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Prime Thermodynamics Merge

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604 views31 pages

Prime Thermodynamics Merge

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Jay Mark Fontanilla

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PRIME REVIEW ONLINE POWER & INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING REVIEW PRIME’S SUPPLEMENTARY ENHANCERS (THERMODYNAMICS 02)

THERMODYNAMICS 02 h = u + pv
PSE MODULE 12.2 (SOLUTION)
Btu  in 2  ft 3   1Btu 
1. Isentropic compression of 1 ft3 of air, Cp/Cv = 1.40, at 20 psia to a 1227.5 = u + (100 psia ) 144  4.934  
lb  ft 2  lb   778 ft-lb 
pressure of 100 psia gives a final volume of:  
A. 0.16 ft3 C. 0.32 ft3 * u = 1136.18Btu lb
B. 0.20 ft3 D. 0.40 ft3
Ans. A
Solution:
6. A nonflow (closed) system contains 1 lb of an ideal gas (Cp = 0.24,
P Vk = P Vk
1 1 2 2 Cv = 0.17). The gas temperature is increased by 10F while 5 BTU of

( ) ( )
1.4 1.4 work are done by the gas. What is heat transfer in BTU?
( 20 psia ) 1ft3 = (100 psia ) V2 A. -3.3 C. +6.7*
B. -2.6 D. +7.4
V = 0.32 ft 3
2
Ans. C Solution:
Q = ΔU + WNF
2. In another non-flow process involving 2kg of working substance Q = mC v ΔT + WNF
there is no heat transferred, but the internal energy increases 5000
 Btu 
kJ. Find the work done on or by the substance, J/kg Q = (1 lb )  0.17  (10°R ) + 5 Btu
A. 2500 kJ/kg C. 3000 kJ/kg  lb -°R 
B. -2500 kJ/kg* D.- 3000 kJ/kg Q = 6.7 Btu
Ans. C
Solution:
Q = ΔU + W 7. A water cooled reciprocating air compressor takes in air at 15 psia
O = ( 5000 kJ ) ( 2 kg ) +W and 600F and discharges it at 60 psia and 200F. Heat is removed
W = -2500 kJ kg in the amount of 21.4 Btu/lb. Assume steady flow conditions and
the work done, Btu/lb.
Ans. B A. -55 Btu/lb * C. 77 Btu/lb
B. 55 Btu/lb D. -77 Btu/lb

3. Calculate the work done by a system in which 1 kgmole of water Solution:

completely evaporates at 100 C and 1 atmosphere pressure.
A. 1000 kJ C. 2490 kJ Q = ΔH + W
B. 2130 kJ D. 3050 kJ * Q = mcpΔT + W
Btu  Btu 
Solution: -21.4 = (1)  0.24  ( 200°F - 60°F ) + W
lb  lb-°R 
Btu
W = pΔV = p Vg -V
f( ) W = -55
lb
 m3   18 kg  Ans. A
W = (101.325 kPa ) 1.6733-0.0010434  1 kmole. 
 kg  1 kmole 
 
W = 3050 kJ
Ans. D 8. A fluid at 100 psia has a specific volume of 4 ft3/lb. and enters an
apparatus with a velocity of 500 ft/sec. Heat radiation losses in
the apparatus are equal to 10 BTU/lb. of fluid supplied. The fluid
4. A cylinder fitted with a weightless, frictionless piston contains m leaves the apparatus at 20 psia with a specific volume of 15 ft3/lb.
pounds of air at temperature T1, volume V1, and ambient and a velocity of 1000 ft/sec.
pressure Pa. Heat is added until the air in the cylinder has a In the apparatus, the shaft work done by the fluid is equal to
temperature T2, a volume V2, and ambient pressure Pa. The 195,000 ft-lbf/lbm. Does the internal energy of the fluid increase
specific heat of air at constant pressure is Cp, and the specific or decrease, and how much is the change?
heat of air at constant volume is Cv. The heat transferred during A. -257.1 BTU/lb * C. -110.87 BTU/lb
the process is: B. -157.6 BTU/lb D. +125.45 BTU/lb
A. mCp (T2 – T1)
B. mCp(T2 – T1) + Pa (V2 – V1) Solution:
C. mCv (T2 – T1) - Pa (V2 – V1) By energy balance,
D. mCv (T2 – T1) + Pa (V2 – V1)* KE + P V + Q = KE + P V + W+ ΔU
1 1 1 2 2 2
Solution: Then,
V2 V2
(
Q = ΔU + Pa V - V
2 1 ) 1 + P V + Q = 2 + P V + W + ΔU
2g 1 1 2g 2 2
(
2 1 )
Q = mC v T - T + Pa V - V
2 1 ( ) ( 500 )
2
(100 )(144 )( 4 ) + -10
+ ( )
Ans. D ( 2 )( 32.2 )( 778) 778
2
=
(1000 ) + 20 (144 )(15) + 195000 + ΔU
5. At a pressure of 100 psia and 4000F
, the specific volume of steam 2 ( 32.2 )( 778 ) 778 778
is 4.934 ft³/lb,and the specific enthalpy is 1227.5 Btu/lb. Find the
internal energy at the given state Btu/lb. ΔU = - 257.10 Btu lbm
A. 1136.2 Btu/lb * Ans. A
B. 1045.7 Btu/lb
C. 2313.5 Btu/lb
D. 1324.4 Btu/lb

Solution:

CEBU: 4TH FLR. GMT BLDG. COR. P. DEL ROSARIO & JUNQUERA STS. CEBU CITY TEL NO. 032 416 8175 MANILA: RM 403 CMFFI BLDG. COR. R. PAPA & S.H. LOYOLA STS. SAMPALOC MANILA TEL. NO. 02 8353 0379
PRIME REVIEW ONLINE POWER & INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING REVIEW PRIME’S SUPPLEMENTARY ENHANCERS (THERMODYNAMICS 02)

9. What is the average kinetic energy of a gas molecules of 0F (-18C)? Q = Qw

F12
A. 5.28 x 10 -21 J * C. 2.54 x 10 -21 J
B. 3.45 x 10 -21 J D. 1.34 x 10 -21 J ms ( Δh ) = m w cΔT
lb  Btu   Btu 
 (10°F )
Solution 10 102 - 26  = m w 1
3 min  lb   lb -°F 
KE ave = kT
2 m w = 76 lb min
3 J 
 ( −18.8 + 273) K = 5.28 x10 J
KE ave = 1.3803x10−23 −21 Ans. B
2 molecule.K 
Ans. A 14. A 53.8 grams of finely divided aluminum is heated to 98.3 0C and
dropped into 76.2 grams of water at 18.60C contained in a calorimeter.
The final temperature of the mixture is 27.40C. The mass of the
calorimeter is 123 grams, and its specific heat may be taken as 0.092 cal
10. Twenty grams of oxygen gas (O2) are compressed at a constant
g-1deg-1. The combined thermal capacity of the thermometer and metal
temperature of 30 C to 5% of their original volume. What work is done
stirrer is 6.5 cal deg-1.Assuming no heat is lost from the system,
on the system?
calculate the mean specific heat of aluminum for the above temperature
A. 842 cal C. 944 cal
range.
B. 924 cal D. 1124 cal * A. 0.217 Cal/gm.C * C. 0.421 Cal/gm.C
Solution: B. 0.342 Cal/gm.C D. 0.312 Cal/gm.C
V  R
W = mRT ln  2  where R= Solution:
V  MW
 1 Q = Qw + Q + Qt
Al Cal
 8.314 J 
W = 20g   ( 30 + 273 K ) ln ( 0.05 ) where Q = mcΔT
 32 g-K   cal 
 1 cal  53.8g(c ) ( 98.3 - 27.4°C ) = 76.2g  1  ( 27.4-18.6°C )
W = − 4716.67 J  Al  g-k 

 4.187 J 
 cal  cal
W = − 1126.5 cal +123 g  0.092  ( 27.4-18.6 °C ) + 6.5 ( 27.4 − 18.6°C )
 g-k  g-k
Ans. D
cal
Thus, c = 0.217
Al g-k
11. An engine developing 30 brake horsepower must be cooled by a
radiator through which water is pumped from the engine. Using the Ans. A
following factors:
Heat transferred from engine to cooling water, expressed as
horsepower, equals 40 HP. 15. A high velocity flow of gas at 800 ft/sec possesses kinetic energy
Water temperatures in radiator: nearest to which of the following?
Top water = 2000F.
Bottom water = 1900F.
A. 1.03 BTU/lb C. 9.95 BTU/lb
Weight of 1 gallon of water = 8.33 lbs. Calculate the required rate of
B. 4.10 BTU/lb D. 12.8 BTU/lb*
flow of water in gallons per minute.
A. 15.4 gal/min C. 123.4 gal/min
Solution:
B. 20.4 ga/min* D. 14.5 gal/min
V2 (800 ft / s )
2

Solution: KE = =
2gcJ 2 32.2 ft / s 2 778 ft − lb
Q = m w CΔt where m w = ρ w V ( ) ( ) Btu
cool
 = 12.774 Btu/lb
Btu   lb   Btu 
40 hp  42.4  =  8.33  ( V ) 1  ( 200 - 190°F )
 min - hp   gal   lb - °F  Ans. D
V = 20.36 gpm
16. Power may be expressed in units of
Ans. B
A. ft-lbs C. HP-hours
B. BTU/hr* D. Kw-hours
12. A 55,000 gallons of water passes through a heat exchanger and absorbs
28,000,000 BTU’s. The exit temperature is 1100F. The entrance water
temperature in 0F is nearest to: Solution:
A. 49.* C. 68. Power → Btu hr
B. 56. D. 73.
Ans. B
Solution:
Q = m w cΔT where m w = ρ w V 17. Shaft work of -15 BTU/lb and heat transfer of -10 BTU/lb change
 lb  enthalpy of a system by
 Btu 
28 000 000 Btu =  8.33  ( 55000 gal ) 1  (110 - t ) A. -25 BTU/lb C. -10 BTU/lb
 gal   lb -°F  B. -15 BTU/lb D. +5 BTU/lb*
t = 48.885°F
Ans. A
Solution:
Q = Δh + W
-10 = Δh + ( -15 )
13. The mass flow rate of Freon 12 through a heat exchanger is 10
pounds/minute. Enthalpy of Freon entry is 102 BTU/lb. and of Freon Δh = 5Btu lb
exit is 26 BTU/lb. Water coolant is allowed to rise 100F. The water flow Ans. D
rate in pounds/minute is:
A. 24. C. 83.
B. 76.* D. 112.

Solution:

18. An ideal gas at a pressure of 500 psia and a temperature of 75 0F is Ws( Polytropic process ) → open/flow process
contained in a cylinder with a volume of 700 cubic feet. A certain
amount of the gas is released so that the pressure in the cylinder drops Ws =
n
1-n
( P2V2 - P1V1 ) = 1 n- n mR ( T2 -T1 )
to 250 psia. The expansion of the gas is isentropic. The heat capacity
ratio is 1.40 and the gas constant is 53.3 ftlbf/lbm0R. What is the weight  n-1 
of the gas remaining in the cylinder? n  P2  n 
= mRT1   -1
A. 1904 lbm C. 1077 lbm * 1-n  P1  
B. 1865 lbm D. 1243 lbm  
Ans. C
Solution:
P V
m remaining = 2 2 22. In a closed system (with a moving boundary) which of the following
RT
2 represents work done during an isothermal process?

T P  K
k-1
P V -PV
A. W = 2 2 1 1 =
mR T - T
2 1 ( )
Determining T from: 2 =  2
2 T P  1- n 1- n
1  1
1.4-1 B. W = 0
T  250  1.4
2 = 
75 + 460°R  500 
P  V  V  P 
T = 438.88°R C. W = P V ln  1  = P V ln  2  = mRT ln  2  = mRT ln  1  *
2 1 1 P  1 1 V  V  P 
 2  1  1  2
( )(
( 250 psia ) 144in 2 ft 2 700 ft 3 )
( )
m remaining = = 1077.28 lbm
 ft - lbf 
 53.3  ( 438.88°R ) P V -PV
D. W = 2 2 1 1 =
mR T - T
2 1
 lbm-°R  1- k 1- k
Ans. C
Solution:
19. A nonflow (closed) system contains 1 lb of an ideal gas
(Cp = 0.24, CV = 0.17) . The gas temperature is increased by W( Isothermal process ) → closed system
100F while 5 BTU of work are done by the gas. What is heat
transfer in BTU? P  V  V 
W = P V ln  1  = P V ln  2  = mRT ln  2 
A.-3.3 C. -2.6 1 1 P  1 1  V  V 
B.+6.7* D. +7.4  2  1  1
P 
Solution: = mRT ln  1 
P 
Q = ΔU + W = mCvΔt + W  2

 Btu  Ans. C
Q = (1 lb )  0.17  (10°R ) + 5 Btu = 6.7 Btu
 lb -°R 
23. Work of a polytropic (n = 1.21) compression of air Cp/Cv = 1.40 in a
Ans. B
system with moving boundary
P = 15. psia, V = 1.0 ft3
20. Shaft work of -15 BTU/lb and heat transfer of -10 BTU/lb change 1 1 ,
enthalpy of a system by P = 150. psia, V = 0.15 ft 3 :
A. -25 BTU/lb C. -15 BTU/lb 2 2
B. -10 BTU/lb D. +5 BTU/lb* A. 35.5 ft-lb C. 324 ft-lb
B. 1080 ft-lb D. 5150 ft-lb *
Solution:
Q = Δh + W Solution:
-10 = Δh + ( -15 )
Δh = 5Btu lb P V −P V
W= 2 2 1 1 =
( )
(150 psia ) 0.15 ft3 − (15 psia ) 1.0 ft 3 ( )
Ans. D 1 −n (1 − 1.21) 1ft 2 144 in 2 ( )
21. In an open or flow process (across a fixed control volume) in the W = − 5142.86 ft - lbf
absence of PE and KE changes, which of the following represents Ans. D
the shaft work done during a polytropic process?
 k-1 
 P  k 
A.W =
k
(
P V -PV =
S 1- k 2 2 1 1
k
)
1- k
(
mR T - T =
2 1
k
1- k
)mRT  2 
1  P 
- 1

24. Isentropic compression of 1 ft3 of air,, at 20 psia to a pressure of 100
 1 
    psia gives a final volume of:
A. 0.16 ft3 C. 0.20 ft3
P  V  V  P  B. 0.32 ft3 * D. 0.40 ft3
B. W = P V ln  1  = P V ln  2  = mRT ln  2  = mRT ln  1 
S 1 1 P  1 1 V  V  P 
 2  1  1  2
Solution:
 n−1 
 P  n  P Vk = P Vk
C. W =
n
(
P V −P V =
S 1−n 2 2
n
1 1 1−n )
mR T − T =
2
n
1 1−n (
mRT  2 
1  P ) − 1

1 1 2 2
 1 
( )
  1.4 1.4
 
( 20 )(1) = (100 ) V2
D. W = 0
S
V = 0.317 ft 3
2
Ans. B
Solution:

25. There are 3 lbs. of air in a rigid container at 25 psia and 100 0F.Given the PV = mRT

( )
gas constant for air is 53.35. Determine the volume of the container.  ft - lbf 
A. 24.9 ft3 * C. 34.5 ft3 ( 25psia )( V ) 144in 2 ft 2 = ( 3 lbs )  53.35  (100 + 460°R )
3  lbm -°R 
B. 32.5 ft D. 14.5 ft3
V = 24.9 ft 3
Solution: Ans. A

PV = mRT
30. Calculate the change in enthalpy as 1 kg of nitrogen is heated from 1000
(
( 25psia )( V ) 144in 2 ) 
ft 2 = ( 3 lbs )  53.35

ft - lbf 
lbm
 (100 + 460°R )
-°R 
K to 1500 K, assuming the nitrogen is an ideal gas at a constant pressure.
The temperature-dependent specific heat of nitrogen is:
V = 24.9 ft 3 Cp = 39.06 – 512.79 T-1.5 + 1072.7 T -2 – 820.4 T -3
Cp is in kJ/kmoleK, and T is in K.
Ans. A A. 600 kJ C. 800 kJ
B. 700 kJ * D. 900 kJ
26. A 10 m3 vessel initially contains 5 m3 of liquid water and 5 m3 of
saturated water vapor at 100 KPa. Calculate the internal energy of the Solution:
T2
system using the steam tables. from the steam tables,
f = 0.001043 m3/ kg 
ΔΗ = m C p dT
g = 1.6940 m3/ kg T1

 (39.06 − 512.79 T )
T2
uf = 417.3 kJ / kg
ΔΗ = (1 kg ) m −1.5 +1072.7 T −2 − 820.4 T −3 dT
ug = 2506 kJ / kg
5
A. 5 x 10 kJ C. 1 x 106 kJ T1

kJ-kg  1 kmol 
B. 8 x 105 kJ D. 2 x 106 kJ * ΔΗ = 19 524.41   = 697.3 kJ
kmol  28 kg 
Ans. B
Solution:
UT = U + U wv
liquid 31. In the p – V diagram shown, that addition occurs between points 1 and 2.
UT = m L u L + m wv Given that cv = 0.336 BTU/Ibm - R, what is the entropy produced during
this step?
 5 m3  kJ   5 m3  kJ 
UT =    417.3  +  2506 P
 0.001043m kg  
3 kg   1.6940 m kg  
3 kg

 2 461 psia,
   
2762 R
UT = 2.01x106 kJ
Ans. D
1 181 psia, 1081  R
27. There are 3 lbs. of air in a rigid container at 25 psia and 100 0F. Given
the gas constant for air is 53.35
Determine the volume of the container. V
A. 24.9 ft^3 * C. 21.4 ft^3 A. – 0.167 Btu/Ibm - R
B. 34.5 ft^3 D. 20.6 ft^3 B. 0 Btu/Ibm - R
C. 0.234 Btu/Ibm - R
Solution: D. 0.315 Btu/Ibm - R *
PV = mRT
Solution:
(
( 25psia )( V ) 144in 2 ) 
ft 2 = ( 3 lbs )  53.35

ft - lbf 
lbm -°R 
 (100 + 460°R ) P 
Δs = C v ln  2 
V = 24.9 ft 3 P 
 1
Ans. A  Btu   461 
Δs =  0.336  ln  
 lbm -°R   181 
28. What is the resulting pressure when one pound of air at 15 psia and 200 Btu
Δs = 0.31413
F is heated at constant volume to 800 F? lbm -°R
A. 15 psia C. 36.4 psia Ans. D
B. 24.9 psia * D. 52.1 psia
32. When two bodies, isolated from other environment, are in thermal
Solution: equilibrium with a third body, the two are in the thermal equilibrium with
P P each other. What is this law?
At constant volume: 1 = 2
T T
1 2
15 psia P A. Zeroth law of thermodynamics *
= 2
200 + 460°R 800 + 460 B. Second law of thermodynamics
P = 24.9 psia C. First law of thermodynamics
2 D. Third law of thermodynamics
Ans. B
Solution:
29. There are 3 lbs. of air in a rigid container at 25 psia and 100 0F.
Given Thermal equilibrium with each other
the gas constant for air is 53.35. What is the resulting absolute pressure? Zeroth law
A. 28.6 psia * C. 24.5 psia Ans. A
B. 23.4 psia D. 26.5 psia

Solution:

33. Which of the following is the measure of the randomness of the 39. A surface that is impervious to heat is
molecules of a substance? A. isothermal surface C. isochoric surface
A. Enthalpy C. Entropy * B. adiabatic surface * D. isobaric surface
B. Internal energy D. Heat
Solution:
Solution: impervious to heat → adiabatic
measure of randomness  entropy
Ans. B
Ans. C
40. A fully irreversible steady flow adiabatic process with no work being
done is
34. What is true about the polytropic exponent n, for a perfect gas A. isobaric process C. throttling process *
undergoing an isobaric process ? B. isothermal process D. isentropic process
A. n = 1 C. n = 
B. n = 1.4 D. n = 0 * Solution:

Solution: adiabatic w/o work → t hoottling

isobaric → n = 0 Ans. C
Ans. D
41. The ratio of the volume at the end of heat addition to the volume at
35. Consider 1 kg of air at 32°C that expanded by a reversible polytropic the start of heat addition is called__________.
process with n = 1.25 until the pressure is halved. Determine the heat A. compression ratio C. air-fuel ratio
transfer. Specific heat at constant volume for air is 0.7186 kJ/kg.K. B. volumetric ratio D. cut-off ratio*
A. 17.02 kJ heat rejected
B. 17.02 kJ heat added * Solution:
C. 7.05 kJ heat rejected Vend heat added Vstart heat added = cut-off
D. 7.05 kJ heat added
Ans. D
Solution:

2 (
Q = mCn T − T
1 ) k − n
where: Cn = C v  
 1− n 
42. What is the root-mean-squared velocity of oxygen molecules at 70F
(20C)?
Solving for T : A. 478 m/s * C. 786 m/s
2
n-1 1.25−1 Solution:
T P  n t + 273  1  1.25
2 = 2  2 =   t = -7.48°C
T P  32 + 273  2  2
1  1 Vrms =
3kT
→ where : k = 1.3803x10−23 J / molecule.K
 kJ   1.4-1.25  m
Qn = (1kg )  0.7186   ( -7.48-32 k )
 kg-k   1-1.25  3kT 3(1.3803x10−23 J / molecule.K )(20 + 273) K
Vrms = = = 478m / s
Qn = 17.023 kJ ( Added )  MW   0.032 kg / mol 
   
 6.023x10 molecule / mol 
23

Ans. B  NA 
Ans. A
36. For an irreversible process, what is true about the total change in
entropy of the system and surroundings?
A. ds = dQ/T C. ds > 0 * 43. Dry air can be approximated as ___% oxygen and ____% nitrogen by
B. ds = 0 D. ds < 0 mole numbers.
A. 30 % and 70 % C. 70 % and 30 %
Solution: B. 21 % and 79 % * D. 79 % and 21 %
Irreversible entropy change → ds > 0
Solution:
Ans. C
Dry air ( moles ) → 21% & 79%

37. A system in which there is no exchange of matter with the surrounding Ans. B
or mass does not cross its boundaries.
A. Open system C. Closed system * 44. When H2O in the products of combustion is in liquid form, the heating
B. Isolated system D. Nonflow system value is known as
A. higher heating value *
Solution: B. lower heating value
no exchange of matter → closed C. low and medium heating value
Ans. C D. average heating value
Solution:
38. If an initial volume of saturated steam is expanded isothermally to twice H 2 O in POC in liquid → HHV
the initial volume, the pressure Ans. A
A. decreases* C. increases
B. halves D. doubles
45. An adiabatic process
Solution: A. allows heat transfer into the system but not out of the system.
B. allows heat transfer out of the system but not into the system.
( T = C ) V2 = 2V1, P1V1 = P2V2 → P decrease C. may be reversible.*
Ans. A D. is one in which enthalpy remains unchanged.

Solution:
Adiabatic → may be reversible
Ans. C

46. Which of the following has a pressure higher than the saturation Adiabatic ( Q = 0 ) & isentropic ( Q = 0 & Rev )
pressure corresponding to the existing temperature.
A. Saturated liquid C. Compressed liquid * Ans. D
B. Superheated vapor D. Saturated vapor

Solution: 54. Which of the following is true for any process?

P >Psat → compressed liquid A. S (Surrounding) + S (system) > 0
Ans. C B. S (Surrounding) + S (system) < 0
C. S (Surrounding) + S (system)  0
47. Which of the following represents the highest pressure and highest D. S (Surrounding) + S (system)  0 *
temperature at which liquid and vapor can co-exist in equilibrium?
A. Triple point C. Boiling point Solution:
B. Critical point * D. Melting point True → Δssur + Δssys  0
Ans. D
Solution:
Co existing in equilibrium → CP 55. In any non quasi-static thermodynamic process, the overall entropy of
Ans. B an isolated system will
A. increase and then decrease
B. decrease and then increase
48. At critical point, the latent enthalpy of vaporization is C. increase only *
A. minimum C. zero * D. decrease only
B. maximum D. indeterminate
Solution:
Solution: non quasi → s increases
CP L V = 0 Ans. C
Ans. C

49. How many independent properties are required to completely fix the 56. Which of the following statements about entropy is false?
equilibrium state of a pure gaseous compound? A. Entropy of a mixture is greater than that of its components under
A. 1 C. 2 * the same condition
B. 3 D. 4 B. An irreversible process increases entropy of the universe
C. Net entropy change in any closed cycle is zero
D. Entropy of a crystal at 0 °F is zero *
Solution:
Solution:
Independent properties → 2
entropy ( false statement ) → s = 0 @ 0F
Ans. C
Ans. D
50. Calculate the approximate enthalpy of water at 90 oC.
A. 366.83 kJ/kg C. 376.83 kJ/kg* 57. Equilibrium condition exist in all except which of the following?
B. 386.83 kJ/kg D. 396.83 kJ/kg A. In reversible processes
B. In processes where driving forces are infinitesimals
Solution: C. In a steady state flow process *
h = Cpt = 4.187 ( 90 ) = 376.83kJ kg D. Where nothing can occur without an effect on the system’s
surrounding
Ans. C
Solution:
51. Which of the following is true for water at a reference temperature Equilibrium except → steady flow
where enthalpy is zero? Ans. C
A. Internal energy is negative *
B. Entropy is non – zero
C. Specific volume is zero 58. The properties that are dependent upon the mass of the system and are
D. Vapor pressure is zero total values such as total volume and total internal energy.
A. Intensive properties
Solution: B. Extensive properties *
h = 0 → U is negative C. Specific properties
Ans. A D. State properties
Solution:
52. How is the quality x of a liquid – vapor mixture defined? Dependent upon mass → extensive
A. The fraction of the total volume that is saturated vapor
B. The fraction of the total volume that is saturated liquid Ans. B
C. The fraction of the total mass that is saturated vapor *
D. The fraction of the total mass that is saturated liquid
59. The properties that are independent of the mass of the system such as
Solution: temperature, pressure, density and voltage.
x = mx m T A. Intensive properties * C. Extensive properties
Ans. C B. Specific properties D. State properties

Solution:
53. How does an adiabatic process compare to an isentropic process?
Independent of mass → intensive
A. Adiabatic: Heat transfer = 0 , Isentropic: Heat transfer = 0
B. Adiabatic: Heat transfer = 0 , Isentropic: Heat transfer = 0 Ans. A
C. Adiabatic: Reversible, Isentropic: Not reversible
D. Both: Heat transfer = 0; Isentropic: Reversible*
Solution:

60. The device that measure temperature by the electromotive force called intensive  temp, pressure, composition
thermocouple was discovered by :
Ans. C
A. Galileo C. Fahrenhiet
B. Celsius D. Seebeck *
66. Which of the following thermodynamic relations is incorrect?
Solution: A. TdS = dU + pdV C. U = Q – W
Thermo couple → Seebeck B. Tds = dH - Vdp D. H = U –pV *
Ans. D
Solution:
Incorrect relation → H = U - pV
61. The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at which: Ans. D
A. the solid and liquid phases are in equilibrium
B. the liquid and gaseous phases are in equilibrium
C. the solid, liquid and the gaseous phases are in equilibrium 67. Find the work posses for a Helium gas at 20 deg C.
D. the solid does not melt, the liquid does not boil and the gas does not A. 609 kJ/kg * C. 229 kJ/kg
condense* B. 168 kJ/kg D. 339 kJ/kg

Solution: Solution:
Triple pt → Solid does not melt, liquid doesn't boil and gas does not condense W = RT
Ans. D  8.314 kJ 
W=   ( 20 + 273 k )
 4 kg-k 
62. What is the resulting pressure when one pound of air at 15 psia and W = 609 kJ kg
200 deg F is heated at constant volume to 800 deg F? Ans. A
A. 15 psia C. 36.4 psia
B. 28.6 psia D. 52.1 psia
68. If air is at pressure, p, of 3200 ibf/ft2, and at a temperature, T, of 800
R, what is the specific volume, ? ( R = 53.3 ft-Ibf/Ibm-R, and air
Solution: can be modeled as an ideal gas)
At constant volume A. 9.8 ft3 / Ibm C. 13.3 ft3 / Ibm *
3
P1 P2 B. 11.2 ft / Ibm D. 14.2 ft3 / Ibm
=
T1 T2
Solution:
15 psia P2
= From PV = mRT
200 + 460 °R 800 + 460 °R
P = RT
P2 = 28.64 psia
 lbf  ft-lbf
 3200 2  ( ) = 53.3 lbm -°R (800°R )
Ans. B
 ft 

63. A 200 g of water are heated from 5 C to 100 C and vaporized at a  = 13.325ft3 lbm
constant pressC is 539.2 cal/g. The heat capacity at constant pressure, Ans. C
cp, is 1.0 cal/g K. determine the total change in entropy.
A. 248.2 cal / K C. 348.2 cal / K *
69. Steam at 1000 Ibf/ft2 pressure and 300 R has a specific volume of
B. 298.2 cal / K D. 398.2 cal / K
6.5ft3 / Ibm and a specific enthalpy of 9800 Ibf-ft/Ibm. Find the
internal energy per pound mass of steam.
Solution: A. 2500 lbf - ft / lbm C. 5400 lbf - ft / lbm
The total entropy is, B. 3300 lbf - ft / lbm * D. 6900 lbf - ft / lbm
ΔsT = Δs + Δs
1 2
T  Q Solution:
ΔsT = mCpln  2  + → where: Q = mL v
T  T From: h = u + pv
 1
Subst. values:
 100 + 273  ( 200 )( 539.2 )
ΔsT = ( 200 g )(1.0cal g - K ) ln  + ft - lbf  lbf   ft 3 
 5 + 273  100 + 273 K 9800 = u +  100   65 
ΔsT = 347.91cal k lbm  ft 2   lbm 
ft - lb
Ans. C u = 3300
lbm
Ans. B
64. Find the enthalpy of Helium if its internal energy is 200 kJ/kg.
A. 144 kJ/kg C. 333.42 kJ/kg *
B. 223.42 kJ/kg D. 166 kJ/kg
70. Find the change in internal energy of 5 Ibm of oxygen gas when the
temperature changes from 100F to 120F. cv = 0.157 BTU / Ibm - R.
Solution:
A. 14.7 BTU C. 16.8 BTU
h h kJ
k=  1.667 =  h = 333.4 B. 15.7 BTU * D. 147 BTU
u 200 kg
Ans. C Solution:
ΔU = mc vΔT
65. Which of the following properties are intensive properties?  Btu 
ΔU = ( 5 lbm )  0.157  (120°F - 100°F )
I. temperature  lbm-°R 
II. pressure ΔU = 15.7 Btu
III. composition
IV. mass Ans. B
A. I only C. I, II, and III *
B. IV only D. I and IV

Solution:

71. Water (specific heat cv = 4.2 kJ / kgK) is being heated by a 1500 W P =P + Pg

ABS ATM
heater. What is the rate of change in temperature of 1 kg of the water?
 101.325 kPa 
A. 0.043 K / s C. 0.357 K / s * P = (14.8 + 50 psia )  
ABS  14.7 psia 
B. 0.179 K / s D. 1.50 K / s
P = 446.66 kPa
ABS
Solution:
Ans. B
Q = mCvΔT
 kJ   1000 J  77. An automobile tire is inflated to 35 psig at 54 oF. After being driven,
1500 W = (1 kg )  4.2  ( ΔT )  
 kg-k   1 kJ  the temperature rises to 80 oF. Determine the final gage pressure
ΔT = 0.357 k s assuming that the tire is inflexible.
A. 36.51 psig C. 37.51 psig *
Ans. C B. 38.51 psig D. 39.51 psig

72. Steam turbine is receiving 1014 lbm/hr of steam, determine the Solution:
horsepower output of the turbine if the work done by steam is 251 At V = C,
Btu/lbm P P
1= 2
A. 100 Hp * C. 462.7 Hp
T T
B. 200 Hp D. 6002.7 Hp 1 2
Solution: 35 + 14.7 psia P2 +14.7 psia
=
54°F + 460 80°F + 460
Po = mW P = 37.514 psig
2
lbm  Btu   1hp 
Po = 1014  251   Ans. C
hr  lbm   2545Btu hr 
Po = 100 hp 78. The air in an automobile tire with a volume of 0.53 ft 3 is at 90 deg F
Ans. A and 20 psig. Determine the amount of air that must be added to raise
the pressure to the recommended value of 30 psig. Assume the
atmospheric pressure to be 14.7 psia and the temperature and the
73. How many Btu (joules) are needed to isothermally compress 4 lbm ( 2 kg) volume to remain constant.
of 240F (120C) air to twice the original pressure? A.0.026 lb * C.0.066 lb
A. – 156.4 kJ * C. – 124.5 kJ B.0.046 lb D.0.086 lb
B. – 345.5 kJ D. – 324.5 kJ
Solution:
Solution:
m =m -m
added final initial
Q = mRT ln ( P2 / P1 ) PV
where m =
 P  RT
Q = ( 2 )( 0.287 )(120 + 273) ln  1  = −156.4kJ
 2 P1 
m =
( 30 + 14.7 psia ) (0.53 ft3 )(144in 2 ft 2 )
added  ft - lbf 
 ( 90 + 460°R )
Ans. A
 53.342
 lbm -°R 
74. One kilogram of water (cv = 4.2 kJ / kgK) is heated by 300 BTU of
energy. What is the change in temperature, in K? −
( ) ( )(
20 + 14.7 psia 0.53 ft 3 144in 2 ft 2 )
 lbf - ft 
A. 17.9 K C. 73.8 K  53.342  ( 90 + 460°R )
 lbm -°R 
B. 71.4 K D. 75.4 K *
m = 0.026 lb
added
Solution: Ans. A
Q = mC vΔT
 1.055 kJ   kJ 
 = (1 kg )  4.2  ( ΔT )
300Btu  79. What is the equation for the work done by a constant temperature
 1Btu   kg-K  system?
ΔT = 75.357 K V
A. W = mRT In (V - V ) C. W = mRT In 2
2 1 V
Ans. D 1
V V
B. W = mR (T - T ) In 2 D. W = RT In 2
75. Determine the change in enthalpy per Ibm of nitrogen gas as its 2 1 V V
1 1
temperature changes from 500 F to 200 F. (cp = 0.2483 BTU / Ibm - Solution:
R) at T = C
A. - 74.49 BTU / Ibm * C. - 68.47 BTU / Ibm
V 
B. - 72.68 BTU / Ibm D. 63.78 BTU / Ibm W = mRT ln  2 
V 
 1
Solution:
Ans. C
Δh = CpΔt
 Btu 
Δh =  0.2483  ( 200 - 500°R ) 80. Unknown volume of container gas of gas of 1 atmosphere is allowed to
 lbm -°R  expand to another container of 10 m3 volume at 500 mm Hg at
Δh = -74.49 Btu lbm constant temperature. Find the unknown volume.
A. 6.58 m3 * C. 6.75m3
Ans. A
B. 5.67 m3 D. 7.65 m3
76. A pressure gage registers 50 psig in a region where the barometer
reads 14.8 psia. Find the absolute pressure in kPa. Solution:
A. 666.66 kPa C. 556.66 kPa
B. 446.66 kPa * D. 336.66 kPa

Solution:

At constant temp: P V = P V 86. An ideal gas at 0.80 atmospheres and 87°C 0.450 liter. How many
1 1 2 2
moles are in the sample? (R = 0.0821 liter-atm/mole-K)
( )  1 atm 
(1 atm ) V1 = ( 500 mmHg )   10 m
 760 mmHg 
3
( ) A. 0.0002 mole
B. 0.0378 mole
C. 0.0122 mole *
D. 0.0091 mole
V = 6.58 m3
1 Solution:
Ans. A PV = nRT

( 0.80 atm )( 0.450 L ) = n  0.0821

k - atm 
 (87 + 273 k )
81. Two kilogram of air in a rigid tank changes its temperature from 32°C  mole - K 
to 150°C. Find the work done during the process. n = 0.0122 mole
A. 236 C. 195
B. 170 D. 0 * Ans. C

Solution: 87. Atmospheric pressure boils at 212°F. At the vacuum pressure at 24 in

Rigid tank → Vol is constant thus W = 0 Hg, the temperature is 142°F. Find the boiling temperature when the
Ans. D pressure is increased by 420 psia from atmospheric.
A. 449.42°F * C. 479.13°F
B. 526.34°F D. 263.45°F
82. A rigid container holds 1.5 kg of air at 175 kPa and 40° C. What is the
volume of the container? Solution:
A. 0.57 m3 C. 0.77 m3 * Using steam tables:
B. 0.67 m3 D. 0.87 m3
At P = 420 psi, t sat = 449.4307°F
Solution: Ans. A
PV = mRT
 kJ  88. If air is at a pressure of 22.22 psia and at temperature of 800oR, what is
(175 kPa )( V ) = (1.5 kg )  0.287  ( 40 + 273 K ) the specific volume?
 kg-k 
A. 11.3 ft3/lbm C. 33.1 ft3/lbm
V= 0.77 m3 3
B. 13.3 ft /lbm * D. 31.3 ft3/lbm
Ans. C Solution:
PV = RT
83. What theoretical power is required for the isothermal compression of
25 cubic meters of air per minute from one atmosphere to 830 kPa (
( 22.22 psia )( v ) 144in 2 )
ft 2 = 53.342
lbf - ft
lbm -°R
(800°R )
absolute pressure.
A. 94 kW C. 84 kW v = 13.3 ft 3 lbm
B. 89 KW * D. 79 kW Ans. B

Solution:
P  89. If the specific weight of a liquid is 58.5 lbf per cubic foot, what is the
W = P V ln  1 
1 1 P  specific volume of the liquid, cm3/g?
 2
A. 0.5321 cm3/g C. 0.6748 cm3/g
 m3   1 min   101.325  B. 0.9504 cm3/g D. 1.0675 cm3/g *
W = (101.325 kPa )  25 
 min   60 s   830 
n
  Solution:
W = -88.79 kW g
δ = ρg δ=
Ans. B v
lbf 32.2ft s2
58.5 =
84. Compute the mass of a 2 m3 propane at 280 kPa and 40°C. ft 3  lbm - ft 
V  32.2 
A. 6.47 kg C. 10.20 kg  lbf - s2 
B. 5.1 kg D. 9.47 kg * 3

Solution:
( )
 1 lbm   12 in  2.54 cm  
V = 0.0171ft3 lbm    
 454g   1 ft  1 in  

Propane → C H V = 1.0662cm3 g
3 8
MW = 12 ( 3) +1(8 ) = 44 Ans. D
Then, PV = mRT

( 2m3 ) = m  8.314 kJ 

90. What is the resulting pressure when one pound of air at 0.3 psig and 200
( 280 kPa )  ( 40 + 273 k )
oF is heated at constant volume to 800 oF?
44 kg-k  A. 0.572 psig C. 28.6psia *
m = 9.469 kg B. 7.857 psia D. 1.2 psig
Ans. D
Solution:
At constant volume:
85. Determine the atmospheric pressure at a location where barometric
reading is 740 mm Hg and gravitational acceleration is g = 9.7 m/s2. P P
1= 2
Assume the temperature of mercury to be 10°C, at which the density is T T
1 2
13,570 kg/m3.
0.3 + 14.7 psia P
A. 99.45 kPa C. 95.44 kPa = 2
B. 97.41 kPa * D. 98.66 kPa 200 + 460 °R 800 + 460 °R
P = 28.64 psia
2
Solution:
Ans. C

P = ρgh = 13570

kg 
m3 
 9.7 m s (
2  740 mm 
)
 1000 mm m 
P = 97405.46 Pa = 97.41 kPa
Ans. B

91. A mixture of 0.4 lbm of helium and 0.2 lbm of oxygen is compressed 95. In a reversible process, the state of system changes from state 1 to state
polytropically from 14.7 psia and 600F to 60 psia according to n = 1.4. 2 as shown on the p-V diagram. What does the shaded area on the
Determine the final temperature, T2. diagram represent?
A. 727.70R C. 722.70R 1
B. 777.20R* D. 277.70R P

Solution: 2
Polytropic Process
n-1
T P n V

2= 2  A. free energy change
T P 
 1
1 B. heat transfer
1.4-1 C. enthalpy charge
T  60  1.4 D. work done by the system *
2 = 
60 + 460 °R  14.7 
T = 777.19 °R
2 Solution:
Ans. B Shaded area in pV → Work
Ans. D
92. During the working stroke of an engine the heat transferred out of the
system was 150 kJ/kg of working substances. The internal energy also 96. Determine the change in enthalpy per Ibm of nitrogen gas as its
decreased by 400 kJ/kg of working substance. Determine the work
temperature changes from 500 F to 200 F. (cp = 0.2483 BTU / Ibm -
done.
R)
A. 250 kJ/kg * C.550 kJ/kg
B. 600 kJ/kg D.350 kJ/kg A. - 74.49 BTU / lbm * C. - 68.47 BTU / lbm
B. - 72.68 BTU / lbm D. 63.78 BTU / lbm
Solution:
Q = ΔU + W Solution:
kJ kJ Δh = CpΔt
-150 = -400 +W
kg kg  Btu 
Δh =  0.2483  ( 200 - 500°R )
kJ  lbm -°R 
W = 250
kg Btu
Δh = -74.49
Ans. A lbm
Ans. A
93. What is the absolute pressure if the gauge pressure is reading 9 bar and
the atmospheric pressure is 0.9bar? 97. The tank of an air compressor has a volume of 3 ft³ and is filled with air
A. 6.3 bar C. 7.8 bar at a temperature of 40 °F. If a gage on the tank reads 150 psig, what is
B. 9.9 bar * D. 8.1 bar the mass of the air in the tank?
A. 1.78 lbs C. 2.00 lbs
Solution: B. 2.67 lbs* D. 1.98 lbs
P =P +P
Abs g atm
P = 9 + 0.9 bar Solution:
Abs PV = mRT
P = 9.9 bar

( )
in 2   lbf - ft 
Abs
(150 +14.7 psia ) 144 3
 3 ft = m  53.342  ( 40 + 460°R )
Ans. B  ft 2   lbm -°R 
m = 2.67 lbm
94. A vessel with a volume of 1 cubic meter contains liquid water and water Ans. B
vapor in equilibrium at 600 kPa. The liquid water has a mass of 1 kg.
Using the steam tables, calculate the mass of the water vapor. from the 98. What is the mass of acetylene gas, V=0.94 cu.ft., R=59.35 ft.lb/lb ˚R, T
steam tables at 600 kPa: = 90˚F, P= 200 psia
f = 0.001101 m3/ kg A. 0.816 lb C. 0.841 lb
g = 0.3157 m3/ kg B. 0.829 lb * D. 0.852 lb
A. 0.99 kg C. 3.16 kg *
B. 1.57 kg D. 2.54 kg Solution:
Acetylene gas:
Solution: by: PV = mRT
VL + Vwv = VT
where V = mv
(
( 200 psia ) 144in 2 )( ) 
ft 2 0.94 ft 3 = m  59.35

ft - lbf 
lbm
 (90 + 460°R )
-°R 
m = 0.82935 lbm
m L vL + m wv v wv = 1 m3
Ans. B
 m3   m3 
(1 kg )  0.001101  + m wv  0.3157  = 1 m3
 kg   kg  99. Determine the pressure exerted on a diver at 30 m below the free
m wv = 3.164 kg surface of the sea. Assume a barometric pressure of 101 kPa and the
specific gravity of sea water is 1.03.
Ans. C A. 404 kPa* C. 410 kPa
B. 420 kPa D. 430 kPa

Solution:

PT = Patm + Pw ( )
where Pw = δHW ( sg ) h

 kN 
PT = 101 kPa +  9.81  (1.03)( 30 m )
 m3 
PT = 404.129 kPa
Ans. A

100. An air compressor has an inlet enthalpy of 35 Btu/lb and an exit

enthalpy of 70 Btu/lb. The mass flow rate of air is 3 lb/s. If the heat loss
is 466.62 Btu/min, find the work input to the compressor.
A. 139.59 hp C. 149.59 hp
B. 159.59 hp* D. 169.59 hp

Solution:
By energy balance,
H + Q = H +W
1 2
 Btu   Btu  1 min   Btu 
3lb s  35  +  - 466.62   = 3lb s  70 + W
 lb   min  60 s   lb 
Btu  3600 s   1 hp 
W = -112.777    = -159.53 hp
s  1 hr   2545 Btu hr 
Ans. B

…End…

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THERMODYNAMICS 03 P = mΔh = m ( h1 - h 2 )
PSE MODULE 12.3 (SOLUTION) where: h 2 = xh fg + h f
h 2 = 152 + 0.88 ( 2415 ) kJ/kg = 2277.2 kJ/kg
1. Steam at a pressure of 9 bar (hf = 743 kJ/kg , hfg = 2031 kJ/kg) is generated
in an exhaust gas boiler from feedwater at 80C (h = 334.9 kJ/kg). If the  kg   kJ 
P =  0.25   3117 − 2277.2  = 209.95 kW
dryness fraction of the steam is 0.96, determine the heat transfer per  s  kg 
kilogram of steam.
Ans. B
A. 2357.86 * C. 1357.86
B. 3357.86 D. 5357.86
7. Which of the following is the basis for Bernoulli’s law for fluid flow?
Solution:
A. The principle of conservation of mass
Q = h = h 2 - h1 B. The principle of conservation of energy
where:h1 = h f + xh fg = 743+ ( 0.96 )( 2031) kJ/kg = 2692.76 kJ/kg C. The continuity equation
D. Fourier’s law
h 2 = 334.9 kJ/kg → given
Q = 2692.76 - 334.9 kJ/kg = 2357.86 kJ/kg Answer: B
Ans. A
8. Steam enters the superheaters of a boiler at a pressure of 20 bar (hf = 909
kJ/kg, hfg = 1890 kJ/kg , g = 0.09957 m3/kg ) and dryness 0.98 and leaves
2. If wet saturated steam at 8 bar (hfg = 2048 kJ/kg) requires 82 kJ of heat at the same pressure at a temperature of 350C ( h = 3138 kJ/kg,  = 0.
per kg of steam to completely dry it, what is the dryness fraction of the 1386 m3/kg ). Find the percentage increase in volume due to drying and
steam? superheating.
A. 0.76 C. 0.96 * A. 12.04 C. 32.04
B. 0.86 D. 0.66 B. 22.04 D. 42.04 *
Solution: Solution:

2 - 1 0.1386 - 0.98 ( 0.09957 )

Q + xh fg = h fg
% = = = 42.04%
x=
h fg - Q
=
2048 - 82
= 0.96 1 0.98 ( 0.09957 )
h fg 2048
Ans. D
Ans. C

9. Steam at the rate of 500 kg/hr is produced by a steady flow system boiler
3. How many independent properties are required to completely fix the from feedwater entering at 40C. Find the rate at which heat is
equilibrium state of a pure gaseous compound? transformed in kCal/hr if the enthalpy of steam is 600 kCal/kg and of
A. 1 steam 50 kCal/kg.
B. 2 A. 275,000 kCal/hr * C. 375,000 kCal/hr
C. 3 B. 175,000 kCal/hr D. 475,000 kCal/hr
D. 4
Solution:
Answer: B
kg  kcal 
Q = m ( h ) = 500  600 - 50 
hr  kg 
4. If wet saturated steam at 8 bar (hfg = 2048 kJ/kg) requires 82 kJ of heat
kcal
per kg of steam to completely dry it, what is the dryness fraction of the Q = 275 000
steam? hr
A. 0.07 C. 0.96 Ans.A
B. 0.86 D. 0.04
10. Steam leaves an industrial boiler at 827.4 kPa and 171.6C (hf = 727.25
Solution: kJ/kg, hfg = 2043.2 kJ/kg). A portion of the steam is passed through a
throttling calorimeter and is exhausted to the atmosphere when the
Q + xh fg = h fg
calorimeter pressure is 101.4 kPa and a temperature of 115.6C (h =
h fg - Q 2048 - 82 2707.6 kJ/kg). How much moisture does the steam leaving the boiler
x= = = 0.96 → y = 1 − 0.96 = 0.04 4%
h fg 2048 contain?
A. 2.08 % C. 4.08 %
Ans. D
B. 3.08 % * D. 5.08 %
Solution:
5. Which of the following is true for water at a reference temperature
where enthalpy is zero? h = h f + xh fg
A. Internal energy is negative *
2707.6 = 727.25 + x ( 2043.2 )
B. Entropy is non – zero
C. Specific volume is zero x = 0.969 thus, y = 1 - x = 0.0308
D. Vapor pressure is zero Alternate Sol: (Mode Stat ) / Mode 3,2
Answer: A x y
100 727.25
0 727.25 + 2043.2
6. A turbo-generator is supplied with superheated steam at a pressure of 30 
bar and temperature 350C (h = 3117 kJ/kg). The pressure of the exhaust 2707.6 x 3.08%
steam from the turbine is 0.06 bar (hf = 152 kJ/kg, hfg = 2415 kJ/kg) with Ans B
a dryness fraction of 0.88. If the turbine uses 0.25 kg per second, calculate
the power equivalent of the total enthalpy drop. 11. One kilogram of wet steam at a pressure of 8 bar ( g = 0.2404 m3/kg, f
A. 109.95 kW C. 309.95 kW = 0.0011148 m3/kg ) and dryness 0.94 is expanded until the pressure is 4
B. 209.95 kW * D. 409.95 kW bar ( g = 0.4625 m3/kg, f = 0.0010836 m3/kg ). If expansion follows the
law PVn = C, where n = 1.12, find the dryness fraction of the steam at the
Solution: lower pressure.
A. 0.9072 * C. 0.2260
B. 0.4197 D. 0.2404

Solution: 15. Wet saturated steam at 16 bar (hf = 859 kJ/kg , hfg = 1935 kJ/kg, x = 0.98)
reducing valve and is throttled to a pressure of 8 bar ( hf = 721 kJ/kg, hfg
1 = f1 + x1fg1 = 2048 kJ/kg ). Find the dryness fraction of the reduced pressure steam.
= 0.0011148 + 0.94 ( 0.2404 - 0.0011148) A. 0.8833 C. 0.9933 *
1 = 0.226 m3 / kg B. 0.7733 D. 0.6633
then, P1 V1n = P2 V2n Solution:

(8 )( 0.226 ) = ( 4 )( v 2 ) h1 = h 2 → where: h = h f + xh fg
1.12 1.12

2 = 0.4197 m / kg 3
h f1 + x1 h fg1 = h f2 + x 2 h fg2
2 = f2 + xfg2 859 + ( 0.98 )(1935 ) = 721 + x 2 ( 2048 )
0.4197 = 0.0010836 + x 2 ( 0.4625 - 0.0010836 ) x 2 = 0.9933
x 2 = 0.9073 Ans. C
Alternate Sol: Calcu: Mode 3 2
x y ( ) 16. Identify the condition of “steam” at the following pressure and
0 0.0011148 temperature 1150 psia, 300F (Use: Steam Table, English Unit)
100 0.2404 A. compressed liquid *

B. indeterminate – may be saturated liquid
94 y = 0.226 m3 / kg → 1 C. indeterminate wet -vapor or saturated vapor.
D. superheated
T
P1V1n = P2 V2n
Solution: tsat = 562F
(8 )( 0.226 ) = ( 4 )( V2 )
1.12 1.12
tact = 300F
1150 psia and 300F
V2 = 0.4197
t sat @ 1150 psia = 561.9F  562F S
mode 3 2
since t act  t sat therefore; it is a Compressed liquid
x y
Ans. A
0 0.0010836
100 0.4625
^ 17. How does an adiabatic process compare to an isentropic process?
0.4197 x = 90.73% A. Adiabatic: Heat transfer = 0 , Isentropic: Heat transfer = 0
Ans. A B. Adiabatic: Heat transfer = 0 , Isentropic: Heat transfer = 0
C. Adiabatic: Reversible, Isentropic: Not reversible
D. Both: Heat transfer = 0; Isentropic: Reversible *
12. How is the quality x of a liquid – vapor mixture defined?
Answer: D
A. The fraction of the total volume that is saturated vapor
B. The fraction of the total volume that is saturated liquid
C. The fraction of the total mass that is saturated vapor * 18. Which of the following is true for any process?
D. The fraction of the total mass that is saturated liquid A. S (Surrounding) + S (system) > 0
Answer: C B. S (Surrounding) + S (system) < 0
C. S (Surrounding) + S (system)  0
13. A 2.5 liters of superheated steam at 25 bar and 400C (  = 0.1252 m3/kg D. S (Surrounding) + S (system)  0 *
) is expanded in an engine to a pressure of 0.1 bar (g = 14.674 m3/kg ,
f = 0.0010102 m3/kg) when its dryness fraction is 0.9. Find the final Answer: D
volume of the steam.
A. 163.74 liters C. 363.74 liters 19. A vessel of volume 8.7 m3 contains air and dry saturated steam at a total
B. 263.74 liters * D. 463.74 liters pressure of 0.06 bar and temperature 29C (Psat = 0.04 bar,  = 34.80
m3/kg). Taking R for air as 287 J/kg-K, calculate the mass of steam and
Solution:
the mass of air in the vessel.
V 2.5 L  1m 3  A. 0.25 kg, 0.204 kg * C. 0.25 kg, 350 kg
m= =   = 0.01997 kg B. 0.35 kg, 0.204 kg D. 0.35 kg, 0.45 kg
 3
0.1252 m / kg  1000L 
 = f + xfg = 0.0010102 + 0.9 (14.674 - 0.0010102 ) Solution:
 = 13.207 m 3
8.7m3
then: V = m = ( 0.01997 )(13.207 )(1000 ) mw =
34.80 m3 / kg
= 0.25 kg
V = 263.71 L 0.02 bar (100 kPa/bar ) (8.7 m3 )
ma = = 0.201 kg
Ans. B ( 0.287 kJ/kg.K )( 29+273) K
14. A 1.5 kg of wet steam at a pressure of 5 bar (hf = 640 kJ/kg, hfg = 2109
Ans. A
kJ/kg) dryness 0.95 is blown into 70 liters of water of 12C (h = 50.4
kJ/kg). Find the final enthalpy of the mixture.
A. 74.80 kJ/kg C. 94.80 kJ/kg 20. Which of the following is not an advantage of a superheated, closed
Rankine cycle over an open Rankine cycle ?
B. 84.80 kJ/kg D. 104.80 kJ/kg * A. Lower equipment cost
Solution: B. Increased efficiency
h mix = h1 + h 2 C. Increased turbine life
D. Increased boiler life
h1 = h f + x h fg = 640 + 0.95 ( 2109 ) =2643.55 kJ/kg
Answer: D
then; m 2 = (1 kg/L )( 70 L ) = 70 kg
thus; H mix = m1h1 + m 2 h 2
= (1.5)( 2643.55) +70 ( 50.4 ) = 7493.325 kJ
7493.325 kJ kJ
h mix = = 104.80
1.5 + 70 kg
Ans.D

21. Identify the condition of “steam” at the following pressure and @100 kPa : f = 0.0010431 m 3 / kg
temperature 1150 psia, 562F (Use: Steam Table, English Unit) u f = 417.34 kJ/kg
A. compressed liquid
B. indeterminate – may be saturated liquid, wet -vapor or saturated g = 1.6940 m3 / kg
vapor. * u g = 2505.55 kJ/kg
C. superheated T V
D. liquid saturated u t = m f u f + m g u g → where: m =

tsat = 562F
 kJ   5m3   kJ   5m3 
Solution: u t =  417.34  3  +  2505.55  3 
 kg  0.0010431m / kg   kg  1.6940 m / kg 
1150 psia and 562F S
u T = 2 x 106 kJ
t sat @ 1150 psia = 561.9F  562F
Ans. D
since t act = t sat therefore it is indeterminate
Ans. B 26. A vessel with a volume of 1 cubic meter contains liquid water and water
vapor in equilibrium at 600 kPa. The liquid water has a mass of 1 kg.
Using the steam tables, calculate the mass of the water vapor.
22. Identify the condition of “steam” at the following pressure and A. 0.99 kg C. 1.9 kg
temperature 1150 psia, 850F (Use: Steam Table, English Unit) B. 1.6 kg D. 3.2 kg
A. compressed liquid
B. indeterminate – may be saturated liquid Solution:
C. indeterminate wet -vapor or saturated vapor. @ 600 kPa (f = 0.0011006 m3 kg & g = 0.31558 m3 kg)
D. superheated *
T V1 V1
Solution: mf = → 1kg =
tactual = 850F f 0.0011006 m3 kg
tsat = 562F
1150 psia and 850F V1 = 0.0011006 m3
t sat @ 1150 psia = 561.9F S then,
since t act  t sat , therefore it is Superheated V1 + V2 = 1 m3 → 0.0011006 + V2 = 1 m 3
Ans. D V2 = 0.9989 m3
0.9989 m3
m wv = = 3.165 kg
23. A 10 m3 vessel initially contains 5 m3 of liquid water and 5 m3 of saturated 0.31558 m3 / kg
water vapor at 100 KPa. Calculate the internal energy of the system using Ans. D
the steam tables.
A. 5 x 105 kJ/kg C. 7 x 106 kJ/kg
6
B. 2 x 10 kJ/kg * D. 4 x 105 kJ/kg 27. Calculate the entropy of steam at 476 kPa with a quality of 0.6.
A. 2.4 kJ/kg.K C. 4.8 kJ/kg.K*
Solution: B. 3.8 kJ/kg.K D. 5.7 kJ/kg.K

@100 kPa : f = 0.0010431 m 3 / kg Solution:

u f = 417.34 kJ/kg At 476 kPa Mode 3 2
g = 1.6940 m / kg
3 x y (s )
u g = 2505.55 kJ/kg 0 1.8419
V 1 6.8371
u t = m f u f + m g u g → where: m =
 0. 6 yˆ → smix = 4.83902
 kJ   5m3   kJ   5m3  Ans. C
u t =  417.34  3  +  2505.55  3 
 kg  0.0010431m / kg   kg  1.6940 m / kg 
u T = 2 x 106 kJ/kg 28. The Fahrenheit scale was introduced by Gabriel Fahrenheit of
Ans. B Amstermdam, Holland in what year?
A. 1592
24. A substance is oxidized when which of the following occurs? B. 1742
A. It turns red C. 1730
B. It loses electrons D. 1720
C. It gives off heat
D. It absorbs energy Answer: D

Answer: B
29. If 0.45 kg of steam at 101.3 kPa and 63% quality is heated isentropically,
at what pressure will it reach the saturated vapor state?
25. A 10 m3 vessel initially contains 5 m3 of liquid water and 5 m3 of saturated A. 15 200 kPa C. 17 300 kPa
water vapor at 100 KPa. Calculate the internal energy of the system using B. 16 300 kPa D. 17 800 kPa
the steam tables. Solution:
A. 5 x 105 kJ C. 1 x 106 kJ At 101.3 kPa Mode 3 2
B. 8 x 105 kJ D. 2 x 106 kJ x y (s )
Solution: 0 1.3066
1 7.3545
kJ
Smix = 0.63 y= 5.1168
kg-k
From steam table,
kJ
@ s g = 5.1168
kg-k
By inspection, 17 800 kPa fits the value of entropy
Ans. D

30. The National Bureau of Standards uses, among others, the liquid - vapor Solution:
equilibrium of Nitrogen at P = m ( h1 − h 2 ) − Q L
A. –196 °C
At P1 = 2 mPa t1 = 350c
B. 196 °C
C. 253 °C h1 = 3137.6412 kJ
kg
D. –253 °C
At P2 = 0.1mPa, x = 100%
Answer: A
h 2 = 2674.9496 kJ
kg
kg  kJ 
31. A 5 m3 vessel initially contains 50 kg of liquid water and saturated water P = 10  3137.6412 − 2674.9496  − 10 kW
s  kg 
vapor at a total internal energy of 27,300 kJ. Calculate the heat
requirement to vaporize all of the liquid. P = 4616.9 kW
A. 100,000 kJ * C. 300,000 kJ Ans. C
B. 200,000 kJ D. 400,000 kJ
Solution: 36. The solid - liquid equilibrium of Tin is at what temperature?
A. –38.87 °C
Q = V2 - V1
B. 38.87 °C
where V1 = 27300 kJ C. 231.9 °C
At pt. 2, D. –231.9 °C
5m3 Answer: C
Vz = = 0.10 m3 kg
50kg
kJ
At V2 = 0.10 m3 kg , u 2 = 2600 37. An isobaric steam generating process starts with saturated liquid at 143
kg
kPa. The change in entropy is equal to the initial entropy. What is the
 kJ 
Q = mu = ( 50kg )  2600  − 27300 kJ change in enthalpy during the process? (Hint: Not all of the liquid is
 kg  vaporized.)
Q = 102700 kJ A. 110 kJ/kg C. 410 kJ/kg
Ans. A B. 270 kJ/kg D. 540 kJ/kg

Solution:
32. A 5 kmol of water vapor at 100 C and 1 atmosphere pressure are
note : s = s f
compressed isobarically to form liquid at 100C. The process is reversible
and the ideal gas apply. Determine the heat for condensation, Q, for the @ P = 143 kPa ( s f = 1.4178 & h f = 461.0325 )
amount of water given. The heat of vaporization is 2257 kJ/kg. then: s = s f + s = 2 s f
A. - 200 MJ C. 200 kJ kJ
s 2 = 2 (1.4178 ) = 2.8356
B. - 140 MJ D. 410 MJ kg-k
Solution: Calcu: Mode Stat (Mode 3 2)
Q = m h fg
x (s ) y (h )
where m = nMW
f 1.4178 461.0325
 18kg   kJ 
Q = ( 5 kmol )    2257  g 7.2389 2690.9489
 1kmol   kg 
Q = 203.13 MJ h 2 = s2 y
kJ
Ans. A 2.8356 y → h 2 = 1004.156
kg
33. The Clapeyron’s equation is applicable to : then; h = h 2 − h f
A. 1 system in equilibrium h = 1004.156 - 461.0325 = 543.12 kJ/kg
B. a change of state
C. a change of state when two phases are in equilibrium Ans. D
D. a change of state when water and water vapor are involved
Answer: C 38. The National Bureau of Standards uses, among others, the liquid - vapor
equilibrium of hydrogen at
A. –196 °C
34. The vapor pressure is related to the enthalpy of vaporization by the : B. 196 °C
A. Clausius - Claypeyron’s equation* C. 253 °C
B. Dalton’s law D. –253 °C
C. Raoult’s law
D. Maxwell’s equation Answer: D
Answer: A 39. The properties that are dependent upon the mass of the system and are
total values such as total volume and total internal energy.
A. Intensive properties
35. Steam flows into a turbine at a rate of 10 kg/s, and 10 kilowatts of heat B. Extensive properties *
are lost from the turbine. Ignoring elevation and kinetic energy effects, C. Specific properties
calculate the power output from the turbine. D. State properties
inlet conditions exit conditions
Pressure 2.0 MPa 0.1 Mpa Answer: B
Temperature 350 C ----
Quality ----- 100 % 40. The Centigrade scale was introduced by Anders Celsius in what year?
A. 1542
A. 4000 kW C. 4600 kW* B. 1740
B. 4400 kW D. 5000 kW C. 1730
D. 1720

Answer: B

41. The solid - liquid equilibrium of Zinc is at what temperature? 47. Which of the following statements about entropy is false?
A. Entropy of a mixture is greater than that of its components under
A. 231.9 °C
the same condition
B. 419.505 °C
B. An irreversible process increases entropy of the universe
C. 444.60 °C
C. Net entropy change in any closed cycle is zero
D. 630.5 °C
D. Entropy of a crystal at 0 °F is zero
Answer: B
Answer: D
42. The solid – liquid equilibrium of Tungsten is at what temperature?
A. 3730 °C 48. Equilibrium condition exist in all except which of the following?
B. 3370 °C A. In reversible processes
C. 3073 °C B. In processes where driving forces are infinitesimals
D. 3037 °C C. In a steady state flow process
D. Where nothing can occur without an effect on the system’s
Answer: B surrounding
Answer: C
43. An isobaric steam generating process starts with saturated liquid at 143
kPa. The change in entropy is equal to the initial entropy. What is the
change in enthalpy during the process? (Hint: Not all of the liquid is 49. The liquid - vapor equilibrium of Oxygen is at what temperature?
vaporized.) A. 197.82 °C
A. 110 kJ/kg C. 410 kJ/kg B. –197.82 °C
C. 182.97 °C
B. 270 kJ/kg D. 540 kJ/kg D. –182.97 °C *
Answer: D
Solution:
note : s = s f
@ P = 143 kPa ( s f = 1.4178 & h f = 461.0325 )
then: s = s f + s = 2 s f 50. The solid - liquid equilibrium of Mercury is at what temperature?
A. 38.87 °C
kJ
s 2 = 2 (1.4178 ) = 2.8356 B. –38.87 °C
kg-k C. 37.88 °C
Calcu: Mode Stat (Mode 3 2) D. –37.88 °C
x (s ) y (h ) Answer: B
f 1.4178 461.0325
g 7.2389 2690.9489
51. The solid - liquid equilibrium of silver is at what temperature?
h 2 = s2 y A. 630.5 °C
kJ B. 960.8 °C
2.8356 y → h 2 = 1004.156 C. 1063 °C
kg
D. 1774 °C
then; h = h 2 − h f
h = 1004.156 - 461.0325 = 543.12 kJ/kg Answer: B
Ans. D

52. The solid - liquid equilibrium of Gold is at what temperature?

A. 630.5 °C
44. Which of the following statements regarding Rankine cycle is not true ? B. 960.8 °C
A. Use of a condensable vapor in the cycle increases the efficiency of C. 1063 °C
the cycle D. 1774 °C
B. The temperatures at which energy is transferred to and from the
working liquid are less separated than in a Carnot cycle Answer: C
C. Superheating increases the efficiency of a Rankine cycle
D. In practical terms, the susceptibility of the engine materials to
53. The solid - liquid equilibrium of Platinum is at what temperature?
corrosion is not a key limitation on the operating efficiency
A. 630.5 °C
B. 960.8 °C
Answer: D
C. 1063 °C
D. 1774 °C
45. Equation of state for a single component can be any of the following
except_____________. Answer: D
A. the ideal gas law
B. any relationship interrelating 3 or more state functions 54. The emf is a function of the temperature difference between the junction,
C. relationship mathematically interrelating thermodynamic a phenomenon called :
properties of the material A. Seebeck effect
D. A mathematical expression defining a path between states * B. Stagnation effect
C. Primming
Answer: D
D. Electromotive force

46. In any non quasi-static thermodynamic process, the overall entropy of an Answer: A
isolated system will ____________.
A. increase and then decrease
55. The RMS velocity of hydrogen gas at N.T.P. is approximately _______.
B. decrease and then increase
A. 3838 m/s
C. increase only *
B. 1839 m/s
D. decrease only
C. 4839 m/s
Answer: C D. 839 m/s

Answer: B

56. For steam nozzle, which of the following ratios will have the value less 64. Find the change in internal energy of 5 lb m of oxygen when the
than unity? temperature changes from 100C to 120F, Cv = 0.157 Btu/lbm-R.
A. (Pressure at inlet)/(Pressure at outlet) A. 14.70 Btu C. 16.80 Btu
B. Specific volume at inlet/(Specific volume at outlet) B. 15.70 Btu* D. 147 Btu
C. Temperature of steam at inlet/(Temperature of steam at outlet) Solution:
D. None of the above
U = mCvT = 5(0.157)(120-100) = 15.70
Answer: B

57. Which is not correct for calculating air standard efficiency? Ans. B
A. All processes are reversible
B. Specific heat remains unchanged at all temperatures 65. All processes below are irreversible except one. Which one?
C. No account of the mechanism of heat transfer is considered A. Magnetization with hysteresis
D. Gases dissociate at higher temperatures B. Elastic tension and release of a steel bar
C. Inelastic deformation
Answer: D D. Heat conduction

Answer: B
58. The Beattie-Bridgeman equation of state is quite accurate in cases of :
A. all pressures above atmospheric pressure
B. densities less than about 0.8 times the critical density*
C. near critical temperature 66. The combination of conditions that best describes a thermodynamic
D. none of the above process is given by which of the following?
I. Has successive states through which the system passes
Answer: B II. When reversed leaves no change in the system
III. When reversed leaves no change in the system or the surroundings
IV. States are passes through so quickly that the surroundings do not
59. Which of the following statement about Van der Waals equation is change
correct? A. I and II
A. It is valid for all pressures and temperatures B. I and III
B. It represents a straight line on PV versus V plot C. I and IV
C. It has three roots of identical value at the critical point D. I only
D. The equation is valid for diatomic gases only
Answer: D
Answer: C

60. Solubility of a gas in a liquid at small concentration can be represented 67. During stagnation process, the kinetic energy of a fluid is converted to
by which law ? enthalpy which results in an:
A. increase in the fluid specific volume
A. Henry’s law B. increase in the fluid pressure
B. Clausius – Clapeyron’s equation C. increase in the fluid temperature and pressure
C. Dalton’s law D. increase in the fluid temperature
D. Roult’s law Answer: C
Answer: A
68. Critical properties refer to
A. extremely important properties, such as temperature and pressure
61. A compound pressure gauge is used to measure:
B. heat required for phase change and important for energy
A. complex pressures
production
B. variable pressures
C. property values where liquid and gas phase are indistinguishable
C. average pressures
D. properties having to do with equilibrium conditions, such as the
D. positive and negative pressures
Gibbs and Helmholtz functions.
Answer: D
Answer: C

62. Which of the engine is used for fighter bombers? 69. For a saturated vapor, the relationship between temperature and pressure
A. Turboprop is given by :
B. Turbojet A. the perfect gas law
C. Ramjet B. Van der Waal’s equation
D. Pulsejet C. the steam table
D. a Viral equation of state
Answer: B
Answer: C

63. The reaction of inertia in an accelerated body is called : 70. Properties of non - reacting gas mixtures are given by :
A. Kinetic reaction A. geometric weighting
B. Endothermic reaction B. volumetric weighting
C. Kinematic reaction C. volumetric weighting for molecular weight and density, and
D. Dynamic reaction geometric weighting for all other properties except entropy
Answer: A D. arithmetic average

Answer: C
71. The relationship between the total volume of a mixture of non - reacting
gases and their partial volume is given by :
A. gravimetric fractions
B. Amagat’s law
C. Dalton’s law
D. mole fractions
Answer: B

72. Which of the following is the best definition of enthalpy? 80. All of the following processes are irreversible except:
A. The ratio of heat added to the temperature increases in a system A. magnetization with hysteresis
B. The amount of useful energy in a system* B. elastic tension and release of a steel bar*
C. The amount of energy no longer available to the system C. inelastic deformation
D. The heat required to cause a complete conversion between two D. heat conduction
phases at a constant temperature
Answer: B
Answer: B
81. Which of the following state(s) is/are necessary for a system to be in
thermodynamic equilibrium?
A. Chemical equilibrium
73. A vessel with a volume of 1 m3 contains liquid water and water vapor in B. Thermal equilibrium
equilibrium at 600 kPa. The liquid water has a mass of 1 kg. Calculate C. Mechanical equilibrium
the mass of the water vapor. D. Chemical, mechanical, and thermal equilibrium
Properties of liquid water and water vapor at 600 kPa : Vf = 0.001101
m3/kg, Vg = 0.3157 m3/kg Answer: D
A. 1.57 kg C. 2.54 kg
B. 1.89 kg D. 3.16 kg* 82. Find the enthalpy of 1 kg of wet saturated steam at a pressure of 0.20 bar
and dryness fraction of 0.85. At 0.20 bar, hf = 251 kJ/kg, hfg = 2358
Solution: kJ/kg
Vtotal = mfVf + mgVg A. 2200 kJ/kg C. 2255.30 kJ/kg
1 = (1)(0.001101) + mg (0.3157) B. 2525.30 kJ/kg* D. 2000 kJ/kg
mg = 3.16 kg Solution:

Ans. D
h = hf + xhfg = 251 + 0.85( 2358) = 2255.30 kJ/kg
74. Which of the following statements is not true for real gases?
A. Molecules occupy a volume not negligible in comparison to the Ans. B
total volume of gas
B. Real gases are subjected to attractive forces between molecules
(e.g., Van der Waal’s forces) 83. The liquid - vapor equilibrium of Sulfur is at what temperature?
C. The law of corresponding states may be used for real gases A. 231.9 °C
D. Real gases are found only rarely in nature* B. 419.505 °C
C. 444.60 °C
Answer: D D. 630.5 °C
Answer: C
75. The stagnation state is called the isentropic stagnation state when the
stagnation process is____________. 84. The solid - liquid equilibrium of Antimony is at what temperature?
A. reversible as well dynamic A. 630.5 °C
B. isotropic B. 419.505 °C
C. adiabatic C. 444.60 °C
D. reversible as well as adiabatic D. 231.9 °C
Answer: D Answer: A
76. The entropy of a fluid remains constant during what process?
85. Find the heat transfer required to convert 5 kg of water at a pressure of
A. polytropic stagnation process 20 bar and temperature of 21C into steam of dryness fraction 0.90 at the
B. unsteady stagnation process same pressure.
C. combustion process Properties of Steam: P = 20 bar; hf = 909 kJ/kg ; hfg = 1890 kJ/kg
D. isentropic stagnation process Note: for water at 21C , h = 88 kJ/kg
Answer: D A. 10 610 kJ C. 12 610 kJ*
B. 11 610 kJ D. 15 610 kJ
77. If the specific enthalpy of wet saturated steam at a pressure of 11 bar is
2681 kJ/kg , find its dryness fraction. At 11 bar, h f = 781 kJ/kg & hfg = Solution:
2000 kJ/kg.
h2 = ( hf + xhfg)2
A. 0.75 C. 0.95*
h2 = 909 + 0.90(1890) = 2610 kJ/kg
B. 0.85 D. 0.65
Q = mh = m( h2 – h1 ) = 5 ( 2610 – 88 ) = 12610 kJ
Solution:
Ans. C
h = hf + xhfg
2681 = 781 + x (2000)
x = 0.95 86. According to Pettlier Thomson effect:
A. It is impossible to construct a heat engine that operates in a cycle
and receives a given quantity of heat from a high temperature
Ans. C
body and does an equal amount of work
78. All of the following processes are irreversible except_________. B. It is impossible to construct a device that operates in a cycle and
produces no effect other than the transfer of heat from a cooler
A. stirring of a viscous fluid body to hotter body
B. an isentropic deceleration of a moving perfect fluid C. When two dissimilar metals are heated at one end and cooled at
C. an unrestrained expansion of a gas other, e.m.f. that is developed is proportional to difference of
D. phase changes temperatures at two ends
Answer: B D. Work can’t be converted into heat

79. All of the following processes are irreversible except _______. Answer: D
A. chemical reactions
B. diffusion
C. current flow through an electrical resistance
D. an isentropic compression of a perfect gas
Answer: D
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95. Calculate the entropy of steam at 60 psia with a quality of 0.60. Properties
87. Steam at 1000 lbf/ft2 pressure and 300R has specific volume of 6.5 of steam at 60 psia : Sf = 0.4274 Btu/lbR & Sfg = 1.2172 Btu/lbR.
ft3/lbm and a specific enthalpy of 9800 ft-lbf/lbm . Find the internal energy A. 0.4247 Btu/lbR C. 0.7303 Btu/lbR
per pound mass of steam. B. 1.1577 Btu/lbR* D. 0.896 Btu/lbR
A. 2500 ft-lbf/lbm C. 5400 ft-lbf/lbm
B. 3300 ft-lbf/lbm * D. 6900 ft-lbf/lbm Solution:

Solution: S = Sf + x Sfg
S = 0.4274 + (0.60)(1.2172)
U = H – PV = 9800 – 1000(6.5)= 3300 ft-lbf/lbm S = 1.1577 Btu/lbR

Ans. B
Ans. B
96. Wet saturated steam at 17 bar ( hf = 872 kJ/kg, hfg = 1293 kJ/kg ) dryness
88. The properties that are independent of the mass of the system such as 0.97 is produced from feedwater at 85C ( h = 335.9 kJ/kg ). Find the
temperature, pressure, density and voltage. heat energy supplied per kg.
A. Intensive properties * A. 4381.41 kJ/kg C. 2381.41 kJ/kg*
B. Extensive properties B. 1381.41 kJ/kg D. 3381.41 kg
C. Specific properties Solution:
D. State properties
Heat energy supplied = Increase in enthalpy
Answer: A Q = h2 – h1
where:
h2 = hf2 + xhfg2 h1 = 355.9 kJ/kg
89. The properties for a unit mass and are intensive by definition such as h2 = 872 + 0.97(1923)
specific volume. h2 = 2737.31 kJ/kg
A. Intensive properties thus;
B. Extensive properties Q = 2737.31 – 355.9 = 2381.41 kJ/kg
C. Specific properties *
D. Thermodynamic properties Ans. C
Answer: C
90. The ratio of the gas constant to Avogadro’s number is: 97. The properties of fluid at the stagnation in state are called
A. Maxwell’s constant _____________.
B. Boltzmann’z constant * A. stagnation property
C. Napier’s constant B. stagnation phase
D. Joule’s constant C. stagnation state
D. stagnation vapor
Answer: B
Answer: C
91. Determine the average constant pressure specific heat of steam at 10 kPa
and 45.8C. Note: From steam table, at 47.7C, h = 2588.1 kJ/kg and at
43.8C, h = 2581.1 kJ/kg. 98. A specific property
A. 1.79 kJ/kgC* C. 30.57 kJ/kgC A. defines a specific variable (e.g., temperature)*
B. 10.28 kJ/kgC D. 100.1 kJ/kgC B. is independent of mass
C. is an extensive property multiplied by mass
Solution: D. is dependent of the phase of the substance

H 2588.1 − 2581.1 Answer: A

Cp = = = 1.79 kJ/kgC
T 47.7 − 43.8
99. Steam leaves an industrial boiler at 827.4 kPa and 171.6C ( hf = 727.25
Ans. A kJ/kg , hfg = 2043.2 kJ/kg ). A portion of the steam is passed through a
throttling calorimeter and is exhausted to the atmosphere when the
92. The device that measure temperature by the electromotive force called calorimeter pressure is 101.4 kPa and a temperature of 115.6C ( h =
thermocouple was discovered by : 2707.6 kJ/kg ). How much moisture does the steam leaving the boiler
A. Galileo contain ?
B. Fahrenhiet A. 2.08 % C. 4.08 %
C. Celsius B. 3.08 % * D. 5.08 %
D. Seebeck Solution:
Answer: D For throttling Process;
93. The triple point of a substance is the temperature and pressure at h1 = h 2
which_________. hf1 + xhfg1 = h2
A. the solid and liquid phases are in equilibrium 727.25 + x (2043.2) = 2706.6
B. the liquid and gaseous phases are in equilibrium x = 0.97
C. the solid, liquid and the gaseous phases are in equilibrium then; the moisture (y) is :
D. the solid does not melt, the liquid does not boil and the gas does not y = 1 – x = 1 – 0.97 = 3.08 %
condense* Ans. B

Answer: D 100. The device that measures temperature by the electromotive force.
A. thermometer
94. According to Clausius statement B. thermocouple
A. Heat flows from hot substance to cold substance, unaided C. electro-thermometer
B. Heat cannot flow from cold substance to hot substance D. thermoseebeck
C. Heat can flow from cold substance to hot substance with the aid of Answer: B
external work …End…
D. A and C *
For the enhancement of Elements(Terms) in Power & Industrial
Answer: D Plant Engineering please take/study PIPE ELEMENTS ( ONLINE
Assessments).
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MECHANICAL ENGINEERING REVIEW PRIME’S SUPPLEMENTARY ENHANCERS (THERMODYNAMICS 01)

THERMODYNAMICS 01 So,
PSE MODULE 12.1 (SOLUTION)
V2 V2
π  P 120
  ( kD )  2 D dD 
2
W= PdV = s s → where: k = =
s Ds 1
1. Water enters the heater at 25C and leaves at 80C. What is the V1 V1

temperature change in F ? V2 1.3

π   120  3
k ( D s 3 ) dDs =  ( Ds )dDs = 87.5 kJ
A. 55
B. 99 *
C. 21
D. 65
W=
2 
V1
2
1.0
 
1 

Solution : Ans. C
9 9
ΔF = ( ΔC ) = (80 - 25 ) = 99 F° 6. Convert specific heat of 0.23 Btu/lb-F to kJ/kg-K.
5 5 A. 1.036 C. 0.089
Ans. B B. 0.963* D. 0.722

Solution :
2. Find the enthalpy of Helium if its internal energy is 200 kJ/kg.
A. 144 kJ/kg C. 333.42 kJ/kg * Btu  4.187 kJ kg-k  kJ
B. 223.42 kJ/kg D. 166 kJ/kg 0.23   = 0.963
lb -°F  1Btu lb-°F  kg - k
Ans. B
Solution :

ΔH ΔH 7. An ideal gas with molecular weight of 7.1 kg/kg mol is compressed

k=  1.667 = from 600 kPa and 280 deg K to a final specific volume of 0.5 m3/kg.
ΔU 200 Calculate the work of compression in KJ/kg if the pressure given is
ΔH = 333.4 kJ kg 620 + 150V + 95V2?
Ans. C A.32.8 C.35.6
B.33.6 * D.28.7

3. A pressure gage registers 50 psig in a region where the barometer is Solution :

14.25 psia. Find the absolute pressure in psia.
A. 64.25 * C 151.325 V2 V2

  (620 +150V+ 95V ) dV

B. 443 D. 35.75
W = PdV = 2

Solution : V1 V1

Determining V1 :
P = Pg + Patm
abs
RT (8.314 7.1kJ kg-K )( 280 K )
P = 50 psig + 14.25 psia V1 = = = 0.5465 m3 kg
abs P 600 kPa
P = 64.25 psia 0.5
abs
Ans. A
W=
 ( 620 +150V+ 95V ) dV 2
= − 33.66 kJ kg
0.5465

4. A condenser vacuum gauge reads 715 mm Hg when the barometer Ans. B

stands at 757 mm Hg. What is the absolute pressure in the condenser in
kPa. 8. Air is compressed adiabatically from 30°C to 100°C. If mass of air
A. 196.25 kPa C. 5.60 kPa * being compressed is 5 kg. Find the change in entropy.
B. 100.92 kpa D. 95.33 kPa A. 1.039 kJ/°K C. 0 *
Solution : B. 0.746 kJ/°K D. 1.245 kJ/kg
Solution :
P = Patm + Pvac
abs Adiabatic: Δs = 0
 101.325 kPa  Ans. C
P = ( 757 mmHg - 715 mmHg )  
abs  760 mmHg 
P = 5.6 kPaa 9. One kilogram of water (Cp = 4.2 kJ / kg.K) is heated by 300 Btu of
abs
energy. What is the change in temperature, in K ?
Ans. C A. 17.9 K C. 73.8 K
B. 71.4 K D. 75.4 K *
5. An elastic sphere containing gas at 120 kPa has a diameter of 1.0 m. Solution :
Heating the sphere causes it to expand to a diameter of 1.3 m. During
Q = mcpΔT
the process the pressure is proportional to the sphere diameter.
Calculate the work done by the gas in KJ. 300 Btu (1.055kJ Btu ) = (1 kg )( 4.2 kJ kg - k )( ΔT )
A.41.7 C.87.5 *
ΔT = 75.4 k
B.30.6 D.55.4
Ans. D
Solution :
10. If the F scale is twice the C scale, what is the reading in the
P Ds  P = kD s Fahrenheit scale ?
3
4 4 D  π 3 A. 160 C. 140
Also: Vsphere = πr 3 = π  s  = D s B. 320 * D. 280
3 3  2  6
π 2
dVsphere = D dD s
2 s Solution :

°F = 2°C k − n
Q = mCn ΔT where: Cn = Cv  
9
Note: °F = °C + 32
Alternate Solution: 1 − n 
5 Mode 32 n-1
9 x ( °C ) y ( °F ) T2  P2  n
2°C = °C + 32 = 
5 0 32 T1  P1 
°C = 160 °C 1.25−1
100 212
t 2 + 273  1 2 P1  1.25
°F = 320 °F = 
160y = 320 ( Twice ) 32 + 273  P1 
Ans. B
t 2 = − 7.482 °C
 kJ   1.4 − 1.25 
11. What is the lifting force in kN for a 10 m diameter spherical balloon Q = (1 kg )  0.7186   ( −7.482 − 32 ) K= 17.023 kJ
with helium inside at 101 kPa and 320 K surrounded by air at 101 Kpa  kg-K   1 − 1.25 
and 298.15 K ? Ans. C
A. 17.38 kN C. 18.73 kN
B. 5.28 kN * D. 8.25 kN
15. The following expressions relate to a particular gaseous mass: PV =
Solution : 95T, h = 120 + 0.60T where these units obtain in psf, V in ft3/lb, T in
Fnet = BF − Wg =  air Vballon − mballon g = Vg (  air −  He ) R and h in Btu/lb. If the specific heats are temperature dependent
only, find Cp and Cv.
where: A. 0.6 Btu/lbR, 0.48 Btu/lb *
air 101 kPa B. 0.60 Btu/lbR, 0.7 Btu/lbR
air = = = 1.18 kg m3
R T  kJ  C. 0.5 Btu/lbR, 0.50 Btu/lbR
air air  0.287  ( 298.15 K ) D. 0.50 Btu/lbR, 0.48 Btu/lbR
 kg-K 
ρ He 101 kPa Solution :
ρ He = = = 0.1519 kg m3
R HeTHe  kJ  Comparing to PV = RT, and h = CpΔT
 8.314 kg-K 
  ( 320 K ) R= 95 and Cp = 0.60 Btu lb-°F
 4  Thus,
 
  ft-lbf
3 95
 4  D  Btu lbm -°F
Fnet =  π   ( g ) ( ρ air − ρ He ) Cv = Cp - R = 0.60 -
 3  2  lb -°F 778 ft - lbf
3 1Btu
 4  10 m 
Fnet =  π 
 3  2 
( 2 
)
kg 
 9.81m s 1.18 − 0.1519 3 
 m 
= 0.48
Btu
lb -°F
Fnet = 5282.80 N = 5.28 kN Ans. A
Ans. B
16. Calculate the change in enthalpy as 1 kg of nitrogen is heated from
1000 K to 1500 K, assuming the nitrogen is an ideal gas at a constant
12. If a block of copper weighing 0.50 lb is dropped from a height of 100 pressure. The temperature dependent specific heat of nitrogen is C p =
ft into the tank, what is the change in internal energy of the water? 39.06 – 512.79 T-1.5 + 1072.7 T-2 – 820.4T-3 where Cp is in kJ/kg-mol,
A. 0.08575 Btu C. 0.09543 Btu and T is in K.
B. 0.0645 Btu * D. 0.0465 Btu A. 600 kJ C. 800 kJ
B. 697.27 kJ * D. 897.27 kJ
Solution :
Solution :
mgΔz
ΔU = ΔPE where: ΔPE =
k T2

( 0.50 lbm ) ( 32.2 ft s2 ) (100 ft ) 

ΔH = C p dT
ΔU = = 0.06427 Btu
 lb m -ft   ft-lbf  T1
 32.2 2 
778  1500
   Btu 
 (39.06 - 512.79T + 1072.7 T −2 − 820.4T −3 ) dT
lb -s −1.5
f
ΔH =
Ans. B 1000

kJ  1 kgmol 
ΔH = 19524.406   (1kg )
13. Convert water pressure of 50 kN/m2 in equivalent meter – head of kgmol  28 kg 
water. ΔH = 697.3 kJ
A. 5.1 * C. 7.1
B. 6.1 D. 4.1 Ans. B

Solution : 17. For a certain ideal gas, R = 0.277 kJ/kg-K and k = 1.384. What are the
values of Cp and Cv ?
2 A. 0.9984 kJ/kg-K, 0.7213 kJ/kg-K *
P 50 kN m
h= = = 5.1 m B. 0.7124 kJ/kg-K, 0.8124 kJ/kg-K
 9.81kN m 2 C. 1 kJ/kg-K , 0.8124 kJ/kg-K
Ans. A D. 0.9984 kJ/kg-K, 0.6124 kJ/kg-K
Solution :
14. Consider 1 kg of air at 32°C that expanded by a reversible polytropic
process with n = 1.25 until the pressure is halved. Determine the heat kR 1.384 ( 0.277 )
transfer. Specific heat at constant volume for air is 0.7186 kJ/kg.K. Cp = = = 0.9984 kJ kg-K
k −1 1.384 − 1
A. 17.02 kJ heat rejected C. 17.02 kJ heat added *
B. 7.07 kJ heat rejected D. 7.07 kJ heat added R 0.277
Cv = = = 0.7214 kJ kg-K
k − 1 1.38401
Solution : Ans. A

18. An air with mass of 0.454 kg and an unknown mass of CO2 occupy an  Btu 
85 liters tank at 2068.44 Kpaa. If the partial pressure of the CO 2 is Δh = CpΔT =  0.2483  ( 200 − 500 °R )
 lbm − °R 
344.74 kPaa, determine its mass.
Btu
A. 0.138 kg * C. 0.183 kg Δh = − 74.49
B. 0.238 kg D. 0.283 kg lbm
Ans. A
Solution :
23. What is the resulting pressure when one pound of air at 15 psia and
P n
co2 = co2 → where: n = m 200 F is heated at constant volume to 800F ?
P n MW A. 15 psia C. 36.4 psia
AIR AIR
B. 28.6 psia * D. 52.1 psia
P m MW
co2 = co2 co2
P m MW Solution :
AIR AIR AIR
344.74 mCO2 44 P1 P
= = 2
2068.44 − 344.74 0.454 kg/29 T1 T2
mCO2 = 0.138 kg 15 psia P2
=
200 + 460 800 + 460
Ans. A P2 = 28.64 psia

19. After series of state changes, the pressure and volume of 2.286 kg of Ans. B
Nitrogen (Cp = 1.0414 kJ/kg-K and Cv = 0.7442 kJ/kg-K) are each
doubled. What is S ? 24. What horsepower is required to isothermally compress 800 ft 3 of air
A. 2.807 kJ/kg-K * C. 2.987 kJ/kg-K per minute from 14.7 psia to 120 psia?
B. 2.268 kJ/kg-K D. 3.407 kJ/kg-K A. 28 hp C. 256 hp
B. 108 hp * D. 17,000hp
Solution :
Solution :
V  P 
Δs = mCp ln  2  + mC vln  2  W = P1V1 ln ( P1 P2 )
V  P 
 1  1
 ft 3   14.7   144 in 2  
Δs = 2.268 (1.0414 ) ln 2 + 2.268 ( 0.7442 ) ln 2 W = (14.7psia )  800  ln   x  
 min   120   1ft 2  
Δs = 2.8071 kJ/kg-K
ft - lbf  1hp 
Ans. A W = -3555621.56   = -107.75 hp
min  33000ft - lbf min 
20. The specific gas constant of oxygen is R = 0.25983 kJ/kgK. If a 2 m3 Ans. B
tank contains 40 kg of oxygen at 40 °C, what is the gage pressure in
the tank?
25. How much work is necessary to compress air in an insulated cylinder
A. 61 kPa C. 110 kPa
B. 160 kPa D. 1.53 MPa * from 0.20 m3 to 0.01 m3 . Use T1 = 20C and P1 = 100 kPa
A. 113.4 kJ C. 110.1 kJ
B. 121.4 kJ D. 115.7 kJ *
Solution :
Solution :
PV = mRT
Determining P ,
)
2
( )( 
Pg + 101.325 kPa 2m3 = ( 40 kg )  0.25983

kJ 
 ( 40 + 273 K )
kg - k  P Vk = P Vk
1 1 2 2

(0.20 m3 ) ( )
 1 mPa  1.4 1.4
Pg = 1525.21 kPa   = 1.53 mPa (100 kPa ) = P 0.01m3
2
 1000 kPa 
P = 6628.91 kPa
Ans. D 2
1 1 = ( 6628.91)( 0.01) − (100 )( 0.20 ) = − 115.72 kJ
P V − PV
W= 2 2
21. A gas bubble rising from the ocean floor is 1 inch in diameter at a 1− k 1 − 1.4
depth of 50 feet. Given that sp. gr. of seawater is 1.03, the buoyant Ans. D
force in lbs being exerted on the bubble at this instant is nearest to:
A. 0.014 C.0.076 26. A heat engine is operated between temperature limits of 1370C and
B. 0.020 * D.0.14 260C. Engine is supplied with 14,142 kJ/kwh. Find the Carnot cycle
Solution : efficiency in percent.
A. 70.10 C. 67.56 *
BF = Wdisplaced B. 65.05 D. 69.32

( )
BF =  V = ( SG )  H O V
2
→ where: V =
4 3
3
πr Solution :

 lb   4  0.5 
3
T
BF = (1.03)  62.4 3   π  ft  = 0.0195 lb e = 1− L = 1−
260 + 273
= 0.6756  67.56%
 ft   3  12  TH 1370 + 273
Ans. B
Ans. C

22. Determine the change in enthalpy per Ibm of nitrogen gas as its 27. A closed vessel contains air at a pressure of 160 kN/m2 gauge and
temperature changes from 500 F to 200 F. ( Cp = 0.2483 Btu / Ibm- temperature of 30C . The air is heated at constant volume to 60C
R) with the atmospheric pressure of 759 mm Hg. What is the final gauge
A. -74.49 Btu/Ibm * C. -68.47 Btu/Ibm pressure ?
B. -72.68 Btu/Ibm D. -84.48 Btu/Ibm A. 174 C. 167
B. 186 * D. 172
Solution :
Solution :

P P 32. A Steam expands adiabatically in a turbine from 2000 kPa, 400C to

1 = 2
T T 400 kPa, 250C. What is the effectiveness of the process in percent
1 2 assuming an atmospheric temperature of 15C. Neglect changes in
 759   759 
 (101.325 kPa ) P2 +   (101.325 kPa )
160 kPa +  kinetic and potential energy.
 760  =  760  Properties of steam:
30 + 273 K 60 + 273 K At 2000 kPa and 400C ( h = 3 247.6 kJ/kg, S = 7.1271 kJ/kg-K)
P = 185.86 kPa
2 and at 400 kPa and 250C ( h = 2 964.2 kJ/kg , S = 7.3789 kJ/kg-
Ans. B K)

28. What is the temperature in C of 2 liters of water at 30C after 500 A. 82 C. 80 *

Calories of heat have been added ? B. 84 D. 86
A. 35.70 C. 38 Solution :
B. 30.25 * D. 39.75
Δh
∈=
Solution : Δh − TΔs
3247.6 − 2964.2
∈=
( 3247.6 − 2964.2 ) − (15 + 273)( 7.1271 − 7.3789 )
(
Q = mC T − T
2 1 ) where: m =  V
∈ = 79.625%
(
500 Cal = (1000g L )( 2L )(1cal g-K ) T − 30
2 ) Ans. C
T = 30.25°C
2 33. Steam enters the superheaters of a boiler at a pressure of 25 bar and
Ans. B dryness of 0.98 and leaves at the same pressure at a temperature of
370C. Calculate the heat energy supplied in the superheaters.
29. A volume of 450 cm3 of air is measured at a pressure of 740 mm Hg Properties of steam:
absolute and a temperature of 20C. What is the volume in cm3 at 760 At 25 bar and 370C ( h = 3171.8 kJ/kg ) and at 25 bar and 0.98 dryness
mm Hg absolute and 0C ? ( hf = 962.11 kJ/kg , hfg = 1841.01 kJ/kg ).
A. 516.12 C. 620.76
B. 408.25 * D. 375.85 A. 407.46 C. 405.51 *
Solution : B. 408.57 D. 406.54
Solution :
PV P V
1 1= 2 2
T T
1 2 Q = h −h → where: h = h + xh
( ) = (760 mmHgabs) V2
1 4 4 f fg
( 740 mmHgabs ) 450 cm3 h = 962.11 + 0.98 (1841.01) kJ kg
4
20 + 273 K 0 + 273 K h = 2766.3kJ kg
4
V = 408.25 cm3
2 Q = 3171.8 − 2766.3 = 405.5kJ kg
Ans. B Ans. C

30. Assuming compression is according to the law PV = constant.

Calculate the initial volume of gas at a pressure of 2 bar which will 34. The thermal efficiency of a particular engine operating on an ideal
occupy a volume of 6 m3 when it is compressed to a pressure of 42 cycle is 35%. Calculate the heat supplied per 1200 watt-hr of work
bar. developed in kJ.
A. 126 m3 * C. 130 m3 A. 12 343 * C. 14 218
B. 120 m3 D. 136 m3 B. 10 216 D. 11 108

Solution : Solution :

PV =P V
1 1 2 2 ( )
 ( 42 bar ) 6m3 = ( 2 bar ) V
2 ( ) e=
Wnet

3 Qs
V = 126 m
2 1200 W - hr  3600 s  1 kJ 
0.35 =   
Ans. A Q  1hr  1000 J 
Q = 12 342.86 kJ
31. A steam condenser receives 10 kg per second of steam with an Ans. A
enthalpy of 2,570 kJ/kg . Steam condenses into liquid and leaves with
an enthalpy of 160 kJ/kg. Cooling water passes through the condenser
with temperature increases from 13C to 24C. Calculate the cooling 35. Determine the average Cp value in kJ/kg-K of a gas if 522 kJ of heat is
water flowrate in kg/s. necessary to raise the temperature from 300 K to 800 K making the
A. 533 C. 523 * pressure constant.
B. 518 D. 528 A. 1.440 C. 1.038
B. 1.044 * D. 1.026
Solution :
Solution :
Q = Qwater
( )
cond
Q = mCp ( ΔT )  522 kJ = (1 kg ) Cp (800 − 300 ) K
( )
ms h − h = mw C t
1 2
−t(
2w 1w ) kJ
kg  kJ   kJ  Cp = 1.044
 ( 24 − 13 ) K
10  2570 -160  = m w  4.187 kg - K
s  kg   kg -K
Ans. B
mw = 523.26 kg s
Ans. C 36. A perfect gas has a value of R = 58.8 ft-lb/lb-°R and k = 1.26. If 20
Btu are added to 10 lbs of the gas at constant volume when initial
temperature is 90°F, find the final temperature.
A. 97°F * C. 144°F
B. 107°F D. 175°F

Solution : Finding n from PV n = C :

P Vn = P Vn
f (
Q = mc v t − t
i ) 1 1
n
2 2
( 2070 kPa )(170 ) = ( 275 kPa )(850 )
n
R 58.8 ft - lbf
where: C v = = = 226.154 n = 1.2542
k − 1 1.26 − 1 lbm -°R
P V − PV
 778 ft - lbf 
20 Btu 
 Btu

 = 10 lbs  226.154
 
ft - lbf 
lbm -°R  f
 t − 90°F ( ) W= 2 2
1− n
1 1

t = 96.88°F ( 275 kPaa )(850 ) − ( 2070 kPaa )(170 )

( )
f W=
1000 /m3 (1 − 1.2542 )
Ans. A
W = 464.82 kJ
37. If atmospheric air 14.7 psia and 60F at sea level, what is the pressure Ans. A
at 12000 ft altitude if air is compressible. Note: @ 60F ; the density of
air is 0.0763 lbm/ft3 ; P1 = 14.7 psia 41. Air is flowing through a 100 mm I.D. pipe at the rate of 6 kg/min. The
A. 5.467 psia C. 8.342 psia air pressure and temperature are 500 kPa and 30 C respectively. Find
B. 9.53 psia * D. 2.346 psia the velocity of the air in m/s.
Solution : A. 3.81 C. 2.18 *
B. 2.81 D. 3.18
Δh Solution :
P = P e RT
1 2 V = A → where: V is determined from PV = mRT
12000 ft
(53.342)(60 + 460)  kJ   1 min 
14.7 psia = P e
2 ( 500 kPa ) V = ( 6 kg min )  0.287  (30 + 273 K )  
 kg-K   60 s 
P = 9.54 psia
2
V = 0.0174 m3 s
Ans. B
Then,
lb/ft2 and at a temperature of 800 R, 2
38. If air is at a pressure of 3200 π  100 mm 
what is the specific volume? 0.0174 m3 s =   
4  1000 mm/m 
A. 9.8 ft3 /lb C. 11.2 ft3 /lb
B. 13.33 ft3 /lb * D. 15.8 ft3 /lb
 = 2.214 m s
Ans. C
Solution :

PV = RT 42. A quantity of 55 m3 of water passes through a heat exchanger and

( )
3200lb ft 2 ( V ) = 53.342
lbf - ft
lbm -°R
(800 °R ) absorbs 2,800,000 kJ. The exit temperature is 95 C. The entrance
water temperature in C is nearest to
V = 13.34ft 3 lbm A. 49 C. 68
B. 56 D. 83 *
Ans. B
Solution :

39. Given 280 liters of a gas at 63.5 cm Hg. The gas has a specific heat at Q = mCΔT where : m = ρV

( 
)( kJ 
)
constant pressure of 0.847 kJ/kg K and a specific heat at constant
volume of 0.659 kJ/kg K. Which of the following most nearly equals 2 800 000 kJ = 1000 kg m3 55 m3  4.187  ( 95 − t )
the volume the gas would occupy at a final pressure of 5 atm if the  kg °C 
process is adiabatic? t = 82.84 °C
A. 62 liters C. 77 liters Ans. D
B. 70 liters * D. 82 liters
43. A gas company buys gas at 620 kPa gauge and 24 C and sells it at
Solution : 9.65 cm of water pressure and –2 C. Disregarding the losses in the
distribution, which of the following most nearly equals the number of
cubic meters sold for each cubic meter purchased?
P V k = P Vk A. 2.3 C. 6.4 *
1 1 2 2
Cp 0.847 B. 4.1 D. 7.1
where: k = = = 1.2853
Cv 0.659
Solution :
 76 cmHg  1.2853
( 63.5 cmHg )( 280 )
1.2853

=  5atm x V  mRT 
 1atm 
 P 
V = 69.6 m3sold  sold
=
m 3  mRT 
Ans. B purchased  P 
 purchased
40. If 0.5 kg of nitrogen with an initial volume of 170 liters and a pressure Then,
of 2,070 kPaa expand in accordance with the law PVn = constant to a -2 + 273 k
final volume of 850 liters and a pressure of 275 kPaa, which of the  kN   9.65 cm 
following most nearly equals the work done by the gas? m3  9.81 3    +101.325 kPa
A. 465 kJ * C. 481 kJ sold =  m  100cm m 
B. 472 kJ D. 489 kJ m3 24 + 273 k
purchased 620 kPa + 101.325 kPa
Solution : Thus,
m3
sold = 6.44
m 3
purchased
Ans. C

44. A closed container of helium dropped from a balloon 4 km above. Find PV = mRT
the temperature difference when the container hits the ground.  2
A. 18.6 C
B. 24.5 C
C. 12.6 C *
D. 30.2 C
( 2200 +14.7 psia ) ( 2.3 ft3 )  144ft2in 

 1545 lbf-ft 
 = m
 32 lbm-°R 
 ( 70 + 460°R )

Solution : m = 28.665 lbm

Ans. C
ΔU = ΔPE
R R 49. How many gallons per minute of cooling water are required to
mc vΔT = mgΔz where Cv = = removed 100,000 kJ/hr of heat from a diesel engine if the designed
k -1 MW ( k - 1)
temperature rise of the water is 20 °C?
8.314 A. 2.56 C. 5.26 *
Cv = = 3.1162
4 (1.667 - 1) B. 6.25 D. 4.25
Then,
Solution :
( 9.81m s2 ) ( 4 km ) 1000
 m 
   Q = mcpΔT where m = ρV
kJ  km 
 3.116 ( ΔT = )
 kg-k  1000 J kJ kJ  lbm   0.454 kg   kJ   60 min 
100000 =  8.33   ( V )  4.187  ( 20K )  
ΔT = 12.59°C hr  gal   1 lbm   kg - k   1 hr 
Ans. C V = 5.263 gpm
Ans. C
45. In a particular cycle, 350 MJ of heat are transferred into the system
each cycle. The heat transferred out the system is 297.5 MJ per cycle. 50. Twenty grams of oxygen gas (O2) are compressed at a constant
What is the thermal efficiency of the cycle? temperature of 30 C to 5  of their original volume. What work is
A. 1.6% C. 5.0% done on the system ?
B. 7.5% D. 15% * A. 824 Cal C. 944 Cal
Solution : B. 1124 Cal * D. 1144 Cal
Solution :
Q − Qout 350 − 297.5 V 
e t = in = = 0.15 W = mRT1 ln  2 
Q
in
350  V1 
Ans. D  kJ 
8.314
 20 g   kg-K   0.05 V1 
W =   ( 30 + 273 k ) ln  
 1000g kg   32   V1 
46. Steam flows into a turbine at the rate of 10 kg/s and 10 kW of heat are  
lost from the turbine. Ignoring elevation and kinetic energy effects,  
calculate the power output from the turbine.  1 kcal 
W = - 4.72 kJ  
Note: h1 = 2739.0 kJ/kg and h2 = 2300.5 kJ/kg  4.187 kJ 
W =-1.1265 kcal = -1126.5 cal
A. 4605 kW C. 4375 kW *
B. 4973 kW D. 4000 kW Ans. B

Solution : 51. A certain mass of gas having an initial pressure of 17,237 kPa and an
initial volume of 0.057 m3 is expanded isothermally to volume of
P = ms ( Δh ) - QL
0 0.113 m3. What is the work done by the gas in kJ?
P = (10 kg s )( 2739 - 2300.5 kJ kg ) - 10 kW A. 500 C. 672 *
0
B. 564 D. 600
P = 4375 kW
0
Solution :
Ans. C
V 
47. The enthalpy of air is increased by 139.586 kJ/kg in a compressor. The 1 1 V 
 1
(
 0.113 
W = P V ln  2  = (17237 kPa ) 0.057m3 ln  
 0.057 
)
rate of air flow is 16.42 kg/min. The power input is 48.2 kW. Which of
W = 672.37 kJ
the following values most nearly equals the heat loss from the
compressor in kW? Ans. C
A. – 10 * C. –9.95
B. 10.2 D. 9.95
52. Air having an initial pressure of 6,516 kPa and an initial volume of
Solution : 0.113 m3 is compressed adiabatically to a final volume of 0.057 m3 .
Calculate the work done by the gas as it compresses to a final pressure
Q = ΔH + W of 17, 237 kPa.
A. - 615.5 kJ * C. -157.9 kJ
kg  kJ   1 min 
Q = 16.42 139.586   - 48.2 kW B. - 197.5 kJ D. - 179.5 kJ
min  kg   60 s 
Solution :
Q = -10 kW
Ans. A P V − PV
W = 2 2 1 1
48. An oxygen cylinder of volume 2.3 ft3 has a pressure of 2200 psig and 1− k
is at 70F. Determine the mass of oxygen in the cylinder.
A. 26.66 lbs C. 28.66 lbs * W =
(17237 kPa ) (0.057 m3 ) − (6516 kPa ) (0.113 m3 )
B. 26.86 lbs D. 28.88 lbs 1 − 1.4
W = − 615.5025 kJ
Solution :
Ans. A

53. Gas is enclosed in a cylinder with a weighted piston as the top

boundary. The gas is heated and expands from a volume of 0.04 m3 to
0.10 m3 at a constant pressure of 200 kPa. Calculate the work done by
the system.

A. 8 kJ C. 12 kJ * T = 454.67°R
2
B. 10 kJ D. 14 kJ
Converting to K,
Solution : T = 454.67°R = 252.26 K
2

( ) (
W = P V − V = 200 kPa 0.10 m3 − 0.04 m3 = 12 kJ
2 1 ) Ans. D

Ans. C
58. With three different quantities x, y, and z of the same kind of liquid
of temperatures 9, 21 and 38C respectively, it is found that when x
54. Gas is enclosed in a cylinder with a weighted piston as the top and y are mixed together the resultant temperature is 17C and when y
boundary. The gas is heated and expands from a volume of 0.04 m3 to and z are mixed together the resultant temperature is 28C. Find the
0.10 m3 . The pressure varies such that PV = constant, and the initial resultant temperature if x and z were mixed.
pressure is 200 kPa. Calculate the work done by the system.
A. 29.87C C. 20.85C
A. 6.80 kJ C. 9.59 kJ
B. 25.92C* D. 24.86C
B. 7.33 kJ * D. 17.33 kJ
Solution : Solution :
V   0.10 
W = P V ln  2  = ( 200 kPa ) ( 0.04 m3 ) ln   = 7.33 kJ Mixture of x and y: Q x = Qy
1 1 V   0.04 
 1
m x (17 − 9 ) = ( 21 − 17 ) m y
Ans. B
m x = 0.5m y → ①
Mixture of y and z: Q y = Qz
55. Nitrogen is expanded isentropically. Its temperature changes from 620
F to 60 F. Find the pressure ratio (p1 / p2). m y ( 28 − 21) = ( 38 − 28 ) m z
A. 0.08 C. 26.2
B. 12.9 * D. 3547 mz = 0.70m y → ②

Solution : Mixture of x and z: Q x = Qz

m x ( t − 9 ) = mz ( 38 − t )
k-1
T P k 0.5m y ( t − 9 ) = 0.70m y ( 38 − t )
1 = 1  → note : k N 2 = 1.399 1.4
T P  t = 25.92C
2  2
1.4 -1 Ans. B
620 + 460  P1  1.4
= 
60 + 460  P  59. An air bubble rises from the bottom of a well where the temperature is
 2
25C, to the surface where the temperature is 27C. Find the percent
P increase in the volume of the bubble if the depth of the well is 5 m.
1 = 12.91
P
2
Atmospheric pressure is 101,528 Pascals.
A. 49.3 * C. 41.3
Ans. B B. 56.7 D. 38.6

56. An engine takes in 11,000 Btu/min of heat from a hot body while Solution :
giving an output of 110 hp. What is the thermal efficiency of this V − V
engine? %V = 2 1
A. 44.2 C. 52.4 V
1
B. 42.4 * D. 54.2
where : V =
( 0.287 kJ kg - K )( 25 + 273) K = 0.568m3 kg
Solution :
1 (101.528 + 9.81(5) kPa )
V =
( 0.287 kJ kg-K )( 27 + 273k ) = 0.848m3 kg
W
e t = out =
(110 hp )( 33000ft-lb hp-min ) 2 101.528 kPa
 Btu  0.848 − 0.568
= 0.4931  49.31%
 ( 778ft-lb Btu )
W %V =
in 11000 0.568
 min 
e t = 0.4242  42.42% Ans. A

Ans. B 60. An ideal gas is 45 psig and 80F is heated in a closed container to
130F. What is the final pressure?
57. Air expanded adiabatically from an initial absolute pressure of 31026 A. 54 psia C. 75 psia
kPa to a final absolute pressure of 1705 psi. If the initial temperature of B. 65 psia * D. 43 psia
the air is 600 R, calculate its final temperature. Solution :
A. 455 R C. 252.6 R
B. 252.6 K D. A and B *
P P 45 + 14.7 P
Solution : 1= 2  = 2
T T 80 + 460 130 + 460
1 2
k-1 P = 65.23 psia
2
T P  k
2 = 2  Ans. B
T P 
1  1
1.4-1 61. A large mining company was provided with a 3000 cm3 of compressed
 101.325 kPa  1.4 air tank. Air pressure in the tank drops from 700 kPa to 180 kPa while
T  1705 psi . 14.7 psia 
2 =  the temperature remains unchanged at 28C. What percentage has the
600°R  31026 kpa  mass of air in the tank been reduced ?
 
  A. 74 * C. 76
B. 72 D. 78

Solution : 65. If 6 liters of a gas at a pressure of 100 kPaa are compressed reversibly
according to PV2 = C, until the volume becomes 2 liters. Find the final
m −m pressure.
%m= 1 2 A. 600 kPaa C. 900 kPaa *
m B. 800 kPaa D. 1000 kPaa
1
 1m  
3
Solution :
( 700 kPa ) 3000 cm3x   
PV   100 cm  
m = 1 1= = 0.02431 kg P V2 = P V2
1 RT  kJ  1 1 2 2
1  0.287  ( 28+273 K ) 2 2
 kg-K  (100 kPa )( 6 L ) = P2 ( 2 L )
 1m  
3

(180 kPa ) 3000 cm3x 

P = 900 kPa
  2
P V   100 cm  
m = 2 2 = = 0.006251 kg Ans. C
2 RT
2 ( 0.287 kJ kg-K )( 28 + 273 K )
0.02431 − 0.006251
%m= = 0.743  74.3% 66. If 10 lbs of water evaporated at atmospheric pressure until a volume of
0.02431 288.5 ft3 is occupied, how much work is done?
Ans. A A. 610,358 ft-lb C. – 610,358 ft-lb *
B. 0 D. 550,000 ft-lb
62. A closed vessel contains air at a pressure of 140 Kpag and temperature
of 20C. Find the final gauge pressure if the air is heated at constant
volume to 40C. Take the atmospheric pressure as 759 mm Hg. Solution :
A. 156.46 * C. 136.46
B. 146.46 D. 126.46 (
W = P V −V
2 1 ) At 14.7 psia,
Solution :
lb  in 2  
W = 14.7  144  288.5 − (10 )( 0.016714 ) ft3 
 
P P
2
in  ft 2  
1= 2
T T W = 610343 ft-lbf ( on )
1 2
Ans. C
 101.325 kPa   101.325 
140 kPag + 759 mmHg   Pg + 759   kPa
 760 mmHg  = 2  760 
( 20 + 273) K ( 40 + 273) K 67. What pressure is column of water 100 cm high equivalent to ?
A. 9807 dynes/cm2 C. 0.10 Bar
Pg = 156.46 kPag B. 9807 N/m2 D. 9810 N/m2*
2

Ans. A
Solution :
63. Water substance at 70 bar and 65C enters a boiler tube of constant
inside diameter of 25 mm. The water leaves the boiler tube at 50 bar  100 cm 
P =  h = 9.81kN m3  
and 700K at velocity of 100 m/s. Calculate the inlet volume flow in  100cm m 
li./sec. At 70 bar & 65C, 1 = 0.001017 m3/kg, at 50 bar & 700 K, 2
= 0.06081 m3/kg. P = 9810 N m 2
A. 0.75 C. 0.82 * Ans. D
B. 0.64 D. 0.96
Solution : 68. Work done by a substance in reversible nonflow manner in accordance
with V = 100/P ft3, where P is in psia. Evaluate the work done on or
by the substance as the pressure increases from 10 psia to 100 psia.
ρ A υ =ρ A υ A. 33 157.22 ft-lb C. 43 157.22 ft-lb
1 11 2 2 2
υ υ B. –33 157.22 ft-lb* D. – 43, 157.22 ft-lb
1 = 2
v v Solution :
1 2
υ 100
1 = At P = 10 psia, V = 10 ft 3
0.001017 0.06081 1 1
υ = 1.67 m s At P = 100 psia, V = 1ft 3
1 2 2
π π 2  1000 L 
V = A υ = D2 υ = ( 0.025 m ) (1.67 m s ) 
1
 100   144 
11 4 1 1 4
 1 m3 
 W= 
10
  
 V   1 
 dV = −33,157.22 ft-lb
V = 0.821m3 s
Ans. B
Ans. C
69. Assume 8 lb of a substance receive 240 Btu of heat at constant volume
64. Determine the average constant pressure specific heat of steam at 10 and undergo a temperature change of 150F. Determine the average
kPa and 45.8C. Note: From steam table, at 47.7C, h = 2588.1 kJ/kg specific heat of the substance during the process.
and at 43.8C, h = 2581.1 kJ/kg. A.0.5 Btu/lbF C. 0.40 Btu/lbF
A. 1.79 kJ/kgC * C. 30.57 kJ/kgC B. 0.3 Btu/lbF D. 0.20 Btu/lbF *
B. 10.28 kJ/kgC D. 100.1 kJ/kgC
Solution :
Solution :

Δh 2588.1- 2581.1 Q = mCvΔT

Cp = =
Δt 47.7- 43.8 240 Btu = (8 lb ) ( C v ) (150°F )
Cp = 1.795kJ kg -K
Btu
C v = 0.2
Ans. A lb-°F
Ans. D

70. Determine the specific weight of air at 760 mmHg absolute and 22°C. Solution :
A. 1.134 kg/m3 C. 1.197 kg/m3 *
B. 1.416 kg/m3 D. 1.276 kg/m3 W = RTln V V
2 1( )
→ Note: V = V
2 4 1
1

Solution : 1 V 
 Btu 
 ( 68 + 460 °R ) ln 
W =  0.4968 4 1
 lbm-°R  V 
P = ρRT  1 
 101.325 kPa   kJ  W = - 363.64 Btu lbm
760 mmHg   = ρ  0.287  ( 22 + 273 ) K
 760 mmHg   kg-K  Ans. A
ρ = 1.20 kg m 3
76. Twenty grams of oxygen gas (O2) are compressed at a constant
Ans. C temperature of 30C to 5% of their original volume. What work is
done on the system? Use R of air , 0.0619 Cal/gm-K
A. 824 Cal C. 944 Cal
71. A one cubic container contains a mixture of gases composed of 0.02
B. 924 Cal D. 1124 Cal *
kg-mol of oxygen and 0.04 kg-mol of helium at a pressure of 220 kPa.
What is the temperature of this ideal gas mixture in degrees Kelvin? Solution :
A.441 * C.404
B.450 D.360
W =  PdV = mRTln V V
2 1 ( )
Solution :
 Cal 
W = ( 20 g )  0.0619  ( 30 + 273) ln ( 0.05 )
PV = nRT  g-K 
W = -1123.74 Cal
( 220 kPa ) (1m3 ) = ( 0.02 + 0.04 kgmol )  8.314
kJ 
 (T ) Ans. D
 kmol-K 
T = 441 K
77. Gas is enclosed in a cylinder with a weighted piston as the top
Ans. A boundary. The gas is heated and expands from a volume of 0.04 m3 to
0.10 m3 at a constant pressure of 200 kPa. Calculate the work done by
72. A pressure gage registers 50 psig in a region where the barometer the system.
reads 14.8 psia. Find the absolute pressure in kPa. A. 8 kJ C. 12 kJ *
A. 766.66 kPa C. 446.66 kPa * B. 10 kJ D. 14 kJ
B. 558.66 kPa D. 326.66 kPa Solution :

Solution : (
W = PΔV = 200 kPa 0.10 − 0.04 m3 )
Pa = Pg + Patm W = 12 kJ
Ans. C
 101.325 
Pa = ( 50 +14.8 )   kPa
 14.7  78. A piston-cylinder system contains a gas which expands under a
Pa = 446.66 kPa constant pressure of 1200 lb/ft2. If the piston is displaced 1 ft during
Ans. C the process, and the piston diameter is 2 ft. What is the work done by
the gas on the piston ?
73. 10 BTU (10 kJ) are transferred in a process where a piston compresses a A. 1768 ft-lb C. 3768 ft-lb *
spring and in so doing does 1500 ft-Ibf ( 2000 J) of work. Find the change B. 2387 ft-lb D. 4000 ft-lb
in internal energy of the system. Solution :
A. 8 kJ * C. 21 kJ
B. 12 kJ D. 5 kJ
W =  PdV = PΔV = PAΔL
Solution :  lbf   π  2
W = 1200    ( 2 ft ) (1 ft )
 ft 2   4 
Q = U + W
W = 3769.91 ft-lb
U = Q − W = 10 − 2 = 8kJ
Ans. C
Ans. A
79. Gas is enclosed in a cylinder with a weighted piston as the top
74. Find the change in internal energy of 5 lb of oxygen gas when the boundary. The gas is heated and expands from a volume of 0.04 m3 to
temperature changes from 100 F to 120 F. Use Cv = 0.157 Btu/lb R. 0.10 m3. The pressure varies such that PV = constant and the initial
A. 14.7 Btu C. 16.8 Btu pressure is 200 kPa. Calculate the work done by the system.
B. 15.7 Btu * D. 147 Btu A. 6.80 kJ C. 9.59 kJ
B. 7.33 kJ* D. 12 kJ
Solution : Solution :

ΔU = mC vΔT  0.10 
= ( 200 kPa ) ( 0.04 m 3 ) ln 
V2
 Btu 
W = P1V2 ln 
ΔU = ( 5 lb )  0.157  0.04 
 (120 - 100°R )
V1
 lb-°R  W = 7.33 kJ
ΔU = 15.7 Btu
Ans. B
Ans. B
80. Ammonia weighing 22 kg is confined inside a cylinder equipped with
75. Helium (R = 0.4968 Btu/lbmR) is compressed isothermally from 14.7 a piston has an initial pressure of 413 kPa at 38C. If 2900 kJ of heat
psia and 68F. The compression ratio is 4. Calculate the work done by is added to the ammonia until its pressure and temperature are 413 kPa
the gas. and 100C, respectively. What is the amount of work done by the fluid
A. – 364 Btu/lbm * C. – 187 Btu/lbm in kJ ?
B. – 145 Btu/lbm D. – 46.7 Btu/lbm A. 667 * C. 420
B. 304 D. 502

Solution : Solution :

( )
W = P V − V = mR T − T
2 1 2 1 ( ) V 
Δs = Rln  2  where V =1 4 V
 8.314 kJ  V  2 1
W = 22 kg   (100 - 38 ) K = 667.08 kJ  1
 3 + 14 kg - K 
 Btu   1 
Ans. A Δs =  0.4961  n 
 lb -°R   4 
Δs = -0.688Btu lb -°R
81. What is the total required heating energy in raising the temperature of
a given amount of water when the energy supplied is 1000 kwh with Ans. A
heat losses of 25% ?
A. 1000 C. 1333 * 86. Steam at the rate of 500 kg/hr is produced by a steady flow system
B. 1500 D. 1250 boiler from feedwater entering at 40C. Find the rate at which heat is
transformed in kCal/hr if the enthalpy of steam is 600 kCal/kg and of
Solution :
steam 50 kCal/kg.
A. 275,000 kCal/hr * C. 375,000 kCal/hr
Let: Q = heating energy B. 175,000 kCal/hr D. 475,000 kCal/hr
Q − 0.25Q = 1000 Solution :
Q = 1333.33 kWh
Ans. C Q = mΔh
Q = ( 500 kg hr )( 600 - 50 kcal kg )
82. What is the rise water temperature of water dropping over a 200 foot
Q = 275 000 kcal hr
waterfall and setting in a basin below? Neglect all friction and assume the
initial velocity is negligible. Ans. A
A. – 0.140 C * C. 0.256 C
B. – 0.918 C D. 0.429 C 87. During the polytropic process of an ideal gas, the state changes from
Solution : 138 kPa and 5C to 827 kPa and 171C. Find the value of n .
A. 1.354 * C. 1.345
B. 1.253 D. 1.234
Q = U + W → where:Q = 0 (adiabatic)
U = − W Solution :
mCpT = mgh
n −1 n −1
− gh − ( 9.81 m / s ) ( 60m ) P  n
2
T 171 + 273  827  n
T = = = −0.140C 2 =  2  = 
Cp 3
4.19 x10 J / kg .K T P  5 + 273  138 
1  1
Ans. A n = 1.354
Ans. A
83. Water enters the condenser at 30C and leaves at 60C. What is the
temperature difference in F? 88. For an ideal gas, what is the specific molar entropy change during an
A. 16.67 C. 54 * isothermal process in which the pressure changes from 200 kPa to 150
B. 48.67 D. 22 kPa ?
A. 2.39 J/mol-K* C. 3.39 J/mol-K
Solution : B. 1.39 J/mol-K D. 4.39 J/mol-K
Solution :
9 9
F = ( C ) = ( 60 − 30 ) = 54 F° P   J   200 
5 5 Δs = R ln  1  =  8314  ln  
P   kmol-K   150 
Ans. C  2
Δs = 2391.79 J kmol-K = 2.39 kJ kmol-K
84. A cylinder and piston arrangement contains saturated water vapor at Δs = 2.39 J mol-K
110C. The vapor is compressed in a reversible adiabatic process until
the pressure is 1.6 Mpa. Determine the work done by the system per Ans. A
kg of water. At 110C, S1 = 7.2387 kJ/kg-K, U1 = 2518.1 kJ/kg and at
89. An ideal gas mixture consists of 2 kmol of N2 and 6 Kmol of CO2.
1.6 Mpa, S2 = 7.2374 kJ/kg-K, U2 = 2950.1 kJ/kg, T2 = 400C.
The mass fraction of CO2 is:
A. – 500 kJ/kg C. – 632 kJ/kg
A.0.175 C.0.825 *
B. – 432 kJ/kg * D. – 700 kJ/kg
B.0.250 D.0.650
Solution :
Solution :
n MWx 6 ( 44 )
% mx = x %m =
W = -ΔU
ΣnMW CO2 2 ( 28 ) + 6 ( 44 )
(
W = - 2950.1 - 2518.1 kJ kg) %m
CO2
= 0.825
W = -432kJ kg Ans. C
Ans. B
90. An ideal gas mixture consists of 2 kmol of N2 and 6 kmol of Co2. The
85. Helium is compressed isothermally from 14.7 psia and 68F. The apparent gas constant of mixture is:
compression ratio is 4. Calculate the change in entropy of the gas A.0.208 * C.0.531
given that RHelium = 0.4961 Btu/lbmR. B.0.925 D.0.251
A. – 0.688 Btu/lbmR * C. 0.658 Btu/lbmR Solution :
B. – 2.76 Btu/lbmR D. 2.76 Btu/lbmR

MT Solution :
n N + n CO2 = nT → where: nT =
2
MWT

2 kmol + 6 kmol =
( 2 kmol )( 28) + ( 6 kmol )( 44 ) PV = mRT
MWT  lbf - ft 
 2
  1545 lb -°R 
( 20 psia ) (10 ft 2 ) 
144 in
MWT = 40 kmol 2 
= m m  ( 200 + 460°R )
 1 ft   12 + 32 
R 8.314 kJ kJ  
R= = = 0.208  
MW 40 kg-k kg-k
m = 1.243 lbm
Ans. A
Ans. C

91. A certain gas at 101.325 kPa and 16C whose volume is 2.83 m3 are
95. What is the approximate value of temperature of water having enthalpy
compressed into a storage vessel of 0.31 m3 capacity. Before
of 208 Btu/lb?
admission, the storage vessel contained the gas at a pressure and
A. 138.67°C C. 258.67°C
temperature of 137.8 kPa and 24C. After admission, the pressure has
B. 115.55°C * D. 68.67°C
increased to 1171.8 kPa. What should be the final temperature of the
gas in the vessel in Kelvin ?
Solution :
A. 298.0 C. 180
B. 319.0 * D. 420
Δh = CpΔT
Solution :
Btu  1.055 kJ   1 lb  kJ
208    = 4.187 ( T-0 )
mB + m =m lb  1 Btu   0.454 kg  kg-k
Added A
T = 115.44 °C
PBVB PAdded VAdded P V
+ = A A Ans. B
R BTB R T R T
Added Added A A
(137.8)( 0.31) + (101.325 )( 2.83) = (1171.8 )( 0.31) 96. An ideal gas at 0.80 atmospheres and 87°C 0.450 liter. How many
24 + 273 16 + 273 T moles are in the sample? (R = 0.0821 liter-atm/mole-K)
A
T = 319.76 K A. 0.0002 mole C. 0.0122 mole *
A B. 0.0278 mole D. 0.0091 mole
Ans. B
Solution :
92. If the specific heat at constant pressure for CO2 is given as 0.201
Btu/lb-R, what is the value of the specific heat at constant volume ? PV = nRT

( 0.8 atm )( 0.450 L ) = n  0.0821

A. 0.156 Btu/lb-R * C. 0.435 Btu/lb-R L - atm 
B. 0.365 Btu/lb-R D. 0.435 Btu/lb-R  (87 + 273 k )
 mole - k 
n = 0.0122 mole
Solution : Ans. C

97. Two kilogram of air in a rigid tank changes its temperature from 32°C
kR
Cp = to 150°C. Find the work done during the process.
k-1 A. 246 C. 175
 1545 ft - lbf  1 Btu  B. 180 D. 0 *
k  
= 
Btu 44 lbm -°R  778 ft - lbf 
0.201 Solution :
lb -°R k −1
k = 1.2896
Rigid Tank
where : Cp = kC v
W=0
Btu
0.201 = (1.2896 ) C v Ans. D
lb °R
Btu
C v = 0.156 98. Nitrogen (k = 1.4) is expanded isentropically. Its temperature changes
lb -°R
from 620F to 60F. Find the pressure ratio (P1/P2) .
Ans. A
A. 0.08 C. 26.2
B. 12.91 * D. 35.47
93. An amount of 4000 Btu of heat is transferred from a reservoir at 800 Solution :
deg.F to a reservoir at 200 deg. F. Find the entropy change of the
system. k-1 1.4-1
A. 2.89 * C. 1.34 T P  k 620 + 460  P1  1.4
1 =  1  = 
B. 3.24 D. 3.21 T P  60 + 460  P 
2  2  2
Solution : P P = 12.9
1 2
Ans. B
Q Q
Δs = 1 − 1
T T 99. In an isentropic process, P1 = 200 psi , P2 = 300 psi and T1 = 700R.
1 2
4000 4000 Find T2 using k = 1.4.
Δs = − A. 576R C. 786R *
800 + 460 200 + 460
B. 680R D. 590R
Δs = − 2.89
Ans. A Solution :

94. Find the mass of carbon dioxide having a pressure of 20 psia at 200°F
with 10 ft3 volume.
A. 1.04 lbs C. 1.24 lbs *
B. 1.14 lbs D. 1.34 lbs

k-1 1.4-1
T P  k T  300  1.4
2 =  2  2 =
P  
T 700 °R  200 
1  1
T = 785.98°R
2
Ans. C

100. Nitrogen is expanded isentropically.Its temperature changes from

620F to 60F. The volumetric ratio is (V2/V1) = 6.22 and the value of
R for nitrogen is 0.0787 Btu/lbmR. What is the work done by the
gas?
A. – 100.18 Btu/lbm C. 110.18 Btu/lbm *
B. 120.27 Btu/lbm D. –120.27 Btu/lbm

Solution :

( )
Btu
P V −P V R T −T
2 1
0.0787 ( 60 − 620°R )
W= 2 2 1 1 = = lbm -°R
1− k 1 −k 1 − 1.4
W = 110.18 Btu lbm
Ans. C

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Prime Thermodynamics Merge

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PRIME REVIEW ONLINE POWER & INDUSTRIAL PLANT ENGINEERING

MECHANICAL ENGINEERING REVIEW PRIME’S SUPPLEMENTARY ENHANCERS (THERMODYNAMICS 02)

3. Calculate the work done by a system in which 1 kgmole of water Solution:

9. What is the average kinetic energy of a gas molecules of 0F (-18C)? Q = Qw

Solution: adiabatic w/o work → t hoottling

Solution: 54. Which of the following is true for any process?

71. Water (specific heat cv = 4.2 kJ / kgK) is being heated by a 1500 W P =P + Pg

( 0.80 atm )( 0.450 L ) = n  0.0821

Solution: 87. Atmospheric pressure boils at 212°F. At the vacuum pressure at 24 in

( 2m3 ) = m  8.314 kJ 

100. An air compressor has an inlet enthalpy of 35 Btu/lb and an exit

For the enhancement of Elements(Terms) in Mathematics & Basic

2 - 1 0.1386 - 0.98 ( 0.09957 )

@100 kPa : f = 0.0010431 m 3 / kg Solution:

52. The solid - liquid equilibrium of Gold is at what temperature?

H 2588.1 − 2581.1 Answer: A

temperature change in F ? V2 1.3

ΔH ΔH 7. An ideal gas with molecular weight of 7.1 kg/kg mol is compressed

3. A pressure gage registers 50 psig in a region where the barometer is Solution :

  (620 +150V+ 95V ) dV

4. A condenser vacuum gauge reads 715 mm Hg when the barometer Ans. B

( 0.50 lbm ) ( 32.2 ft s2 ) (100 ft ) 

P P 32. A Steam expands adiabatically in a turbine from 2000 kPa, 400C to

28. What is the temperature in C of 2 liters of water at 30C after 500 A. 82 C. 80 *

30. Assuming compression is according to the law PV = constant.

Solution : Finding n from PV n = C :

t = 96.88°F ( 275 kPaa )(850 ) − ( 2070 kPaa )(170 )

PV = RT 42. A quantity of 55 m3 of water passes through a heat exchanger and

Solution : m = 28.665 lbm

53. Gas is enclosed in a cylinder with a weighted piston as the top

Solution : Mixture of x and z: Q x = Qz

(180 kPa ) 3000 cm3x 

Δh 2588.1- 2581.1 Q = mCvΔT

( 0.8 atm )( 0.450 L ) = n  0.0821

100. Nitrogen is expanded isentropically.Its temperature changes from

For the enhancement of Elements(Terms) in Mathematics & Basic

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