Introduction to Herbaria and Herbarium Practices

May 9, 2019

Presenter
Genevieve E. Tocci
Harvard University Herbaria
[email protected]

General

Biodiversity Heritage Library. Web. https://www.biodiversitylibrary.org/

CITES (the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora).
https://www.cites.org/

Field Museum. 2012. Botany Research at the Field Museum. Video https://bit.ly/2JoAiDP

Forman, Leonard, and Diane M. Bridson. The Herbarium Handbook. Kew: Royal Botanic Gardens,
(2103) ISBN-10: 1900347431.

Metsger, D A, and S C. Byers. Managing the Modern Herbarium: An Interdisciplinary Approach.

Society for Preservation, 1999. ISBN-10: 0963547623

Secretariat of the Convention on Biological Diversity (SCBD). Convention on Biological Diversity:

The Nagoya Protocol. https://www.cbd.int/abs/about/

Taxonomic Literature II (TL-2) https://www.sil.si.edu/DigitalCollections/tl-2/

Thiers B M. updated continuously. Index Herbariorum. http://sweetgum.nybg.org/science/ih/

Victor, J.E. 2004. Herbarium essentials: the Southern African Herbarium user manual Pretoria:
Southern African Botanical Diversity Network. https://bit.ly/2H6nfUG

Watson, K. 2014. Herbarium Specimen Imaging: Standards and Suggestions. Presented at: iDigBio
Small Herbarium Workshop – Botany 2014. PDF. https://bit.ly/2vKryzB

Society of Herbarium Curators http://www.herbariumcurators.org/

SPNHC (Society for the Preservation of Natural History Collections) http://www.spnhc.org/

culturalheritage.org
1
 SPNHC Wiki https://spnhc.biowikifarm.net/wiki

Taxonomic Arrangement of Species

Historic Plant Treatments

Engler H G A & Prantl K A E. 1887-1909. Die natürlichen Pflanzenfamilien. Print and Web.
https://bit.ly/305tfpt

Engler H. G. A. 1900-1953. Das Pflanzenreich. Print and Web. https://bit.ly/2Vq9Wsg

Modern Plant Treatments

The Angiosperm Phylogeny Group, M. W. Chase, M. J. M. Christenhusz, M. F. Fay, J. W.
Byng, W. S. Judd, D. E. Soltis, D. J. Mabberley, A. N. Sennikov, P. S. Soltis, P. F. Stevens,
An update of the Angiosperm Phylogeny Group classification for the orders and families of
flowering plants: APG IV, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, Volume 181, Issue 1,
May 2016, Pages 1–20. Print and Web. https://doi.org/10.1111/boj.12385

Christenhusz M.J.M., Reveal J.L., Farjon A., Gardiner M.F., Mill RP, Chase MW. 2011. A new
classification and linear sequence of extant gymnosperms. Phytotaxa. 19: 55–70.
https://bit.ly/2JsKZoE

Christenhusz M.J.M., Zhang X.C. & Schneider H. 2011. A linear sequence of extant families and
genera of lycophytes and ferns. Phytotaxa. 19: 7-54. https://bit.ly/2H5SpLU

Stevens, P. F. (2001 onwards). Angiosperm Phylogeny Website. Version 14, July 2017 [and
more or less continuously updated since]. Web.
http://www.mobot.org/MOBOT/research/APweb/

Nomenclature

General Botany
Farr, E. R. and G. Zijlstra, eds. 1996+. Index Nominum Genericorum (Plantarum). Web.
http://botany.si.edu/ing/

Stearn, W T, David & Charles (Newton Abbot). Botanical Latin. Portland, Oregon: Timber
Press, 2013. ISBN-10: 0881926272

Turland, N. J., et al. (eds.) 2018: International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and
plants (Shenzhen Code) adopted by the Nineteenth International Botanical Congress
Shenzhen, China, July 2017. Regnum Vegetabile 159. Print and Web. DOI
https://doi.org/10.12705/Code.2018

Plants
The International Plant Names Index (2012). Web. http://www.ipni.org

culturalheritage.org
2
 Mabberley, D. 2017. Mabberley’s plant-book: A portable dictionary of plants, their classi-
fication and uses. (4th edition) Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press, 2017.
ISBN-10: 9781107115026

Missouri Botanical Garden. Tropicos.org. Web. http://www.tropicos.org

World Flora Online. Web. http://www.worldfloraonline.org/

Bryophytes
Conservatoire et Jardin botaniques de la Ville de Genève. Index Hepaticarum Names
Database (IHND). Web. http://www.ville-ge.ch/musinfo/bd/cjb/hepatic/search.php

Missouri Botanical Garden. Web. Tropicos.org. http://www.tropicos.org

Schuster, R. The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America east of the hundredth
meridian. Vol 1-6. New York, Columbia University Press, 1966-1992

Algae
Guiry, M.D. & Guiry, G.M. 2019. AlgaeBase. World-wide electronic publication, National
University of Ireland, Galway. http://www.algaebase.org

Index Nominum Algarum, University Herbarium, University of California, Berkeley. Compiled

by Paul Silva. Available online at http://ucjeps.berkeley.edu/CPD/

Fungi
Ainsworth, G., Kirk, P., et al. Ainsworth & Bisby’s Dictionary of the Fungi (10th ed.).
Wallingford, CT: CABI, 2008. ISBN-13: 978 0 85199 826 8

The Royal Botanic Gardens Kew represented by the Mycology Section, Landcare Research-NZ,
represented by the Mycology Group, and the Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of
Science. Indexfungorum.org 2019. Online www.indexfungorum.org

International Mycological Association (IMA) Mycobank Database (2016)

http://www.mycobank.org

Myxomycetes
International Mycological Association (IMA) Mycobank Database (2016)
http://www.mycobank.org

Martin, G., & Alexopoulos, C. The Myxomycetes. Iowa City, Iowa: University of Iowa Press
(1969).

Stephenson, S L. Myxomycetes: a handbook of slime molds. Portland, Oregon: Timber

Press (1994). ISBN-10: 0881924393.

Mounting Vascular Plants

Arizona State University. 2009. Ask A Biologist: How to Press Plants. https://bit.ly/2Ww6ecX

culturalheritage.org
3
Field Museum. Plant Mounting. video on YouTube. https://youtu.be/UN4LkJnRBMg

Herb Society of America. 2005. The Use and Methods of Making a Herbarium/Plant Specimens,
Revised Edition. https://bit.ly/2PUyTWT

National Herbarium of Victoria. Mounting specimens. https://bit.ly/2JbAtTq

Page, C. N. 1979. “The Herbarium Preservation of Conifer Specimens.” Taxon Vol. 28, No. 4 pp.
375-379.

Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh. Mounting Plant Specimens. Video on YouTube.

https://youtu.be/HaaX5WzlAiI

Royal Botanic Gardens Edinburgh. RBGE Collections Care: preparation and care of herbarium speci-
mens. https://bit.ly/2vKIhmu

STASH: Storage Techniques for Art, Science and History. 1992. Mounting System for Herbarium
Specimens. https://bit.ly/2HavLlr

University of Florida Herbarium (FLAS). 2016. Specimen Preparation Guide (Plant Mounting).
https://www.floridamuseum.ufl.edu/herbarium/methods/mountingguide.htm

Utah State University, Department of Biology, Intermountain Herbarium. Making Good Specimens.
https://herbarium.usu.edu/resources/learning_about_plants/making_specimens

Victor, J.E. 2004. Herbarium essentials: the Southern African Herbarium user manual Pretoria :
Southern African Botanical Diversity Network. (includes a large section on mounting.)
See above.

Microscope Slides
Glime, J. M. and Wagner, D. M. 2013.” Laboratory Techniques: Preservation and Permanent Mounts.”
Chapt. 2-4. In: Glime, J. M. Bryophyte Ecology. Volume 3. Methods. Ebook sponsored by
Michigan Technological University and the International Association of Bryologists. Ebook last up-
dated 5 September 2013 and available at www.bryoecol.mtu.edu.

Kohlmeyer J & Kohlmeyer E. “Permanent Microscopic Mounts.” Mycologia, Vol. 64, No. 3 (May - Jun.,
1972), pp. 666-669.

Paraloid B-72 on CAMEO: Conservation & Art Materials Encyclopedia Online. 4 Nov 2018.
https://bit.ly/2VQNho9

Storage and Supplies

Lee, S & Ibrahim, B. 2018. “The SING boxes – to infinity and beyond!” Gardenwise .Vol. 50, pg 33-34.
https://www.nparks.gov.sg/sbg/research/publications/gardenwise

University Products https://www.universityproducts.com/

Gaylord https://www.gaylord.com

Herbarium Supply Company http://herbariumsupply.com/

culturalheritage.org
4
Delta Designs https://www.deltadesignsltd.com/our-products/

Spacesaver http://www.spacesaver.com/

Geography
Columbia Gazetteer of the World Online. http://www.columbiagazetteer.org/main/Home.html

Getty Thesaurus of Geographic Names® Online. https://bit.ly/2DLhsVD

Statoids: Administrative Divisions of Countries (“Statoids”). http://www.statoids.com

U.S. Board on Geographic Names. https://on.doi.gov/2V5d7Aw

Integrated Pest Management

Museum Pests. https://museumpests.net/

Kingsley, H. 2001. Integrated pest management for collections : Proceedings of 2001: A Pest
Odyssey. London : James &​James, 2001. ISBN-10: 1902916271.

Pinniger, D. Insect pests in museums (3rd ed.) London: Archetype Books, 1994 (Conservation
monograph series) ISBN-13: 978-1873132555.

Pinniger, D., & Meyer, A. Integrated pest management in cultural heritage. London: Archetype
Books, 2015. ISBN-10: 1909492221

Pinniger, D., Townsend, A., & Meyer, A. Pest management in museums, archives, and historic
houses. London: Archetype Publications, 2001

Winsor, P., et al. English Heritage. 2011. Integrated pest management for collections (Proceedings
of 2011) A pest odyssey, 10 years later. https://amzn.to/2H78cKy

Zycherman, L. A. A Guide to Museum Pest Control. Natural Science Collections. 1988. ISBN-10:
0942924142

Miscellaneous References
Fallon D, Peters M, Hunt M, & Koehler K. 2016. “Cleaning protocol for mercuric chloride–contaminated
herbarium cabinets at the Smithsonian Museum Support Center.” Collection Forum (Fall 2016)
Vol. 30, No. 1-2, pp. 51-62. https://doi.org/10.14351/0831-4985-30.1.51

Miller C N, Brabazon H, Ware I M, Kingsley N H, & Budke J M. 2018. “Bringing an Historic Collection
into the Modern Era: Curating the J. K. Underwood Seed Collection at the University of Tennessee
Herbarium (TENN).” Collection Forum (Fall 2018) Vol. 32, No. 1-2, pp. 14-30

Peters M. 2014. “Conservation process of water-damaged herbarium specimens at the Harvard

University Herbaria.” Collection Forum (Fall 2014) Vol. 28, No. 1-2, pp. 8-15.
https://doi.org/10.14351/0831-0005-28.1.8

culturalheritage.org
5
Zimkus B D and Ford L S 2014. “Best practices for genetic resources associated with natural history
collections: Recommendations for practical implementation.” Collection Forum: Fall 2014, Vol. 28,
No. 1-2, pp. 77-112. https://doi.org/10.14351/0831-0005-28.1.77

Web Portals and Consortia

Australasian Virtual Herbarium (AVH). http://avh.chah.org.au/

Consortium of North American Bryophyte Herbaria (CNABH). http://bryophyteportal.org

Consortium of North American Lichen Herbaria (CNALH). http://lichenportal.org

Consortium of Pacific Herbaria (CPH). http://symbiota4.acis.ufl.edu/pacific/portal/

Consortium of Southern Rocky Mountain Herbaria. http://www.soroherbaria.org

GBIF | Global Biodiversity Information Facility. https://www.gbif.org/

Integrated Digitized Biocollections (iDigBio). https://www.idigbio.org/

Intermountain Regional Herbarium Network. http://intermountainbiota.org

Macroalgal Herbarium Consortium. http://macroalgae.org

Mycology Collections data Portal (MyCoPortal). http://mycoportal.org

Open Herbarium. http://openherbarium.org

Reflora Virtual Herbarium. https://bit.ly/2prxd9C

SouthEast Regional Network of Expertise and Collections (SERNEC). http://sernecportal.org

Symbiota. http://symbiota.org

Collections Management Systems

Specify Software https://www.sustain.specifysoftware.org/

Arctos https://arctosdb.org/

Funding Sources
Institute for Museum and Library Services (IMLS) https://www.imls.gov/

National Science Foundation (NSF) https://www.nsf.gov/

Collections Assessment for Preservation (CAP) https://bit.ly/2Hag4fn

Preservation Assistance Grants (NEH) https://bit.ly/2mncR31

Related Connecting to Collections Care Webinars

Exploring Old Loans: A Quest for Resolution https://www.connectingtocollections.org/old-loans/

Introduction to Legal Issues in Collections Management https://bit.ly/2oYeyFl

culturalheritage.org
6
The Deaccessioning Dilemma: Laws, Ethics, and Actions https://bit.ly/2GLVhiD

Stressed About Pests? Prevention, Monitoring, & Identification https://bit.ly/2HhDrmi

Stressed About Pests? Treating Infestations https://bit.ly/2RDpbIA

Arsenic and Old Lace: Controlling Hazardous Collection Materials https://bit.ly/2yoPxWf

Troublesome Trophies and Fragile Feathered Friends: Introduction to the Care of Historic Taxidermy
https://bit.ly/2ympBdI

culturalheritage.org
7