2022 8th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS)

Vehicle Detection and Collision Avoidance

System
1
Catherine Philip, 2D. Veera Vanitha, 3Keerthi. K
Department of ECE123,
School of Engineering, Avinashilingam Institute for Home Science and Higher Education for Women 123,
Coimbatore, India.
2022 8th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS) | 978-1-6654-0816-5/22/$31.00 ©2022 IEEE | DOI: 10.1109/ICACCS54159.2022.9785108

[email protected], [email protected], [email protected]

Abstract - Over past few decades in India, there is drastic In this paper, Chapter II explains the various related
increase in vehicle usage for conveyance. Increasement in works, Chapter III explains about the existing system,
vehicle usage for transportation routes to traffic congestion Chapter IV about the proposed system and Chapter V
and frequent road accidents. Usually not following traffic provides the conclusion.
rules and road abnormalities are the few reasons for
II. LITERATURE SURVEY
accidents. Vehicles encounter into collision due to error done
by the drivers and accident occurs due to bad weather The following papers presented below are the various
related situations. Irrespective of lot of current approaches towards vehicle collision and need for vehicle
improvements in technological inventions available for collision detection and avoidance system. These papers tell us
vehicle safety, increase in accidents occurs every day. Hence, the reason to implement the vehicle collision detection and
a suitable method for vehicle collision detection and avoidance system.
avoidance is essential. So, this literature survey impacts the L. Gaur and I. Rizvi., [5] developed and improved the
study on various approaches available towards and need for Vehicle Collision Avoidance System. The construction of a
vehicle collision detection and collision avoidance system. system including many characteristics was developed to
handle the seriousness of the clash that causes damages. The
Keywords--Vehicle safety;traffic; weather conditions; feature of tracking the vehicle taillights and to detect the alert
speed breaker;collision. signals were included as an important characteristic, it has the
added property to count the number of cars and to detect the
I. INTRODUCTION
obstacles. It comes with an added feature that can trace the
The preamble of Vehicle Collision Detection and number plate of the vehicle which is likely going to cause a
Avoidance Scheme has represented the upcoming possible accident.
remarkable bound in the vehicle safety technology. These The authors developed a system which is designed to
types of systems have spared no efforts to actively alert calculate the separation between the vehicle and the obstacle
drivers of an imminent collision occurrence and to allow (front object), it can also measure the distance of safety with
the driver some satisfactory time to take properremedial the help of current speed of the moving car. When the driver
executions to diminish or entirely evade the issue[1]. For exceeds the minimal safety separation with the obstacle in
the past few years various approaches for automobile
frontal to the moving vehicle, the system is programmed to
safety development is in progress. Some of the functions
alert the vehicle driver to delay the speed of the car so that
like airbags, seatbelts, etc., were established mainly for
clash could be avoided. If he flops to reduce the speed of the
saving lives and by passing critical accidents. Afterwards
vehicle, the proposed system would robotically start to reduce
various safety measures are used to avoid the accidents.
the speed and proceeds to stop the car[6].
The author discussed about methods to avert accidents
and to safeguard pedestrians[2]. Aiman Zakwan Jidin et al., [7] have Implemented an
Algorithm to prevent accidents. In this, the design is to detect
In worldwide vehicles play an important role in and also used to indicate a decelerating or a fixed object that
shipment. Due to road accidents traffic jams occur on the is too close and has a possibility of causing a collision and
road that causes major inconvenience to the people thus it alerts a possible collision that can occur. In this paper
travelling time. In hilly and foggy areas, the chance for
they have also presented a concept that can be used for
accidents to occur is more. Road accidents are due to the
vehicle anti-collision alert systems, this would be helpful to
drivers not being aware of the vehicles located or parked
prevent the event of collision that leads to accidents.
nearby[3].
Z. Hou and Y. Chen., [8] have designed a model in
The cars that are manufactured now a days have which they considered a real time system with the help of
advanced features such as safety systems and provides the Internet of Things technology. As their work, they have
capacity to the car that can with stand accidents without developed a collision revealing system which is based on the
causing damage to the driver or passengers within. Some TCP/IP protocol.
of the safety features are extremely expensive. Safety is a
top priority for all automobile manufacturers to provide Harish Kumar N et al., [9] designed a system in vehicles
features that could prevent accidents as long as cars with the help of ultrasonic sensor that is staged on a vehicle
remain on the road. [4]. which consist of a servo motor.

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 2022 8th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS)
That can be used to revolve from 0 to 180 degrees and in order to improve traffic safety and real-time vehicle
proceed to notify the driver about the information of the collisions can be detected.
gap available from the moving vehicle to the obstacle. To
keep an eye on the distance and to avoid a possible III. EXISTING WORK
collision with the obstacle a Graphical User Interface
The existing system was able to find moving and static
(GUI) is given to the driver who is present inside the
obstacles in front of the vehicle and thus, possible collision
vehicle. This procedure is done with the help of a distance
warning is given to the driver. In order to avoid the effect of
measurement sensor notably an ultrasonic sensor so that it
collision a forward-collision alert system provided with
could detect the distance and then the Arduino begins to
automatic braking may minimise the vehicle speed and
process it, so that the drivers are alerted and hence avoid
hence justifying the collision effect. This system was not
the possible accidents that could be fatal.
successful in real time applications because the controller
Tasneem Sanjana et al., [10] have designed the used in this did not receive any evaluation report (feedback)
Automated Anti-Collision System that is applied in as it lacks performance compared to higher bit
Automobiles. This paper concentrates in identifying microcontrollers. This is due to noise from the environment.
obstacles by using sharp distance sensors and then warns
the user who is present within a close distance where the
collision would occur. When the driver fails to prevent the
collision, the system automatically reduce the speed and
proceeds to stop the car by tracing the vehicle
continuously.
Authors designed and developed an intelligent online
fault monitoring and anti-collision system for electric
vehicle. Its main aim is to make the utmost use of the
technology advancement in sensors and multi-level
redundancy technique, in order to enrich the welfare of
electric or other vehicles and thus result in reduced risk of
road accident[11].
Anusha c and Dr. P. Venkataratnam, [12] had
designed the concept of Collision control and collision
avoidance using ultrasonic sensors. The model is designed Figure1: Block Diagram representation of Existing Method
measure the distance between the vehicle and obstacles
around it and to provide automatic braking. Pathway Figure 1 gives the pictorial representation of the existing
detection is also used to find whether the vehicle follows method. To validate the correctness of the vehicle tracking
the correct path. and distance measurement, an obstacle or vehicle in front of
the moving vehicle was considered target, and the distance is
The authors Alemayehu Wakjira and Ramesh Babu calculated and compared to the threshold value measured by a
Nallamothu., [13] designed and developed the system for laser sensor. It was observed that in this model, the error
moving vehicles which is able to identify the gap between grows when the gap between two vehicles is above 40 cm. As
two vehicles on the same pathway in the same direction the distance increases beyond certain limit this existing
and alarm the driver when the driver is in jeopardy range. method becomes little inefficient.
Shival Dubeyand Abdul Wahid Ansari., [14] have IV. PROPOSED WORK
proposed the Design and Development of Vehicle anti-
collision System using Electromagnet and Ultrasonic The proposed study can calculate the minimum gap
Sensors. This system is authentic, cost-efficient and fault needed for safety between the moving vehicle and the
bearable. These features authorize the vehicle anti- obstacle in front of it and also it calculates the safety distance
collision in the flexible control environment of moving vehicle depending upon its contemporary speed of
the vehicle. If there is no minimal safety distance with
S.P. Bhumkar et al., [15] have designed a model used obstacles around the moving vehicle, the audio alert system
to detect and avoid accident on highways. In this paper, (buzzer) will alert the driver to reduce the speed of vehicle so
the authors have described a model which is used to that the collision can be avoided. If the driver doesn’t reduce
identify any abnormal symptoms like tiredness in drivers the speed of vehicle, in this proposed method there is a
and control the speed of vehicles to avoid any fatal provision for automatic reduction in speed of the vehicle and
accidents. also stop before the clash takes place.
Y. Chen et al., [16] have proposed a real-time vehicle Figure 2 shows the block diagram of the proposed
safety system which includes different modules method. The block diagram of the hardware setup which is
substantiating the presentation. The performance used to identify and avoid any possible collision that could
measures certify that this proposed vehicle safety system occur, where ultrasonic sensor, infrared sensors are the input
provides better results. devices and buzzer for audio alert, LCD to display the
Y. Wang et al., [17] designed and developed a new output.PIC18F4520 Microcontroller, Ultrasonic sensor (HC
Vehicle collision warning system and collision detection SR04), Infra-red sensor (LM 393), Power supply, Motor
algorithm based on vehicle infrastructure integration. driver (IC L293D), Motor, LCD(HD44780) and buzzer are
the components used for the system. The PWM signal is

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 2022 8th International Conference on Advanced Computing and Communication Systems (ICACCS)
generated by the PIC18 microcontroller, which is forwarded [7] AimanZakwanJidin, Lim Siau Li and Ahmad FauzanKadmin,
to the L293D motor driver. It also generates the code to "Implementation of Algorithm for Vehicle Anti-Collision Alert
System in FPGA",International Journal of Electrical and Computer
control the speed of DC motor. Microcontroller has relatively Engineering, 2017, vol. 7, no. 2, pp. 775-783.
low voltage and DC motor has high voltage. So, a H-Bridge
[8] Z. Hou and Y. Chen, "A real time vehicle collision detecting and
present inside the L293D motor driver is used to convert the reporting system based on Internet of Things technology," 3rd IEEE
low voltage signal to high voltage signal. International Conference on Computer and Communications
(ICCC), Chengdu, China, 2017, pp. 1135-1139.
[9] Harish Kumar N, Deepak GandNagaraja J, "An IoT based Obstacle
Detection and Alerting System in Vehicles using Ultrasonic
Sensor", International Journal of Engineering Research &
Technology, 2017, vol.20, issue 20, pp.1-3.
[10] TasneemSanjana, Kazi Ahmed Asif Fuad, MehrabMasayeedHabib
and Ahmed Amin Rumel, "Automated Anti-Collision System for
Automobiles", International Conference on Electrical, Computer
and Communication Engineering (ECCE), Cox’s Bazar,
Bangladesh, 2017, pp.866-870.
[11] IkennaChinazaekpereIJEH and Mahmoud SHAFIK, "An Intelligent
Anti-Collision System for Electric Vehicles Applications",
Advances in Manufacturing Technology, Y.M. Goh and K. Case
(Eds.), IOS Press, 2016, pp.305-310.
[12] Anusha C and Dr. P. Venkataratnam, "Collision Control and
Collision Avoidance Using Ultrasonic Sensor", International Journal
Figure 2: Representation of the proposed method of Current Engineering and Scientific Research, 2015, vol.2, issue 7,
pp.218-223.
V. CONCLUSION [13] AlemayehuWakjira and Ramesh BabuNallamothu,
"Microcontrollers Based Rear-End Anti-Collision Warning System
Huge improvements have been made with regards to for Vehicles", Global Journal of Engineering, Design and
safety of the vehicle. Enhancements in different safety Technology, 2013, vol. 2, issue 6, pp.14-21.
methods available in vehicles decrease the rate of vehicle [14] ShivalDubeyand Abdul Wahid Ansari, "Design and Development of
collision. To ensure the safety of the vehicle, most of the Vehicle anti-collision System using Electromagnet and Ultrasonic
countries have been studying on automobile anti-collision Sensors", International Journal on Theoretical and Applied Research
in Mechanical Engineering, 2013, vol. 2, issue 1, pp.80-83.
technology in the recent years. From this survey it is clear
that the sensors are used to track the rate of speed of [15] S.P. Bhumkar, V.V. Deotare and R.V.Babar, "Accident Avoidance
and Detection on Highways", International Journal of Engineering
vehicle and in case of any breakdown occurs it will Trends and Technology, 2012, vol.3, issue 2, pp.247-252.
protect the vehicle from any damage. To provide a [16] Yongquan Chen, Yuandong Sun, Ning Ding, Wing Kwong Chung,
solution for this problem as a future work of this survey HuihuanQian, GuoqingXu, YangshengXu, "A real-time vehicle
can be done as vehicle detection and collision avoidance safety system, "IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System
system using PIC microcontroller, where the driver is Integration (SII), Fukuoka, Japan, 2012, pp. 957-962.
alerted by beep sound by calculating the distance that is in [17] Y. Wang, E. Wenjuan, D. Tian, G. Lu, G. Yu and Y. Wang,
between the vehicle and the obstacle. If the driver is "Vehicle collision warning system and collision detection algorithm
unable to stop the vehicle this system makes the ignition based on vehicle infrastructure integration," 7th Advanced Forum on
Transportation of China (AFTC 2011), 2011, pp. 216-220.
to be automatically turned off.
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