LIVING IN THE IT ERA

HISTORY OF
COMPUTER: BASIC CCIT Faculty

COMPUTING
PERIODS
 Computer

• is a programmable machine
• is an electronic device that manipulates
information, or data. It has the ability to store,
retrieve, and process data
• is a machine that manipulates data according
to a list of instructions (program).
• is any device which aids humans in performing
various kinds of computations or calculations.
Three principal characteristics

• It responds to a specific set of instructions in a

well-defined manner.
• It can execute a pre-recorded list of
instructions.
• It can quickly store and retrieve large amounts
of data.
 Applications of ICT
(Computers)in Our Daily
Lives
 Business

• They can be employed to store and maintain

accounts, personnel records, manage projects,
track inventory, create presentations and
reports
• They enable communication with people both
within and outside the business, using various
technologies, including e-mail
 Education

• give learners interactive exercises, and remote

learning, including tutoring over the internet
• access educational information from intranet
and internet sources, or via e-books
• maintain and monitor student performance,
including through the use of online
examinations
 Healthcare

• continues to be revolutionized by computers

• Computers control lab equipment, heart rate
monitors, and blood pressure monitors
• doctors to have greater access to information
on the latest drugs, as well as the ability to
share information on diseases with other
medical specialists.
 Retail and Trade

• Computers can be used to buy and sell

products online
• They can be used for direct trading and
advertising
• using sites such as eBay, Craigslist, or local
listings on social media or independent
websites
 Marketing

• enable marketing campaigns to be more

precise through the analysis and manipulation
of data.
• facilitate the creation of websites and
promotional materials.
 Marketing

• can be used to generate social media

campaigns.
• enable direct communication with customers
through email and online chat
 Science

• Scientists were one of the first groups to adopt

computers as a work tool
• can be used for research, sharing information
with other specialists both locally and
internationally
• also play a vital role in launching, controlling,
and maintaining space craft, as well as
operating other advanced technology
 Publishing

• can be used to design pretty much any type of

publication
• are used in the publishing of both hard-copy
and e-books
• are also used to market publications and track
sales.
 Arts and Entertainment

• are now used in virtually every branch of the

arts
• can be used to create drawings, graphic
designs, and paintings
• can be used to edit, copy, send, and print
photographs
 Arts and Entertainment

• can be used by writers to create and edit.

• can be used to make, record, edit, play, and
listen to music
• can be used to capture, edit and watch videos
• can be used for playing games
 Communication

• have made real-time communication over the

internet easy
• families can connect with audio and video,
businesses can hold meetings between remote
participants, and news organizations can
interview people without the need for a film
crew
 Banking and Finance

• You can use computers to check your account

balance, transfer money, or pay off credit cards
• You can also use computer technology to
access information on stock markets, trade
stocks, and manage investments
 Transport

• Road vehicles, trains, planes, and boats are

increasingly automated with computers being used to
maintain safety and navigation systems, and
increasingly to drive, fly, or steer.
• can be used to customize settings for individuals, for
example, seat setup, air-conditioning temperatures.
 Navigation

• Navigation has become increasingly

computerized, especially since computer
technology has been combined with GPS
technology
• Computers combined with satellites mean that
it's now easy to pinpoint your exact location
 Working from Home

• Computers have made working from home and

other forms of remote working increasingly
common
• Workers can access necessary data,
communicate, and share information without
commuting to a traditional office.
 Military

• They are use for training purposes

• They are used for analyzing intelligence data
• They are used to control smart technology, such
as guided missiles and drones, as well as for
tracking incoming missiles and destroying
them.
 Military

• They work with other technologies such as

satellites to provide geospatial information and
analysis.
• They help tanks and planes to target enemy
forces
 Social and Romance

• Computers have opened up many ways of

socializing that didn't previously exist
• Social media enables people to chat in text or
audio in real time across large distances, as
well as exchange photographs, videos, and
memes
 Social and Romance

• Dating sites and apps help people to find

romance
• Online groups help people to connect with
others who have similar interests.
• Blogs enable people to post a variety of views,
updates, and experiences.
 Booking Vacations

• Computers can be used by travelers to study

timetables, examine route options, and buy
plane, train, or bus tickets
• They can be used to explore and book
accommodation, whether traditional hotels, or
through newer services, such as Air BnB
 Security and Surveillance

• Computers are increasingly being combined

with other technologies to monitor people and
goods.
• Computers combined with biometric passports
make it harder for people to fraudulently enter a
country or gain access to a passenger airplane
 Weather Forecasting

• The world's weather is complex and depends

upon a multitude of factors that are constantly
changing
• Computers can process the large amounts of
meteorological information.
 Robotics

• Robotics is an expanding area of technology

which combines computers with science and
engineering to produce machines that can
either replace humans, or do specific jobs that
humans are unable to do
• One of the first use of robotics was in
manufacturing to build cars.
 History of Computer:
Basic Computing Periods
 History

• Earliest Computers originally calculations were

computed by humans, whose job title was
computers.
• These human computers were typically
engaged in the calculation of a mathematical
expression
 History

• The calculations of this period were specialized

and expensive, requiring years of training in
mathematics
• The first use of the word "computer" was
recorded in 1613, referring to a person who
carried out calculations, or computations, and
the word continued to be used in that sense
until the middle of the 20th century.
TALLY STICKS

• A tally stick was an ancient memory aid

device to record and document
numbers, quantities, or even messages.
ABACUS LIVING IN THE IT ERA

• is a mechanical device used

to aid an individual in
performing mathematical
calculations
• Invented in Babylonia (2400
B.C)
• First used by Chinese (around
500 B.C)
• Basic arithmetic operations
NAPIER'S BONES
• John Napier in 1614.
• multiply, divide and
calculate square and cube
roots by moving the rods
around and placing them in
specially constructed
boards.
SLIDE RULE
• William Oughtred in 1622.
• Is based on Napier's ideas
about logarithms.
• multiplication – division –
roots – logarithms –
Trigonometry
• Not normally used for
addition or subtraction.
PASCALINE

• Blaise Pascal in 1642.

• It has its limitation to
addition and subtraction.
• It is too expensive.
 STEPPED RECKONER

• Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz in

1672.
• add, subtract, multiply and
divide automatically
JACQUARD LOOM

• The Jacquard loom is a

mechanical loom, invented by
Joseph-Marie Jacquard in
1881.
• It is an automatic loom
controlled by punched cards.
 ARITHMOMETER
• A mechanical calculator
invented by Thomas de
Colmar in 1820,
• The first reliable, useful and
commercially successful
calculating machine.
• The machine could perform
the four basic mathematic
functions.
• The first mass-produced
calculating machine.
 Difference and Analytical
Engine
• automatic, mechanical calculator
designed to Tabulate polynomial functions
• Charles Babbage (Father of
Computer)1822 and 1834
• First mechanical computer
First Computer programmer

• Augusta Ada Byron a.k.a

Ada Lovelace (1840)
• Wrote program for
Analytical Engine
Scheutzian Calculation Engine

• Per Georg Scheutz in 1843

• Based on Charles Babbage's
difference engine
 Tabulating Machine

• Herman Hollerith (1890)

• assist in summarizing
information and accounting
 Harvard Mark 1

• Howard H. Aiken in 194

• AKA IBM Automatic
Sequence Controlled
Calculator (ASCC).
• First electro-mechanical
computer.
 Z1

• first programmable
computer
• Konrad Zuse in Germany
from 1936 to 1938.
• To program the Z1 required
that the user insert punch
tape into a punch tape
reader and all output was
also generated through
punch tape.
 Atanasoff-Berry Computer
(ABC)
• First electronic digital
computing device
• Professor John Atanasoff
and Clifford Berry at Iowa
State University between
1939-1942
 ENIAC

• Electronic Numerical
Integrator and Computer
• First electronic general-
purpose computer
• John Presper Eckert and
John Mauchly.
• 1946 completion
 UNIVAC I

• UNIVersal Automatic
Computer 1)
• first commercial
computer
• John Presper Eckert and
John Mauchly
 EDVAC

• Electronic Discrete Variable

Automatic Computer
• First Stored Program
Computer
• Von Neumann in 1952
• memory to hold both a
stored program as well as
data.
 Osborne 1

• first portable computer

• Released in 1981 by the
Osborne Computer
Corporation
 Electronic Controls Company.

• first computer company

• Founded in 1949 by John
Presper Eckert and John
Mauchly.
Basic Computing
Periods - Ages
 Premechanical

• is the earliest age of information technology.

• 3000B.C. and 1450A.D
• use language or simple picture drawings known
as petroglyth (usually carved in rock)
• 100 A.D. –first 1-9 system was created in India
• 875 A.D.-0 was invented
• Numbers were created –Calculator (first sign of
info. Processor)
Premechanical
 Mechanical

• The mechanical age is when we first start to see

connections between our current technology
and its ancestors
• 1450 and 1840.
• Tech developed -Slide rule, Pascaline,
Difference Engine
Mechanical

Difference Engine
 Electromechanical
• 1840-1940
• Beginning of telecommunications
• Telegraph -1800s
• Morse Code-Samuel Morse in 1835
• Tele phone-Alexander Graham Bell 1867
• First Radio-Guglielmo Marconi 1894
• Mark I-first large-scale automatic digital
computer in the United by Harvard University
around 1940
.
 Electronic

• The electronic age is what we currently live in.

• It can be defined as the time between 1940 and
right now.
• ENIAC- first-high speed, digital computer
capable of being reprogrammed
• designed to be used by the U.S. Army for artillery
firing tables.
• It mainly used vacuum tubes to do its
calculations.
 History of Computer:
Generations of Computer
 The First Generation
• 1946 to 1958
• first computers used vacuum tubes for
circuitry and magnetic drums for
memory, and were often enormous,
taking up entire rooms.
• relied on machine language, the lowest-
level programming language
understood by computers,
• ENIAC, EDSAC, UNIVAC I, UNIVAC II
 The Second Generation
• Transistors replaced
Vacuum Tubes
• computers moved from
cryptic binary machine
language to symbolic, or
assembly, languages, which
allowed programmers to
specify instructions in words.
• Relied on punched cards for
input and printouts for
output.
• UNIVAC III, RCA 501
 The Third Generation

• Integrated Circuit
• It could carry out
instructions in billionths of
a second. Much smaller
and cheaper compare to
the second-generation
computers.
• 1965 to 1970
 The Fourth Generation

• Microprocessor
• Fourth generation
computers also saw the
development of GUIs, the
mouse and handheld
devices.
• 1971 to Today
 The Fifth Generation

• Still in development
• The use of parallel
processing and
superconductors is helping
to make artificial
intelligence a reality
• Today to Future
Thank You.
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