International Foundation Year [IFY]

English For Academics [EAP]

READING-INTO-WRITING [FORMATIVE]
SUMMARY AND SYNTHESIS TABLE

Name of the Student: Tribhuban Chakma Student ID: Centre: __________

Synthesis of Text 1 and 2

Theme Text-1 Summary Text-2 Summary
What are the links
between ideas and
information in the texts?

How do the texts agree with,

extend or refute each other ?

Urbanisation takes place when a Urbanisation occurs when people Both the texts talk about the
surge in a greater number of shift from rural areas to urban same topic ‘Urbanisation and
residents living in towns and areas in hopes of better its Impacts’. In graphical
A definition of cities is seen. The most important income, job opportunities; thus, displays both show that Asia
‘urbanisation’ factor behind this is people from benefitting a region’s socio- and Africa having their
rural areas relocate economic development. Urban urbanisation rates.One
themselves into the urban areas. At population growth rates and difference to note is that one
Current global trends present, the total urban population urbanisation rates depend on the text differentiates between
in the world is around population growth rate. Through less and more developed
5000 million which is expected to reports, graphical displays show regions while the other text
Current regional hike up to 66% that is between that all around the world does not. Text-1 specifies the
trends 6000 to 7000 million. population growth rates are failing causes of urbanisation while
According to reports published, to Text-2 does not describe
Asia and Africa are holding the title thrive while for Sub-Saharan much behind the causes of
of having urbanisation rates Africa it is much better than urbanisation.

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 at their peaks. Ethiopia, an African others. By analysing the two
nation, has placed itself in both different
Africa and the world of graphs, it becomes clear that
Major causes of possessing urbanisation at its Asia is doing the best in terms of
urbanisation greatest height which resulted in urbanisation rate. China alone is
the increment of peri-urban having a mass number of
zones which are located right next urbanisation, and it is also
to major cities and towns. People expanding its economy swiftly.
Your reflection in & are urbanising with the Migration
response to the ideas hope of better living standards and plays a great role here in the
within the text. job facilities. However, being growth of many least-earning
overpopulated is never good. shifts as well as turning large
Urbanisation is important for a villages
country but it should be well- into urban regions. Some think it
managed. is hard to guess which parts of
the world will flourish and
continue to flourish depending on
the vital steps taken by the
authorities.

Name: Tribhuban Chakma

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Essay
Urbanisation is a method through city sizes are expanded as well as the population living out there. My point of view is that
urbanization is something that is urgent and highly beneficial but at the same time too much urbanisation is also capable of causing
damages; If the regions become overpopulated then it will be very difficult for the local governments to act immediately to
necessary needs eventually leading to mass amount of poverty.

Estimates show that only Asia and Africa are holding the title of having higher urbanization rates while in rest of the world, it is
failing in huge measures. However, both these regions have not seen progression that much, people are urbanizing mostly in
undeveloped parts of the world. Furthermore, not everyone has succeeded from urbanization either since not every nation on earth
was able to overcome this issue unlike China. The main reason behind China’s survival from this global headache is because of it’s
well management steps, for which China turned this disadvantage into its own terms and developing its economy swiftly.

Some reports published by media through graphical displays, it gets clear that sizes of peri-urban areas are insanely increasing.
For having an important knowledge, peri-urban areas are those parts of a sovereign state which just have been transformed from
rural villages to urban cities. And these places are often found with less developed infrastructures, the ones where life quality and
sanitation services are extremely poor. Also the environment here is discovered in a much worse situation almost near to being
ruined. It has been estimated that urbanisation rates are not seeming to fall either instead urban growth rates are expected to keep
growing until they stop by themselves in Asia.

People enter themselves into the cities mainly with bigger hopes. The main factors driving this operation are the people who
change their living places and shift themselves from the rural areas to the urban areas of a country. Because of urbanization in a
country, a chance gets created for it to shine and flourish in its economy besides that social development also progresses. People
mainly like to shift to urban areas just for better life standards, job opportunities and lastly for richness in education as well as
literacy. To be remembered, the process of locals shifting from one place to another is known as migration. One of the things which
impacts migration is the economic growth and highly wanted advancements and that even by technological improvements. A lot
think there is high security for one’s safety keeping away from conflicts and social disruption. These paths attract many to urban
zones and push possibilities that bring people away from. To be truthful, employment is also a vital attention gainer, job seekers
expect for large amount of salary earnings. There are parents who believe they can provide better access to literacy to their kids
and trainings to get quality skills before building a career. Individuals love the lifestyles available there. But keeping aside, migration
is not permanent in every case. A few could migrate temporarily as well.

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One fact everyone should accept is that the one which brings goods, brings bad things as well. Similarly, there are also multiple
drawbacks behind urbanisation. One of the most hurtful ones is unemployment. If all the spots for service holders gets occupied
and that too due to overcrowding, people would not be able to apply for it. Even if they apply there is a higher possibility that they
might get rejected by the companies or perhaps it would take much longer time for them before being allowed to perform tasks.
One common problem is wastage and pollution. Being overcrowded means more garbage being dumped while on the other side,
people waste a lot of valuable products such as plastics, one that could have been recycled for better purpose.

Just like troubles never stop arising in a journey, cities also consist of dark histories. To be discovered, air quality remains at its
worse state. The oxygen we need for survival and must breathe it in our body gets poisoned thus decreasing our days to live. The
stuffs that forcefully pushes us towards these disasters are vehicle exhausts, smoke from domestic fires, harmful chemicals being
released from factory chimneys, the diesel-powered generators and last but not the least is the dust coming out from construction
works and the streets. A lot of patients die especially because of inhaling vicious poisonous gases from these every day.

Again, food the one which every living being must acquire for moving on is being polluted. When pedestrians start to live on, they
intend not to consume home-made foods instead buy food from outside which creates difficulty in producing meals in a sustainable
way. Billions consume fish in their diet and sadly the dirty things are dropped into the waters from which the fish absorb gas
disclosed from those toxic elements. Along with that, those who eat up these fishes they end up damaging their health themselves.

In contrast, if the authorities take strict actions against those who do not follow rules. Then everything could get better. The
environment can remain protected.

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Teacher: Muhammad Touhidul Alam Rashel

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