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Ray Optics Theory

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Ray Optics Theory

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shristyshukla16
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© © All Rights Reserved
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RAY OPTICS

Marks 2

Q.1) Draw a labeled ray diagram of a compound microscope and write an expression
for its magnifying power. (2008)

Q.2) Draw a labeled ray diagram of an astronomical telescope, in the normal


adjustment position and write the expression for its magnifying power. (2008)

Q.3) Define refractive index of a transparent medium.


A ray of light passes through a triangular prism. Plot a graph showing the variation
of the angle of deviation with the angle of incidence. (2009)

Q.4) Draw a neat labeled ray diagram of an astronomical telescope in normal adjustment.
Explain briefly its working. (2010)

Q.5) Draw a neat labeled ray diagram of a compound microscope. Explain briefly its
working. (2010)

Q.6) An object AB is kept in front of a


concave mirror as shown in the figure.
(i). Complete the ray diagram showing the
image formation of the object. F
(ii). How will the position and intensity of the image
be affected if the lower half of the mirror’s
reflecting surface is painted black? (2012)
Ans: -(ii). No change in position of image and its intensity will get reduced.

Q.7) Plot a graph showing the variation of the angle of deviation as a function of
angle of incidence. State the condition under which  is minimum. (2015)

Q.8) Find out the relation between the refractive index () of the glass prism and A
for the case when the angle of prism (A) is equal to the angle of minimum
deviation (m). Hence obtain the value of the refractive index for angle of prism
A = 60. (2015)
Ans: - µ = 2 cos (A/2), µ = √3

Q.9) A convex lens made of material of refractive index µ 2 is held in a medium of


refractive index µ1. Trace the path of parallel beam of light passing the lens when
(i). µ1 = µ2 , (ii). µ1 < µ2 (iii) µ1 > µ2 .
Ans -
Q.10) Prove that
(i) when ray of light moves from denser to rarer medium, it will bent away from
normal.
(ii) when ray of light moves from rarer to denser medium, it will bent towards
normal.

Q.11) Write the difference between objective and eyepiece of astronomical telescope
related to focal length and aperture.

Q.12) For a glass prism µ = √3, the angle of minimum deviation is equal to the angle of
the prism . Find the angle of prism..
𝐴+ m 𝐴 𝐴 𝐴 𝐴
Ans – µ = sin ( ) / sin( ) ; m = A ; µ = sin A / sin( ) = 2 cos ( 2 ) ; √3 / 2 = cos ( 2 ) ; A = 60
2 2 2

Q.13) A thin double convex lens of focal length ‘f’ is broken into two equal halves at
the axis. The two haves are combines as shown in figure. What is the focal length
of the combination.
(i). (ii).

Ans – (i). f1 = f and f2 = - f ; 1/ feq = 1/f - 1/f = 0 ; feq = ∞


(ii). 1/ feq = 1/f + 1/f = 2/f ; feq = f /2

Q.14) Define power of lens. Draw a graph showing the variation of power of lens with
wavelength of light.
Ans – P = 1/f, P

Q.15) Define the term angular dispersion. Draw the path of a ray of white light passing
through prism and mark angular dispersion on it.
Ans – Angular dispersion = V – R = 

Q.16) Explain how the optical fiber works by drawing the suitable diagram and
showing its various parts.

Q.17) Define critical angle and find its relation with refractive index of the medium.
Ans – sin ic = 1/µ

Q.18) Draw the ray diagram –


(i) to invert an image with deviation of rays through 1800.
(ii) To invert an image without deviation of rays.
using totally reflecting prism. Also write the angle of prism.
Q.19) Draw the ray diagram right for angled isosceles prism fore the following
condition :–
(a) to invert an image without deviation of ray.
(b) To deviate a ray through 900.
(c) To invert an image with deviation of rays through 1800.

Q.20) On which factors refractive index of the medium depends.


Ans – (a) Nature of medium (b) Wavelength ( α 1/λ ) (c) Temperature

Q.21) Why does white light disperse when passed through a glass prism?
Using lens maker's formula, show how the focal length of a given lens depends
upon the colour of light incident on it. (2015)
Ans – It is so because the refractive index of the glass of prism is different for different wavelengths.
1 1 1
= (2/1 – 1) (1/R1 – 1/R2) ; 𝑓 α  α 𝜆
𝑓

Q.22) Use the mirror equation to show that an object placed between f and 2f of a
concave mirror forms an image beyond 2f. (2017)
1 1 1
Ans – =𝑢 +𝑣 ; If u = – f then v = ꚙ ; If u = – 2f then v = – 2f ; Hence, –2f < v < ꚙ
𝑓

Q.23) Prove that light travelling inside the equilateral prism will be parallel to the base
of prism for minimum deviation condition.

Marks 3

Q.1) Write three distinct advantages of a reflecting type telescope over a refracting
type telescope. (2009, 2012)
Ans – Advantages of Reflecting Telescope over Refracting Telescope:
(a). Less chromatic aberration (b). Less spherical aberration
(c). High resolving power (d). High intense image

Q.2) A ray of monochromatic light is incident on one of the faces of an equilateral


triangular prism of refracting angle ‘A’. Trace the path of ray passing through the
prism. Hence derive an expression for the refractive index of the material of the
prism in terms of the angle of minimum deviation and its refracting angle. (F - 17)
𝐴+ δm 𝐴
Ans – µ = sin ( 2 ) / sin( 2 )
Q.3) Draw a labelled ray diagram of a refracting telescope. Define its magnifying power
and write the expression for it. Write two important limitations of a refracting
telescope over a reflecting type telescope. (2012)
Ans– Limitations :– (a). Reflecting type telescope is free from chromatic aberration.
(b). Resolving power of reflecting type telescope is greater than refracting telescope due to larger
aperture of mirror.
Q.4) A ray ‘PQ’ of light is incident on the face AB of a glass prism ABC (as shown in the
figure) and emerges out of the face AC. Trace the path of the ray. Show that

B C
i + e = A + where  and e denote the angle of deviation and angle
of emergence respectively. (2015)
Ans – i + e – A = 
Q.5) Derive the mirror formula when object is placed in front of convex mirror.
Q.6) Prove that angle of refraction inside the prism is half of angle of prism for
minimum deviation.
Q.7) Draw the ray diagram and derive the magnification of compound microscope when
final image is at least distance of distinct vision.

Q.8) Prove lens maker formula using appropriate symbols and draw suitable well labeled
ray diagram for it.
Q.9) Define the magnifying power of a compound microscope when the final image is
formed at infinity. Draw its well labeled ray diagram. Why must both the objective
and eyepiece of a compound microscope has short focal lengths ? Explain.

Q.10) Derive lens formula when object is placed between focus and centre of
curvature of a convex lens by drawing the suitable diagram.
OR
Derive lens formula when object is placed between focus and pole of a convex
lens by drawing the suitable diagram.

Q.11) Draw the ray diagram and derive the magnification of telescope when object is
at least distance of distinct vision.
Ans – M = f0 / fe (1 + fe/D)

Q.12) Draw the ray diagram and prove that the magnification of compound microscope
is the product of magnification produced by eyepiece and objective when final
image is at least distance of distinct vision.

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