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Nature OF Elections AND Political Parties - Q2 Module 10

(SHS PPG MELC10)
Philippine Politics and Governance (Makiling Integrated School)

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Senior High School

11
Philippine Politics and
Governance
Second Quarter – Module 10:
Nature of Election and Political
Parties
Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

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11
Philippine Politics and Governance
Second Quarter – Module 10: Nature of Election and Political Parties
First Edition, 2020

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Published by the Department of Education Secretary: Leonor Magtolis Briones
Undersecretary: Diosdado M. San Antonio
Assistant Secretary: Alma Ruby C. Torio

Development Team of the Module

Authors: Juan Gabriel R. Bravo
Content Editor:
Language Editor:

Reviewers: SDO Cavite Province -

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Layout Artist: Bureau of Learning Resources; SDO LRMS Team and the Author
Management Team: SDO Cavite Province - LRMS Team

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Senior High School

11
Philippine Politics and
Governance
SecondQuarter – Module 10: Nature
of Election and Political Parties

This instructional material was collaboratively developed and reviewed

by educators from public and private schools, colleges, and or/universities.
We encourage teachers and other education stakeholders to email their
feedback, comments, and recommendations to the Department of Education
at [email protected].

We value your feedback and recommendations.

Department of Education • Republic of the Philippines

Introductory Message
The Alternative Delivery Mode (ADM) module for Philippine Politics and
Governance has been designed to provide simplified, convenient and accessible to all
types of learners, especially those who has inability to attend regular class due to
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personal family conflicts as well as for formal school. The content of the module has
been validated by evaluators to ensure its alignment to the curriculum designed by the
Department of Education for Senior High School.

Moreover, the topics activities were designed interestingly and comprehensively

to enhance learning ability for assessment of learning. There are formative and
summative activities including the answer keys which can be seen at the last page of
the module.

Educators are encouraged to use the module as supplement and intervention

for learners.

What I Need to Know

This module was designed and written with you in mind. It is here to help you
understand nature of election and political parties in the Philippines. The scope of this
module permits it to be used in many different learning situations. The language used
recognizes the diverse vocabulary level of students. The lessons are arranged to follow
the standard sequence of the course. But the order in which you read them can be
changed to correspond with the textbook you are now using.

The module is divided into three lessons, namely:

 Lesson 1 – Define Suffrage
 Lesson 2 – Understand nature of election
 Lesson 3 – Analyze the political parties in the Philippines

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After going through this module, you are expected to:

1. identify the scope of Suffrage;
2. understand nature of election the Philippines; and
3. analyze the political parties in the Philippines.

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What I Know

Directions: Identify what is being asked in every item. Write your answer on the space
provided before each number.

__________1. Right and obligation of qualified Filipino citizen to vote in the national
and local elections in the decision of public questions submitted to them

__________2. Power of the people to propose amendments to the Constitution or to

propose and enact legislation (Constitution, Statutes, Local Legislation)

__________3. Type of election of officers either nationwide or in certain sub-divisions

thereof, after the expiration of the full term of the former officers

__________4. Popular vote of the people expressing their view within their choice for
or against a proposed law submitted to them

__________5. Held to fill a vacancy in office before the expiration of the full term for
which the incumbent was elected

__________6. Group of people organized for the purpose of winning government

power by electoral or other means

__________7. Party system that only one party holds the power

__________8. Power of the electorate to approve or reject legislation through an

election called for the purpose (Statutes and Local Law)

__________9. Type of party system that has more than two political parties fight during
the election

_________10. Political party that correspond to a region-wide or province-wide

organization

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Lesson
Nature of Election and
10 Political Parties

Under Section 1 of the Article V of the 1987 Constitution, “Suffrage may be

exercised by all citizens of the Philippines not otherwise disqualified by law, who are at
least eighteen years of age, and who shall have resided in the Philippines for at least
one year, and in the place wherein they propose to vote, for at least six months
immediately preceding the election. No literacy, property, or other substantive
requirement shall be imposed on the exercise of suffrage”.

What’s In

In the previous lesson, you learned the functions and the composition of the
Local Government Units.

What’s New

Activity 1: Vote Wisely

Directions: List down your criteria in choosing an election candidate

Activity 2: True or False

Direction: Write TRUE if
the statement is correct
and FALSE if the statement
is wrong

1. Suffrage is the right

and obligation of qualified Filipino citizen to vote in the national and local
elections in the decision of public questions submitted to them.

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2. People choose for definite and fixed periods and to whom they entrust, from the
time being as their representatives, the exercise of powers of government is
called Referendum.
3. Regular election is an election of officers either nationwide or in certain sub-
divisions thereof, after the expiration of the full term of the former officers.
4. One of the requirements to vote is at least 18 years of age.
5. Plebiscite is a popular vote of the people expressing their view within their
choice for or against a proposed law submitted to them.

Activity 3: Power Up
Direction: Examine the following if it is a type of political party in the Philippines or not.
Write PARTY on the selected item/s.

1. Liberal Party
2. UNA
3. DENR
4. PDP-LABAN
5. JIL

What is It

Article V of the 1987 Philippine Constitution: Suffrage

Section 1: Suffrage
 Right and obligation of qualified Filipino citizen to vote in the national and local
elections in the decision of public questions submitted to them.
 Merely a privilege to be given to the citizens by the lawmaking power subject to
constitutional limitations.
 Classified as a political right, such as election, enabling every citizen to
participate in the process of government to assure that it derive its power from
the consent governed.

Scope of suffrage
1. Election, people choose for definite and fixed periods and to whom they entrust,
from the time being as their representatives, the exercise of powers of
government.
2. Initiative, power of the people to propose amendments to the Constitution or to
propose and enact legislation (Constitution, Statutes, Local Legislation).
3. Referendum, power of the electorate to approve or reject legislation through an
election called for the purpose (Statutes and Local Law).
4. Plebiscite, popular vote of the people expressing their view within their choice
for or against a proposed law submitted to them.
5. Recall, a public officer may be removed from the office during their tenure or
before the expiration of the term by a vote of the people after registration of a
petition signed by a required percentage of the qualified voter.

Types of election
1. Regular, election of officers either nationwide or in certain sub-divisions thereof,
after the expiration of the full term of the former officers.
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2. Special, held to fill a vacancy in office before the expiration of the full term for
which the incumbent was elected.

Qualification of voters
1. Citizen of the Philippines (male or female)
2. Not otherwise disqualified by law
3. At least 18 years of age
4. Resided in the Philippines for at least one year and in the place wherein they
propose to vote for at least six months preceding the election.

Who are disqualified to vote?

1. Person sentenced by final judgment to suffer imprisonment for not less than one
year, such disability not having removed by plenary pardon or granted amnesty.
But such person shall automatically require to vote upon expiration of five years
after service of the sentence.
2. Person adjudged by final judgment by competent court or tribunal having
committed any crime involving disloyalty to the duly constituted government
such as rebellion, sedition or any crime against national security, unless
restored to full civil and political rights in accordance with the law. Such person
shall likewise automatically regain the right to vote upon expiration of five years
after the service of sentence.
3. Insane or incompetent persons as declared by competent authority. This person
is not qualified to vote even if they have the necessary qualifications.

Section 2: Secrecy and Sanctity of votes

 Congress is directed by the constitution to provide a system for securing the
secrecy and sanctity of the ballot.
 Congress will have to enact a law prescribing procedures that will enable the
disabled and the illiterates to secretly cast their ballots without requiring the
assistance of the other persons, to prevent them from being manipulated by
unscrupulous politicians.
 Extends the suffrage to Filipinos abroad provided they shall possess all the
qualifications mention therein and none of the disqualification provided by law.

Political Party
 Group of people organized for the purpose of winning government power by
electoral or other means.
 Voluntary association of individuals who advocate certain principles or policies
as superior to all others for the general conduct of government and which
nominates and supports certain of its leaders as electoral candidates.
Characteristics
 Organized structure of authority and power distribution
 Seek to attract popular support in the form of votes
 Seeks political power directly through electoral method
 Prepared to support a candidate and fight for victory in election
Party membership
 Formal attachment to political party
 Usually involving the assumption of obligations to the party and receiving
privileges from the party
Membership rules:
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 Apply formally and party officials can accept or reject application

 Must at least pay annual dues and sometimes take an oath to support party’s
principles and candidates
Functions of political parties
 Leadership recruitment
 Coordinate policy
 Mobilize voters
 Provide accountability
 Nominate candidates
 Contest election
 Form governments
Principal activities of political party
 Selecting candidates
 Election campaigning
 Nominate candidates
 Inform and activate supporters
 Act as bonding agent
 Govern
 Act as watchdog
Policy formulation
 Campaigning
 Governing
Types of Political party
• Major parties, correspond typically to traditional parties
• Minor parties or party-list organization, rely on the party-list system to win
Congressional seats
• Regional or Provincial parties, correspond to a region-wide or province-wide
organization
Minor parties play several important roles
 Spoiler
 Critic
 innovator
Kinds of party system
Type of party Definition Advantages Disadvantages
One party Only one party
holds the power
Two-party system Turn over system Ensures stability Decline into
and simplicity in monotonous
the change of political game
government wherein
politicians yield to
corruption and
patronage of
each other
Multi-party More than two May more Occasionally
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system political parties honestly instability and

fight during represent the inaction
election various shades of
political opinions

Political Party in the Philippines

 Diverse in ideologies and plentiful in number
 Most of these parties do not have grassroots membership among ordinary
voters but rather of political figure and leaders

What’s More

Activity 4: Summary
Direction: Summarize what you have learned in this lesson in three to five sentences. Provide
additional two or three sentences for your reflection or opinion on the function of the local
government.

What I Have Learned

 Suffrage is the right and obligation of qualified Filipino citizen to vote in the
national and local elections in the decision of public questions submitted to
them.
• Suffrage has different scopes and election and has two types; regular and
special.
• Political party is a group of people organized for the purpose of winning
government power by electoral or other means
• One party, two-party, and multi-party system are types of political party existing
in different countries.
• Political parties in the Philippines are diverse but has no grassroots in ordinary
voters

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What I Can Do

Activity 5: Pledge of Commitment

_____________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________

Assessment

Multiple Choice: Choose the letter of the best answer. Write the chosen letter before
the number.
1. Which is NOT one of the qualifications for registered voter?
a. 19 years of age
b. Citizen of the Philippines
c. 1 year residency in the place where they will vote
d. Not otherwise disqualified by law
2. The group of people organized for the purpose of winning government power by
electoral or other means is called ______?
a. Political ally
b. Political party
c. Political butterfly
d. Political animal

3. Popular vote of the people expressing their view within their choice for or
against a proposed law submitted to them is called _______
a. Plebiscite
b. Referendum
c. Recall
d. Election

4. More than two political parties fight during election is _______

a. Political party
b. One party
c. Two-party
d. Multi-party

5. Type of election held to fill a vacancy in office before the expiration of the full
term for which the incumbent was elected
a. Regular
b. Special
c. Recall
d. initiative
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Additional Activities

Direction: Cite at least five things to this institution during the election period in the
country

https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Commission_on_Elections_(COMELEC).svg

Answer Key

True or False Assessment:

1. True 1. A
2. False 2. B
3. False 3. A
4. True 4. D
5. True 5. B

References:
Nael, M. & Rivas, D. (2010), Politics, Governance and the Philippine Constitution, Rex
book store

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https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/constitutions/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-
the-philippines/the-1987-constitution-of-the-republic-of-the-philippines-article-v/

https://www.slideshare.net/paragas/philippine-political-parties

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