Syllabus

Special Rules and Proceedings

San Sebastian College – Recoletos Manila, College of Law
Prof. Psalmuel Chan

I. GENERAL PROVISIONS

A. RULE 1

a. Purpose of special proceedings

• Heirs of Gabatan v. Pacana, G.R. No. 150206, March 13, 2009

• Ypon v. Ricaforte, G.R. No. 198680, July 8, 2013

b. Special proceedings vis-à-vis civil actions

• Fujiki v. Marinay, G.R. No. 196049, June 26, 2013

• Republic v. Jomoc, G.R. 163604, May 6, 2005

B. RULE 72 (Subject Matter and Applicability of General Rules)

a. Subject matter of special proceedings

b. Applicability of the rules of civil actions
c. See also Title XI of the Family Code

• Sheker v. Sheker, G.R. No. 157912, December 13, 2007

• Hilado v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 164108, May 8, 2009

II. SETTLEMENT OF ESTATE OF DECEASED PERSONS

A. RULE 73 (Venue and Process)

a. Jurisdiction and Venue in Judicial Settlement of Estate

b. Republic Act No. 11576
c. See Articles 15, 16, and 17 of the Civil Code of the Philippines
d. Extent of Jurisdiction of Probate Court
e. See Book I, Title XIV, Chapter 4 of the Civil Code of the Philippines
f. Powers and Duties of a Probate Court

• Treyes v. Larlar, G.R. No. 232579, September 8, 2020

• Coca v. Borromeo, G.R. No. L-27082 January 31, 1978
• Gacad, Jr. vs. Hon. Corpuz, G.R. No. 216107, August 3, 2022
• Gaspi vs. Hon. Pacis-Trinidad, G.R. No. 229010, November 23, 2020

B. RULE 74 (Summary Settlements of Estate)

a. Extrajudicial Settlement by Agreement Between Heirs; Procedure

b. Two-Year Prescriptive Period
c. Affidavit of Self-Adjudication by Sole Heir
d. Summary Settlement of Estates of Small Value
e. Remedies of Aggrieved Parties after Extrajudicial Settlement of Estate
f. Ordinary action for partition vis-à-vis judicial settlement of estate
g. See Book II, Title III of the Civil Code of the Philippines (Co-ownership)

• Amparo Cruz v. Angelito Cruz, G.R. No. 211153, February 28, 2018
• Rebusquillo and Orosco v. Spouses Gualvez, G.R. No. 204029, June 4, 2014
• Cua v. Vargas, G.R. No. 156536, October 31, 2006
• Spouses Domingo v. Roces, G.R. No. 147468, April 9, 2003
• Heirs of Ernesto Morales v. Agustin, G.R. No. 224849, June 6, 2018

C. RULE 75 (Production of Will, Allowance of Will Necessary)

a. Nature of Probate Proceedings

b. Persons entitled to Petition for Probate and to Notice

• Mayor v. Tiu, G.R. No. 203770, November 23, 2016

• In the Matter of the Intestate Estate of Reynaldo Rodriguez, G.R. No. 230404, January 31, 2018

D. RULE 76 (Allowance or Disallowance of Will)

a. Persons entitled to Petition for the Allowance of Will

b. Contents of Petition for Allowance of Will; Jurisdictional Facts
c. Proof for the Allowance of a Will
d. See Article 804, 805, 806 of the Civil Code of the Philippines
e. See Article 811 of the Civil Code of the Philippines
f. Proof in case of Lost or Destroyed Will
g. See Article 828, 829, and 830 of the Civil Code of the Philippines
h. Grounds for Disallowance Will
i. See Article 839 of the Civil Code of the Philippines
j. Effects of Disallowance Cases:

• Racca and Racca vs. Echague, G.R. No. 237133, January 20, 2021

E. RULE 77 (Allowance of Will proved Outside of Philippines and Administration

of Estate thereunder)

a. Reprobate; Jurisdiction; Procedure

b. Requisites
c. See Articles 815, 816, 817 of the Civil Code of the Philippines
d. See Rule 132, Sections 24 and 25 of the Rules of Court
e. See Apostille Convention
f. Effects of probate

• Vda de Perez v. Tolete, G.R. No. 76714, June 2, 1994

• In Re: In the Mater of the Petition to approve the will of Ruperta Palaganas v. Ernesto
Palaganas, GR No. 169144, January 26, 2011

F. RULE 78 (Letters Testamentary and of Administration)

a. Executor v. Administrator
b. Letters Testamentary
c. Issuance of Letters of Administration
d. See Article 151 of the Family Code
e. Order of Preference
f. Scope or Limit of Administration

• In the Matter of the Intestate Estate of of Cristina Aguinaldo-Suntay, G.R. No. 183053, June 15,
2010

G. RULE 79 (Petition and Contest for Letters of Administration)

a. Contents of Petition for Letters of Administration

b. Simultaneous Filing of Petition for Administration
c. Persons Interested

• Baluyut v. Cruz Paño, G.R. No. L-42088, May 7, 1976

H. RULE 80 (Special Administrator)

a. Role of Special Administrator

b. Appointment of Special Administrator
c. Special Administrator v. Regular Administrator
d. Powers and Duties of Special Administrator; Restrictions

• Tan v. Gedorio, G.R. No. 166520, March 14, 2008

I. RULE 81 (Bond of Executors and Administrators)

a. Posting of Bond by Executor and Administrators

b. Conditions, Nature
 c. 3-Month Period, Inventory
d. Importance

• Ocampo v. Ocampo, G.R. No. 187879, July 5, 2010

J. RULE 82 (Revocation of Administration, Death, Resignation, and Removal of

Executors or Administrators)

a. Effects on a pending intestate proceeding when a will is later discovered

b. Purpose of Administration
c. Grounds when courts may Remove or Accept resignation of
executor or administrator

K. RULE 83 (Inventory and Appraisal; Provision for Support of Family)

a. Executor or administrator to make inventory and render account

b. Articles not to be inventoried
c. Allowance to widow and family

L. RULE 84 (General Powers and Duties of Executors and Administrators)

a. General Powers and Duties of Executors and Administrators

b. Right to possession and management of the real and personal properties

M. RULE 85 (Accountability and Compensation of Executors and Administrators)

a. Necessary Expenses
b. Executor or administrator chargeable with all estate and income
c. Remedies to collect attorney’s fees in estate proceedings
d. Examinations on oath with respect to account
e. Instances when interested parties are entitled to notices

• Hilado v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 164108, May 8, 2009

• De Guzman v. De Guzman-Carillo, G.R. No. L-29276, May 18, 1978

N. RULE 86 (Claims against Estate)

a. Money Claims
b. Time within which claims shall be filed; Exceptions
c. Statute of Non-claims
d. Type of Claims that must be filed
e. Contingent claim
f. Sec. 5, Rule 86 vis-a-vis Section 11, Rule 6
g. Alternative remedies of a mortgage creditor upon death of debtor
h. Claim of Executor or administrator against the Estate; Procedure
i. Payment of Debts (See Rule 88)

• Metropolitan Bank & Trust Co. v. Absolute Management Corporation, G.R. No. 170498,
January 9, 2013
• Josefa Ignacio Hernandez v. Angelito Lee, G.R. No. 251554, September 2, 2020
• Union Bank v. Santibanez, G.R. No. 149926, February 23, 2005
 O. RULE 87 (Actions by and against Executors and Administrators)

a. Actions that may be brought against executor or administrator

b. Instances when the Heir may sue for the recovery of estate
property
c. Requisites before creditor may bring an action for
recovery of property fraudulently conveyed by the deceased

• Rioferio, et al. v. Court of appeals, G.R. No. 129008, January 13, 2004
• Rivera v. Ramirez, G.R. No. 189697, June 27, 2012
• Silverio v. Silverio, G.R. No. 208828-29, August 13, 2014

P. RULE 88 (Payment of the Debts of the Estate)

a. Order of preference for payment of debts

b. Contingent Claims

• Aldamiz v. Judge of CFI of Mindoro, G.R. No. L-2360, December 29, 1949

Q. RULE 89 (Sales, Mortgages, and other Encumbrances of Property of Decedent)

• Pahamotang v. PNB and the Heirs of Arguna, G.R. No. 156403, March 31, 2005

R. RULE 90 (Distribution and Partition of the Estate)

a. Liquidation
b. Project of Partition
c. Order of Distribution
d. Remedy of an heir entitled to residue but not given his share
e. Instances when probate court may issue writ of execution
f. Closure

• Vda. De Kilayko v. Tengco, G.R. No. 45425, March 27, 1992

• Guilas v. Judge of the CFI of Pampanga, G.R. No. L-26695, January 31, 1972
• Timbol v. Cano, G.R. No. L-15445, April 29, 1961
• Heirs of Hilario Ruiz v. Edmond Ruiz, G.R. No. 118671, January 29, 1996
• Pilapil v. Heirs of Briones, G.R. No. 150175, February 5, 2007

III. OTHER SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS

A. RULE 91 (ESCHEATS)

a. Concept of Escheat; Jurisdiction; Procedure

b. Real party-in-interest
c. Action for Reversion
d. Requisites for filing of petition
 e. Remedy of respondent against petition; period for filing a claim

• Republic v. Heirs of Cabrera, G.R. No. 218418, November 8, 2017

• Narcise v. Valbueco, G.R. No. 196888, July 19, 2017
• Alvarico v. Sola, G.R. No. 138953, June 6, 2002

B. RULE 92 (GUARDIANSHIP [VENUE])

a. Concept of Guardianship
b. Classification and Kinds of Guardians
c. Jurisdiction and Venue

C. RULE 93 (APPOINTMENT OF GUARDIANS)

a. Who may petition; Verified Petition

b. Grounds for Appointment
c. Incompetency of guardian vis-à-vis Incompetency of
person under guardianship
d. Persons who may petition for appointment of guardian with respect to a
resident minor under A.M. No. 03-02-05-SC vis-à-vis an incompetent
other than a minor under the Rules of Court
e. Contents of petition for guardianship over a minor under A.M. No. 03-02-
05-SC vis-à-vis contents of petition for guardianship over an incompetent
other than a minor under the Rules of Court
f. Study Report; Social Worker Intervention
g. Factors considered in appointing a guardian
h. Opposition or Contest on the Petition
i. See Article 225 of the Family Code

• Vancil v. Belmes, G.R. No. 132223, June 19, 2001

• Oropesa vs. Oropesa, G.R. No. 184528, April 25, 2012

D. RULE 94 (BOND OF GUARDIANS)

E. RUE 95 (SELLING AND ENCUMBERING PROPERTY OF WARD)

a. Grounds; Effect
b. Contents of order for sale or encumbrance

F. RULE 96 (GENERAL POWERS AND DUTIES OF GUARDIANS)

a. Authority
b. General Powers and Duties

G. RULE 97 (TERMINATION OF GUARDIANSHIP)

a. Removal or Resignation of Guardian

b. Other grounds for termination of guardianship
 c. Emancipation, Arts. 234 and 236 of the Family Code

• Cañiza v. Court of Appeals, G.R. No. 110427 February 24, 1997

• Abad v. Biazon, G.R. No. 191993, December 5, 2012

H. RULE ON GUARDIANSHIP OF MINORS UNDER A.M. NO. 03-02-05-SC

a. Parents as Legal Guardians

b. Appointment of Guardian
c. Venue for Filing a Petition of Guardianship
d. Grounds for the appointment of a guardian
e. Order of Preference in Appointing a Guardian, in default of
parents or a court-appointed guardian
f. Duties and Obligations of a Guardian
g. Removal or Resignation of Guardian
h. Grounds for the Termination of Guardianship

• Neri v. Heirs of Hadji Yusop Uy, G.R. No. 184528, April 25, 2012

I. RULE 98 (TRUSTEES)

a. Concept of Trust
b. Definitions
c. Bond; Conditions
d. Express Trust v. Implied Trust

• Landbank of the Philippines v. Perez, G.R. No. 166884, June 13, 2012

J. ADOPTION

a. Domestic Administrative Adoption and Alternative Child Care Act (R.A.

No. 11642)
b. Implementing Rules and Regulations of R.A. No. 11642
c. A.M. No. 02-06-02 dated April 19, 2022

d. Simulated Birth Rectification Act (R.A. No. 11222)

e. See Domestic Adoption (R.A. No. 8522), Inter-country Adoption (R.A. No.
8043), and A.M. No. 02-6-02-SC dated August 2, 2002

K. RULE 101 (PROCEEDINGS FOR HOSPITALIZATION OF INSANE PERSONS)

L. RULE 102 (HABEAS CORPUS)

a. Nature of the Petition for Habeas Corpus

b. Coverage, Rationale, Purpose
c. Territorial Extent of the Enforceability of the Writ
d. Concept of Restraint; Withholding of Rightful Custody
 e. Jurisdiction, Procedure, Form
f. Who may File; Contents of the Petition and Return
g. Peremptory Writ and Preliminary Citation
h. Applicability
i. Distinguished From Writ of Amparo and Writ of Habeas Data

• Abellana v. Hon. Paredes, G.R. No. 232006, July 10, 2019

• Reyes et al. v. Bantag et al., G.R. No. 251954, June 10, 2020
• Tujan-Militante v. Cada-Deapera, G.R. No. 210636, July 28, 2014
• Ampatuan v. Macaraig, G.R. No. 182497, June 29, 2010
• Jackson v. Macalino, G.R. No. 139255, November 24, 2003
• Boratong v. De Lima, G.R. No. 215585, September 8, 2020

j. Writ of Habeas Corpus In Relation to Custody of Minors (A.M. No. 03-04-

04-SC)
k. Requisites
l. Jurisdiction
m. Contents of the Petition
n. Interim Reliefs Available
o. Hague Abduction Convention

• Masbate vs. Relucio, G.R. No. 235498, 30 July 2018

M. WRIT OF AMPARO (A.M. No. 07-9-12-SC, as amended by SC Resolution dated October 16,
2007)

a. Distinction between Writs of Habeas Corpus, Amparo and Data

b. Definitions (Writ of Amparo, Extralegal Killings, Enforced Disappearances)
c. Nature, Coverage
d. Who May File, Contents of Petition
e. Jurisdiction and Venue; Extent of Enforceability
f. Return; Effects of Failure to file Return
g. Interim Reliefs Available to Petitioner
h. Prohibited Pleadings
i. Required Quantum of Evidence
j. Effect of filing a Criminal Action

• De Lima v. Gatdula, G.R. No. 204528, February 19, 2013

• In the Matter of the Petition for the Writ of Amparo and Habeas Data in favor of Noriel
Rodriguez v. Arroyo, et al, G.R. No. 191805, April 16, 2013
• Rubrico et al. v. Arroyo, G.R. No. 183871, February 18, 2010
• Navia v. Pardico, G.R. No. 184467, June 19, 2012
• Deduyo v. Vinoya, G.R. No. 254753, July 4, 2023

N. WRIT OF HABEAS DATA (A.M. No. 08-1-16-SC)

a. Definition, Coverage
 b. Jurisdiction and Venue; Extent of Enforceability
c. Who may File; Contents of the Petition
d. Return; Effects of Failure to file Return
e. Instances When Defenses May Be Heard in Chambers
f. Institution of Separate action

• Gamboa vs. Chan, G.R. No. 193636, 24 July 2012

• Lee vs. Ilagan, G.R. No. 203254, 8 October 2014
• Tapuz v. Del Rosario, G.R. No. 182484, June 17, 2008

O. RULE OF PROCEDURE FOR ENVIRONMENTAL CASES (A.M. NO. 09-6-8-SC) AND THE
WRIT OF KALIKASAN (Rule 7, A.M. NO. 09-6-8-SC)

a. Definition
b. Contents of the Petition
c. Jurisdiction and Venue
d. Reliefs that the parties may ask the court
e. Institution of separate action

• Segovia vs. Climate Change Commissino, G.R. No. 211010, March 7, 2017
• Citizens for a Green and Peaceful Camiguin vs. King Energy Gneration, Inc., G.R. No. 213426,
June 29, 2021
• Aquino vs. Agua Tierra Oro Mina Development Corporation, G.R. No. 214926, January 25,
2023
• Arigo v. Swift, G.R. No. 206510, September 16, 2014
• West Tower Condominium v. Phil. Ind. Corp., G.R. No. 194239, June 16, 2015

P. RULE 103 (CHANGE OF NAME)

a. Concepts
b. Differences Under Rule 103, R.A. No. 9048 as amended by R.A. No.
10172, and Rule 108
c. Requirements and Procedures in Filing the Petition
d. Grounds for Change of Name

• Republic vs Gallo, G.R. No. 207074, January 17, 2018

• Santos vs. Republic, G.R. No. 250520, May 5, 2021
• Bartolome vs. Republic. G.R. No. 243288, August 28, 2019
• Grande v. Antonio, G.R. No. 206248, February 18, 2014
• Republic v. Alanis, G.R. No. 216425, November 11, 2020

Q. RULE 107 (ABSENTEES)

a. Purpose; Jurisdiction
b. Who May File, When to File
c. See Articles 381 to 385 and 389 of the New Civil Code of the Philippines
 d. Judicial Declaration of Presumptive Death

• Republic v. Cantor, G.R. No. 184621, December 10, 2013

R. RULE 108 (CANCELLATION OR CORRECTION OF ENTRIES IN THE CIVIL

REGISTRY)

a. Who May File

b. Entries Subject to Cancellation or Correction under Rule 108, in relation to
R.A. No. 9048
c. Jurisdiction and Venue
d. Jurisdictional Requirements; Procedural Requirements
e. Grounds cancellation or correction
f. Rule 103 v. Rule 108

S. R.A. No. 9048, as amended by R.A. No. 10172 (Administrative Change of First
Name or Nickname and Correction of Clerical/Typographical Errors)

a. Entries subject to change/cancellation or correction

b. Ground for cancellation or correction
c. Publication
d. Clerical or typographical error
e. Ground for change of first name or nickname
f. R.A. 9048 v. Rule 103 v. Rule 108

• Silverio v. Republic, G.R. No. 174689, October 22, 2007

• Republic v. Cagandahan, G.r. No. 166676, September 12, 2008
• Fujiki v. Marinay et al., G.R. No. 196049, june 26, 2013
• Corpus v. Sto. Tomas, G.R. No 186571, August 11, 2010
• Republic v. Ontuca, G.R. No. 232053, July 15, 2020
• Republic v. Olaybar, G.R. No. 189538, February 10, 2014
• Republic v. Maligaya, G.R. No. 233068, November 9, 2020
• Republic v. Felix, G.R. No. 203371, June 30, 2020
• Fox v. Philippine Statistics Authority, G.R. No. 233520, March 6, 2019
• Civil Service Commission v. Rasuman, G.R. No. 239011, June 17, 2019

IV. RULE 109 (APPEALS IN SPECIAL PROCEEDINGS)

a. Judgments and Orders for Which Appeal May Be Taken

b. When to appeal
c. Modes of Appeal

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