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Engineering Math-III Lectures, Vector Analysis

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8 views81 pages

Engineering Math-III Lectures, Vector Analysis

Uploaded by

Javeria Hussain
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Engineering Mathematics-III

Instructor: Dr. Saadia Mumtaz

Semester: 3rd
(Final Term Syllabus)
Course Contents:

Vector Analysis: Review of vector algebra; Dot and Cross


products of vectors; Scalar and vector point functions; Scalar triple
product, Vector triple product; Gradient of a function,
Divergence, curl; Gauss’s and Green’s Theorems; Orthogonal
curvilinear Co-ordinates.
Recommended Books:

1. Spiegel, M.R. (2009), “Vector Analysis”, 2nd Ed., McGraw–Hill Education.


2. Kreyszig, E. (2011), “Advanced Engineering Mathematics”, 10th Ed., John
Willey & Sons.
Part-III
Vector Analysis
___________________
I- Vector Differential Calculus.
Grad, Div, Curl
___________________
Vectors in 2-Space and 3-Space:
In engineering, physics, mathematics, and other areas we encounter two
kinds of quantities. They are scalars and vectors.

 A scalar is a quantity that is determined by its magnitude. It takes on a


numerical value, i.e., a number. Examples of scalars are time,
temperature, length, distance, speed, density, energy, and voltage.

 In contrast, a vector is a quantity that has both magnitude and


direction. We can say that a vector is an arrow or a directed line
segment. For example, a velocity vector has length or magnitude,
which is speed, and direction, which indicates the direction of motion.
A vector (arrow) has a tail, called its initial point, and a tip, called its
terminal point. A vector of length 1 is called a unit vector.
Vectors in 2-Space and 3-Space:
Vectors in 2-Space and 3-Space:
Vectors in 2-Space and 3-Space:

Length/Magnitude:
Vectors in 2-Space and 3-Space:
Vectors in 2-Space and 3-Space:
Vectors in 2-Space and 3-Space:
Vectors in 2-Space and 3-Space:
Vectors in 2-Space and 3-Space:
Vectors in 2-Space and 3-Space:
Vectors in 2-Space and 3-Space:
Vectors in 2-Space and 3-Space:
Vector (Cross) Product:
Vector (Cross) Product:
Vector (Cross) Product:
Vector (Cross) Product:

Example#2:
Vector (Cross) Product:
Scalar Triple Product:
This product gives a scalar.

In components, we have
Scalar Triple Product:
Scalar Triple Product:
Scalar Triple Product:
Gradient of a Function:

The “gradient” allows us to obtain vector fields from scalar fields with the operator
Gradient of a Function:

Example:
Gradient of a Function:
:
Divergence of a Vector Field:
Vector calculus owes much of its importance in engineering and physics
to the gradient, divergence, and curl. From a scalar field we can obtain a
vector field by the gradient. Conversely, from a vector field we can obtain
a scalar field by the divergence or another vector field by the curl.
Divergence of a Vector Field:

Continuity Equation:

 Flow of a Compressible Fluid. Physical Meaning of the Divergence.


Curl of a Vector Field:
Curl of a Vector Field:
Vectors in 2-Space and 3-Space:
Vectors in 2-Space and 3-Space:
Vectors in 2-Space and 3-Space:
Vectors in 2-Space and 3-Space:
Vectors in 2-Space and 3-Space:
Part-IV
Laplace Transformation
___________________
LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION

Notations:
LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION

Notations:
LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION
LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION
LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION
LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION
LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION
LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION
LAPLACE TRANSFORM
LAPLACE TRANSFORM
INVERSE TRANSFORM
INVERSE TRANSFORM
INVERSE TRANSFORM
INVERSE TRANSFORM
INVERSE TRANSFORM
INVERSE TRANSFORM
INVERSE TRANSFORM
LAPLACE TRANSFORM
Transform of Derivatives:
LAPLACE TRANSFORM
Transform of Derivatives:
LAPLACE TRANSFORM
LAPLACE TRANSFORM
LAPLACE TRANSFORM
LAPLACE TRANSFORM
LAPLACE TRANSFORM
LAPLACE TRANSFORM
LAPLACE TRANSFORM
LAPLACE TRANSFORM
TRANSFORMS OF DERIVATIVES
LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION
LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION
LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION
LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION
LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION
LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION
LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION
LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION
LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION
LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION
LAPLACE TRANSFORMATION

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