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Quality

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sara Aydrous
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9 views

Quality

Uploaded by

sara Aydrous
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Quality MICRT Prof.Dr.

AboRAshad

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Quality MICRT Prof.Dr.AboRAshad

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The National Fire Protection Association (NFPA). The labels are diamond shaped,
and each quadrant has a different color: blue-health; red-flammability; yellow-
reactivity; and white-special information. The chemical is classified 0-4 (least
hazardous to most hazardous) in the areas of health, flammability, and reactivity

Risk Group 1 : a low risk to the individual laboratory worker and to members of the
community. They are unlikely to cause human or animal disease.
Examples include food spoilage bacteria, common moulds, and yeasts.
Risk Group 2 : a moderate risk to the laboratory worker and a limited risk to
members of the community. They can cause serious human disease but are not a
serious hazard. Effective preventive measures and treatment are available and the risk
of spread in the community is limited. Examples include staphylococci, streptococci,
enterobacteria (except Salmonella typhi), clostridia, vibrios, adenoviruses,
polioviruses, coxsackieviruses, hepatitis viruses, Blastomyces, Toxoplasma, and
Leishmania.

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Risk Group 3 : a high risk to the laboratory worker but a low risk to the community
should they escape from the laboratory. They do not ordinarily spread rapidly from
one individual to another. Again, there are effective vaccines and therapeutic materials
for most pathogens in this group.
Examples include Brucella, Mycobacterium tuberculosis, Salmonella typhi, Francisella,
Pasteurella pestis, many arboviruses, LCM virus, rickettsia, chlamydia, Coccidioides,
Histoplasma, human immunodeficiency viruses (HIV).
Risk Group 4 : a high risk to the laboratory worker and to the community. They can
cause serious disease and are readily transmitted from one individual to another.
Effective treatment and preventive measures are not usually available.
Examples include viruses of hemorrhagic fevers including Marburg, Lassa and Ebola,
equine and other encephalitis viruses, SARS virus, and certain

Basic laboratory, Level 1: This is the simplest kind and is adequate for work with
organisms in Risk Group 1.
Basic laboratory, Level 2: This is suitable for work with organisms in Risk Group
2. It should be clean and provide enough space for the workload and the staff, have
adequate sanitary facilities, especially for handwashing, and be equipped with an
autoclave. A biological safety cabinet is desirable.
Containment laboratory, Level 3: This is more sophisticated and is used for work
with organisms in Risk Group 3 e.g culture work. The principle is to remove from the
Basic laboratory those organisms and activities which are particularly hazardous
because they are the most likely to infect by the airborne route, ingestion, or injection
of very small numbers. The object is to expose as few people as possible to the risk
of infection.
The Containment laboratory is therefore a separate room with controlled access by
authorized staff only. It should be fitted with an appropriate biological safety cabinet.
Its ventilation should be arranged so that air flows into it from other rooms or
corridors and out to the atmosphere (e.g. through the filters of the safety cabinet) and
never in the reverse direction. This will prevent infectious aerosols which might be
released in the Containment laboratory from escaping into other areas.
Maximum Containment laboratory, Level 4: This is intended for work with
viruses in Risk Group 4, for which the most strict safety precautions are necessary.
These laboratories are usually separate buildings with strictly controlled access
through air locks and exit through decontaminant showers. They have pressure
gradients between their various rooms and all air from rooms and safety cabinets is
filtered twice before discharge to the atmosphere. All effluents from sinks, lavatories,
etc. are decontaminated before discharge into the public sewer. The staff of these
laboratories are specifically trained for the work they do.

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When tubes break in centrifuges, great clouds of aerosols may be dispersed


over wide areas. It is usually obvious from the noise that a tube has broken or a
bucket has failed. The motor should be switched off and the staff should leave the
room for 30 minutes to allow most of the aerosols to settle or to be removed by
natural ventilation. An experienced technician, wearing rubber gloves, should then
remove the buckets and debris for autoclaving and swab out the bowl of the centrifuge
with a suitable disinfectant
Spilled material and broken culture vessels should be covered with a cloth soaked in
disinfectant, left for 30 minutes, and then cleared up using a metal dust pan and stiff
cardboard. These, and the debris should then be autoclaved. Alternatively disinfectant
granules can be applied which are able to disinfect the spillage in a shorter time Rubber
gloves should be worn for the clearing up operation.
BIOLOGICAL SAFETY CABINETS
Class I and Class II cabinets are used in diagnostic and containment laboratories
for work with Risk Group 3 organisms. Class III cabinets are used almost
exclusively for Risk Group 4 organisms
Chlorine releasing disinfectants are highly active against viruses but poorly active
against mycobacteria, whereas phenolic agents are effective against mycobacteria but
poorly active against viruses
Alcohols
Ethanol and propanol at 70–80% v/v concentration in water are useful for disinfecting
skin and surfaces.
formaldehyde gas is used to decontaminate safety cabinets.
glutaraldehyde is used mainly to disinfect metal surfaces, e.g. instruments and
centrifuge.
Reports
All patient records should be maintained for at least 2 years. In reality, records
should be maintained for at least 10 years because they may be needed to support
medical necessity in the event of a post payment billing audit by the Centers for
Medicare and Medicaid Services.

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1- What you doing if Tube broken in centrifuge?


a- Switch off the centrifuge but do not open it immediately.
b- Allow at least 30 minutes for the droplets to settle.
c- Wearing protective rubber gloves, remove and decontaminate the bucket and
debris by autoclaving or boiling.
d- Use forceps to dispose of the glass safely.
e- Clean the centrifuge rotor and bowl with a suitable disinfectant( 10% bleach
solution (one part bleach to nine parts water) . Exterior of the centrifuge
should be disinfected weekly Interior should be disinfected monthly.

2- Which disinfectant use in decontamination of work surface?


a- 2500 ppm chlorine disinfectant to decontaminate work surfaces at the end of
each day.
b- Use 5% phenol disinfectant or phenol solution on benches which may be
contaminated with mycobacteria.
c- Phenolics are non-corrosive. They are often used for wiping bench surfaces
and floors and when chlorine products cannot be used because of their
corrosiveness used at 2–5% v/v concentration Dilutions should not be kept for
more than 24 hours
3- How to check Autoclave?
a- Thermocouple Use of TST control strips
b- The Albert Browne TST sterilizer control strips Browne’s indicator tubes
Adhesive sterilization tape
4- What do you doing in If there is serious bleeding from a limb?
bleeding. – apply pressure with a clean dressing backed with cotton wool bandage the
dressing in position. – immediately seek medical assistance Bleeding from the nose –
seat the person upright with the head slightly forward their nose for about 10 minutes
and breathe through their mouth tell the person to pinch firmly the soft part of if the
bleeding does not stop, seek medical advice –
5- Emergency treatment when someone is electro cuted?
immediately turn off the electricity from the mains if it can be reached easily, otherwise
remove the plug or wrench the cable free. DO NOT TOUCH THE PERSON’S FLESH
WITH YOUR HANDS until the contact has been Broken Important: On no account
try to free an electrocuted person from the electrical contact without using some
form of insulation material, such as a dry thick cloth, folded laboratory coat, folded
newspapers, wooden or plastic stool or chair. If insulation is not used, the person
rescuing will also be electrocuted. – if the person has collapsed, send immediately for
medical help and if the person is not breathing, give artificial respiration until assistance
arrives Cool any burns with water

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