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RNW (1)

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13 views2 pages

RNW (1)

Uploaded by

viduyamayalourdes
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Reviewer of "statistics SY 24-25.

pptx"

Introduction

• This presentation introduces the concept of random variables in statistics.

• It covers the definition, types, and examples of random variables.

• The presentation also discusses the probability mass function and expected value of a discrete random
variable.

Key Concepts

• Random Variable: A variable whose value is a numerical outcome of a random phenomenon.

• Sample Space: The set of all possible outcomes of an experiment.

• Discrete Random Variable: A variable that can take on a finite or countably infinite number of values.

• Continuous Random Variable: A variable that can take on any value within a given range.

• Probability Mass Function (PMF): A function that assigns probabilities to each possible value of a
discrete random variable.

• Expected Value: The average value of a random variable, calculated as the weighted sum of its possible
values.

Examples of Random Variables

• Example 1: Tossing a coin three times and counting the number of heads.

• Example 2: The weight of a powder that does not exceed 80mg.

• Example 3: The scores of a student in a 10-item test.

Classifying Random Variables

• Discrete:

• Score of a student in a quiz.

• The number of deaths per year is attributed to lung cancer.

• Continuous:

• How long students ate breakfast.

• Time to finish running 100m.

• Amount of paint utilized in a continuous building project.

Probability Mass Function (PMF)

• The PMF assigns probabilities to each possible value of a discrete random variable.

• The sum of probabilities for all possible values must equal 1.


Expected Value

• The expected value of a discrete random variable is calculated as the weighted sum of its possible
values, where the weights are the corresponding probabilities.

Solutions to Examples

Example 1: Suppose two coins are tossed. Let X be the random variable representing the number of heads
that occur. Find the values of the random variable X.

• Solution:

• Sample Space = {HH, HT, TH, TT}

• Possible values of X = {0, 1, 2}

Example 2: Two balls are drawn in succession without replacement from a box containing 5 red balls and
6 blue balls. Let Z be the random variable representing the number of blue balls. Find the values of the
random variable Z.

• Solution:

• Possible values of Z = {0, 1, 2}

Example 3: Let f(x) = kx for x = 1, 2, 3, 4. Find k so that f(x) satisfies the two properties of being a
probability mass function.

• Solution:

• The sum of probabilities for all possible values must equal 1:

• f(1) + f(2) + f(3) + f(4) = 1

• k + 2k + 3k + 4k = 1

• 10k = 1

• k = 1/10

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