SPECIFICATION FOR CENTRIFUGALLY CAST

FERRITIC ALLOY STEEL PIPE FOR HIGH-

TEMPERATURE SERVICE
SA-426

(Identical with ASTM Specification A 426-92 except for deletion of grade CP7 in Table 3.)

1. Scope E 280 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled [41⁄2 to

12-in. [114 to 305-mm] Steel Castings
1.1 This specification covers centrifugally cast alloy
E 446 Reference Radiographs for Steel Castings Up to
steel pipe intended for use in high-temperature, high-
2 in. [51 mm] in Thickness
pressure service.
E 709 Practice for Magnetic Particle Examination
1.2 Several grades of ferritic steels are covered. Their
2.2 ANSI Standard:
compositions are given in Table 1.
B46.1 Surface Texture
1.3 Supplementary requirements (Sections S1 through
2.3 ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code:
S12) are provided. The supplementary requirements
Section IX Welding Qualifications
provide for additional tests of an optional nature and
when desired shall be so stated in the order (Section 4).
1.4 The values stated in inch-pound units are to be 3. General Requirements for Delivery
regarded as the standard.
3.1 Material furnished under this specification shall
conform to the applicable requirements of the current
edition of Specification A 530/A 530M unless otherwise
2. Referenced Documents provided herein.
2.1 ASTM Standards:
A 370 Test Methods and Definitions for Mechanical Test-
ing of Steel Products 4. Ordering Information
A 530/A 530M Specification for General Requirements
for Specialized Carbon and Alloy Steel Pipe 4.1 Orders for material under this specification shall
A 609/A 609M Practice for Castings, Carbon, Low-Alloy, include the following, as required, to describe the
and Martensitic Stainless Steel, Ultrasonic Examina- desired material adequately:
tion Thereof
4.1.1 Quantity (feet, centimetres, or number of
E 44 Definitions of Terms Relating to Heat Treatment
lengths),
of Metals
E 94 Guide for Radiographic Testing 4.1.2 Name of material (centrifugally cast pipe),
E 165 Practice for Liquid Penetrant Inspection Method
E 186 Reference Radiographs for Heavy-Walled (2 to 4.1.3 Specification number,
41⁄2-in. [51 to 114-mm] Steel Castings 4.1.4 Grade (Table 1),
E 208 Test Method for Conducting Drop-Weight Test
to Determine Nil-Ductility Transition Temperature of 4.1.5 Size (outside or inside diameter and minimum
Ferritic Steels wall thickness),

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 SA-426 2001 SECTION II

4.1.6 Length (specific or random) (Section on be selected so as to be representative of the pipe being
Permissible Variation in Length of Specification A 530/ analyzed. The chemical composition thus determined
A 530M), shall conform to the requirements of Table 1.
4.1.7 End finish (Section on Ends of Specification
A 530/A 530M),
7. Tensile and Hardness Requirements
4.1.8 Optional Requirements (S1 through S12)
7.1 Steel used for the castings shall conform to the
Section 13.1,
tensile and hardness requirements specified in Table 2.
4.1.9 Test report required (Section on Certification
of Specification A 530/A 530M),
4.1.10 Service temperature if over 1000°F [540°C] 8. Test Specimens
(Note), and 8.1 Test coupons from which tension test specimens
4.1.11 Special requirements or additions to specifi- are prepared shall be removed from heat-treated casting
cation. prolongations.
8.2 When agreed upon between the manufacturer
and the purchaser, test coupons from which test speci-
5. Materials and Manufacture mens are prepared shall be cast attached to separate
blocks from the same heat as the casting represented.
5.1 Heat-Treatment—The pipe shall be furnished in
The test blocks shall be heat treated in the same manner
the normalized and tempered or liquid-drenched and
as the casting represented.
tempered condition (Note). The temperature for temper-
ing shall not be less than 1250°F [677°C] except for 8.3 Tension test specimens shall be machined to the
Grades CP1, CP2, CP11, CP12, and CP15 for which form and dimensions on the standard round 2 in.
the temperature for tempering shall not be less than [50 mm] gage length specimens shown in Fig. 6 of
1100°F [595°C]. Test Methods and Definitions A 370.
5.1.1 Heat treatment shall be performed after the
pipe has been allowed to cool below the transformation
range. Definition of heat-treatment terms shall be as 9. Number of Tests
given in Definitions E 44. 9.1 One tension and one hardness test shall be made
NOTE—It is recommended that the temperature for tempering should
from each heat.
be at least 100°F [56°C] above, the intended service temperature.
The purchaser shall advise the manufacturer of the service temperature
9.2 If a specimen is machined improperly or if
when it is over 1000°F [540°C]. flaws are revealed by machining or during testing, the
specimen may be discarded and another substituted
5.2 Machining—The pipe shall be machined on the from the same heat.
inner and outer surfaces to a roughness value no greater
than 250 ␮in. [6.35 ␮m] arithmetical average deviation
(AA) from the mean line unless otherwise specified as
10. Retests
in B46.1.
10.1 If the results of the mechanical tests for any
heat do not conform to the requirements specified, the
6. Chemical Analysis castings may be reheat-treated and retested, but may
not be re-austenitized more than twice.
6.1 Heat Analysis—An analysis of each heat shall
be made by the manufacturer to determine the percent-
ages of elements specified in Table 1. The analysis
11. Hydrostatic Test
shall be made on a test sample taken preferably during
the pouring of the heat. The chemical composition thus 11.1 Each length of pipe shall be hydrostatically
determined shall conform to the requirements specified tested in accordance with Specification A 530/A 530M.
in Table 1.
11.2 When agreed to between the manufacturer and
6.2 Product Analysis—A product analysis may be the purchaser and so stated in the order, the hydrostatic
made by the purchaser. The sample for analysis shall test may be deferred and shall be performed later by

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 PART A — FERROUS MATERIAL SPECIFICATIONS SA-426

the purchaser. Pipe furnished without the hydrostatic composition of the weld rod used shall be suitable for
test shall include with the mandatory marking the the composition of the metal being welded.
letters “NH”. The manufacturer is responsible for the
13.3.1 Only welders and procedures qualified in
satisfactory performance of the casting when it is tested.
accordance with ASME Boiler and Pressure Vessel
11.3 When certification is required by the purchaser Code, Section IX, shall be used. All repair welds will
and the hydrostatic test has been omitted, the certifica- be inspected to the same quality standards used to
tion shall clearly state “not hydrostatically tested”. The inspect the casting.
specification number and material grade shown on the
certification shall be followed by the letters “NH”.
14. Permissible Variations in Dimensions
14.1 Thickness—The wall thickness shall not vary
12. Visual Inspection over that specified by more than 1⁄8 in. [3 mm]. There
12.1 The surface of the casting shall be free from shall be no variation under the specified wall thickness.
cracks and hot tears as determined by visual examina-
tion. Other surface imperfections shall be judged in
accordance with visual acceptance criteria which may 15. Rejection
be specified in the order. 15.1 Each length of pipe received from the manufac-
turer may be inspected by the purchaser and, if it does
not meet the requirements of a specification based on
13. Rework and Retreatment the inspection and test method as outlined in the
13.1 Defects as defined in Section 13 shall be removed specification, the pipe may be rejected and the manufac-
and their removal verified by visual inspection of the turer shall be notified. Disposition of rejected pipe shall
resultant cavities. Defects that are located by inspecting be a matter of agreement between the manufacturer
with supplementary requirements S6, S7, S8, or S9 and the purchaser.
shall be removed or reduced to an acceptable size.
13.2 If removal of the defect does not infringe upon 16. Product Marking
the minimum wall thickness, the depression may be
16.1 Each length of pipe shall be legibly marked
blended uniformly into the surrounding surface.
with the manufacturer’s name or brand, the specification
13.3 If the cavity resulting from defect removal number and grade. In addition, heat numbers or serial
infringes upon the minimum wall thickness, weld repair numbers that are traceable to heat numbers shall be
is permitted subject to the purchaser’s approval. The marked on each length of pipe.

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 SA-426 2001 SECTION II

TABLE 1
CHEMICAL REQUIREMENTS
Composition, %

Man- Phosphorus,
Grade Carbon ganese max Sulfur, max Silicon Chromium Molybdenum
CP1 0.25 max 0.30–0.80 0.040 0.045 0.10–0.50 ... 0.44–0.65
CP2 0.10–0.20 0.30–0.61 0.040 0.045 0.10–0.50 0.50–0.81 0.44–0.65
CP5 0.20 max 0.30–0.70 0.040 0.045 0.75 max 4.00–6.50 0.45–0.65
CP5b 0.15 max 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.045 1.00–2.00 4.00–6.00 0.45–0.65
CP9 0.20 max 0.30–0.65 0.040 0.045 0.25–1.00 8.00–10.00 0.90–1.20
CP11 0.05–0.20 0.30–0.80 0.040 0.045 0.60 max 1.00–1.50 0.44–0.65
CP12 0.05–0.15 0.30–0.61 0.040 0.045 0.50 max 0.80–1.25 0.44–0.65
CP15 0.15 max 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.045 0.15–1.65 ... 0.44–0.65
CP21 0.05–0.15 0.30–0.60 0.040 0.045 0.50 max 2.65–3.35 0.80–1.06
CP22 0.05–0.15 0.30–0.70 0.040 0.045 0.60 max 2.00–2.75 0.90–1.20
CPCA15 0.15 max 1.00 max 0.040 0.040 1.50 max 11.5–14.0 0.50 max

TABLE 2 TABLE 3
TENSILE PROPERTIES AND HARDNESS RESIDUAL ELEMENTS
REQUIREMENTS
Total Contents
Tensile strength, min, psi (MPa): of These
Grade CP1 65 000 (450) Copper, Nickel, Chromium, Tungsten, Unspecified
Grades CP11, CP22 70 000 (485) Grade max max max max Elements, max, %
Grades CP5, CP9, CPCA15 90 000 (620)
CP1 0.50 0.50 0.35 0.10 1.00
All other grades 60 000 (415) CP2 0.50 0.50 ... 0.10 1.00
Yield strength, min, psi (MPa):
CP5 0.50 0.50 ... 0.10 1.00
Grade CP1 35 000 (240) CP5b 0.50 0.50 ... 0.10 1.00
Grades CP11, CP22 40 000 (275)
Grades CP5, CP9 60 000 (415) CP9 0.50 0.50 ... 0.10 1.00
Grade CPCA15 65 000 (450) CP11 0.50 0.50 ... 0.10 1.00
All other grades 30 000 (205)
CP12 0.50 0.50 ... 0.10 1.00
Elongation, min, %:A CP15 0.50 0.50 0.35 0.10 1.00
Grade CP1 24 CP21 0.50 0.50 ... 0.10 1.00
Grades CP11, CP22 20
CP22 0.50 0.50 ... 0.10 1.00
Grades CP5, CP9, CPCA15 18 CPCA15 0.50 1.00 ... 0.10 1.50
All other grades 22
Reduction of area, min, %:
Grades, CP1, CP2, CP11, CP12, CP15,
CP21, CP22, CP5, CP5b, CP7, CP9 35
Grade CPCA15 30
Hardness, max, HB:
Grades CP5, CP5b, CP9, CPCA15 225
All other grades 201
A
Elongation in 2 in. (50 mm) using a standard round specimen,
in either the transverse or longitudinal direction.

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SUPPLEMENTARY REQUIREMENTS

Supplementary requirements shall be applied only when specified by the purchaser.

Details of the supplementary requirements shall be agreed upon between the manu-
facturer and purchaser. The specified tests shall be performed by the manufacturer
prior to shipment of the castings.

S1. Additional Tension Tests S5. Metal Structure and Etching Tests
S1.1 Additional tension tests shall be made at a S5.1 Etching tests shall be made on transverse sec-
temperature to be specified by the customer, and the tions from the pipe and shall reveal the macrostructure
properties to be met are a matter of agreement between of the material. Such tests are for information only.
the purchaser and manufacturer.

S6. Radiographic Examination

S2. Flattening Test S6.1 The castings shall be examined for internal
S2.1 The flattening test shall be made on specimens defects by means of X rays or gamma rays. The
from one or both ends of each length of pipe. If the inspection procedure shall be in accordance with Guide
specimen from any end of any length fails to conform E 94 and the types and degrees of discontinuities
to the requirements of Specification A 530/A 530M, considered shall be judged by Reference Radiographs
that length shall be rejected. E 186, E 280, or E 446. The extent of the examination
and the basis for acceptance shall be subject to
agreement between the manufacturer and the purchaser.

S3. Photomicrographs
S3.1 The manufacturer shall furnish one photomicro- S7. Liquid Penetrant Examination
graph at 100 diameters from one specimen of as- S7.1 The castings shall be examined for surface
finished pipe from each heat in each heat-treatment discontinuities by means of liquid penetrant inspection.
lot. Such photomicrographs shall be suitably identified The method of performing the liquid penetrant test
as to pipe size, wall thickness, and heat. Such photomi- shall be in accordance with Practice E 165. The areas
crographs are for information only, to show the actual to be inspected, the methods and types of liquid pene-
metal structure of the pipe as furnished. No photomicro- trants to be used, the developing procedure, and the
graphs for the individual pieces furnished shall be basis for acceptance shall be as specified on the inquiry
required except as specified in Section S4. or invitation to bid and on the purchase order or contract
or both, as agreed upon between the manufacturer and
purchaser.

S4. Photomicrographs for Individual Pieces

S4.1 The manufacturer shall furnish photomicro-
S8. Magnetic Particle Inspection
graphs from one or both ends of each pipe. All photomi-
crographs required shall be properly identified as to S8.1 The castings shall be examined by magnetic
heat number, size, and wall thickness of pipe from particle inspection. The inspection procedure used shall
which the section was taken. Photomicrographs shall be in accordance with Practice E 709. The extent of
be further identified to permit association of each examination and the basis for acceptance shall be
photomicrograph with the individual length of pipe it subject to agreement between the manufacturer and the
represents. purchaser.

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S9. Ultrasonic Inspection prepared as Type A and tested in accordance with Test
Methods and Definitions A 370.
S9.1 The castings shall be examined ultrasonically
in accordance with Practice A 609/A 609 M. The extent S11.2 Absorbed Energy Value, of three specimens
of the examination and the basis of acceptance shall shall not be less than that agreed upon by the manufac-
be subject to agreement between the manufacturer and turer and purchaser, with no more than one value
the purchaser. permitted below the minimum average specified and
no value permitted below the minimum specified for
a single specimen.
S10. Residual Elements S11.3 Lateral Expansion Value, shall be agreed upon
S10.1 An analysis for the elements specified in Table by the manufacturer and purchaser.
3 shall be included in those analyses specified in Section S11.4 Perfect Shear Area, shall be agreed upon by
6. The chemical composition thus determined shall the manufacturer and purchaser.
conform to the requirements of Table 3.

S12. Drop Weight Test

S11. Charpy Impact Test
S12.1 Drop weight test properties shall be determined
S11.1 Charpy impact test properties shall be deter- by preparing and testing either Type P1, P2, or P3
mined on each heat from a set of three Charpy V- specimens in accordance with Test Methods E 208.
notch specimens. The test coupons shall be taken as The test coupons shall be taken as specified for tension
specified for tension specimens in Section 8 and tested specimens in Section 8. The crack starter weld shall
at a test temperature agreed upon by the manufacturer be deposited on the surface of the specimen which
and purchaser. The acceptance requirements shall be was nearest to the casting surface. Each test shall
either energy absorbed or lateral expansion or percent consist of at least two specimens tested at a temperature
shear area, and shall be that agreed upon by the agreed upon by the manufacturer and purchaser. Each
manufacturer and purchaser. Test specimens shall be specimen shall exhibit a “no break” performance.

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