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Internship report

Bachelor of business administration (Hindustan Institute of Technology and Science)

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INTRODUCTION

The textile Industry in India has been pioneer industry. India has a long and rich tradition of
providing variety of textile. The textile industry is the second largest industry of agriculture
in terms of person employment. Besides generating employment it also earns the national
substantial foreign exchange which accounts for nearly one-third of India’s total foreign
exchange earnings. India has the largest cotton acreage of million hectares and is the third
largest producer of cotton fiber. It ranks fourth in terms of staple fiber and sixth among the
filament yarn production. The country accounts for about one fourth of global trade in cotton
yarn. India has a 3.28 % share in world clothing trade. Over 40% of the India’s textile export
consists of apparel.

Textiles can be made from many materials. These materials come from four main
Sources like animal wool, silk, plant cotton, flax, jute, mineral asbestos, glass fibre, and
Synthetic nylon, polyester, acrylic. In the past, all textiles were made from natural fibres,
including plant, animal, and mineral sources. In the 20th century, these were
supplemented by artificial fibres made from petroleum. Textiles are made in various
strengths and degrees of durability, from the finest gossamer to the sturdiest canvas

Globalization and increasing purchasing power within the country have seen the fashion
industry’s growth at 35% per annum. Among the various segment home textile products have
witnessed fast growth. India is the important supplier of home textiles. The home textile
market in India is estimated to be 37,000 crore and is growing at over 13 percent annually.
India is home for some of the world’s biggest producers in the segment like Welspun (third
largest towel producer), Trident (largest terry towel producer) and Dicitex (Fifth largest
furnishing fabrics producer).

Tirupur is also known as the knitwear capital of India, accounting for 90% of India's cotton
knitwear export. It has spurred up the textile industry in India for the past three decades. It
contributes to a huge amount of foreign exchange in India. In the Fiscal year 2013, exports
were ₹17,500. The city provides employment to around 400,000 workers, with the average
salary per worker being around ₹ 9,000 per month.

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Special Industrial Parks have been developed to support the textile industry. Nethaji Apparel
Park, Tirupur Export Knitwear Industrial Complex, SIDCO Industrial Estate and J.S.Apparel
Park are a few that are operational. Nethaji Apparel Park has 53 companies manufacturing
knitwear for exports. The NAP presently provides employment to 15,000 people and
generates export revenue of Rs. 15 billion from the apparels produced in it. Tirupur Export
Knitwear Industrial Complex was established in 1992 and has 189 sheds built over a 4200
square feet area. Some of the world’s largest retailers including C&A, Nike,Walmart,
Primark, Adidas, Switcher, Polo, Ralph Lauren, Diesel, Tommy Hilfiger, M&S, FILA, H&M,
Reebok import textiles and clothing from Tirupur.

Market Size

The Indian textiles industry, currently estimated at around US$ 108 billion, is expected to
reach US$ 223 billion by 2021.The Indian textile industry has the potential to reach US$ 500
billion in size according to a study by Wazir Advisors and PCI Xylenes & Polyester. The
growth implies domestic sales to rise to US$ 315 billion from currently US$ 68 billion. At the
same time, exports are implied to increase to US$ 185 billion from approximately US$ 41
billion currently. Indian exports of locally made retail and lifestyle products grew at a
compound annual growth rate (CAGR) of 10 per cent from 2013 to 2016, mainly led by
bedding bath and home decor products and textiles.

Leading Textile Mills in India

1. Raymond Ltd., Mumbai

2. Grasim Industries Ltd., Nagda
3. DCM Textiles, New Delhi
4. S. Kumars, Kolkata
5. Reliance Industries, Ahmadabad
6. Mafatlal Industries, Mumbai

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COMPANY PROFILE

‘Yes Yes Tex’ was found in the year 2014 as a partnership firm. They are one of the leading
contractors in knitting manufacturing and exporters for the last four years. firm. They are now
one of the fast growing and leading knitters in Tirupur with a turnover of nearly 15 crore a year.
YES YES Tex was founded by four friends working in a textile company and who later decided
to start their own manufacturing unit with the name YES YES Tex. Mr.Saravana Kumar,
Saravana Prakash, Sounder Raj and Prakash are the proprietors and partners of the company.

They have their own knitting, Washing and dying unit and a contractor for printing. They work
on all types of knitting garments like T shirts, Denim, kid’s styles; they also have the different
style of washing garments (acid wash, stone wash, and denim wash). They are specialized for
embellishment work. Yes Yes Tex production capacity is 1500kg per month. They have well set
up communication for raw materials and processing suppliers. Their main motive is on time
delivery, quality continuously improving in work and satisfying the customers.

VISION

To attain customer satisfaction by delivering nothing but the best, by means of utilizing the
highest quality of resources and world-class systems

MISSION

Yes Yes Tex is committed to the consistent upliftment and improvement of both its products
and its responsibilities towards its employees. Striving hard to achieve highest levels of
customer satisfaction through timely deliveries along with enhanced quality and value of all
our products.

QUALITY

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Yes Yes Tex is an ISO 9001:2000 certified company. It follows international standard quality.

INFRASTRUCTURE

Yes Yes Tex Pvt ltd is located in Tirupur, Tamil Nadu. The total built up of 2000 sq meters
apart from this the company directly employees over 80 and 50 are outside agents of the
company. Contemporary technology and state of the infrastructure make the difference in
providing an environment which has high level performance. This company is well equipped
with complete technology and safe environment for the employees to work effectively.

TECHNOLOGY

Yes Yes Tex’s policy is to make sure that the products are tested to comply with the material
requirements of the customer and the end users. They use the service of the best testing labs.
They check the materials and the reports are as per various parameters defined by the
customers and approve the materials.

MACHINARY USED

The company has invested around 50 Lakhs on knitting machinery where they use 7 machines
24/7 for knitting and 3 for fabric. The company uses the circular knitting machine which is
widely used throughout the knitting industry to produce fabric. This machine can be built in
almost any reasonable diameter. It’s done using a set of four or five double pointed needles.

PRODUCT PROFILE

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Yes Yes Tex manufactures all types of Knit and woven like corporate wear, Organic &
Mercerized wear, promotional & event precuts, etc.

MEN’S WEAR

 Casual wear

 T-shirts

 Polo-shirts

 Jackets.

WOMEN’S WEAR

 Casual wear

 Sweaters

 Jackets.

PRODUCT RANGE

Types of Yarn being used to manufacture a wide range of men’s and women’s wear are
compact cotton, combed cotton, mercerized cotton, nylon, cotton slub, space dyed cotton,
cotton thick and thin blended boucle.

Types of Embroidery done by them are Machine embroidery, Hand work, Beads work, Needle
punches Embroidery. Various Kinds of Knit Structure: Plain Jersey, Jacquard, pointless,
cables, transfer, fancy structure, etc.

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COMPETITORS

To prepare an effective marketing strategy a company must consider its competition as well as
its actual and potential customers, which is especially in slow growth and winning them from
compotators. There are many competition of YES YES Tex in and outside Tirupur region.
Most of the competitors are collaborated with foreign companies and are functioning as an
MNC some of them are:

 Aviram knitters

 Rajpriya Exports

 UK Textiles

 CCZ Knitters

 Sriyansh Knitters exports of fashion appeals

 JS Knitting and Exports Pvt. Ltd.

 Anmol Knitters

 Plucky Knitters

 Texcity Apparels

 Eswari Knitting

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 Knitters Nightmare

 Desi Knitters

 Euro Impex

TOP CUSTOMERS

 Scorpion Bay

 Old Khaki

 S Oliver

 DRM TM

 DELIKA

 Name It

 Clippers San Diego

 Lumberjack

ORGANISATIONAL CHART

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Director

General Manager

Human
Production Marketing Finance
Resource
Department Department Depatment Development

Quality Control Customer Accounts Recruting

Department Relations Department Department
Department

Inventory Purchase Office

Department Support

Production
Planning

Workers

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FUNCTIONAL DEPARTMENTS

Every organization is made up of different departments. Each department contributes to the

running of the business. The most common departments are:

Purchase Department

Production Department

Sampling Department

Stores Department

Export Department

Finance Department

Human Resource Department

4.1 PRODUCTION DEPARTMENT

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The production department is responsible for converting inputs into outputs through the
stages of production process. The Production Manager is responsible for making sure that
raw materials are provided and made into finished goods effectively. He or she must make
sure that work is carried out smoothly, and must supervise procedures for making work more
efficient and more enjoyable. The following are steps in Production Department.

RECEIVING FABRIC

Garment factories receive fabric from overseas textile manufacturers in large bolts with
cardboard or plastic centre tubes or in piles or bags. The fabric typically arrives in steel
commercial shipping containers and is unloaded with a forklift. Garment factories often have
a warehouse or dedicated area to store fabric between arrival and manufacturing.

FABRIC RELAXING

“Relaxing” refers to the process that allows the material to relax and contract prior to being
manufactured. This step is necessary because the material is continually under tension
throughout the various stages of the textile manufacturing process, including weaving,
dyeing, and other finishing processes. The relaxing process allows fabrics to shrink so that
further shrinkage during customer use is minimized.

Garment manufacturers perform the relaxing process either manually or mechanically.

Manual fabric relaxing typically entails loading the bolt of fabric on a spinner and manually
feeding the material through a piece of equipment that relieves tension in the fabric as it is
pulled through. Mechanical fabric relaxing performs this same process in an automated
manner.

Many garment manufacturers will also integrate quality assurance into this process to ensure
that the quality of the fabric meets customer standards. This step is performed by manually
spot-checking each bolt of fabric using a backlit surface to identify manufacturing defects

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such as colour inconsistency or flaws in the material. Fabrics that fail to meet customer
standards are returned to the textile manufacturer.

SPREADING, FORM LAYOUT, AND CUTTING

After the fabric has been relaxed, it is transferred to the spreading and cutting area of the
garment manufacturing facility. The fabric is first to cut into uniform plies and then spread
either manually or using a computer-controlled system in preparation for the cutting process.
The fabric is spread to:

o allow operators to identify fabric defects;

o control the tension and slack of the fabric during cutting; and
o Ensure each ply is accurately aligned on top of the others.
The number of plies in each spread is dependent on the fabric type, spreading method, cutting
equipment, and size of the garment order.

Next, garment forms—or patterns—are laid out on top of the spread, either manually or
programmed into an automated cutting system. Lastly, the fabric is cut to the shape of the
garment forms using either manually operated cutting equipment or a computerized cutting
system.

LAYING

Laying of paper pattern helps one to plan the placement of the pattern pieces in a tentative
manner.

 Lay large pieces first and then fit in the smaller ones
 It is very economical in laying the pattern and cutting. Even a small amount of
material saved in a single layer will help to bring about a large saving of money as
hundreds of layers of fabric will be laid and cut simultaneously.
 When laying, the length of the garment should be parallel to the selvedge of the
material. Be sure the pattern is placed in the correct grain. Fabrics drape and fall
better on the lengthwise grain and also last longer.
 Parts that have to be placed on the fold should be exactly on the edge of the fold.
 All laying should be done on the wrong side of the material.

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 When laying the paper pattern, consider the design of the fabric. Care should be taken
to see that the design runs in the same direction throughout the garment. All checks
and strips should match the seams both lengthwise and across.60

MARKING

o The marker planner uses full-size patterns and arranges them in an economical
manner on marker paper.
o This is a specially printed paper having symbols on it which enable the marker
planner to visually control the positioning of components according to specified
grain lines.
o Markers produced on paper are fixed to fabric with pins, staples or on an
adhesive paper which is heat sealed to the top layer of the fabric.
o Marker planning provides details of the spreads. In the cutting room, the fabric is
laid manually or a spreading machine is used to arrange fabric inlays 100
(layers) and markers for the production, any in orders planned. Here planning is
done also for fusible, linings, trims, pocketing etc.
o The supervisors of marker planner plan and allocate the cut orders to various
operations to be carried out in the cutting room.

CUTTING

This is the major operation of the cutting room when they spread and cut into garments. Of
all the operations in the cutting room, this is the most decisive, because once the fabric has
been cut, very little can be done to rectify serious defects.

o A first planning consideration is whether the totals arrived at in the cutting room
are the same as those required to maintain full production in the sewing room
and subsequently the planned delivery schedule. Any cloth problems created in
the cutting room can affect the output in the sewing room. Assuming all
components of fabric, design, and trims are acceptable and correctly planned and
cut, the next stage is to extend the cutting room programme to the sewing room.
o All cutting operations are carried out by straight knife cutting machines.

EMBROIDERY AND SCREEN PRINTING

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Embroidery and screen printing are two processes that occur only if directly specified by the
customer; therefore, these processes are commonly subcontracted to off-site facilities.
Embroidery is performed using automated equipment, often with many machines
concurrently embroidering the same pattern on multiple garments. Each production line may
include between 10 and 20 embroidery stations. Customers may request embroidery to put
logos or other embellishments on garments.

Screen printing is the process of applying paint-based graphics to fabric using presses and
textile dryers. Specifically, screen printing involves sweeping a rubber blade across a porous
screen, transferring ink through a stencil and onto the fabric. The screen printed pieces of
fabric are then dried to set the ink. This process may have varying levels of automation or
may largely be completed at manually operated stations. Like embroidery, screen printing is
wholly determined by the customer and may be requested to put logos or other graphics on
garments or to print brand and size information in place of affixing tags.

SEWING

Stitching or sewing is done after the cut pieces are bundled according to size, colour and
quantities determined by the sewing room.

Garments are sewn in an assembly line, with the garment becoming complete as it progresses
down the sewing line. Sewing machine operators receive a bundle of cut fabric and
repeatedly sew the same portion of the garment, passing that completed portion to the next
operator. For example, the first operator may sew the collar to the body of the garment and
the next operator may sew a sleeve to the body. Quality assurance is performed at the end of
the sewing line to ensure that the garment has been properly assembled and that no
manufacturing defects exist. When needed, the garment will be reworked or mended at
designated sewing stations. This labour-intensive process progressively transforms pieces of
fabric into designer garments.

 The central process in the manufacture of clothing is the joining together of

components.
 Stitching is done as per the specification is given by the buyer.
 High power single needle or computerized sewing machines are used to complete the
sewing operation. Fusing machines for fusing collar components, button, and

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buttonhole, sewing machines for sewing button and buttonholes are specifically
employed.

CHECKING

It is realistic to assume that however well checking or quality control procedures operate
within a factory there will always be a certain percentage of garments rejected for some
reason or other. The best way to carry out quality checks is by

o Establishing a standard as a criterion for measuring quality achievement.

o Production results can be measured and compared to the planned quality
standard.
o Corrective measures to be carried out if there are any deviations in the plans.
Ideally, any system should detect possible deviations before they occur through forecasting.
Work produced with minus defects will produce quality products, enhance economy and
productivity.

SPOT CLEANING AND LAUNDRY

In addition to identifying manufacturing defects, employees tasked with performing quality

assurance are also looking for cosmetic flaws, stains, or other spots on the garment that may
have occurred during the cutting and sewing processes. Spots are often marked with a sticker
and taken to a spot-cleaning area where the garment is cleaned using steam, hot water, or
chemical stain removers.

Some customers request that a garment be fully laundered after it is sewn and assembled;
therefore, garment factories often have on-site laundry or have subcontract agreements with
off-site laundry operations. Commercial laundry facilities are equipped with at least three
types of machines: washers, spinners, and dryers. Some facilities also have the capability to
perform special treatments, such as stone- or acid-washing.

Laundering is done by highly sophisticated washing machines if any articles are soiled during
the manufacturing process. However, this step is required only if the garments are soiled.

FUSING AND PRESSING

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Fusing and pressing are two processes which have the greatest influence on the finished look
of a garment. Fusing creates the foundation and pressing put the final seal of quality on the
garment.

After a garment is fully sewn and assembled, it is transferred to the ironing section of the
facility for final pressing. Each ironing station consists of an iron and an ironing platform.
The irons are similar looking to residential models but have steam supplied by an on-site
boiler. Workers control the steam with foot pedals and the steam is delivered via overhead
hoses directly to the iron. In most facilities, the ironing platforms are equipped with a
ventilation system that draws steam through the ironing table and exhausts it outside the
factory.

The basic components of pressing are:

 Steam and heat are necessary to relax the fabric and make it pliable enough to be
moulded by manipulation.
 Pressure: when the cloth has been relaxed by steam, the pressure is applied which
sets the fibres into their new positions.
 Drying: After the application of steam and pressure, the component or garment must
be dried and cooled so that cloth can revert to its normal condition. This is done by a
vacuum action which removes surplus water from the fabric and at the same time
cools it. For some pressure operations hot air or infrared heating is used instead of
vacuum for drying;

Machinery used for pressing and finishing are:

o Hand irons with a vacuum press table

o Scissors press
o Carousel machines
o Steam dolly

PACKAGING AND SHIPPING

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In the last steps of making a product retail-ready, garments are folded, tagged, sized, and
packaged according to customer specifications. Also, garments may be placed in protective
plastic bags, either manually or using an automated system, to ensure that the material stays
clean and pressed during shipping. Lastly, garments are placed in cardboard boxes and
shipped to client distribution centres to eventually be sold in retail stores.

Most garments are packed in plastic bags, either at the end of production or when they enter
the finished goods store. Products like shirts are usually bagged and boxed directly after final
inspection and enter the stores in pre-packed form. For these and similar types of products,
many automatic machines are used.

Other hanging garments such as Jackets, dresses & skirts are usually bagged by manual
machines, semi-automatic machines, and fully automatic machines. Some of these automatic
machines bag, seal, and transport in trolly; some 500 garments per hour.

When the boxed or hanging garment has to be transported in bulk the garment or boxes are
packed into cartons which can be sealed by adhesive paper or plastic Manual and automatic
machines are available for both.

PRODUCTION PROCESS

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Raw
Sewing Ironing Shipment
Material

Knitting Embroidery Inspection Port

Fabric Bundling Folding Container

PURCHASE DEPARTMENT

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In Yes Yes Tex yarn is purchased from Coimbatore and Tirupur region. All the yarn and other
materials purchased are stored in the stores department. The job of purchasing is entrusted
with efficient purchasing department headed by the purchasing manager in large concern like
exports. In this concern purchase department performs the following functions:

 Yarn Purchase
 Other products are label, button, elastic, tag, polybag etc., purchases of materials
are done after the following process
 Material and equipment purchase bill adhering to the company purchasing policy.
 Studying the market for pieces trends and delivery times and maintaining records
of source of materials, etc.
 Buying materials at lower cost consistent with good service and quality required
by the company.
 Avoiding waste while maintaining the lower possible outlay on stock and
consistent with the making of materials needed for production as and when
required.

ORDER SOURCING

It is the process of placing an order for production. The idea to be placed is mainly from
outside the company. The order sourcing is mainly of two ways.

1. Direct Method - Visiting the buyers in foreign countries.

2. Indirect Method- Order sourcing is made through buying agent.

According to Yes Yes Tex the main order source is from Japan, Denmark, United States of
America, Australia, United Kingdom, Taiwan and Latin America. After the order is sourced
an invoice is prepared called Proforma Invoice Proforma Invoice contains the details
regarding quantity, i.e. Number of pieces, various sizes required any specific description,
label position, color, prints, measurements etc.

SAMPLING DEPARTMENT

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In an export company of home textile, the sampling section plays a very important role. For
getting new buyers and placing new order sampling is the only way to show their quality and
performance to the buyers. By sampling they will be ready to place order with the concern.
In each unit there will be separate section for sampling. Here they produce samples and they
send samples to buyers in order to confirm the order.

The exporter has to contact the buying office for further information like number of pieces
etc., The exporters have to submit his proposal in the buying office, regarding his consent in
taking an order. The buyer office manager will visit or inspect the company regarding
manufacturing facilities and all other equipments available for production.

If the buying officers are satisfied regarding the facilities, they will issue an order form. After
receiving the order form, the exporters will have to forward the price quotation to the buying
office. In negotiating with the buyer, the final price quotations and terms of payments will be
decided.

DETAILS ATTACHED TO THE SAMPLING GARMENT

 Reference Number
 No. of pieces
 Style no / Size
 Description
 Label position
 Color
 Prints
 Measurements
Then this department will pass the order to the production department, mentioning the due
date for manufacturing sample pieces. The production department will prepare the work
schedule and finishes the work within the due date.

WORKFLOW OF THE SAMPLING DEPARTMENT

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Sample requisition
sent by merchandiser

Pattern are made as

per PO

Fabric, accessories
etc., Issued

Cutting

Embroidery

Sewing

Button attachment

Washing

Measurement
checking

Alteration (if any )

Thread cutting

Spotting

Ironing

Packing

4.2 SALES AND MARKETING DEPARTMENT

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 Sales Department is responsible for the sales and distribution of the products to the
different regions.
 Research Department is responsible for market research and testing new products to
make sure that they are suitable to be sold.
 Promotion Department decides on the type of promotion method for the products,
arranges advertisements and the advertising media used.
 Distribution Department transports the products to the market.

PROCEDURE FOR SALES

Based on the purchase order received from the buyer, the goods are produced according to
their list been sent. The order will be into account and the goods will be produced only after
L.C (Letter of Credit) is received. The buyer will send the following details as price, date,
quality, place of dispatch, port of origin, port of destination, final destination, name of the
ship, goods description etc. After the goods are dispatched the following documents are
submitted to the buyer’s bank through company’s bank. The documents are invoice, packing
list, bill of lading, bill of exchange, transport insurance etc.

After all documents are sent to buyers bank verification will take place there and the cash will
be transferred to the company’s bank. The cash will be received in the bank before the goods
are delivered.

TRANSPORT DOCUMENTS

 Shipping Order S/O

 Dock Receipt (or) Mates receipt
 Bill of Lading
 Sea Waybill
 Air Way bill (AWB)
 Shipping Guarantee
 Packing List

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FINANCIAL DOCUMENTS

 Documentary Credit
 Standby Credit
 Collection Instruction
 Bill of Exchange
 Trust Receipt
 Promissory Note

GOVERNMENT DOCUMENTS

 Certificate of Origin
 Certificate of Origin Generalized System of
 Preferences (GSP)
 Import / Export declaration
 International import certificate
 Delivery Verification Certificate
 Landing Certificate
 Customs Invoice

FINAL INSPECTION

Inspection is the process of examining materials, products to determine acceptability against

a standard and to accumulate information about product quality.

PURPOSE
 To identify whether products have been made according to specifications.
 To determine whether products meet standards.
 To determine whether products are acceptable
 Some firms use quality control systems that depend upon 100% inspection of
finished products.

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MARKETING PROCESS

Identify
Customers

Delivery Enquiry Review

Documents

Shipment Quotation

Documentation Negotiation

Receive
Contract Review
Purchase Order

Payment Terms

PACKING DEPARTMENT

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It is responsible for pressing and packaging garments in poly bags and cartons according to
their colors and sizes as given in the order details. The pressing section consists of five
pressing tables. The employees are experienced in almost all pressing, folding and packaging
methods which vary according to the garment types and the fabric construction. Moreover
they are familiar with sorts of packaging techniques such as flat packaging (or) hanger
packaging and can easily adapt with new packaging method.

Some common types of packaging includes shipping cartons, containers, for industrial goods
and bags, boxes, cans and other holders for consumer product packing is of great importance
to both sellers and buyers of products. It can prevent spoiling, breakage, tempering of theft.

The average over all production rate of this department is approximately 5000 pressed and
packaged garments per shift, 8 hours, which may vary according to the garments type, size
and packing methods.

All stock orders placed by 2pm EST, Monday-Friday will be processed and shipped within 2-
5 working days. Orders placed Saturday & Sunday (or) holidays will be processed on the next
working day. Orders will ship standard ground unless express delivery is specified.

Shipping Method Order Processing Actual Ship Time Total Order delivery
Time period
Standard ground 2-5 business days 3-7 business days 4-12 business days

STORES DEPARTMENT

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It is responsibility of the stores keeper to keep stock of all the necessary items, at the time of
requirement. There are two stores department in the company. One is to store the raw
materials. The store keeper maintains the record of the raw material coming into the stores
and also the raw materials taken for production purpose from the stores.

The other stores are to keep all finished goods given by the production department. The
goods are kept in the sores until it is delivered. The store keeper is the same for both the
stores in order to avoid confusion. Here in the stores department proper security is maintained
against theft and other damages.

RECEIVING FABRIC ROLL

Woven fabrics are supplied in roll package. Once these rolls of fabric are delivered the store
in-charge receives the incoming consignment. This is the first phenomenon which is done in
fabric store.

IN-HOUSE INVENTORY

Once these rolls are received, the store in-charge matches the packing list of the fabric
consignment with the original quantity of the fabric rolls (i.e. fabric width, fabric length). He
also keeps the all the record in a log book. This inventory maybe done alone by the store
In-charge or with the presence of a representative of the fabric supplier.

CUTTING FOR INSPECTION

At the time of inventory a piece of fabric is cut form every roll. The piece is of full width of
the fabric and of a length depending on buyer (i.e. for H&M 22 inch of length, for others 12
inch of length). These cut piece is send for inspection tests like shrinkage, blanket making for
shade segregation.

4.3 EXPORTS DEPARTMENT

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The company does export in the countries like Japan and US. The companies turnover in the
last year is 3, 00,000 USD. The documents that are involved in the company during export
are given below. Export documentation is one of the important documents in export, we will
see in following paragraphs.

PROCEDURE FOR SALES

1. Letter of Credit
2. Document against Payment
3. Document against acceptance
4. Shipping bill
5. GR form
6. Performa Invoice
7. Airway / Seaway Bill
8. Bank Guarantee / Legal undertaking
9. Certificate of Origin.

LETTER OF CREDIT
The manufacturer gets an order from the buyer. The manufacturer has no way of knowing if
the buyer can (or will) pay for the goods after they are produced and shipped. As a result, the
purchase and sales agreement states that the manufacturer will get paid using a letter of credit
as soon as shipment is made.
The buyer will need to apply for a letter of credit at a local bank. The buyer may need to have
funds on hand at that bank or get approval for financing from the bank.

DOCUMENTS AGAINST PAYMENT

The seller will send the original document to the buyer bank through their bank and will send
the copy of their document to the buyer. After the buyer receives the copy of the bill, the

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buyer will pay the bill amount in his bank and after showing the document he will take his
goods.

DOCUMENTS AGAINST ACCEPTANCE

While the company sends their documents they will note D.A. 30 days on DA 60 days. After
buyer receives the document from the bank he will pay the money. When he pays the bill
money in his bank the company’s account will be credited. The money will be collected from
the bank later.

SHIPPING BILL

This is a statutory document prescribed for processing in customers for shipment of goods.
Generally four copies of shipping bills are submitted in different colors each having a specific
significance and use. Such documents for import are called Bill of Entry.

GR FORM

This is a declaration by the exporter in the form prescribed by RBI to be submitted along with
the shipping bill to customs. The declaration must contain the information about the sender,
consignee, description of the goods, and full export value of goods in foreign currency etc.
The exporter sends a duplicate of GR form with its bank approval along with shipping
documents.

PROFORMA INVOICE

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This is a provisional document drawn by the exporter giving details of description, quality,
price and terms of supply of goods, which enables him to go through exchange control
formalities for opening an L/C. The proforma invoice duly accepted by the buyer is to be
submitted to the customs authorities along with the shipping bill.

AIRWAY / SEAWAY BILL

For the carriage of the goods the shipper and the carrier enters into the contract of carriage. It
provides a proof to the shipper about the carriage of his consignment and it includes custom
declaration.

BANK GUARANTEE / LEGAL UNDERTAKING

Wherever any duty free import is allowed, the importer has to execute a legal undertaking /
bank guarantee / bond with the customer’s authority before the clearance of goods through
the customs. However, exporter with export turnover of rupees 5 crore or more in the current
or preceding licensing year are exempted from furnishing a bank guarantee for any of the
foreign trade policy schemes and may furnish a LUT in bill of bank guarantee.

CERTIFICATE OF ORIGIN

The certificate of origin is an instrument to establish evidence of the origin of goods imported
into any country. There are two categories of certificate of origin.

 Preferential
 Non preferential Exporters looking for preferential treatment from the importing
country need to produce certificate of origin.

4.4 FINANCE DEPARTMENT

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Under the finance department both the accounts and documentations are maintained by the
finance manager. Accounts are maintained using tally, MS Excel etc. The finance department
maintains all the financial records of the company in a computerized way. Its Profits,
Incomes, Expenses etc. the finance department is taken over by the accounting staff. It
maintains ledger accounts, balance sheet, profit and loss account, cash book, bank book etc.,

Apart from the money to pay to suppliers, salaries, expenses, etc funds have to be on hand to
finance stocks of raw materials and finished goods. In periods when trading is difficult and
revenues are down, provision has to be made to cover such periods. Some important
functions performed by this department are:

 Providing Management Information

 Budgeting
 Garment Costing
 Administration

FINANCIAL DEPARTMENT CHART

FINANCE MANAGER

TREASURY MANAGER

ACCOUNTS MANAGER

COMPUTER OPERATOR

BOOK KEEPERS
FINANCE MANAGER

Finance manager looks after all the sections in the finance department like Credit bills, Sales
invoice receipts, Voucher, Credit note etc. He is like an auditor but does not do any auditing

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work for the organization. He guides the organization on the financial matters like sales &
income tax & banking procedures.

TREASURY DEPARTMENT

The treasury manager’s role in the accounting department revolves around the formulation
and development of treasure policies. This includes identifying the best investment
opportunities, developing great banking relations, optimizing credit facilities, and minimizing
finance costs.

ACCOUNTS MANAGER

Assistant manager collects the cash, credit purchase bill from the purchase manager and sales
invoice from the sales manager and notes issued by them. He looks after cash transaction
between bank and the office. The assistant manager of financial department also looks after
the bank cheques incoming and outgoing.

COMPUTER OPERATOR

He maintains cash transaction and data in the computer regarding the purchase, vouchers and
material invert note. He also records the details regarding material been dispatched. He often
notes the profit and loss, income expenditure of this industry.

BOOK KEEPERS

Book keepers provide the day-to-day efforts needed to record and assess basic accounting
data, measurement and interpretation of financial information. The results of their work
ensure compliance, and provide the groundwork for greater financial strategies.

4.5 HUMAN RESOURCE DEPARTMENT

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Textile is industry oriented field where lots of processes are there to carry out raw
material/fibers to finished garment. In this the company requires technical skillful and
motivated peoples. For textile, a differences in the scope, approach in HR concept, because
here people think differently, expect differently.

In textile, environment is different as compare to other origination or industry, here 80%

manager spend time in handling of human resources. A very common problem always exist in
every textile oriented that is conflict ( grievance ) in intra department or in worker and
management, so this HR (HRM) play as a tool to resoles this problem efficiently.

HRM increases the communication, coordination and involvement so that chances of

misunderstanding will be minimum. Even in organizations with educated and experienced
staff, due to the lack of corporation on part of the management, the department cannot carry
out its functions. The basic concept of HRM is to attract and retain the right person at right
place in right time with remuneration.

SALARY ADMINISTRATION

Salaries of the employees are calculated based on the attendance record of the employees
and number of shifts they worked. There are various levels of employees in the company and
the salary calculation for them depends on the job they perform. The salary depends upon
hierarchy of the employees.

WAGE SYSTEM

1. Time rate system

2. Piece rate system

TIME RATE SYSTEM

In this company, time rate system is followed on shift basis. The timings are

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Shift – I 9.00 am to 5.30 pm

Shift – II 6.00 pm to 10.00pm

The wages are paid in accordance to the days worked in a week including number of hours.
This system is practical in many areas. When these are any urgent work to be completed they
work night shift from 10.00 pm to 5.00 am there will be extra payments paid for it. In this
company piece rate is not followed.

LEAVE BASIS OF EMPLOYEES

On government holidays like Republic day. Independence Day, diwali etc., the company will
not function. There will be casual leave for every 20 working days gained by workers. If the
employee attends all 300 days in the year he or she is entitled to get 20 days of salary, for
employees emergency expenses they can get advance amount and then it will be compensated
from their wages.

ATTENDANCE MAINTENANCE

The HR person maintains the attendance records of the employees every day. Each and every
employee in the organization must inform their supervisor and sign in their attendance record.
Various employees are involved in each sub units of the company. Each factory sub units
maintains a separate attendance record for the employees. And in-charge person maintains the
record. There are three shifts in the company.

CONCLUSION

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I completed my institutional training successfully in Yes Yes Tex. It was an opportunity for
me to gain corporate knowledge. The training in textile productions enabled me to know the
raw materials required for manufacturing and also production process such as dyeing,
weaving, cutting, stitching, packing & finally inspection. During my training, I was able to
gain technical knowledge and update my knowledge as per the current trend. All managers
and employees were very informative.

During the training period the staffs of various departments inside the organization helped me
to know the nature of all duties performed by them as well as do’s and dont’s of all the
functions in the organization. The experience and the study that I had undergone in Yes Yes
Tex has given me a practical knowledge about the functioning of the unit and has helped me
to know about the principles and procedures about the organization. Fast and reliable delivery
is one of their services which is the keyhole to their success.

By completing internship in this organization, I acquired knowledge about marketing of a

product. The modern infrastructure and well equipped facilities of the organization created a
good atmosphere. Their organizational structure and latest technology are the keys for their
success which keeps them growing in this competitive field.This Institutional training was the
right platform which helped me to apply the theoretical knowledge which I have gained
through college. The Internship helped me to compare and contrast between theoretical and
practical Knowledge. I thank the management, executives and all employees of “Yes Yes Tex,
Tirupur” for supporting and helping me complete my Institutional training.

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