnetisation versus the
applied magnetic field intensity, H, for two magnetic materials A and B :

Identify the materials A and B.

(b) A circular coil of N turns and diameter ‘d’ carries a current ‘I’. It is
unwound and rewound to make another coil of diameter ‘2d’, current I
remaining the same. Calculate the ratio of the magnetic moments of the
new coil and the original coil.
24 (a) explain the working of transformer with necessary theory and diagram

(b)A transformer is used to light a 100W and 110V lamp from 200V mains. If

the main current is 1 A , the find the efficiency of the transformer

25 (a)The power of a thin lens is +5D. When it is immersed in a liquid, it

behaves like a concave lens of focal length 100 cm. Calculate the refractive
index of the liquid. Given refractive index of glass = 1.5.

(b) The optical density of turpentine is higher than that of water while its
mass density is lower shows a layer of turpentine floating over water in a
container.

6
 For which one of the four rays incident on turpentine in the path shown is
correct? And Justify your answer.

26 a) A parallel beam of light of wavelength 500 nm falls on a narrow slit and

the resulting diffraction pattern is observed on a screen 1 m away. It is
observed that the first minimum is at a distance of 2.5 mm from the centre
of the screen. Find the width of the slit.

(b) write any two differences between fringe pattern in interference and
diffraction?

27 (a) The figure shows a plot of three curves a, b, c, showing the variation of
photocurrent vs collector plate potential for three different intensities I1,
I2 and I3 having frequencies v1, v2 and v3 respectively incident on a
photosensitive surface

Point out the two curves for which the incident radiations have same
frequency but different intensities. And substantiate your answer .

(b) A proton and an electron have same kinetic energy. Which one has
smaller de-Broglie wavelength and why?

28 (a)State Kirchhoff’s laws in electricity

(b) With a neat circuit diagram , Derive the expression for the balanced
condition of Wheatstone bridge

SECTION – D : Each question carries 4M

29 Rutherford’s Nuclear Model of Atom Rutherford in 1911, performed some

scattering experiments in which he bombarded thin foils of metals like gold,
silver, platinum or copper with a beam of fast moving α -particles. The thin
gold foil had a circular fluorescent zinc sulphide screen around it. Whenever
α-particles struck the screen, a tiny flash of light was produced at that point.

7
The important observations are: (i) Most of the α -particles passed through
the foil without undergoing any deflection, (ii) A few α -particles underwent
deflection through small angles. (iii) Very few mere deflected back i.e.,
through an angle of nearly 180°.

Conclusions: (i) Since most of the α -particles passed through the foil without
undergoing any deflection, there must be sufficient empty space within the
atom. (ii) A small fraction of α -particles was deflected by small angles. The
positive charge has to be concentrated in a very small volume that repelled
and deflected a few positively charged α -particles. This very small portion of
the atom was called nucleus. (iii) The volume of nucleus is very small as
compared to total volume of atom..

i) How did the actual results of the gold foil experiment differ from the
expected results?
a)There was no difference between the expected and actual results.
b) Rutherford expected particles to travel through the atoms, but instead,
they ricocheted and rebounded in unexpected directions.
c)The alpha particles caused the gold foil to undergo nuclear fusion instead o
fission.
d)None of these answers are correct.
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

ii) If an α-particle collides head-on with a nucleus, what is its impact

parameter?
a) Zero b) Infinite c) 10-10 m d) 1010 m

------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

iii) An α-particle of energy 5 MeV is scattered through 180o by a fixed uranium

nucleus. Calculate the order of distance of the closest approach?
a) 10-20cm
b) 10-12cm

8
 c) 10-11cm
d) 1012cm

---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

iv) Why was very thin gold foil used in an alpha scattering experiment?

a) To minimize effects of multiple scattering, i.e. scattering the alpha particle

on many atoms, because Rutherford wanted ultimately to measure the
deflection by a single atom.

b) Gold is a ductile material and it can be used to prepare thin sheets or foils

c) In case of thin foil , the value of impact parameter and distance of closest
approach will be maximum
d) If we use a thin foil , then alpha particle will easily penetrate through it and
It is easy to observe the scintillations when the alpha particle strikes the ZnS
Screen ( Fluorescent screen )

(OR)

Why gold was used to prepare the foil in Rutherford experiment shown
above?
a) It's the most malleable b) Gold is a conductor of electricity
c) Melting point of gold is low d) Gold is one of the densest metals

30
Whenever an electric current is passed through a conductor, it becomes hot
after some time. The phenomenon of the production of heat in a resistor by
the flow of an electric current through it is called heating effect of current or
Joule heating. Thus, the electrical energy supplied by the source of e .m. f is
converted into heat. In purely resistive circuit, the energy expended by the
source entirely appears as heat. But if the circuit has an active element like a
motor, then a part of energy supplied by the source goes to do useful work
and the rest appears as heat. Joule’s law of heating forms the basis of
various electrical appliances such as electric bulb, electric furnace, electric
press etc.

(i) Which of the following is correct statement?

(a) Heat produced in a conductor is independent of the current flowing.

(b) Heat produced in a conductor varies inversely as the current flowing.

(c) Heat produced in a conductor varies directly as the square of the current
flowing.

9
 (d) Heat produced in a conductor varies inversely as the square of the current
flowing

-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------

(ii) If the coil of a heater is cut to half, what would happen to heat produced?
(a) Doubled (b) Halved (c) Remains same (d) Becomes four times.
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iii) A 25 W and 100 W are joined in series and connected to the mains.
Which bulb will glow brighter?
(a) 25 W (b) 100 W
(c) Both bulbs will glow brighter (d) None will glow brighter
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
(iv) A rigid container with thermally insulated wall contains a coil of
resistance 100 Ω, carrying 1 A. Change in its internal energy after 5 min will be

(a) 0 kJ (b) 10 kJ
(c) 20 kJ (d) 30 kJ
(OR)
The heat emitted by a bulb of 100 W in 1 min is
(a) 36000 J (b) 1000 J (c) 600 J (d) 6000 J

SECTION – E : Each question carries 5M

31 (i)A dielectric slab of dielectric constant ‘K’ and thickness ‘t <d’ is inserted
between plates of a parallel plate capacitor of plate separation d and plate
area A. Obtain an expression for its capacitance.

(ii)Two capacitors of different capacitances are connected first (1) in series

and then (2) in parallel across a dc source of 100 V. If the total energy
stored in the combination in the two cases are 40 mJ and 250 mJ
respectively, find the capacitance of the capacitors.

(OR)

(i)Using Gauss’s law, show that the electric field 𝐸⃗⃗ at a point due to a
𝜎
uniformly charged infinite plane sheet, is given by 𝐸⃗⃗ = 2𝜖 𝑛^ where symbols
0
have their ususal meanings.
(ii)Electric field 𝐸⃗⃗ in a region is given by 𝐸⃗⃗ = (5x2 + 2) ^𝑖 where E is in N/C and
x is in metres. A cube of side 10 cm is placed in the region as shown in
figure.

10
 Calculate
(1) the electric flux through the cube, and
(2) the net charge enclosed by the cube.
32 (i)You are given three circuit elements X, Y and Z. They are connected one
by one across a given ac source. It is found that V and I are in phase for
𝜋 𝜋
element X. V leads I by ( 4 ) for element Y while I leads V by ( 4 ) for element Z.
Identify elements X, Y and Z.

(ii)Establish the expression for impedance of circuit when elements X, Y

and Z are connected in series to an ac source. Show the variation of current
in the circuit with the frequency of the applied ac source.

(iii) In a LCR-circuit, the potential difference between the terminals of the

inductance is 60 V, between terminals of the capacitor is 30 V and that
between the terminals of the resistance is 40 V. Then find the supply
voltage ?
(OR)
(i)Explain with the help of a labelled diagram, the principle and working of
an ac generator and obtain expression for the emf generated in the coil.

(ii) Draw a schematic diagram showing the nature of the alternating emf
generated by the rotating coil in the magnetic field during one cycle.

33 a)A ray is incident on a prism of material of refractive index 2 at point M

such that it grazes along NC after emerging from the prism, as shown in the
figure. then find (i) the critical angle for the prism. (ii) the angle of refraction
at face AB.

11
b) With the help of a ray diagram, show the formation of image of a point
object by refraction of light at a spherical surface separating two media of
refractive indices n1 and n2 (n2 > n1) respectively. Using this diagram, derive
the relation between n2, n1, the object distance u, image distance v and
radius of curvature R.
(OR)

(a)(i)Draw a labelled ray diagram of a compound microscope when image is

formed at least distance of distinct vision.

(ii)Define its magnifying power and deduce the expression for the
magnifying power of the microscope.
(iii)A compound microscope has a magnifying power of 100 when the image
is formed at infinity. The objective has a focal length of 0.5 cm and the tube
length is 6.5cm. Find the focal length of the eyepiece

12
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN CHENNAI REGION
CLASS – XII
PRE-BOARD -1 EXAMINATION 2024-25

PHYSICS
Maximum Marks: 70 Time Allowed: 3 hours

General Instructions
(1) There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.

(3) All the sections are compulsory.

(4) Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark
each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of
three marks each, Section D contains two case study-based questions of four marks each and
Section E contains three long answer questions of five marks each.
(5) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question in Section
B, one question in Section C, one question in each CBQ in Section D and all three questions in
Section E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
(6) Use of calculators is not allowed.

(7) You may use the following values of physical constants where ever necessary

i. c = 3 × 108 m/s

ii. me = 9.1 ×10-31 kg

iii. mp = 1.7 ×10-27 kg

iv. e = 1.6 × 10-19 C

v. µ0 = 4π × 10-7 T m A-1

vi. h = 6.63 ×10-34 J s

vii. ε0 = 8.854 ×10-12 C2N-1m-2

viii. Avogadro’s number = 6.023 × 1023 per gram mole

Page 1 of 9
 SECTION ‘A’
01. An electric dipole is at stable equilibrium in a uniform external electric field when the angle
between 𝑝⃗⃗⃗ 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝐸⃗ .

A) 900 B) 1800 C) 00 D) 2700

02. In an ac circuit at resonance the power factor is

A) 1 B) 0 C) 0.5 D) 1.414

03. Which one of the following instrument has least resistance?

A) Ammeter of range 0-1 amp
B) Voltmeter of range 0-1 volt
C) Ammeter of range 0-10 amp
D) Voltmeter of range 0-10 volt

04.

1
The Coulomb force versus 𝑟 2 graphs for two pair of charges (𝑞1 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑞2 ) and (𝑞2 𝑎𝑛𝑑 𝑞3 ) are
shown. The charge 𝑞2 is positive and has least magnitude then, magnitude of chares related
as:
A) 𝑞1 > 𝑞2 > 𝑞3 B) 𝑞1 > 𝑞3 > 𝑞2
C) 𝑞3 > 𝑞2 > 𝑞1 D) 𝑞3 > 𝑞1 > 𝑞2
05. The minimum distance between an object and its real image formed by a convex lens of focal
length ‘f’ is :
A) f B) 6f C) 2f D) 4f

06. When a plane wave front is refracted by a convex lens of focal length ‘f” , the refracted wave
front is a
A) Spherical wave front with radius f
C) Spherical wave front with radius f/2
B) Spherical wave front with radius 2f
D) Spherical wave front with radius 4f

Page 2 of 9
07. The ratio of nuclear radii of two nuclei of mass number 27 and 64 is
A) 9 B) 27 C) 3 D)
3
289 64 4 √
17

08. Which one of the following diodes is conducting

A) B)

C) D)

09. Approximate energy released in a complete fusion of uranium 235 is:

A) 200 MeV B) 400 MeV C) 200 KeV D) 100 MeV

10. Which of the following graphs represents the variation of momentum of a particle with the
de-Broglie wavelength associated with it

A) B)

C) D)

11. A convex lens of focal length 30cm is in contact with a concave lens of focal length 20cm?
Then this act as a
A) Converging lens of focal length 60 cm
B) Diverging lens of focal length 60 cm
C) Converging lens of focal length 12 cm
D) Diverging lens of focal length 12 cm
12. At the centre of the dipole
A) Electric field = 0 and potential = 0
B) Electric field≠ 0 and potential = 0
C) Electric field ≠ 0 and potential ≠ 0
D) Electric field = 0 and potential ≠ 0

Page 3 of 9
 Assertion and Reason type questions
For Questions 13 to 16, two statements are given –one labelled Assertion (A) and other
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the options as given
below.
A. If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of
Assertion.
B. If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion.
C. If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
D. If both Assertion and Reason are false.

13. Assertion (A) Magnetic field lines form closed loops.

Reason (R) Source of magnetism is electric current.
14. Assertion (A) Electric potential energy is negative
Reason (R) Work is done in the direction of the electric field
15. Assertion (A) Isotones have identical chemical behavior.
Reason (R) They have same electronic structure.
16. Assertion (A) Gamma rays have very high penetrative power.
Reason (R) The speed of gamma rays in free space is 3 × 108 𝑚/𝑠

SECTION ‘B’
17. A short bar magnet of magnetic moment m = 0.32 JT–1 is placed in a uniform magnetic field of
0.15 T. If the bar is free to rotate in the plane of the field, which orientation would correspond
to its (a) stable, and (b) unstable equilibrium? What is the potential energy of the magnet in
each case?
18. A charge of 6 μC is given to a hollow metallic sphere of radius 0.2 m. Find the potential at
(i) the surface and (ii) the centre of the sphere.
19. I The radius of the innermost electron orbit of a hydrogen atom is 5.3× 10–11 m. What is
the De-Broglie’s wavelength corresponds to the third level of the hydrogen atom?
[OR]
II a) Draw the energy level diagram of a hydrogen atom for levels 1 to 4.
b) Calculate the potential and kinetic energy of the electron in the ground state of a
hydrogen atom.
20. a) Draw the cross sectional view of varying electric field and magnetic field between the
plates of a parallel plate capacitor connected to an alternating source of emf.
b) State the generalised Ampere circuital law called as Ampere-Maxwell law.
21. In this V-I graph dashed line represents the
linear Ohm’s law. The solid line is the
voltage V versus current I for a good
conductor. This graphs shows Ohm’s law is
violated at high current region. Why?

Page 4 of 9
 SECTION ‘C’

22. Four identical cells, each of emf 2 V, are joined in parallel providing supply of current to
external circuit of resistance 7.5Ω The terminal voltage of the cells, as read by an ideal
voltmeter is 1.6 volt. Calculate the internal resistance of each cell by drawing a correct circuit
diagram of the arrangement.

23. a) Prove Snell’s law using Huygens principle.

b) A ray of monochromatic light propagating in air, is incident on the surface of water and
partially reflected and partially refracted. Which characteristic of the wave is same for both
reflected and refracted waves?

24. a) Draw the V-I characteristics of a p-n junction diode for forward and reverse biased
conditions.
b) What do you mean by cut-in voltage?
c) Why the reverse current is very small and saturated within the limit of breakdown voltage?

25. a) Draw the graph showing the binding energy per nucleon as a function of mass number.
16
b) If the mass defect of 8𝑂 is 0.13691u calculate it’s binding energy per nucleon in MeV.

26. I a) Derive an expression for self-inductance of a solenoid. Write the expression for
the self-inductance of the solenoid if it’s interior is a material of relative
permeability μr.
b) Why work has to be done to vary current in a solenoid?
[OR]
II a) You are given three circuit elements X, Y and Z. They are connected one by one
across a given ac source. It is found that V and I are in phase for element ‘X’, V
leads I by (π/2) for the element ‘Y’ while I leads V by (π/2) for the element. Identify
elements X, Y and Z.
b) Establish the expression for impedance of circuit when elements X, Y and Z are
connected in series with an ac source.

27. In the experimental set up for study of photoelectric effect, the cathode is coated with cesium
of threshold frequency 5.16×1014 Hz. Frequency of incident radiation on the cathode is 6.6×
1014 Hz and number photons incident per second is 5× 1015.
a) For this data draw the graph for the variation of photoelectric current with collector
plate potential.
b) If the threshold frequency of calcium is 7.7×1014 Hz, draw a graph showing Variation
of stopping potential V0 with frequency n of incident radiation for cesium and calcium.

28. With a circuit diagram explain the working of half wave rectifier and draw the input and output
waveforms.

Page 5 of 9
 SECTION ‘D’
Case Study Based Question
29. Aurora Boriolis
In Polar Regions like Alaska and Northern Canada, a splendid display of colours is seen
in the sky. The appearance of dancing green pink lights is fascinating, and equally puzzling.
This phenomenon is called Aurora Boriolis in physics. An explanation of this natural
phenomenon is now found in physics, in terms motion of charges in a magnetic field.
Consider a charged particle of mass m and charge q, entering a region of magnetic field
⃗ with an initial velocity 𝑣. When 𝑣 is inclined to 𝐵
𝐵 ⃗ the velocity have a component 𝑣𝑝 parallel
to the magnetic field and a component 𝑣𝑛 normal to it. There is no force on a charged particle
in the direction of the field. Hence the particle continues to travel with the velocity 𝑣𝑝 parallel
to the field. The normal component 𝑣𝑛 of the particle results in a Lorentz force (𝑣𝑛 × 𝐵 ⃗ ) which
is perpendicular to both 𝑣𝑛 and 𝐵 ⃗ . Hence the particle thus has a tendency to perform a circular
motion in a plane perpendicular to the magnetic field. When this is coupled with the velocity
parallel to the field, the resulting trajectory will be a helix along the magnetic field line. Even
if the field line bends, the helically moving particle is trapped and guided to move around the
field line. Since the Lorentz force is normal to the velocity of each point, the field does no work
on the particle and the magnitude of velocity remains the same.
⃗ , answer the following questions
If 𝜃 is the angle between 𝑣 and 𝐵
I. The ratio of pitch of the helix to it’s radius is
A) 2𝜋 /tan 𝜃 B) 2𝜋 tan 𝜃
C) 2𝜋 cos 𝜃 D) 2𝜋 sin 𝜃
II. Which one of the following is independent of 𝜃, when the charges particle is executing helical
motion
A) Pitch B) Radius
C) Frequency D) None of the above
III. A charged particle with a velocity 𝑣𝑖̂ enters a region with uniform magnetic field 𝐵𝑗̂ then the
particle will undergo
A) Helical motion in x-z plane B) Circular motion in x-y plane
C) Circular motion in y-z plane D) Circular motion in x-z plane
IV. i) If ‘R’ is the radius of a proton executing uniform circular motion in a uniform magnetic
field. What will be the radius of an alpha particle projected in to the same field under the
same condition?
A) R/4 B) R/2 C) 2R D) 4R

[OR]
ii) If the proton is moving parallel to uniform magnetic field with constant velocity 𝑣, the
force acting on the proton is

Page 6 of 9
 A) Be/v B) Bev C) B/ev D) Zero

30. Lenses and lens maker’s formula

A lens is a transparent optical medium bounded by two surfaces; at least one of which
should be spherical. There are different types of lenses, double convex lens, double concave
lens, plano-convex lens, plano-concave lens and concavo convex lens. Lens makers formula is
applicable to all these lenses. It is useful to design lenses of desired focal length using surfaces
of suitable radii of curvature and medium of suitable refractive index. For concavo-convex one
surface is convex and the other surface is concave, the nature of the lens depends on the radius
of curvature of these surfaces when other factors remain the same.
I. Is it possible to have two lenses of same radius of curvature (equi-convex or equi-concave) can
have different focal length when kept in the same medium.
A) No they should have different radius of curvature.
B) Yes they should have different refractive index.
C) Yes they should have same refractive index.
D) No the surrounding medium should be different.
II. Concavo-convex lenses are used to make
A) spectacles with power
B) spectacles without power
C) spectacles with protection from various hazards like uv radiation etc.
D) all the above
III. When a plano-convex lens of made of a material of refractive index 1.47 disappears when
immersed in a liquid
A) then the refractive index of the liquid is equal to 1.47
B) then the refractive index of the liquid is greater than 1.47
C) then the refractive index of the liquid is less than 1.47
D) then the refractive index of the liquid must be 1.
IV i. Two double convex lenses (both spherical has same
radius of curvature) of focal length ‘f’ is made-up of
transparent medium of refractive index 𝑛2 kept in a
medium of refractive index 𝑛1 . The lenses are cut in
to two equal halves as shown. What will happen to
the focal length and the brightness of the image
formed by the pieces of these lenses marked as ‘1’ and
‘2’? (neglect the thickness of the lens)
Options For the piece ‘1’ For the piece ‘2’
Focal length Brightness Focal length Brightness
A) Doubles Same Same Same
B) Same Becomes half Becomes half Becomes half
C) Doubles Same Same Becomes half
D) Doubles Becomes half Doubles Becomes half

Page 7 of 9
 [OR]
IV. ii. Focal length of double convex lens in air is ‘f’. What will happen to the focal length of
this lens when it is immersed in water of refractive index 1.33, the refractive index of glass
is 1.5.
A) no change
B) 3.9 f
C) f becomes infinity
D) f / 3.9
SECTION ‘E’
31 I a) Using Gauss law drive the expression for electric field due to charged conducting
sphere of radius ‘R’ on a point with a position vector 𝑟 with respect to the centre
of the sphere when r > R and r < R.
b) A charge of +q coulomb is kept between two
uniformly charged infinite parallel plane
sheets of surface charge density + σ and – σ.
Find the magnitude and direction of the force
acting on the charge q.
What will happen to the electric field outside
the plates when the space between the plates
is filled with a dielectric material with a
dielectric constant ‘K’.

[OR]
II a) Derive an expression for the capacitance of a capacitor when dielectric slab of
dielectric constant ‘K’ inserted between the plates of the capacitor fully occupying
the intervening region.

b) Two slabs of dielectric constants 2K

and K fill the space between the
plates of a parallel plate capacitor of
plate area ‘A’ and plate separation ‘d’
as shown in figure. Find an
expression for capacitance of the
system.
32 I a) i. Trace the path of a ray of light showing refraction through a triangular prism and
hence obtain an expression for angle of deviation ( 𝛿) in terms of A, i and e,
where symbols have their usual meanings.
ii. Draw a graph showing the variation of angle of deviation with the angle of
incidence.
b) Complete the ray diagram if the
refractive index of the material of the
prism is √2 . Explain what happens
to the ray of light whenever it under
goes refraction at different interfaces.

Page 8 of 9
 [OR]
II a) Derive an expression for resultant amplitude due to interference of two light waves
of amplitude ‘a’ and angular frequency ‘ω’ with a phase difference Φ
If I0 is the intensity of the interfering waves what is the intensity of the resultant if
i) Φ is constant and ii) Φ is varying with time
b) Why two identical independent ordinary light sources like sodium lamp never be
coherent.
c) In Young’s double-slit experiment using monochromatic light of wavelength λ, the
intensity of light at a point on the screen where path difference is λ, is K units.
What is the intensity of light at a point where path difference is λ/3?
33 I a) With a labelled diagram of an ac generator briefly explain the working of the
generator and derive the expressions for instantaneous emf.

b) A circular coil of radius 8.0 cm and 20 turns is rotated about its vertical diameter
with an angular speed of 50 rad s–1 in a uniform horizontal magnetic field of
magnitude 3.0 × 10–2 T. Obtain the maximum and average emf induced in the coil.
If the coil forms a closed loop of resistance 10 Ω, calculate imax and irms.
[OR]
II a) With a labelled diagram of a transformer briefly explain the working of the
transformer and derive an expression for transformer ratio.

b) A small town with a demand of 800 kW of electric power at 220 V is situated 15

km away from an electric plant generating power at 440 V. The resistance of the
two wire line carrying power is 0.5 Ω per km. The town gets power from the line
through a 4000-220 V step-down transformer at a sub-station in the town. If the
town gets power from the line through 40,000-220 V step down transformer, how
much power could be saved?

Page 9 of 9
 केन्द्रीय विद्यालय संगठन, बेंगलरु
ु क्षेत्र
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN, BENGALURU REGION
प्री-बोर्ड परीक्षा – 2024-2025
FIRST PRE-BOARD EXAMINATION – 2024-2025

Class: XII Maximum marks:70

Subject: PHYSICS Time:3hours

General Instructions

(1) There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and
Section E.
(3) All the sections are compulsory.
(4) Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based,
of 1 mark each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains
seven questions of three marks each, Section D contains two case study-based questions
of four marks each and Section E contains three long answer questions of five marks
each.
(5) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one
question in Section B, one question in Section C, one question in each CBQ in Section D
and all three questions in Section E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such
questions.
(6) Use of calculators is not allowed.
(7) You may use the following values of physical constants where ever necessary
i. c = 3 x 108 m/s
ii. me = 9.1 x10-31 kg
iii. e = 1.6 x 10-19 C
iv. µ0 = 4π x 10-7 Tm𝑨−𝟏
v. h = 6.63 x10-34 Js
vi. ε0 = 8.854 x10-12 𝑪 𝟐𝑵−𝟏𝒎−𝟐
vii. Avogadro’s number = 6.023 X 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 per gram mole

1
 SECTION A (16x1=16 marks)
1 A point charge q is kept at a distance r from an infinitely long straight wire with charge density λ. 1
The magnitude of the electrostatic force experienced by charge q is
𝑞𝜆 𝑞𝜆 𝑞𝜆
(a) Zero (b) 2𝜋𝜖 𝑟 (c) 4𝜋𝜖 𝑟 (d) 𝜖 𝑟
0 0 0

2 An inductor L of reactance XL is connected in series with a bulb B to an ac source as shown in the 1

figure.

How does the brightness of the bulb change when number of turns of the inductor is increased?

(a) Increases (b) Decreases (c) Remains same (d) none of these

3 Shape of equipotential surfaces in uniform electric field will be : 1

(a) Spherical normal to electric field (b) Random
(c) Circular normal to electric field (d) Equidistant Planes normal to electric field.

4 The electric resistance of a certain wire of iron is R. If its length and radius are both doubled, then 1
(a) the resistance and the specific resistance, will both remain unchanged
(b) the resistance will be doubled and the specific resistance will be halved
(c) the resistance will be halved and the specific resistance will remain unchanged
(d) the resistance will be halved and the specific resistance will be doubled

5 Magnetic field lines inside an ideal solenoid are: 1

(a) Circular
(b) Straight and parallel
(c) Random
(d) Perpendicular to the axis

6 Identify the property which is not characteristic for a semiconductor? 1

(a) at a very low temperatures, it behaves like an insulator
(b) at higher temperatures two types of charge carriers will cause conductivity
(c) the charge carriers are electrons and holes in the valence band at higher temperatures
(d) the semiconductor is electrically neutral.

2
7 Correct match of column I with column II is 1

Column-l (waves) Column-ll (Production)

1) Infra-red P. Rapid vibration of electrons in aerials
(2) Radio Q . Electrons in atoms emit light when they
move from higher to lower energy level
(3) Light R . Klystron valve
(4) Microwaves S . Vibration of atoms and molecules
(a) 1-P, 2-R, 3-S, 4-Q
(b) 1-S, 2-P, 3- Q, 4-R
(c) 1-Q, 2-P, 3-S, 4-R
(d) 1-S. 2-R, 3-P, 4-Q
8 The line AB in the ray diagram of figure represents a lens. On keeping AB the rays get converged 1
at P. The lens represented by AB is

(a) Concave lens

(b) convex lens
(c) can't say
(d) Both A & B
9 Two thin lenses are in contact and the focal length of the combination is 80 cm. If the focal 1
length of one lens is 20 cm, then the power of the other lens will be
(a) 1.66 D
(b) 4.00 D
(c) – 100 D
(d) – 3.75 D
10 The ratio of the intensities of two light waves from two coherent sources is 9:1. The ratio of the 1
intensities of interference maxima and minima when above two waves interfere is
(a)3:1 (b) 81:1 (c) 4:1 (d) 1:4
11 When radiation of given frequency is incident upon different metals, the maximum kinetic 1
energy of the electrons emitted electrons
(a) decreases with increase of work function

3
 (b) increases with increase of work function
(c) remains same with the increase of work function
(d) does not depend upon work function

12 The radius of 13Al27 nucleus (R0 =1.2× 10−15 m) will be 1

(a) 3.6×10−15 m (b) 2.7×10−15 m
(c) 10.8×10−15 m (d) 4×10−15 m

For Questions 13 to 16, two statements are given –one labelled Assertion (A) and other labelled
Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the options as given below.
(a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
(b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion.
(c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
(d) If both Assertion and Reason are false.
13 Assertion: Kinetic energy of photoelectrons emitted by a photosensitive surface depends upon 1
the frequency of incident photon.
Reason: The ejection of electrons from metallic surface is possible with frequency of incident
photon below the threshold frequency.
14 Assertion: Nuclear force between neutron – neutron, proton – neutron and proton -proton is 1
approximately the same.
Reason: The nuclear force does not depend on the electric charge.
15 Assertion : An N-type semiconductor has a large number of electrons but still it is electrically 1
neutral.
Reason : An N-type semiconductor is obtained by doping an intrinsic semiconductor with a
pentavalent impurity
16 Assertion: When number of turns in a coil is doubled, coefficient of self-inductance of the coil 1
becomes 4 times.
Reason: This is because self-inductance is directly proportional to the square of number of turns
in a coil.
SECTION B (05x2=10 marks)
17 Using Huygens’s construction draw a figure showing the propagation of a plane wavefront 2
getting reflected from a plane reflecting surface.
Show that the angle of incidence is equal to the angle of reflection.
18 (a) Define ‘drift velocity’ and obtain an expression for the current flowing in a conducting wire 2
in terms of drift velocity of the free electrons.
OR
(b) Define relaxation time. Obtain relation between relaxation time and resistivity?
19 A closely wound solenoid of 800 turns and an area of cross-section 2.5 × 10–4 m2 carries a 2

4
 current of 3.0 A. Explain the sense in which the solenoid acts like a bar magnet. What is its
associated magnetic moment?
20 The energy of the electron in the nth orbit is given by En = -13.6/n2 eV. Calculate the energy 2
required to excite an electron from ground state to the second excited state
21 a)Name the two processes responsible for the formation of depletion region in a p-n junction 2
diode.
b) Explain the formation of potential barrier with the help of a diagram.
SECTION C : (07x3=21 marks)
22 (a) Define mass defect and binding energy? 3
(b) Calculate the energy required to dissociate a deuteron into its constituent particles (a proton
and a neutron). Given: mass of deuteron = 2.014102 u, mass of proton = 1.007825 u, mass of
neutron = 1.008665 u.

23 Draw a plot showing the variation of photoelectric current with collector plate potential for two 3
different frequencies, ν1 > ν2, of the incident radiation having the same intensity. In which case
will the stopping potential be higher? Justify your answer.

24 With the help of a ray diagram, explain the working of a reflecting telescope. Mention two 3
advantages of a reflecting telescope over a refracting telescope?
OR
With the help of a ray diagram, explain the formation of image in a compound microscope when
the final image is formed at the near point. Obtain the expression for the magnifying power in
this case.

25 (a)Two thin, long, straight, parallel current carrying conductors carrying currents I1 and I2 are 3
kept 'd' distance apart in air. The directions of currents in both the conductors are the same.
Obtain the expression for the magnitude of force per unit length acting on each other and nature
of the force between them. (b) Hence define one ampere.

26 Figure shows two identical capacitors C1 and C2, each of 2 µF capacitance, connected to a battery 3
of 5 V. Initially switch ‘S’ is closed.
Now the switch “S” is opened and dielectric slabs of dielectric constant K = 5 are inserted to fill
completely the space between the plates of the two capacitors.

a) How will the charge and potential difference between the plates of the capacitors be affected
after the slabs are inserted?
b) Find the ratio of energy stored in both the capacitors after introducing dielectric slabs?

5
27 (a) Can potential difference across a cell be greater than its emf? Explain? 3
(b) A battery of emf 10 V and internal resistance 3 Ω is connected to a resistor. If the current in
the circuit is 0.5 A, what is the resistance of the resistor? What is the terminal voltage of the
battery when the circuit is closed?
OR
(a) State Kirchhoff’s rules used in the analysis of electric circuits.

(b) Derive the equation for balanced state of a Wheatstone bridge, using Kirchhoff’s laws.

28 (a) A student wants to use two p-n junction diodes to convert alternating current into direct 3
current. Draw the labeled circuit diagram she would use and explain how it works.
(b) Show graphically the input and output Wave forms.

SECTION D: CASE STUDY BASED QUESTIONS (02x4=08 marks)

29 Wave Optics: According to Huygens principle, each point of the wave front is the source of a 4
secondary disturbance and the wavelets emanating from these points spread out in all directions
with the speed of the wave. These wavelets emanating from the wave front are usually referred to
as secondary wavelets and if we draw a common tangent to all these spheres, we obtain the new
position of the wave front at a later time.

(i) Using Huygens’s principle we can prove the law of

(a) Reflection only (b) Refraction only
(c) Both the reflection and refraction (d) None of these

(ii) Huygens’s wave theory allows us to know

(a) The wavelength of the wave (b)The velocity of the wave
(c) The amplitude of the wave (d)The propagation of wave fronts

6
 (iii) A ‘wave front’ is the surface of constant
(a)Phase (b)Frequency (c)Wavelength (d)Amplitude

(iv) The wave front due to a source situated at infinity is

(a)Spherical (b)Cylindrical (c) Planar (d) Rectilinear

(OR)
When monochromatic light travels from a rarer to a denser medium, which quantity will not vary
(a) wavelength (b) speed (c ) frequency (d) all the above.

30 Case Study Based Question: Moving coil galvanometer 4

Moving coil galvanometer operates on Permanent Magnet -Moving Coil mechanism and was
designed by the scientist D’Arsonval. It is of two types.(i) Suspended coil and (ii) Pivoted coil
type. Its working is based on the fact that when a current carrying coil is placed in a uniform
magnetic field , it experiences the torque. This torque tends to rotate the coil about its axis of
suspension or pivot in such a way that magnetic flux passing through the coil is maximum.

1. A moving coil galvanometer is an instrument which

(a) to measure emf of a cell

(b) to measure potential difference
(c) to measure resistance
(d) is a deflection type instrument that gives deflection when current passes through the coil.

2. To make the field radial in moving coil galvanometer

(a) Number of turns of the coil is kept small

(b) Horse shoe shaped magnet (OR) set of concave shaped magnetic poles is taken
(c) Poles are very strong magnets

7
 (d) Poles are cylindrically cut

3. The deflection in moving coil galvanometer is

(a) Directly proportional to torsional constant of spring
(b) Directly proportional to number of turns in the coil
(c) Inversely proportional to the area of cross section
(d) Inversely proportional to the current in the coil
4. In a moving coil galvanometer, a coil of N number of turns, area of cross section A and
carrying current I Is placed in radial magnetic field B, then the torque on the coil is
(a) NA2 B2 I (b) NABI2 (c) N2ABI (d) NIAB

(OR)

Current sensitivity of a moving coil galvanometer increases if

(a) Magnetic field strength increases

(b) Area of the coil decreases
(c) Number of turns increases.
(d) Both (a) and (c)

SECTION E (03X5=15)
31 (I) (a) Define electric dipole moment. Derive the expression for the electric field of a dipole at a 5
point on the equatorial plane of the dipole.

(b) Two charges +5µC and +20µC are placed 2m apart. At what point on the line joining the two
charges is the electric field zero?

OR

(II) (a) Using Gauss’s law, show that the electric field E at a point due to a uniformly charged
infinite plane sheet is given by E = σ /2ϵ0 , where symbols have their usual meanings.

(b) A point charge +10 μC is at a distance of 5 cm directly above the centre of a square of side 10
cm, as shown in figure. What is the magnitude of the electric flux through the square?

32 (a) With the help of a diagram, explain the principle of the device which changes a low 5
alternating voltage into a high alternating voltage. Deduce the expression for the ratio of
secondary voltage to the primary voltage in terms of the ratio of the number of turns of primary

8
 and secondary winding. For an ideal transformer, obtain the ratio of primary and secondary
currents in terms of the ratio of the voltages in the secondary and primary coils.
(b) Write any two sources of the energy losses which occur in actual transformers.
(c) A step-up transformer converts a low input voltage into a high output voltage. Does it
violate law of conservation of energy? Explain.
OR
A series of LCR circuit is connected to a variable frequency 230 V source,
L = 5.0 H, C = 80μF , R = 40Ω

i. Determine the source frequency which drives the circuit in resonance.

ii. Obtain the impedance of the circuit and the amplitude of current at the resonating frequency.
iii. Determine the rms potential drops across the three elements of the circuit. Show that the
potential drop across the LC combination is zero at the resonating frequency.
33 (i)Write the two conditions for total internal reflection to occur? 5
(ii) Obtain a relation between critical angle and refractive index of a medium.
(iii) Write any two applications of total internal reflection.
(b) A small bulb is placed at the bottom of a tank containing water to a depth of 80 cm. What is
the area of the surface of water through which light from the bulb can emerge out? Refractive
index of water is 1.33. (Consider the bulb to be a point source)
OR
a) Draw the ray diagram showing refraction of ray of light through a glass prism. Derive the
expression for the refractive index n of the material of prism in terms of the angle of prism A and
angle of minimum deviation Dm.
(b)A ray of light PQ enters an isosceles right angled prism ABC of refractive index 1.5 as shown
in figure.
(i)Trace the path of the ray through the prism.
(ii) What will be the effect on the path of the ray if the
refractive index of the prism is 1.4?

---------------------------*****************************----------------------------------------------

9
 12PB24PHY03
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN ERNAKULAM REGION
PRE-BOARD EXAMINATION-2024 -25
Class: XII PHYSICS
Maximum Marks: 70 Time Allowed: 3 hours.
General Instructions:
1. There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
2. This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section
E.
3. All the sections are compulsory.
4. Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1
mark each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven
questions of three marks each, Section D contains two case study-based questions of four marks
each and Section E contains three long answer questions of five marks each.
5. There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question in
Section B, one question in Section C, one question in each CBQ in Section D and all three
questions in Section E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
6. Use of calculators is not allowed.
7. You may use the following values of physical constants where ever necessary.
I. c = 3 x 108 m/s
II. me = 9.1 x10-31 kg
III. e = 1.6 x 10-19 C
IV. µ0 = 4π x 10-7 Tm𝑨 –𝟏
V. h = 6.63 x10-34 Js
VI. ε0 = 8.854 x10-12 𝑪 𝟐𝑵−𝟏𝒎−𝟐
VII. Avogadro’s number = 6.023 X 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 per gram mole

SECTION - A
1 The electric field at a point on the perpendicular bisector of a dipole is directed
(a) Along the dipole moment (b) Perpendicular to the dipole moment
(c)Opposite to the dipole moment (d)45° to the dipole moment
2 A parallel plate air capacitor is charged and then isolated. When a dielectric material is inserted
between the plates of the capacitor, then which of the following does not change ?
(a) Electric field between the plates (c) Charge on the plates
(b) Potential difference across the plates (d) Energy stored in the capacitor
3 Two bulbs of 500 W and 200 W rated at 250 V will have resistance ratio as
(a) 4:25 (b) 25:4 (c) 2:5 (d) 5:2
4. For a para magnetic material, the dependence of the magnetic susceptibility χ on the
absolute temperature is given as
(a) χ ∝ T ( b). χ ∝ 1/T2 ( c). χ ∝ 1/T (d. ) independent
5 In a series RLC circuit that is operating above the resonant frequency, the current
a) Lags the applied voltage (b) Leads the applied voltage
c) Is in phase with the applied voltage (d) Is zero
6 Two nuclei have mass numbers in the ratio 1: 2. What is the ratio of their B nuclear densities?
(a) 1:2 (b) 2:1 (c) 1:1 (d) 4:1
7 Inductance plays the role of
 (a) Inertia (b) friction (c) source of emf (d) force
8 Refractive index of water and glass are 4/3 and 5/3. A light ray is going to
water from glass. Then, its critical angle will be
(a) sin-1 (4/5 ) (b) sin-1( 5/6) (c) sin-1 (½) (d) sin-1 (2/1)
9 An electromagnetic wave going through vacuum is described by E=Eₒ sin (kx - ωt). Which of the
following is/are independent of the wave length?
(a) k (b) ω (c) k/ω (d) k ω
10 The wavefront due to a source situated at infinity is
(a) Spherical (b) planar (c) cylindrical (d) circular
11 Two beams, one of red light and the other of blue light having the same intensity are incident on a
metallic surface to emit photoelectrons. Which emits electrons of greater energy?
(a) Both (b) Red light (c) Blue light (d) None
12 In terms of Rydberg constant R, the wave number of the first Balmer line is
(a) R (b) 5R/36 (c) 3R (d) 8R/9
For Q 13 to 16 -Two statements are given-one labelled Assertion (A) and the other labelled Reason
(R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the codes (a), (b), (c) and (d) as given below.
A. Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A
B. Both A and R are true and R is NOT the correct explanation of A
C. A is true but R is false
D. A is false and R is also false
13 Assertion-.An N-type semiconductor has a large number of electrons but still it is electrically
neutral
Reason -.An N-type semiconductor is obtained by doping an intrinsic semiconductor with a
pentavalent impurity
14 Assertion (A): Acceleration of a magnet falling through a long solenoid decreases
Reason (R): The induced current produced in a circuit always flow in such direction that it
opposes the change to the cause that produced it.
15 Assertion- Photoelectric effect demonstrates the wave nature of light
Reason-The number of photoelectrons is proportional to the frequency of light.
16 Assertion: Total energy of revolving electron in any stationary orbit is negative
Reason: Energy is a scalar quantity. It can have only positive value.
SECTION –B

17 Electromagnetic radiations with wavelength:

(i) λ1 are used to kill germs in water purifier.
(ii) λ2 are used in TV communications.
(iii) λ3 play an important role in maintaining earth’s warmth.
Name the part of EM spectrum to which these radiations belongs. Arrange these wavelengths
in decreasing order of their wavelengths
18 Two wires of the same material having lengths in the ratio 1:2 and diameter 2:3 are connected in
series with an accumulator. Compute the ratio of p.d
19 Two coplanar concentric circular loop of radius R are r(r<<R) are arranged co-axially.
Obtain the expression for their mutual inductance.

OR
 The primary coil of an ideal step-up transformer has 100 turns and transformation ratio is also 100.
The input voltage and power are 220 V and 1100 W respectively. Calculate: (i) The current in the
primary coil (ii) The voltage across the secondary coil.

20 Find the ratio of energies of photons produced due to transition of an electron of hydrogen atom
from its
(i) second permitted energy level to the first level, and
(ii) the highest permitted energy level to the first permitted level
21 Explain, with the help of a circuit diagram, the working of a p-n junction diode as a
half-wave rectifier.
SECTION – C

22 Two parallel plate capacitors X and Y have the same area of plates and same separation between
them. X has air between the plates while Y contains a dielectric medium of ɛr = 4

1) Calculate capacitance of each capacitor if equivalent capacitance of the combination is 4 μF.

2) Calculate the potential difference between the plates of X and Y.
3) Estimate the ratio of electrostatic energy stored in X and Y.
23 State Kirchhoff’s rules. Use these rules to write the expressions for the current I1, I2 and I3 in the
circuit diagram shown

E1 = 2V
I1 r1 = 4 Ω
=======
=2V

OR
Using Kirchoff’s rules determine the value of unknown resistance R into circuit so that no current
flows through 4Ω resistance. Also find the potential difference between A and D

;
24 Using Biot-Savart law derive an expression for magnetic field due to a circular coil carrying current
at a point on its axial line. What will be the magnetic field at the centre of the coil?
25 Two identical loops, one of copper and the other of aluminium, are rotated with the same angular
speed in the same magnetic field. Compare (i) the induced emf and (ii) the current produced in the
two coils. Justify your answer
26 In a Young’s double-slit experiment, the slits are separated by 0.28 mm and the screen is placed
1.4 m away. The distance between the central bright fringe and the fourth bright fringe is measured
to be 1.2 cm. Determine the wavelength of light used in the experiment
27 The following graph shows the variation of stopping potential V0 with the frequency v of the
incident radiation for two photosensitive metals X and Y

I. Which of the metals has larger threshold wavelength? Give reason.

II. Explain, giving reason, which metal gives out electrons, having larger kinetic energy, for the
same wavelength of the incident radiation.
III. If the distance between the light source and metal X is halved, how will the kinetic energy of
electrons emitted from it change? Give reason
28 .(a) Draw the plot of binding energy per nucleon (BE/A) as a function of mass number A. Write
two important conclusions that can be drawn regarding the nature of nuclear force.
( b) write one example each for nuclear fission and fusion

SECTION - D
29 Single Slit Diffraction Formula
When light from a monochromatic source is incident on a single narrow slit, it gets
diffracted and a pattern of alternate bright and dark fringes is obtained on a screen
called diffraction pattern of single slit. In diffraction pattern of single slit, it is found
that
(i) the central bright fringe is of maximum intensity and the intensity of any
secondary, bright fringe decreases with increase in its order.
(ii) central bright fringe is twice as wide as any other secondary, bright
or dark fringe.
 1)If the width of the slit in single slit diffraction experiment is doubled, then the central maximum
of diffraction pattern becomes
a) broader and brighter b) sharper and brighter c) sharper and fainter d) broader and fainter
2) A diffraction pattern is obtained by using beam of red. light what will happen, if red light is
replaced by the blue light?
(a) Bands disappear. (b) Bands become broader and farther apart. (c) No change will take place.
(d) Diffraction bands become narrow and crowded together
3) When monochromatic light is replaced by white light in Fresnel’s biprism arrangement, the
central fringe is
(a) coloured (b) white (c) dark (d) None of these
4) The phenomenon of diffraction can be treated as interference phenomenon if the number of
coherent sources is
(a) one (b) two (c) zero (d) infinity
OR
The diffraction effects in a microscopic specimen become important when the separation between
two points is
(a) much greater than the wavelength of light used.
(b) much less than the wavelength of light used.
(c) comparable to the wavelength of light used
(d) independent of the wavelength of light used

30 P-N JUNCTION DIODE

. p-n junction is a semiconductor diode. It is obtained by bringing p-type semiconductor in close contact with
n- typesemiconductor. A thin layer is developed at the p- n junction which is devoid of any charge carrier
but has immobile ions. It is called depletion layer. At the junction a potential barrier appears, which does
not allow the movement of majority charge carriers across the junction in the absence of any biasing of the
junction. p-n junction offers low resistance when forward biased and high resistance when reverse biased.
1) In the middle of depletion layer of reverse biased p- n junction, the
a. Electric field is zero b. Potential is zero
c .Potential is maximum d . Electric field is maximum
OR
When a p-n junction diode is reverse biased then
a. No Current flows b. The depletion region is increased
c. The depletion region is reduced d. Height of potential barrier is reduced
2) The energy band gap is maximum in
a. Metals b. Super conductors c. Insulators d. Semiconductors
3) The number of majority carriers crossing the junction of diode depends primarily on the
a. Concentration of doping impurities b. Magnitude of potential barriers
c. Magnitude of the forward bias voltage d. Rate of thermal generation of electron –hole pairs
4) Hole is
a. Antiparticle of electron b. A vacancy created when an electron leaves covalent bond
c. Absence of free electrons. d. An artificially created particle.

SECTION – E
31. a) State Guass’s therom. Express it mathematically.
b) Use Gauss’s law to prove that the electric field at a point due to a uniformly charged infinite
plane sheet is independent of the distance from it.
c) Two parallel large thin metal sheets have equal surface densities 26.4x10-12 C/m2 of opposite
signs. Find the electric field between these sheets.
 OR
a).Derive an expression for the electric field at any point on the axial line of an electric dipole.
b).Two small identical electrical dipoles AB and CD, each of dipole moment ‘p’ are
kept at an angle of 120° as shown in the figure. What X’ is the resultant dipole
moment of this combination?.

32 1) Find an expression for force per unit length between two parallel current carrying
conductors. Define Ampere from the formula.
2) Two parallel wires of 9m each are separated by a distance of 0.15m. If they carry
equal currents in the same direction and exert a total force of 30 × 10−7𝑁 on each other,
then find the value of current
OR
1) Describe the principle, construction and working of a moving coil galvanometer .
2) A galvanometer coil has a resistance of 10Ω and the metre shows full scale deflection
for a current of 1𝑚𝐴.Find the shunt resistance required to convert the galvanometer into
an ammeter of range 0-100mA
33 1) Draw a ray diagram of a compound microscope and explain its working. Write an
expression for the total magnification when the final image is formed at the near point.
2) In a compound microscope, an object is placed at a distance of 1.5 cm from the
objective of focal length 1.25 cm. If the eyepiece has a focal length of 5 cm and the final
image is formed at the near point. Estimate the magnifying power of the microscope
OR
1) For refraction at a convex refracting surface derive the relation
n2/ 𝑣 − 𝑛1/ 𝑢 = 𝑛2 − 𝑛1/R
2) A glass convex lens has a power of +10 D. When this lens is immersed in a liquid it
act as a concave lens of focal length 50 cm. Calculate the refractive index of the liquid.
Refractive index of glass with respect to air is 1.5.
 केन्द्रीय तिद्यालय संगठन, कोलकािा संभाग
KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN, KOLKATA REGION
प्री- बोडड परीक्षा / PRE-BOARD EXAMINATION – 2024-25
कक्षा / CLASS – XII अतिकिम अंक/MAX. MARKS – 70
तबषय/SUB. - PHYSICS समय/TIME – 03 घंटे/Hours

General Instructions
(1) There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
(3) All the sections are compulsory.
(4) Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1 mark
each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven questions of
three marks each, Section D contains two case study-based questions of four marks each and
Section E contains three long answer questions of five marks each.
(5) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question in
Section B, one question in Section C, one question in each CBQ in Section D and all three
questions in Section E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
(6) Use of calculators is not allowed.
(7) You may use the following values of physical constants where ever necessary
i. c = 3 x 108 m/s
ii. me = 9.1 x10-31 kg
iii. mp = 1.7 x10-27 kg

iv. e = 1.6 x 10-19 C

v. µ0 = 4π x 10-7 T m 𝑨−𝟏
vi. h = 6.63 x10-34 J s
vii. ε0 = 8.854 x10-12 𝑪𝟐𝑵−𝟏𝒎−𝟐
viii. Avogadro’s number = 6.023 X 𝟏𝟎𝟐𝟑 per gram mole

SECTION – A
1 The potential energy of an electric dipole placed in a uniform electric field is minimum when 1
the dipole is:
(a) Aligned with the field (b) Opposed to the field
(c) Makes an angle of 45° with the field (d) Makes an angle of 90° with the field
2 A charge is located at the centre of a cube . the electric flux through any two 1
consecutive faces will be :
(a) (b) (c) (d) .
3 Four charges are kept inside a closed surface. What will be the 1
outgoing flux through the surface.
(a) 26 V-m (b) 0 V-m (c) 10 V-m (d) 8 V-m
4 In Nuclear reaction, there is conservation of 1
(a)Mass only (b) energy only
(c) momentum only (d)mass, energy and momentum
5 Which of the following graphs 1
represents the variation of resistivity ρ
with temperature T for copper?

6 Which of thejunction diodes shown below are forward biased? 1

7 A bulb is connected in series with an inductor and an alternating voltage source. The switch 1
is turned on and the bulb glows. If now an iron rod is inserted in the inductor. The
brightness of the bulb will
(a) Increase (b) decrease (c) remain same (d) cannot say

8 A charged particle is moving in a magnetic field ,leaves the field without any deflection 1
(a) The particle is positively charged
(b) the magnetic field is perpendicular to the direction of motion of the particle
(c) the magnetic field is parallel to the direction of motion of the particle
(d ) both (a) and (c)
9 In Young double slit Experiment with white source of light, if one slit is covered 1
with green filter and the other with red filter, what will be observed on the screen?
(a) Alternate red and green fringes
(b) Alternate bright and dark fringes
(c) No interference
(d) There shall be separate interference pattern for green and red
10 Which of the following is not due to total internal reflection? 1
(a) Working of optical fibre
(b) Difference between apparent and real depth of a pond
(c) Mirage on hot summer days
(d) Brilliance of diamond
11 A ray of light strikes a transparent rectangular slab of refractive index at an angle of 1
incidence of 45˚. The angle between the reflected and refracted rays is
(a) 75˚
(b) 90˚
(c) 105˚
(d)120˚
12 Which of the following is used to investigate the structure of solids? 1
(a) Gamma rays (b)infrared rays (c) X – rays (d)cosmic rays
Directions:
(a)Both assertion and reason are correct and reason is the correct explanation of the assertion
(b) Both assertion and reason are correct and reason is not the correct explanation of the assertion
(c)Assertion is correct, reason is incorrect
(d)Assertion and reason both incorrect
13 Assertion: The total energy of an electron revolving in any stationary orbit is negative. 1
Reason : Energy can have positive or negative values of energy.
14 Assertion: The kinetic energy of photoelectrons emitted from a metal surface increases with 1
the increase in the frequency of the incident light.
Reason: According to Einstein’s photo electric equation ,the kinetic energy of photoelectrons
is directly proportional to the frequency of the incident light.
15 Assertion: For the fission of heavy nuclei, neutrons are more effective than protons. 1

Reason: Neutrons are heavier than protons .

16 Assertion: The magnetic field of an electromagnet can be increased by increasing the number 1
of turns.
Reason: The magnetic field is directly proportional to the number of turns.
SECTION – B
17 Define mobility of a charge carrier .Write the relation expressing mobility in terms of 2
relaxation time? Give it’s S.I unit.
18 A galvanometer coil of 50Ω resistance shows full scale deflection for a current of 5mA.How 2
will you convert this galvanometer into a voltmeter of range 0 to 15 V?
19 The ratio of the intensities at minima to the maxima in the Young’s double slit experiment is 2
9:25.Find the ratio of the widths of the two slits?
OR
Laser light of wavelength 630nm incident on a pair of slits produces an interference pattern
in which bright fringes are separated by 7.2mm.Calculate the wavelength of another source of
laser light which produces interference and bright fringes separated by 8.1mm using same
pair of slits.
20 (i)Define the term stopping potential. 2
(ii)Plot a graph showing the variation of photoelectric current as a function of anode potential
for two light beams of same intensity but of different frequencies and ( >
21 Draw a plot of binding energy per nucleon (BE/A)versus mass number(A) for a large number 2
of nuclei lying between . Using this graph , explain clearly how the energy is
released in both the process of nuclear fission and nuclear fusion.
SECTION – C
22 (i)Draw a ray diagram for the formation of image by a Cassegrain telescope 3
(ii)Why these types of telescope are preferred over refracting type telescopes.

23 Draw the circuit diagram of a full wave rectifier using P – N junction diode. Explain its working 3
and show the output and input waveforms.
24 A ray PQ is incident normally on the face AB of a triangular prism of 3
angle of 600 made of a transparent material of refractive index as
shown in figure .Trace the path of the ray as it passes through the prism
.Also calculate the angle of emergence and angle of deviation.
25 State Gauss’s theorem in electrostatics .Using this theorem, derive an expression for the 3
electric field due to an infinitely long straight wire of linear charge density 𝛌.
OR
(i)Define electric flux and write its S.I unit.
(ii)Use Gauss’s law to obtain the expression for the electric field due to a uniformly charged
infinite plane sheet .
26 (i)Explain with the help of a diagram the formation of depletion region and barrier potential in 3
p – n junction.
(ii)How is forward biasing different from reverse biasing in a p-n junction diode(only 2 points)
27 A long straight wire of a circular cross-section of radius carries a steady current .The 3
current is uniformly distributed across the cross –section .Apply Ampere’s circuital law to
calculate the magnetic field at a point in the region for (i) (ii)
28 Find the expression for the capacitance of parallel late capacitor of plate area and plate 3
separation when (i)a dielectric slab of thickness t and (ii) a metallic slab of thickness t
,where are introduced one by one between the plates of the capacitor .In which case
would the capacitance be more and why?

SECTION – D
29 When a charged particle is moving with velocity in a region in which electric field 4
⃑ and magnetic field ⃑ , both are present, it experiences a force due to both the fields
simultaneously. This force is known as Lorentz force. When , ⃑ and ⃑ all are collinear, the
particle will follow a straight – line path with change in speed. When , ⃑ and ⃑ are
mutually perpendicular, the particle will pass through the field with same velocity without
any deviation in its path.

(i) The magnetic Lorentz force experienced by a charge , entering a magnetic field ⃑
with a velocity is
(a) √⃑ ⃑ (b) (⃑ × ) (c) q( . ⃑ ) (d) ( × ⃑ ) .
(ii) In a region, uniform electric and magnetic fields are present. These two fields are
parallel to each whet. A charged particle is released from rest in mid region. The path of
the particle will be
(a) circle (b) ellipse (c) helix (d) straight line
(iii) An electron travelling with velocity , enters a region of space in which electric and
magnetic fields exist. Then the electron goes undeflected for all values of fields
(a) if both electric and magnetic fields are normal to .
(b) if the magnetic field alone is normal to .
(c) if both electric and magnetic fields are parallel to .
(d) if the electric field alone is normal to .
(iv) An ion with a charge of × 10−19C is in a region where a uniform electric field of
5 × 104 V/m is perpendicular to a uniform magnetic field of 0.8 T. If its acceleration is zero,
then its speed must be
(a) 0 (b) 1.6 × 104 m/s (c) 4.0 × 104 m/s (d) 6.3 × 104 m/s
OR
The direction of magnetic force can be determined by
(a)Maxwell’s right hand thumb rule
(b)Fleming’s left hand rule
(c ) Maxwell’s left palm rule
(d) Fleming’s right hand rule
30 Photo electric effect: It is the phenomenon of emission of electrons from a metallic surface 4
when light of a suitable frequency is incident on it. The emitted electrons are called
photoelectrons.
Nearly all metals exhibit these effect with ultraviolet light but alkali metals like Lithium,
sodium, potassium, cesium ,etc .show this effect even with
visible light. It is an instantaneous process i.e
photoelectrons are emitted as soon as the light is incident
on the metal surface .The number of photoelectrons
emitted per sec is directly proportional to the intensity of
the incident radiation. The maximum kinetic energy of the
photoelectrons emitted from a given metal surface is independent of the intensity of the
incident light and depends only on the frequency of the incident light . For a given metal
surface there is a certain minimum value of the frequency of the incident light below which
emission of photoelectrons does not occur.

(i)In a photoelectric experiment plate current is plotted against anode potential

(a) A and B will have same intensities while B and C will have different frequencies
(b) B and C will have different intensities while A and B will have different frequencies
(c) A and B will have different intensities while B and C will have equal frequencies
(d) B and C will have equal intensities while A and B will have same frequencies.

(ii)Photo electrons are emitted when a zinc plate is

(a) Heated (b) hammered
(c) Irradiated by ultraviolet light (d) subjected to a high pressure
(iii)The threshold frequency for photoelectric effect on sodium corresponds to a
wavelengthof500nm.
Its work function is about
(a) 4x10−19J (b) 1J (c) 2x10−19J (d) 3x10−19J .
(iv)The maximum kinetic energy of photo electrons emitted from a surface when photons of
energy 6 eV fall on it is 4 eV. The stopping potential is

(a) 2V (b) 4V (c)6V (d) 10V

OR

The minimum energy required to remove an electron from a substance is

called its
(a) work function (b) kinetic energy (c) stopping potential (d) potential energy
SECTION – E
31 (i) Derive an expression for drift velocity of electrons in a conductor .Hence ,deduce Ohm’s 3+2
law.

(ii) A wire whose cross-sectional area is increasing linearly from one end to the other ,is
connected across of V volts .Which of the following quantity or quantities remain constant in
the wire ? Explain.

(a) Drift speed (b) current density (c) electric field.

 OR

(i) State Kirchhoff’s rules.

(ii) Using Kirchhoff’s rules to write the expression for the

currents I1, I2, I3 in the circuit shown in figure.

32 (i)Explain briefly, with the help of a labelled diagram, the basic principle of the working of an 5
a.c.generator.
(ii)In an a.c. generator, coil of N turns and area A is rotated at an angular velocity ω in a
uniform magnetic field B. Derive an expression for the instantaneous value of the emf
induced in coil.
(iii)What is the source of energy generation in this device?

OR
(i) With the help of a diagram, explain the principle of a device which changes a low ac
voltageinto a high voltage . Deduce the expression for the ratio of secondary voltage to the
primary voltage in terms of the ratio of the number of turns of primary and secondary
winding. For anideal transformer, obtain the ratio of primary and secondary currents in
terms of the ratio of the voltages in the secondary and primary coils.
(ii)Write any two sources of the energy losses which occur in actual transformers.
(iii) A step-up transformer converts a low input voltage into a high output voltage. Does it
violate law of conservation of energy? Explain.

33. (i) Draw a ray diagram to show the working of a compound microscope. Deduce an expression 3+2
for the total magnification when the final image is formed at the near point.

(ii) In a compound microscope, an object is placed at a distance of 1.5cm from the the
objective of focal length 1.25cm .If the eyepiece has a focal length of 5cm and the final image
is formed at the near point. Estimate the magnifying power of the microscope.

OR

𝟐 𝟏 𝟐 𝟏
(i) Obtain len’s maker formula using the expression =

Here, the ray of light propagating from a rarer medium of refractive index to a denser
medium of refractive index is incident on the convex side of spherical refracting surface of
radius of curvature R.

(ii) You are given three lenses L1 , L2 , L3 each of focal

length 10cm.An object is kept at 15 cm in front of L1 as
shown. The final image I is formed at the focus of L3.Find
the separation between L1,L2 and L3.
 KENDRIYA VIDYALAYA SANGATHAN BHUBANESWAR REGION
FIRST PRE-BOARD EXAMINATION 2024-25
SUB-PHYSICS
CLASS – XII
SET 1
Maximum Marks: 70 Time Allowed: 3 hours
General Instructions
(1) There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.
(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D and Section E.
(3) All the sections are compulsory.
(4) Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning based of 1
mark each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each, Section C contains seven
questions of three marks each, Section D contains two case study-based questions of four marks
each and Section E contains three long answer questions of five marks each.
(5) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one question in
Section B, one question in Section C, one question in each CBQ in Section D and all three questions
in Section E. You have to attempt only one of the choices in such questions.
(6) Use of calculators is not allowed.
(7) You may use the following values of physical constants wherever necessary
e = 1.6 x 10-19 C c = 3 x 108 m/s me = 9.1 x10-31 kg
mp = 1.7 x10-27 kg h = 6.63 x10-34 J s ε0 = 8.854 x10-12 C2 N-1 m-2
1
 9  109 N m2 C –2 μo= 4 π x 10−7 T m A−1
4 0

[SECTION-A]
Q1. In the given figure, two positive charges q2 and q3 fixed along the y axis, exert a net electric
force in the + x direction on a charge q1 fixed along the x axis. If a positive charge Q is added at (x,
0), the force on q1

(A) shall increase along the positive x-axis.

(B) shall decrease along the positive x-axis.
(C) shall point along the negative x-axis.
(D) shall increase but the direction changes because of the intersection of Q with q2 and q3

Q2 Two uniformly charged spherical conductors A and B of radii 5 mm and 10 mm are separated
by a distance of 2 cm. If the spheres are connected by a conducting wire, then in equilibrium
condition, the ratio of the magnitude of electric fields at the surface of the spheres A and B will
be

1
 (A) 1:2 (B) 2:1 (C) 1:1 (D) 1:4
Q3 In a parallel plate capacitor with air between the plates, each plate has an area of 6 X 10-3
m2and the distance between the plates is 3 mm. The capacitance of the capacitor will be
(A) 16 pF (B) 18 pF (C) 20 pF (D) 0 pF
Q4 An electric current is passed through a circuit containing two wires of same material,
connected in parallel. If the lengths and radii of the wires are in the ratio of 3:2 and 2:3, then
the ratio of the current passing through the wires
(A) 2:3 (B) 3:2 (C) 8:27 (D) 27:8
Q5 Two wires of the same length are shaped into a square of side ‘a’ and a circle with radius ‘r’. If
they carry same current, the ratio of their magnetic moment is
(A) 2 :  (B)  : 2 (C)  :4 (D) 4 : 
Q6 In a series LCR circuit, the capacitance is changed from C to C/4. For the resonant frequency
to remain unchanged, the inductance should be changed from L to nL, where n is
1 1
(A) 2 (B) 2 (C) 4 (D) 4
Q7. Correct match of column I with column II is
C-1 ( waves ) C-II ( wavelength range )
(1) Infra-red P. > 0.1 m
(2) Radio Q. 700 nm to 400 nm
(3) Light R. 0.1 m to 1 mm
(4) Microwave S. 1mm to 700 nm

(A) 1-P, 2-R, 3-S,4-Q (B) 1-S, 2-P, 3-Q, 4-R

(C) 1-Q,2-P, 3-S, 4-R (D) 1-S, 2-R, 3-P, 4-Q
Q8. In the wave picture of light, the intensity I of light is related to the amplitude A of the wave as
1
(A) I  √𝐴 (B) I  A (C) I  A2 (D) I  𝐴2

Q9. The coherence of two light sources means that the light waves emitted have
(A) same frequency (B) same intensity
(C) constant phase difference (D) same velocity
Q10. A small air bubble in a glass sphere of radius 2 cm appears to be 1 cm from the surface when
looked at, along a diameter. If the refractive index of glass is 1.5, then the true position of the
air bubble will be
(A) -1.5 cm (B) -2.0 cm (C) 1.4 cm (D) -1.2 cm
Q11. The ground state energy of hydrogen atom is -13.6 eV. The potential energy of an electron in
the second excited state is
(A) -3.02 eV (B) -1.70 eV (C) -0.85 eV (D) -1.51 eV
Q12. At equilibrium, in a p-n junction diode the net current is
(A) due to diffusion of majority charge carriers.
(B) due to drift of minority charge carriers.
(C) zero as diffusion and drift currents are equal and opposite.
(D) zero as no charge carriers cross the junction.

2
 For Questions 13 to 16, two statements are given –one labelled Assertion (A) and other
labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the options as
given below.
A. If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of Assertion.
B. If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion.
C. If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
D. If both Assertion and Reason are false.
Q13. Assertion (A): To increase the range of an ammeter, a high resistance in series must be
connected to it.
Reason (R): The ammeter with increased range should have high resistance.
Q14. Assertion (A): de-Broglie waves are not electromagnetic waves.
Reason (R): Electromagnetic waves are associated with accelerated charge particles.
Q15. Assertion (A): Angular momentum of single electron in any orbit of hydrogen type atoms is
independent of the atomic number of the element
Reason (R): In ground state angular momentum is minimum.
Q16 Assertion (A) : Binding energy per nucleon is nearly constant for middle mass nuclei (30 < A
< 170).
Reason (R): Nuclear force is short ranged in nature.
[ SECTION – B]
Q17. Draw a schematic arrangement of the Geiger-Marsden experiment. What is impact
parameter? How it is related with angle of scattering of α-particles.
Q18. (I) In a Young’s double slit experiment, fringes are obtained on a screen placed a certain
distance away from the slits. If the screen is moved by 5 cm towards the slits, the fringe width
changes by 30 m. Given that the slits are 1 mm apart, calculate the wavelength of the light
used.
OR
(II) In Young’s double slit experiment using monochromatic light of wavelength , the intensity
of light at a point where path difference is /3, is K units. What is intensity at the centre of
the bright fringe?

Q19. P and Q are two identical charged particles each of mass 4 × 10–26 kg and charge 4.8 × 10–19
C, each moving with the same speed of 2.4 × 105 m/s as shown in the figure. The two
particles are equidistant (0.5 m) from the vertical Y -axis. At some instant, a magnetic field B is
switched on so that the two particles undergo head-on collision.

Find –
(I) the direction of the magnetic field and

3
 (II) the magnitude of the magnetic field applied in the region.
Q20. Draw a graph showing the variation of binding energy per nucleon as a function of mass
number A. The binding energy per nucleon for heavy nuclei (A > 170) decreases with the
increase in mass number. Explain.
Q21. A potential difference V is applied to a conductor of length l, diameter D. How are the electric
field E, the drift velocity vd and the resistance R affected when (i) V is doubled (ii) l is
doubled.
[ SECTION – C]
Q22. Draw the circuit diagrams for obtaining the V-I characteristics of a p-n junction diode.
Explain briefly the salient features of the V-I characteristics in (i) forward biasing, and (ii)
reverse biasing.
Q23. A parallel plate capacitor is charged by a battery. After sometime the battery is disconnected
and a dielectric slab of dielectric constant K with its thickness equal to the plate separation is
inserted between the plates. How it will affect
(i) the capacitances of the capacitor
(ii) potential difference between the plates
(iii) the energy stored in the capacitors.
Justify your answer in each case.
Q24. Draw a labelled ray diagram showing the formation of an image by an astronomical refracting
telescope in normal adjustment. Hence obtain the expression for its magnifying power.
Q25. A sinusoidal input voltage applied to a device (X) produces an output voltage as shown in the
graph given below. Name the device (X) and explain its working with the help of circuit
diagram.

Q26. On a smooth plane inclined at 30o with the horizontal, a thin current-carrying metallic rod is
placed parallel to the horizontal ground. The plane is located in a uniform magnetic field of
0.15 T in the vertical direction. For what value of current can the rod remain stationary? The
mass per unit length of the rod is 0.30 kgm-1.
Q27. (i) A ray of light incident on face AB of an equilateral glass prism, shows minimum deviation of
30o. calculate the speed of light through the prism.
(ii) Find the angle of incidence on face AB, so that the emergent ray grazes along the face
AC.

4
 Q28. (I) State Gauss's law in electrostatics. Using this law, derive an expression for the electric
field due to a uniformly charged infinite plane sheet.
OR
(ii) (a) Define electric flux and write its SI unit.
(b) Use Gauss’s law to obtain the expression for the electric field due to an infinitely long
straight wire of linear charge density.
.
[ SECTION – D]
Q29. Case Study Based Question
Ferromagnetic substances are those which are strongly magnetised by relatively weak
magnetic field and in the same sense as the applied magnetic field. Iron nickel, cobalt,
gadolinium and their alloys are ferromagnetic. These substances have relative permeability of
the order of hundreds and thousands. The flux density B in a ferromagnetic substance is not
𝐵
directly proportional to the magnetizing force H. Hence the permeability (µ = ) is not a
𝐻
constant. The permeability decreases with rise in temperature. Above curie temperature, a
ferromagnetic substance becomes a paramagnetic substance.
(i) Which of the following is incorrect statement?
(a) Magnetic intensity is a vector quantity.
(b) Induced magnetization is a process where you can magnetise a magnetic material
placing near magnet.
(c) Magnetic intensity and intensity of manetisation are the same.
(d) None of these.
(ii) SI unit of magnetic flux is
(a) Ohm (b) Weber (c) Tesla (d) Weber/m2
(iii) Which of the following has higher magnetic susceptibility?
(a) Diamagnetic (b) paramagnetic (c) Ferromagnetic (d) None of these
(iv) The magnetic susceptibility  of a ferromagnetic material varies with temperature (T) as

5
 OR
(V) There are four light-weight rod samples A,B,C,D separately suspended by threads. A bar
magnet is slowly brought near each sample and the following observations are noted
(I) A is feebly repelled. (II) B is feebly attracted.
(III) C is strongly attracted (IV) D remains unaffected.
Which of the following is correct?
(a) C is of diamagnetic material. (b) D is of a ferromagnetic material.
(c) A is of a non-magnetic material. (d) B is of a paramagnetic material.
Q30. Case Study Based Question
The salient features of photoelectric effect are enumerated below.
An electromagnetic wave travels in the form of discrete packets or bundles of energy
called quanta or photon. All photons emitted by any source travel through free space carrying
an energy E=h and momentum p = h/. The photon energy depends on the frequency  of
the radiation and not its intensity. The transfer of discrete amount of energy from a photon to
a free electron inside the photosensitive metal is the basic cause of photoelectric emission.
(i) Above the threshold frequency the maximum kinetic energy of the emitted photo-
electrons increases linearly with
(a) intensity of incident radiation (b) frequency of incident radiation
(c) apparent time of the incident radiation (d) none of these
(ii) Light of wavelength 200nm falls on a metal surface of work function 4.2 eV. The
maximum kinetic energy of the electrons emitted is about
(a) 6.2 eV (b) 2.0 eV (c) 4.2 eV (d) 4.0 eV
(iii) The threshold frequency for photoelectric effect on a metal corresponds to a wavelength
of 300 nm. Its work function is about
(a) 4.0 x 10-19 J (b) 1 J (c) 6.6 x 10-19 J (d) 3.3 X 10-19 J
(iv) The stopping potential for a photoelectric emission process is 2V. Find the maximum
kinetic energy of the electrons ejected in the process.
(a) 3.2 X 10-18 J (b) 1.6 X 10-19 J (c) 3.2 X 10-19 J (d) zero
OR
(v) For which of the following radiations, the cut-off voltage will be maximum
(a) violet (b) ultraviolet (c) X rays (d) infrared

[ SECTION – E]

6
Q31. (I) a) Define resistivity. Explain why resistivity of metals increases and that of semiconductors
decreases with rise in temperature.
b) A series battery of 6 lead accumulators each of emf 2.0 V and internal resistance 0.50 
is charged by a 100 V d.c. supply. What series resistance should be used in the charging
circuit in order to limit the current to 8.0 A? Using the required resistor , obtain the power
supplied by the d.c. source.
OR
(II) a) Using Kirchhoff's laws obtain the equation of the balanced state in a Wheatstone bridge.
b) Two cells of emfs 1.5 V and 2 V and internal resistances 2  and 1  respectively have their
negative terminals joined by a wire of 6  resistance and positive terminals by a wire of 4 
resistance . A third resistance wire of 8  connects middle points of these wires. Draw the
circuit diagram. Using Kirchhoff laws, find the potential difference at the end of this third wire.
Q32. (I) Explain briefly, with the help of a labelled diagram, the basic principle of the working of
an a.c. generator.
In an a.c. generator, coil of N turns and area A is rotated at an angular velocity ω in a uniform
magnetic field B. Derive an expression for the instantaneous value of the emf induced in coil.
What is the average value of emf in one complete revolution of the coil?
What is the source of energy generation in this device?
OR
(II) a) With the help of a diagram, explain the principle of a device which changes a low ac voltage
into a high voltage . Deduce the expression for the ratio of secondary voltage to the primary
voltage in terms of the ratio of the number of turns of primary and secondary winding. For an
ideal transformer, obtain the ratio of primary and secondary currents in terms of the ratio of
the voltages in the secondary and primary coils.
b) Write any two sources of the energy losses which occur in actual transformers.
c) A step-up transformer converts a low input voltage into a high output voltage. Does it violate
law of conservation of energy? Explain.
Q33 (I) a) Draw a ray diagram showing the formation of a real image of an object placed at a
distance ‘u’ in front of a concave mirror of radius of curvature ‘R’. Hence, obtain the relation
for the image distance ‘v’ in terms of u and R.
b) A 1.8m tall person stands in front of a convex lens of focal length 1 m, at a distance of
5m. Find the position and height of the image formed.
OR
(II) a) Draw a ray diagram showing refraction of a ray of light through a triangular glass prism.
Hence obtain the relation for the refractive index (n) in terms of angle of prism (A) and angle
of minimum deviation (m )
b) The radii of curvature of the two surfaces of a concave lens are 20 cm each. Find the
refractive index of the material of the lens if its power is -5.0 D.

7
 PRE-BOARD EXAM (2024-25)
SET-1
CLASS – XII
SUBJECT - PHYSICS
Maximum Marks: 70 TimeAllowed:3 hours
General Instructions

(1) There are 33 questions in all. All questions are compulsory.

(2) This question paper has five sections: Section A, Section B, Section C, Section D
and Section E.
(3) All the sections are compulsory.
(4) Section A contains sixteen questions, twelve MCQ and four Assertion Reasoning
based of 1 mark each, Section B contains five questions of two marks each,
Section C contains seven questions of three marks each, Section D contains two
case study-based questions of four marks each and Section E contains three long
answer questions of five marks each.
(5) There is no overall choice. However, an internal choice has been provided in one
question in Section B, one question in Section C, one question in each CBQ in
Section D and all three questions in Section E. You have to attempt only one of
the choices in such questions.
(6) Use of calculators is not allowed.
(7) You may use the following values of physical constants where ever necessary
c = 3 x 108 m/s me = 9.1 x10-31 kg mp=1.7x10-27kg e = 1.6 x 10-19 C µ0=4π
-7 -34 -12
x 10 Tm𝑨− h=6.63 x10 J s ε0= 8.854 x10 𝑪𝟐𝑵−𝟏𝒎−𝟐 Avogadro’s number
= 6.023 X 𝟏𝟎 per gram mole
𝟐𝟑

[SECTION – A] (16x1=16 marks)

Q1. Given Fig. shows electric field lines in which an electric dipole is placed as shown.
Which of the following statement is correct.

_q +q
(a) The dipole will not experience any force
(b) The dipole will experience a force towards right
(c) The dipole will experience a force towards left
(d) The dipole will experience a force upwards.

Q2.Two parallel infinite line charges with linear charge density +ƛ C/m and –ƛ C/m are
placed at a distance of 2R in free space. What is the electric field midway between the
two line charges.
(a) Zero (b) 2ƛ/ π Ɛ0 R N/C (c) ) ƛ/ π Ɛ0 R N/C (d) ƛ/ 2π Ɛ0 R N/C

Q3.When a potential difference V is applied across a conductor at temperature T, the

drift velocity of the electrons is proportional to

(a)T (b) √T (c) V (d) √V

Q4.A circular loop of conducting wire of radius ҅a᾿ carries a steady current I. The ratio
of magnitudes of the magnetic field at a point along its axis at distances ‘2a’ and ‘3a’
from its centre is

(a) 2:1 (b) 2√2:1 (c) √2: 1 (b)3:√2

Q5.The voltage across a resistor, an inductor and a capacitor connected in series to an

a..c. source are 20 V, 15 V and 30 V respectively. The resultant voltage in the circuit is

(a)5 V (b) 20 V (c) 25 V (d) 65 V

Q6. Correct match of column I with column II is

Column -l (waves) Column -ll (use)

(1) Infra-red P . Mobile communication

(2) Radio Q . Human eye
(3) Light R . Radar system
(4) Microwave S . Green Houses

(a) 1-P, 2-R, 3-S, 4-Q (b) 1-S, 2-P, 3-O, 4-R

(c) 1-Q, 2-P, 3-S, 4-R (d) 1-S. 2-R, 3-P, 4-Q

Q7.The wavelength of an electromagnetic wave is 500 nm. It’s frequency in free space
is-

(a)6 x 1014Hz (b) 3 x 1014 Hz (c) 3 x 1012 Hz (d)9 x 1012 Hz

Q8. Pencil in a beaker filled with water seems bent due to –

(a) Reflection (b) Refraction

(c) Diffraction (d) Total Internal Reflection

Q9.A thin convex lens of glass (n=1.5) has focal length+10 cm is immersed in water
(n=1.33). The focal length of lens in water is –.

(a) 12cm (b) 20 cm (c) 40 cm (d) 48 cm

Q10.In young's double slit experiment the separation between the slits is halved and the
distance between the slits and screen is doubled.The fringe width –

(a)Unchanged (b) halved (c) doubled (d) quadrupled

Q11.The distance of closest approach of an alpha particle is d when it moves with kinetic
energy ‘K’ towards a nucleus. Another alpha particle is projected with higher energy such
that the new distance of the closest approach is d/2. What is the kinetic energy of
projection of the alpha particle in this case?

(a) K /2 K (c) 2 K (d) 4K

Q12. The p-n junction diode is connected to a battery of e.m.f. 5.5 V and external
resistance 5.1 kΩ. The barrier potential in the diode is 0.4 V. The current in the circuit
is

(a) 1A (b) 1 mA (c) 2 mA (d) 0.08 mA

For Questions 13 to 16, two statements are given –one labelled Assertion (A) and
other labelled Reason (R). Select the correct answer to these questions from the
options as given below.

a) If both Assertion and Reason are true and Reason is the correct explanation of
Assertion.
b) If both Assertion and Reason are true but Reason is not the correct explanation of
Assertion.
c) If Assertion is true but Reason is false.
d) If both Assertion and Reason are false.
Q13. Assertion (A): The impedance offered by an ideal inductor to the flow of direct
current is zero.
Reason(R) : The frequency of direct current is zero.

Q14. Assertion (A):The Lyman series of hydrogen atom gives spectral line of
wavelength 258 nm .
Reason (R): The Lyman series in hydrogen atom lies in ultra violet region.

Q15. Assertion (A): The binding energy per nucleon for nuclei with atomic mass A>120
decreases with A..
Reason (R): The nuclear force are weak for heavier nuclei.

Q16. Assertion (A): The de Broglie wave length of an electron is greater than proton,
when both are moving with same speed.
Reason (R): de Broglie's wavelength of a particle is directly proportional to its linear
momentum. .

[SECTION – B] (5x2=10 marks)

Q17. An alpha-particle and a proton are accelerated from rest by the same potential.
Find the ratio of their de-Broglie wavelengths.
Q18. For a plano-concave lens of radius of curvature 10 cm, the focal length in air is 25
cm. Find the refractive index of the material of the lens.
OR

Light from a point source in air falls on a spherical glass surface (n = 1.5 and radius
of curvature = 10 cm). The distance of the light source from the glass surface is 100
cm. At what position the image is formed?

Q19. A straight wire of length 4 m carrying a current of 0.5 A can be turned into either
a square or a circular loop of 2 turns, before placing it in a magnetic field of intensity
0.1 T. Which loop do you think will require less counter torque in order to hold it in a
position such that the axis of the loop is perpendicular to magnetic field. Justify your
answer.
 Q20. Using the curve for the binding energy per nucleon as a function of mass number
A, state clearly how the release of energy in the processes of nuclear fission and nuclear
fusion be explained.
Q21. Two wires have same resistance. One is made of copper and other manganin. If
they are equally thick which of the two must be longer.

[SECTION – C ] (07x3=21 marks)

Q22. Two semiconductor materials A and B shown are made by doping germanium crystal
with arsenic and indium respectively. The two are joined end to end and connected
with battery. (a) Will the junction be forward biased or reverse biased . justify (b)
Sketch the VI graph for this arrangement.

Q23. Find the expression for the capacitance of a parallel plate capacitor of plate area A
and plate separation d when (I) a dielectric slab of thickness t and (II) a metallic
slab of thickness t, where (t < d) are introduced one by one between the plates of
the capacitor. In which case would the capacitance be more and why?

Q24. (I) Draw a ray diagram for the formation of image by a Cassegrain telescope.
(II)Why these types of telescopes are preferred over refracting type telescopes.
(Write 2 points)
Q25. (a) Explain the formation of depletion layer and potential barrier in a p-n junction.
(b) In fig input waveform is converted into output waveform by device X. Name
the device and draw its circuit diagram.
Q26. In a moving coil galvanometer. Why is it necessary to use (i) a radial magnetic
field and (ii) a cylindrical soft iron core in a galvanometer? Write the expression
for current sensitivity of the galvanometer. Can a galvanometer as such be used for
measuring the current? Explain.

Q27. A light ray entering a right-angled prism undergoes refraction at the face AC as
shown in Fig. 1.

(I) What is the refractive index of the

material of the prism in Fig. 1?

(II) (a) If the side AC of the above prism is now surrounded by a liquid of
refractive index 2/√3 shown in Fig. 2, determine if the light ray continues to
graze along the interface AC or undergoes total internal reflection or
undergoes refraction into the liquid.

(b) Draw the ray diagram to represent the path followed by the incident ray with
the corresponding angle values.

(Given, 𝑠𝑖𝑛

Q28. (a) Define electric flux and write its SI unit.

(b) Using Gauss theorem, derive an expression for the electric field due to an
infinitely long straight wire of linear charge density λ .

OR
 (a) State Gauss theorem in electrostatics

(b) Use Gauss theorem to obtain the expression for the electric field due to a
uniformly charged infinite plane sheet of charge of surface charge density σ

[SECTION D]
Case Study Based Question (2x4=08marks)

Q29.:

A point charge q (moving with a velocity v and located at r at a given time t) in the
presence of both the electric field E and magnetic field B. The force on an electric
charge q due to both of them can be written as F = q [ E + v xB ] = Fef + Fmf It is
called Lorentz force.
(i). If the charge q is moving under a field, the force acting on the charge depends on
the magnitude of field as well as the velocity of the charge particle, what kind of field
is the charge moving in?
(a) Electric field (b) Magnetic field (c) Both electric and magnetic field perpendicular
to each other (d) None of these
(ii). The magnetic force acting on the charge ‘q’ placed in a magnetic field will vanish
if (a) if v is small (b) If v is perpendicular to B
(c) If v is parallel to B (d) None of these
(iii). If an electron of charge –e is moving along +X direction and magnetic field is
along +Z direction then the magnetic force acting on the electron will be along
(a) + X axis (b) - X axis (c) –Y axis (d) +Y axis
(iv). The vectors which are perpendicular to each other in the relation for magnetic
 force acting on a charge particle are
(a) F and v (b) F and B (c) v and B (d) Both (a) and (b)

OR

A particle moves in a region having a uniform magnetic field and a parallel, uniform
electric field. At some instant, the velocity of the particle is perpendicular to the field
direction. The path of the particle will be
(a) A straight line (b) A circle
(c) A helix with uniform pitch. (d) A helix with non-uniform pitch

Q30. It is the phenomenon of emission of electrons from a metallic surface when light of a
suitable frequency is incident on it. The emitted electrons are called photoelectrons.

Nearly all metals exhibit this effect with ultraviolet light but alkali metals like lithium,
sodium, potassium, cesium etc. show this effect even with visible light. It is an
instantaneous process i.e. photoelectrons are emitted as soon as the light is incident
on the metal surface. The number of photoelectrons emitted per second is directly
proportional to the intensity of the incident radiation. The maximum kinetic energy of
the photoelectrons emitted from a given metal surface is independent of the intensity
of the incident light and depends only on the frequency of the incident light. For a
given metal surface there is a certain minimum value of the frequency of the incident
light below which emission of photoelectrons does not occur.

(i) In a photoelectric experiment plate current is plotted against anode potential.

(a) A and B will have same intensities while B and C will have different
frequencies
(b)B and C will have different intensities while A and B will have different
frequencies
 (c) A and B will have different intensities while B and C will have equal
frequencies
(d) B and C will have equal intensities while A and B will have same frequencies.

(ii) Photoelectrons are emitted when a zinc plate is

(a)Heated (b) hammered

(c) Irradiated by ultraviolet light (d) subjected to a high pressure

(iii) The threshold frequency for photoelectric effect on sodium corresponds to a

wavelength of 500 nm.
Its work function is about

(a) 4x10−19J (b) 1 J (c) 2x10−19 J (d) 3x10−19J

(iv) The maximum kinetic energy of photoelectrons emitted from a surface when photons
of energy 6 eV fall on it is 4 eV. The stopping potential is

(a) 2 V (b) 4 V (c) 6 V (d) 10 V

OR

The minimum energy required to remove an electron from a substance is called its

(a) work function (b) kinetic energy (c) stopping potential (d) potential energy

[SECTION E] (3X5=15)

Q31. (a) State the two Kirchhoff’s rules used in the analysis of electric circuits and explain
them.

(b) Two cells of emf E1 and E2 and internal resistances 𝑟1and 𝑟2 respectively are
connected in parallel as shown in the figure. Deduce the expression for :
 (i) equivalent emf of the combination.
(ii) equivalent internal resistance of the combination
(iii) potential difference between the points A and B.

OR

(a) Write two limitations of ohm’s law. Plot their I-V characteristics.

(b) A heating element connected across a battery of 100 V having an internal resistance
of 1 Ω draws an initial current of 10 A at room temperature 20.0 °C which settles after a
few seconds to a steady value. What is the power consumed by battery itself after the
steady temperature of 320.0 °C is attained? Temperature coefficient of resistance
averaged over the temperature range involved is
3.70 × 10–4 °C–1.

Q32. (a) State the working principle of an AC generator. With the help of a neat and labelled
diagram, explain its working and obtain the expression for the emf generated in the coil.

(b) An inductor L of reactance XL is connected in series with a bulb B to an ac source

as shown in the figure. Explain briefly how does the brightness of the bulb change

when

(i) number of turns of the inductor is reduced

(ii) an iron rod is inserted in the inductor.

OR

(a) With the help of a diagram, explain the principle of a device which changes a low ac
voltage into a high voltage . Deduce the expression for the ratio of secondary voltage to the
primary voltage in terms of the ratio of the number of turns of primary and secondary
winding. For an ideal transformer, obtain the ratio of primary and secondary currents in
terms of the ratio of the voltages in the secondary and primary coils.
 (b)Write any two sources of the energy losses which occur in actual transformers.

(c) A step-up transformer converts a low input voltage into a high output voltage. Does
it violate law of conservation of energy? Explain.

Q33. (a) State Huygens principle.

(b) A plane wavefront is incident obliquely from denser to a rarer medium. Draw suitable
Huygens construction for the same and hence deduce the Snell’s law of refraction
(c) Also show using the above that the frequency of the wave does not change with change
in the medium
OR

(a) Draw a labeled diagram of compound microscope when final image is formed at
least distance of distinct vision.

(b) A compound microscope consists of an objective lens of focal length 2.0 cm and
an eyepiece of focal length 6.25 cm separated by a distance of 15 cm. How far
from the objective should an object be placed in order to obtain the final image at
(a) the least distance of distinct vision (25 cm) and (b) infinity? What is the
magnifying power of the microscope in each case?