SOLID GEOMETRY

Nature of Solid Geometry

In Plane Geometry we are concerned with figures lying on a plane, studying their properties, relations and measurements of lengths and
areas. In Solid Geometry, we deal with figures both of two dimensions and three dimensions, studying also their properties, relations, and
measurements of their surface areas and volumes.

Solid Mensuration is concerned basically with the application of the theorems and principles of Solid Geometry to the determination of
the surface areas and volumes of solids. The formulas developed find wide and varied applications to manufacturing and the several
branches of engineering.
 Cost accounting of materials used in manufacturing a product requires knowledge of the volume or weight of the materials in
the product.
 In highway and railroad engineering, one must be able to calculate volumes of cut and fill needed to bring the foundation to
grade
 .In Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, volumes of chemicals and liquids have to be calculated.

These are but a few of the applications of Solid Mensuration.

PLANE GEOMETRY
A. POLYGONS
 General Polygon (n -sides)
 Sum of the interior angles S = 180(n-2)
 Number of diagonals =
 Regular polygons – equal sides and equal interior angles.
 Triangles (n=3)
 Perimeter = a + b + c
 Semi perimeter,
 Area:
 Given all sides: Heron’s Formula

 Given two sides and an included angle:

1
sin
2
 Given a side and a perpendicular distance from the opposite vertex: ℎ
 Lines of the triangle.
 Medians: Centroid
 Angle Bisector: Incenter
 Altitude: Orthocenter
 Perpendicular Bisectors: Circumcenter

 Radius of an inscribed circle:

 Radius of a circumscribing circle:

4 ∆
 SOLID GEOMETRY

• Radius of an escribed circle:

a tangent

tangent

 QUADRILATERALS (n =4)
 General Quadrilaterals:
 Area:
- Given the lengths of the diagonals and the angle between them: sin
- Given all sides and sum of opposite angles (E):
%
! "cos &

 CYCLIC QUADRILATERALS
 E = 180°
 (

 Radius of circumscribing circle:

) ) )
4 *+

 CIRCLES:

a d
: A B
c b

2: AB is the diameter of the

circle

A B
B
FOR SECANT – SECANT:
C
O 5 ; <5 = A
FOR TANGENT – SECANT:
∠ ?< ∠;?=
D
∠ D ; <5 =
E 2 E

SOLID GEOMETRY KEY POINTS:

 Similar Solids
, - 0
. / . /
, - 0

 Prismoidal Formula
1
0 (4 3 (
2

 Solids of Revolution (Pappus Theorem)

0 24 5 6 . /
360°

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO

 SOLID GEOMETRY

PROBLEMS:
1. Determine the length of the angular bisector from vertex A to side BC of triangle ABC if c= 14cm, a=28cm, and b=18cm.
2. ABCD is square. A point P is inside the square, which forms a triangle PDC an equilateral. Find the angle between sides AB and
PB.
3. A point O is inside an equilateral triangular lot ABC. Point O is 3m from A, 4m from B and 5m from C. Compute the area of
triangular lot in sq. m.
4. In triangle ABC, c=30, a=36 and b=18. Find the radius of the circle tangent to the side c and escribe outside the circle.
5. A right triangle is inscribed in a circle of radius 7.5cm. One of its sides is 15cm long and its area is 54 sq cm. Compute the
perimeter of the right triangle.
6. AB is a diameter of a circle. BC is a chord 10cm long. CD is another cord. Angle BDC=18°. What is the area of the circle?
7. Chords AB and CD intersect each other at O inside the circle. AO=8cm, CO=12cm and DO=20cm. If AB is the diameter of the
circle, compute the area of OCA.
8. A circular lake is located at a certain barangay in Tagaytay. An existing road runs tangential to a circular lake. Twelve kilometers
from the point of tangency, along the existing road, a new road of 8km length is constructed to the periphery of the lake at B.
The new road is extended to cross the lake. Compute the length of the bridge needed to cross the lake.
9. Triangle ABC is inscribed in a circle with angle B=82° and C=40°. Point M is the midpoint of arc AB. Determine the value of the
angle MAC.
10. Determine the area of a circle inscribed in a regular hexagon having an area of 240 sq cm.
11. Determine the area of a circle circumscribing a regular hexagon having an area of 240 sq cm.
12. Prove that: X
6 @A ; ;
B
6 @A BC B C
A

C Y

PREPARED BY: ENGR. JAEUS M. SEGUNDO