A Detailed Lesson Plan in

GE 12
Prepared by: John Andrei T. Delos Reyes

I. Objectives
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
a.define evolutionary, functionalist, and structuralism approach in the context of culture;
b. recognize the importance of evolutionary functionalist and structuralism approach in studying
culture; and
c. engage in group discussions and actively participate in class activities.

II. Subject Matter

Topic: Different Approaches in Studying Culture
Reference: Boundless Sociology
Materials: Laptop, powerpoint presentation, chalkboard, chalk.

III. Procedure

Teacher’s Activity Students Activity

A. Preliminary Activities

1. Greetings and Opening Prayer

Good morning class!

All: Good morning Sir, we are glad to see you!

Remain standing for the prayer. Dave

lead the prayer. Dave: Let’s bow our head, close our eyes, and
let us pray. Our Father who art in heaven….

Good morning once again class!

All: Good morning Sir!

You may now take your sit.

How are you today?
We’re fine.
It’s good to hear that you are all fine
today.

2. Checking of Attendance

Before we proceed, let me check your

attendance first. Class monitor, is there
any absent form the class?
Class monitor: None Sir!
 Very good! I’m glad all of you are
present in my class, because of the let’s
give ourselves a present clap.

3. Setting of Classroom Standards

Before we proceed to our next activity,

let’s have an agreement first.
Everybody read.
All: Classroom Rules
1. Sit Properly
2. Listen to your teacher
3. Raise your hand if you want to answer
4. Cooperate and Participate

Okay, so, is everyone seated properly?

All: Yes Sir!

Very good! What will you do if there is

someone talking here in front?
All: Listen

How about if you want to answer?

All: Raise the hand

How about if we have group activities,

what will you do?
All: Cooperate and Participate

Very good!
Can I assure that you will follow our
classroom agreement?
All: Yes Sir.
That’s great!

B. Developmental Activities
1. Motivation
Do want to play?
All: Yes Sir.

Okay, now, we will play a game, but

before that, I will group you first into 3
groups.

This game is “Jumbled Words”. I will

show you a jumbled letters and all you
need to do is arrange this jumbled
letters to form a word. Your answers
will be written in the cardboard and
after you write your answer you will
 raise your cardboard. The first group
who will raise a correct answer will
receive a points.
Understand?
All: Yes Sir!

Are you ready?

All: Yes Sir!

If so, let’s start the game.

Jumbled Letters:
Answers:
1.erutluc 1. Culture
2.rynaoitulove 2. Evolutionary
3.listnaoitcnuf 3. Functionalist
4.lismarutcurts 4. Structuralism
5.happroca 5. Approach

2. Presentation
These are the words that you’ve form
from the jumbled letters:
1.Culture
2.Evolutionary
3.Functionalist
4.Structuralism
5.Approach

Based on that words, who has an idea

of what is our lesson in this morning?
Yes Dave? Dave: About culture Sir.
Okay, culture has a connection to our
lesson in this morning. Who has
another idea? Yes John Ray?
John Ray: Approaches in Studying Culture Sir

Okay, very good! Our lesson for today

is about different approaches in
studying culture. But before we proceed
to our discussion, let’s get to know first
our lesson objectives. Everybody read.
At the end of the lesson, students should be
able to:

a.define evolutionary, functionalist, and

structuralism approach in the context of
culture;
b. recognize the importance of evolutionary
functionalist and structuralism approach in
studying culture; and
c. engage in group discussion and participate
actively in class actibitvities .

Those are the goals of our lesson in this

morning.
 Now let’s proceed to our formal
discussion.

3. Discussion
Our topic is a about different
approaches in studying culture, but
before we go deeper to our discussion, I
want to ask you something. What is
culture? Yes Reggie?
Reggie: Culture are traits and practices that is
pass form generation to generation.

Very good! What else? Yes Ela?

Ela: Culture is our beliefs and traditions.
Very good! What else? Yes Iris?
Iris: Culture is our ways of living.
All right! All of your answers are
correct. Culture is a values , beliefs,
behaviors and material objects together
form a people’s way of life.

There are many approaches in studying

culture, but today we are going to
discuss only the 3 of them which are
evolutionary approach, functionalist
and structuralism approach and this
approaches has also its definition about
culture.
First is evolutionary approach. Kindly
read Clark.
Clark: The evolutionary approach focuses on
the development and change of culture over
time. It examines how cultural traits, practices,
and institutions evolve and adapt in response
to environmental, social, and technological
factors.

Thank you Clark!

Evolutionary Approach from the word
evolution it means there is a change or
development in a culture. It views
culture as a system of information that
is transmitted from one generation to
the next. And as it is passed to from it
generation to generation, evolve and
adapt in response to environmental,
social, and technological factors.

Here are some key concepts in the

evolutionary approach to studying
culture. Kindly read the first one Dave.
Key concepts in the evolutionary approach to
studying culture include:
1. Cultural selection refers to the process
by which certain cultural traits,
practices, or beliefs are favored and
perpetuated within a society or
community.
Cultural selection this are the traits and
practices that are more likely
maintained in a society or community .
For example the selection of language
and traits and practices that promotes
social cohesion and social order such
bayanihan, respect for elders, festivals
and many. This cultural practices are
perpetuated in a society and are more
likely to be pass to the next generations.

Second is Cultural transmission.

Kindly read Marjorie.
2. Cultural Transmission – Cultural
transmission refers to the process by
which cultural information, beliefs,
practices, and behaviors are passed
from one individual or generation to
another.
Cultural transmission is a process of
transmitting cultural traits and
practices to another. So, from the
selected traits and practices and how it
can be transmitted to the next
generation. It can be through
observation, through imitation, and
specially through socialization.

The next is cultural evolution. Kindly

read John Ray.

3. Cultural evolution refers to the process

by which cultural traits change and
adapt over time.
Cultural evolution is the center of
evolutionary approach . It how is
cultural traits change and adapt over
time as a response to environmental,
social and technological factors.

For example, one of the Filipino

traditions the bayanihan. Are you
familiar with it?

All: Yes Sir.

When we hear the word bayanihan the
thing comes to our mind is the house
that was carried by men. But bayanihan
or the spirit of communal unity is not
all about carrying the house, it is
helping others without expecting in
return. Although it is not common in
today world of building, but the spirit
of bayanihan is still alive. For example,
help others that are victims of typhoon,
some of us donates foods, materials,
and work hand-to-hand to help those in
need. From that you will see how a
certain trait evolve and adapt to the
new environment.

Another example is our national

language. In the past it is purely tagalog
but now we have tagalog slangs.
Another example is our way of
courtship, in the past it is a form of
serenading but as the environment
change due to the advancement of
technology the way of courtship change
from serenading to chatting in social
media.

So that’ s cultural evolution ,it how is

cultural traits change and adapt over
time as a response to environmental,
social and technological factors.

Always remember that evolutionary

approach is a perspective in studying
culture that focuses on the development
and change of culture over time.

The second approach in studying

culture is the functionalist approach.
Kind read JL.
JL: Functionalist Approach is a perspective in
studying culture that focuses on understanding
how different aspects of culture serve specific
functions or purposes within a society.

If evolutionary approach focuses on the

development and changes of culture
overtime, functionalist approach
emphasizes the functions and purposes
of cultural elements within a society.
Kindly read the definition of culture in
functionalist approach, Virgil.

Virgil:According to functionalist approach,

culture is a system of interconnected parts,
where each part serves a specific function that
contributes to social order and stability.
In functionalist approach culture is
seen as a system where each element
has a specific function that contributes
to the well-being of the society as a
whole.

Here are some key elements of culture

and it’s function within society.
First is language, serves as a means of
communication.
Second is beliefs and values. Kindly
read, Iris.
Iris: Beliefs and values are the guiding
principles and moral codes that shape
individuals’ behavior and attitudes within a
society.
Beliefs and values serves as the guiding
principles or the bases of our behavior
and attitudes within a society. They
provide a framework for understanding
the world, determining what is
considered right or wrong, and
influencing social norms and practices.

Third is the customs and traditions.

Kindly read Jadna.
Jadna: Customs and traditions are an integral
part of society, shaping its culture, values, and
social interactions.
Customs and traditions are practices
and rituals that are passed down from
generation to generation. It often
involve celebrations and festivals which
promotes social cohesion and provide
opportunities for communities to come
together, celebrate, and express
collective joy and happiness. It also
help preserve cultural heritage and
prevent the loss of cultural knowledge
and practices.

Fourth is the social institutions. Kindly

read Cindy.
Cindy: Social institutions – They serve various
functions within society, including
socialization, the transmission of cultural
values, the provision of social order, and the
allocation of resources and power.
Social institutions are structures or
organizations within society that play a
crucial role in maintaining social order,
providing essential services, and
shaping individuals’ behaviors and
interactions. Social institutions such as
family that plays a fundamental role in
socialization; education that is
responsible for imparting knowledge,
skills, and values to individuals;
government that establishes and
enforces laws, maintains social order,
and provides public services; economy
that involved in the production,
distribution, and consumption of goods
and employment opportunities; religion
that provides individuals with a system
of beliefs, values, and practices.

Functionalist approach emphasizes the

idea that cultural practices, beliefs, and
institutions exist because they fulfill
certain social needs and contribute to
the overall stability and functioning of
a society. Language, beliefs and values,
customs and traditions and social
institutions, these elements of culture
work together to shape and define a
society.

Another approach in studying culture is

structuralism approach. Kindly read
Cherelyn.
Cherelyn: The structuralism approach in
studying culture focuses on the underlying
structures and systems that shape cultural
phenomena. It views culture as a system of
signs and symbols that operate within a set of
underlying structures.

Okay, thank you Cherelyn!

So, structuralism approach focuses on
the underlying structures of that shapes
cultural phenomena. If evolutionary
approach views culture as a system of
information that is transmitted from
one generation to the next, then it
evolves overtime, functionalist
approach views culture as a system
where each element has a specific
function within society, structuralism
approach views culture as a system of
signs and symbols that works within a
set of underlying structures.

Here are some commonly recognized

underlying structures of culture.
Everybody read.
All: Symbols, language, institutions.

First is symbols, it can be words,

gestures, objects, colors, or behavior
that convey shared meaning. For
example the Philippine Flag. Philippine
Flag it has 4 colors, the blue, red, white
and yellow which are the sun an stars.
The white triangle stands for equality;
the blue stripe stands for peace, truth,
and justice; and the red stripe
represents patriotism and valor. The
eight sun rays symbolize the first eight
provinces in the Philippines that
revolted against Spanish colonization.
And the 3 stars symbolizes the?
All: Luzon Visayas , and Mindanao.
Another example is the cross in
Christianity. It symbolize the
crucifixion of Jesus Christ and the
redeeming benefits of his passion and
death. As you noticed, they are just
colors and objects but they have shared
meanings.

Second is language. Again what is

language?
All: Use for communication.

Language is an integral part of culture,

and human culture cannot exist without
it. Our observations, norms, values,
and ideas exist because we have learned
to identify or experience these through
language.

Third is the institutions . Institutions

are formal or informal structures and
systems within a society that serve
specific functions and maintain social
order. Examples include government,
education, family, religion, and
economic systems.

These are the main underlying

structures of culture and without it
human culture will not exist.

Structuralism approach focuses on the

underlying structures of culture and it
views culture as a system of signs and
symbols that works within a set of
underlying structures.

So, those are some of the approaches

 in studying culture.

Now, what do think it is necessary

learn this approaches in studying
culture? Yes Vaneza?
Vaneza: It is necessary to learn these
approaches in studying culture because they
can help us to understand about different
issues, concerns, and aspects in culture.
Thank you Vaneza! The evolutionary,
functionalist, and structuralism
approaches are important in studying
culture because they provide different
perspectives and insights into
understanding the complexities of
human societies and their cultural
practices.

Any questions and clarifications?

All: None Sir.

If there is none, let’ s proceed to our

group activity.

C. Concluding Activities
1. Application
Now, we will have a debate. But before
that, I will group you first into three
groups.

As I mentioned earlier, the

evolutionary, functionalist, and
structuralism approach has its own
definition about culture. Now as you
can see, there are three doors, and each
door contains either of the three
approaches. I want you to pick a door
and whatever the approach inside it,
you will depend that culture is best
defined by that approach. Understand?
All: Yes Sir

2. Generalization
Now, that activities are all done, I want
 to know what you have learned about
our lesson in this morning. Yes Reggie?
Reggie: I learned the three approaches in
studying culture.
Okay, thank you Reggie for sharing
your learning . Who else? Yes Vaneza?
Vaneza: I learned that evolutionary approach
focuses on the development and changes of
culture overtime, functionalist approach
focuses about the functions of cultural
elements with society, and structuralism
approach focuses the underlying structures of
culture.
Thank you Vaneza! Who else want to
share their learning? Yes Chona.
Chona: I learned that the evolutionary,
functionalist, and structuralism approaches are
important in studying culture because they
provide different perspectives and insights into
understanding the complexities of human
societies and their cultural practices.
Thank you! I’ m glad to that you
learned from our lesson this morning.

Do you have any questions or

clarifications?
All: None Sir.
Since there is none , prepare ¼ sheet of
paper for the quiz.

IV. Evaluation

Direction: Read the questions carefully. Write your answers in the space provided.

______1. This approach focuses on the development and change of culture overtime.
______2. It views culture as a system of signs and symbols that operates within a set of underlying
structures.
______3. This approach emphasizes the functions and purposes of cultural elements within a
society.
______4. It views culture as a system of information that is pass from generation to generation.
______5. This approach focuses on the underlying structures and systems that shape cultural
phenomena .
______6. It views culture as a system where each element has a specific function that contributes to
the well-being of the society as a whole.
______7. It refers to the process by which cultural information, beliefs, practices, and behaviors
are passed from one individual or generation to another.
______8. They are gestures, objects, words, colors, or behavior that convey shared meaning.
______9. Refers to the process by which certain cultural traits, practices, or beliefs are favored and
perpetuated within a society or community.
_______10. Is an integral part of culture, and human culture cannot exist without it.
V. Assignment

In a long bandpaper, create a poster that depicts the evolution, function, and structures of culture.