UNIT-I : NUMBER SYSTEMS

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C h a p t e r

REAL NUMBERS
Real Numbers

Study Plan
Learning Objectives Maximum Time = 6 Hrs
Students will be able to: Maximum Questions = 85

 Learn fundamental theorem of arithmetic. List of Topics

 Find HCF and LCM of given numbers. TOPIC-1: Fundamental Theorem of
Arithmetic������������������������������������������� P.No. 01
 Prove irrationality of 2 , 3 and 5. TOPIC-2: Irrational Numbers������������� P.No. 06

TOPIC-1 Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic

Concepts Covered:
 Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic
 Prime Factorisation method to find HCF and LCM of given numbers.

We can write it as
Revision Notes 12 = 22 × 3
 The Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic  By using Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic, we
Every composite number can be expressed as a should find the HCF and LCM of given numbers (two
product of primes and this factorisation is unique, or more). [Board, 2023]
apart from the order in which the prime factors occur. This method is also called Prime Factorisation Method.
Fundamental theorem of arithmetic is also called  Prime Factorisation Method to find HCF and LCM:
Unique Factorisation Theorem. (i) Find all the prime factors of given numbers.
Composite number = Product of prime numbers (ii) HCF of two or more numbers = Product of the smallest
 [Board, 2021] power of each common prime factor, involved in the
Or numbers. [Board, 2018]
Any integer greater than 1 can either be a prime (iii) LCM of two or more numbers = Product of the
number or can be written as a unique product of prime greatest power of each prime factor, involved in the
numbers. e.g., numbers.
(i) 2 × 11 = 22 is the same as 11 × 2 = 22.
(ii) 6 can be written as 2 × 3 or 3 × 2, where 2 and 3 are FUNDAMENTAL FACTS
prime numbers. (1) The concept of LCM is important to solve problem
(iii) 15 can be written as 3 × 5 or 5 × 3, where 3 and 5 are related to race tracks, traffic light, etc.
prime numbers. (2) When we pair two objects against each other, the
e.g., 1. Represent 10626 as a product of unique prime LCM value is useful in optimising the quantities of the
factors.
given objects.
Sol. 10626 can be represented as 2 × 3 × 7 × 11 × 23
e.g., 2. Represent 8232 as a product of unique prime
factors. KEY TERMS
Sol. 8232 can be represented as 23 × 3 × 73
 The prime factorisation of a natural number is unique,
Composite Number: A composite number is a positive
except to the order of its factors. integer greater than one that has at least one divisor other
e.g., 12 obtained by multiplying the prime numbers 2, 2 than 1 and itself.
and 3 together, Prime Number: A prime number is a positive integer
greater than one that has exactly two distinct positive
12 = 2 × 2 × 3
divisors: 1 and itself.

Example-1
Find the LCM and HCF of 6 and 20 by the prime factorisation method.
Sol. Here, Prime factorisation of 6 = 21 × 31
Prime factorisation of 20 = 22 × 51
\ HCF(6, 20) = 21 = 2
and LCM(6, 20) = 22 × 31 × 51 = 4 × 15 = 60
 2
To obtain HCF & LCM
For any two positive integers,
a and b
HCF (a, b) × LCM (a, b) =a × b
For example
f (x) = 3x2y
and g (x) = 6xy2
HCF = 3xy
1. Let p be a prime number. and LCM = 6x2y2 Every composite number can be
If p divides a2, then p divides a, expressed as a product of primes
and this factorisation is unique,
where a is a positive integer. apart from the order in which the
2. 2, 3 are irrational numbers prime factors occur

Prime Factorisation
Method

Theorems Fundamental
Theorem of Arithmetic

Composite number
x = p1×p2× p3 ...×pn,
where p1, p2, ... , pn
are prime numbers

R eal Numbers

Trace the Mind Map





First Level Second Level Third Level

Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Topicwise, MATHEMATICS (STANDARD), Class-X
Real Numbers 3

SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

Very Short Answer Type Questions (1 mark each) Sol. HCF (a, b) × LCM (a, b) = a × b
1. If xy = 180 and HCF (x, y) = 3, then find the LCM Product of two numbers,
(x, y). R [SQP, 2020-21] xy = 180
OR HCF (x, y) = 3
If HCF (336, 54) = 6, find LCM (336, 54) A By using fundamental theorem,
HCF (x, y) × LCM (x, y) = x × y
[Outside Delhi Set-1, 2, 3, 2019]
⇒ 3 × LCM (x, y) = 180
Concept For any two positive integers, a and b
Applied HCF (a, b) × LCM (a, b) = a × b ⇒ LCM (x, y) = 60. 1

2. The LCM of two numbers is 182 and their HCF is 13. If one of the numbers is 26, find the other.
U [Delhi & Outside Delhi, 2020]
Sol.
Topper Answer, 2020

1
3. Find the sum of exponents of prime factors in the 6. What is the HCF of smallest prime number and the
prime factorisation of 196. smallest composite number ?
 U [Outside Delhi Set-1, 2020]  R [Delhi & Outside Delhi, 2018]
Sol. Prime factors of 196 = 22 × 72 ½
The sum of exponents of prime factors Sol. The required numbers are 2 and 4 and the HCF of 2
= 2 + 2 = 4. ½ and 4 is 2. [Marking Scheme OD, 2018] 1
4. Find the LCM of smallest two digit composite number
and smallest composite number.
Short Answer Type Questions-I (2 marks each)
1. A forester wants to plant 66 apple trees, 88 banana
U [SQP, 2020-21] trees and 110 mango trees in equal rows (in terms of
LCM of two or more numbers = Product number of trees). Also, he wants to make distinct rows
Concept
of the greatest power of each prime factor, of the trees (only one type of tree in one row). Find the
Applied
involved in the numbers. minimum number of rows required.
 A [APQ Set-2, 2023-24]
Sol.Since, the smallest composite number = 4
and smallest 2 digit composite number = 10 ½ Sol. 66
= 2 × 3 × 11
\ LCM of 4 and 10. = 23 × 11
88
4 =2×2 110
= 2 × 5 × 11
10 = 5 × 2
HCF= 2 × 11 = 22 ½
L.C.M. = 2 × 5 × 2 = 20
Total trees
= 264
\ LCM of 4 and 10 = 20. ½
264
Total number of rows = = 12 ½
Commonly Made Error 22
Some students don't know the concept of [Marking Scheme APQ Set-2, 2023-24] 1
composite number hence, they are not able to 2. Two number are in the ratio 2 : 3 and their LCM is 180.
find their LCM. What is the HCF of these numbers?
 U [Delhi Set-1, 2023]
Answering Tip
Sol. We know that,
Students must learn the important concept LCM × HCF = a × b (a, b are two numbers) ...(i)
of composite numbers and know the smallest Let numbers = 2x and 3x
composite number to find the LCM correctly.
\ LCM = 2 × 3 × x = 6x
5. Express 429 as a product of its prime factors. Þ 6x = 180
 AP [Delhi Set-1, 2019]
This Question is for practice and its solution is given at the end of the chapter.
 4 Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Topicwise, MATHEMATICS (STANDARD), Class-X

7. Explain whether 3× 12 × 101 + 4 is a prime number or

Þ x = 30 a composite number. U [Board Term-1 2017, 2015]
Numbers are: 2 × 30 = 60 and 3 × 30 = 90 1
From eq (i), 180 × HCF = 60 × 90 Sol. 3 × 12 × 101 + 4 = 4(3 × 3 × 101 + 1) 1
60 × 90 = 4(909 + 1) = 4(910)
Þ HCF = = 30 1
180 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 5 × 7 × 13 1
Therefore, HCF = 30 Hence, It is a composite number
[Marking Scheme Delhi, 2023] [Product of more than two prime factors]
3. 3 bells ring at an interval of 4, 7 and 14 minutes. All [Marking Scheme, 2015]
three bells rang at 6 am, when the three bells will be ring
together next ? 8. Find the HCF and LCM of 90 and 144 by the method of
A + E [SQP, 2020-21]
prime factorisation. U [Board Term-1, 2016]
Concept Take LCM of 4, 7 and 14 to get the required
Applied time. OR
Find the HCF and LCM of 72 and 120.
Sol. We know that, U [Outside Delhi Set-1, 2023]
The three bells again ring together on that time which Sol. Since, 90 = 2 × 32 × 5
is the LCM of individual time of each bell and 144 = 24 × 32
4 =2×2
Hence, HCF = 2 × 32 = 18 1
7 =7×1
14 = 2 × 7 and LCM = 24 × 32 × 5 = 720 1
LCM = 2 × 2 × 7 = 28 9. The length, breadth and height of a room are 8 m 50 cm,
The three bells will ring together again at 6 : 28 am 6 m 25 cm and 4 m 75 cm respectively. Find the length
[Marking Scheme, 2020-21] 2 of the longest rod that can measure the dimensions of
the room exactly. A [Board Term-1, 2016]
Commonly Made Error Concept Take HCF of 850, 625 and 475 to get the
Some students find HCF instead of LCM that Applied required length.
leads to incorrect solution.
Sol. Given, Length = 8 m 50 cm = 850 cm
Answering Tip Breadth = 6 m 25 cm = 625 cm
Height = 4 m 75 cm = 475 cm ½
Students must know that they have to find LCM
in this case to get correct solution.. Since, the length of the longest rod is equal to
HCF of 850, 625 and 475
4. Write the smallest number which is divisible by both \ 850 = 2 × 52 × 17
306 and 657. U [Outside Delhi Set-1, 2, 3, 2019] 625 = 54
Sol.By using prime factorisation method, and 475 = 52 × 19
306 = 2 × 32 × 17 ½
Hence, HCF (625, 850, 475) = 52 = 25 ½
and 657 = 32 × 73 ½
Thus, the length of the longest rod that can measure
\ LCM (657, 306) = 2 × 32 × 17 × 73
= 22338 ½ the dimensions of the room exactly is 25 cm. 1
[Marking Scheme, 2016]
Hence, the smallest number which is divisible by 306
and 657 is 22338. ½
5. The HCF and LCM of two numbers are 9 and 360 Commonly Made Errors
respectively. If one number is 45, find the other Mostly candidates are unable to determine
number. R [SQP, 2019-20] about what they have to find. Actually, most
6. If two positive integers p and q are written as p = a2b3 of the candidates don’t get to know that the
and q = a3b, where a and b are prime numbers then question is about HCF or LCM.
verify.
Sometimes students calculate the longest
LCM (p, q) × HCF (p, q) = p.q.
length of rod that lies in the room by finding its
AP [SQP, 2017-18]
diagonal.
Sol.
Since, LCM (p, q) = a3b3 ½
and HCF (p, q) = a2b ½
Answering Tips
3 3 2
LHS, LCM (p, q) × HCF (p, q) = a b × a b Adequate practice is necessary for such type of
= a5b4 ½ questions and basic concept of HCF and LCM
= a2b3 × a3b should be clear.
= pq = RHS. ½ Students should read the question properly.
 Hence verified
This Question is for practice and its solution is given at the end of the chapter.
Real Numbers 5
10. Find HCF of the numbers given below: 4. Prime factorisation of three numbers A, B and C are
k, 2k, 3k, 4k and 5k, where k is a positive integer. given below:
U [Board Term-1, 2015] A = (2r × 3p × 5q)
B = (2p × 3r × 5p)
Short Answer Type Questions-II  (3 marks each) C = (2q × 3q × 5p) such that, p < q < r and p, q & r are
1. If HCF of 144 and 180 is expressed in the form natural numbers.
13m – 16. Find the value of m. AP [SQP, 2020-21] • The largest number that divides A, B and C without
leaving a remainder is 30.
Sol. Prime factors of 180 = 22 × 32 × 5 1 • The smallest number that leaves a remainder of 2 when
Prime factors of 144 = 24 × 32
divided by each of A, B and C is 5402.
\ HCF (180, 144) = 22 × 32 = 36 1
Find A, B and C. Show your work.
36 = 13m – 16
A [APQ Set 1 2023-24]
On solving, we get m = 4. 1
[Marking Scheme SQP, 2020] Sol.Finds the HCF and LCM of A, B and C from the prime
factorisation as:
Tips & Tricks HCF = 2p × 3p × 5p ½
LCM = 2r × 3r × 5q
HCF (180, 144) = 13m – 16
From the given information, infers that HCF of A, B
Þ 36 = 13m – 16
and C is 30 and equates it to the HCF obtained in step
Þ m=4
1 to get the value of p as:
2p × 3p × 5p = 30
Commonly Made Error Þ (2 × 3 × 5)p = (2 × 3 × 5)1 ½
Þ p =1
Some students are not able to equate the HCF of From the given information, infers that LCM of A, B
144 and 180 to the given form correctly. and C is 5402 – 2 = 5400.
Equates it to the LCM obtained in step 1 to get the
Answering Tip values of q and r as:
Students should practice more questions and 2r × 3r × 5q = 5400 1
read the question carefully. Þ (2 × 3)r × (5)q = (2 × 3)3 × (5)2
Þ q = 2 and r = 3
Substitutes the values of p, q and r to find the values of
2. Find HCF and LCM of 404 and 96 and verify that HCF
A, B and C as:
× LCM = Product of the two given numbers.
A = 23 × 31 × 52 = 600
U [Delhi & Outside Delhi, 2018]
B = 21 × 33 × 51 = 270
OR
C = 22 × 32 × 51 = 180 1
Find the HCF and LCM of 26, 65 and 117, using prime [Marking Scheme APQ Set-1, 2023-24]
factorisation. U [Outside Delhi Set-1 & 3, 2023] 5. National Art convention got registrations from
3. Find the greatest number of six digits exactly divisible students from all parts of the country, of which 60 are
by 18, 24 and 36. A [Board Term-1, 2016] interested in music, 84 are interested in dance and 108
Sol. LCM of 18, 24 and 36 students are interested in handicrafts. For optimum
cultural exchange, organisers wish to keep them in
18 = 2 × 32
minimum number of groups such that each group
24 = 23 × 3
consists of students interested in the same art form
36 = 22 × 32 1 and the number of students in each group is the same.

LCM (18, 24, 36) = 23 × 32 = 72 1 Find the number of students in each group. Find the
The largest 6 digit number is 999999 number of groups in each art form. How many rooms
13888 ← Quotient are required if each group will be allotted a room?
72 ) 999999 A [SQP 2023-24]
– 72
279 Sol.Number of students in each group subject to the
– 216 given condition = HCF (60, 84, 108)
639 HCF (60, 84, 108) = 12
– 576 60
Number of groups in Music = =5
639 12
– 576 84
Number of groups in Dance = =7
639 12
– 576 108
63 → Remainder Number of groups in Handicrafts = =9
12
\ The required number = 999999 – 63 = 999936. 1 Total number of rooms required = 5 + 7 + 9 = 21 3
[Marking Scheme, 2016] [Marking Scheme SQP, 2023-24]

These Questions are for practice and their solutions are given at the end of the chapter.
 6 Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Topicwise, MATHEMATICS (STANDARD), Class-X

Commonly Made Error Thus, the fruit vendor should put 45 fruits in each
basket to have minimum number of baskets. 1
Some students don't find the HCF and they use [Marking Scheme, 2016 Modify]
LCM to find the number of groups.
2. State Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic. Find LCM
of numbers 2520 and 10530 by prime factorisation
Answering Tip method. R [Board Term-1, 2016]
Students must practice more questions to 3. Can the number 6n, n being a natural number, end
understand the concept of HCF and LCM, with the digit 5 ? Give reasons.

Long Answer Type Questions (5 marks each) A [Board Term-1, 2015]

1. A fruit vendor has 990 apples and 945 oranges. He OR
packs them into baskets. Each basket contains only Show that 6n cannot end with digit 0 for any natural
one of the two fruits but in equal number. Find the number 'n'. A [Outside Delhi Set-1, 2023]
number of fruits to be put in each basket in order to
Concept Using Fundamental Theorem of Arithmetic,
have minimum number of baskets.
Applied 6n = (2 × 3)n
 A [Board Term-1, 2016]

Concept Take HCF of 990 and 945 to get the required Sol.If 6n ends with 0 or 5, then it must have 5 as a factor.
Applied number of fruits. But only prime factors of 6 are 2 and 3. 1
∴ 6n = (2 × 3)n = 2n × 3n 1
Sol.For finding minimum number of baskets, we get From the fundamental theorem of arithmetic, the
HCF of 990 and 945. prime factorization of every composite number is
Prime factors of 990 = 2 × 32 × 5 × 11 1 unique. 2
Prime factors of 945 = 33 × 5 × 7 1 ∴ 6n can never end with 0 or 5. 1
Since, HCF of 990 and 945 is 32 × 5 or 45. 2 [Marking Scheme, 2015 Modified]

TOPIC-2 Irrational Numbers

Concepts Covered
 Rational & Irrational Numbers.

Let p be a prime number. If p divides a2, then p divides

Revision Notes 
a, where a is a positive integer.  [Board 2020]
p
 Rational Numbers: A number in the form
, where p  The sum or difference of a rational and an irrational
q
number is irrational.
and q are Co-prime number and q ≠ 0, is known as
 The product and quotient of a non-zero rational and an
rational number.
3 2 irrational number is irrational.
For example: 2, – 3, , − , etc. are Scan to know
rational numbers. 7 5 more about FUNDAMENTAL FACTS
this topic.
(1) The discovery of irrational numbers is usually attributed
 Irrational Numbers: A number to Pythagoras, more specifically to the Pythagorean
is called irrational if it cannot be Hippasus of metapontum who produced a proof of the
p
written in the form , where p irrationality of 2.
q Rational and
irrational (2) Irrational numbers are numbers that cannot be
and q are integers and q ≠ 0. For numbers
expressed as the ratio of two whole numbers.
example, 2, 3, 5, p .

SUBJECTIVE TYPE QUESTIONS

Very Short Answer Type Questions  (1 mark each)
3. Write whether
2 45 + 3 20
on simplification gives
23 2 5
1. If a2 = , Check it a is irrational or rational.
25
an irrational or a rational number.
23 2 23
Sol. a = , then a = which is irrational.  AP [Comptt. Set-1, 2, 3 2018]
25 5

2. Find a rational number between 2 and 3 . 2 45 + 3 20 2 95  3 45

Sol. =
 U [CBSE Delhi Set-1, 2, 3, 2019] 2 5 2 5
These Questions are for practice and their solutions are given at the end of the chapter.
Real Numbers 7

23 5  32 5 (6 + 6) 5
⇒ = ⇒ =
2 5 2 5
6 5 +6 5 12 5
⇒ = ⇒ = =6
2 5 2 5

which is a rational number.

Short Answer Type Questions-I (2 marks each)

1. Show that 5 + 2 7 is an irrational number, where 7 is given to be an irrational number.
 Ap [Delhi & Outside Delhi, 2020]
OR
Given that  
2 is irrational, prove that 5  3 2 is an irrational number.
Ap [Delhi & Outside Delhi, 2018]
 [Comptt. Set-1, 2, 3, 2018]
OR
Show that 7 − 5 is irrational, given that 5 is irrational. U [SQP, 2018-19]
Sol.
Topper Answer, 2020

Tips & Tricks a

Assume 6= , where b ≠ 0, a and b are co-primes.
b
Since, product of any rational and irrational
number is always irrational. Writes b 6 = a and squares on both sides to get 6b2
Therefore, 2 7 is irrational. = a2. Write that a2 is divisible by 2 and 3 as they both
are prime numbers, a is also divisible by both 2 and 3.
Also, sum of any rational and irrational number
Hence, conclude that a is divisible by 6. ½
is always irrational.
Writes a = 6c, where c is an integer and square on both
Therefore, 5 + 7 is an irrational number. sides to get a2 = 36c2.
Hence Proved. Replaces a2 with 6b2 from step 2 to get 6b2 = 36c2 and
2. Check whether the statement below is true or false. solves it to get b2 = 6c2. Write that b2 is divisible by 2 and 3
“The square root of every composite number is as they both are prime numbers, b is also divisible by both
rational.” Justify your answer by proving rationality 2 and 3. Hence, concludes that b is divisible by 6. ½
or irrationality as applicable. U [APQ Set-1 2023-24] Writes that 2 and 3 divide both a and b which contradicts
the assumption that a and b are co-prime and hence 6 is
Sol.Takes a number which is not a perfect square but is a
irrational. Concludes that the given statement is false. ½
composite number. For example, 6. ½
[Marking Scheme APQ Set-1 2023 – 24]
 8 Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Topicwise, MATHEMATICS (STANDARD), Class-X

3. Prove that 7 5 is an irrational number.* 2. Prove that 3 is an irrational number.

 AP [NCERT]  AP [Board, 2019] [Delhi Set-2, 2023]

Short Answer Type Questions-II  (3 marks each) Long Answer Type Questions (5 marks each)
1. Prove that 2 − 3 is irrational, given that 3 is an 2+ 3
1. Prove that is an irrational number, given that
5
irrational number. AP [SQP, 2020-21]
OR 3 is an irrational number. AP [Delhi Set-1II, 2019]
Given that 3 is irrational, prove that 5 + 2 3 is an 2+ 3
Sol.Let is a rational number
irrational number. [SQP, 2022-23] 5
OR p
Therefore, we can write it in the form of . 1
Given that 5 is irrational, prove that 2 5 − 3 is an q
irrational number. AP [SQP, 2020-21] 2+ 3 p 5p
OR \ = ⇒ 2+ 3 =  1
5 q q
Prove that 2 + 5 3 is an irrational number, given that 5p 5p − 2q
⇒ 3 = −2 ⇒ 3 = 1
3 is an irrational number. q q

 AP [CBSE Outside Delhi, Set-1, 2019] 5p − 2q
Since, p and q are co-prime integers, then is
OR q
Prove that 5 + 6 7 is irrational. [APQ, Set-2 2023-24] a rational number.
OR But this contradicts the fact that 3 is an irrational
Prove that 6 + 2 is an irrational number. [NCERT] number. 1
So, our assumption is wrong.
Irrational Numbers: A number is called 2+ 3
Concept irrational if it cannot be written in the form Therefore, is an irrational number,
Applied 5
p, q where p and q are integers and q ≠ 0.
Hence Proved. 1
2. Prove that 5 is an irrational number.
Sol. Let 2 − 3 be a rational number ½
U [Outside Delhi Set-1, 2020] [Delhi Set-1, 2023]
We can find co-prime numbers a and b (b ¹ 0) such that
OR
a
2− 3 = ½ Prove that 2 is an irrational number.
b
U [Delhi Set-1, 2, 3, 2019]
a [Board Term-1, 2015] [SQP 2023-24]
2− = 3 ½
b [Outside Delhi Set-1 & 3, 2023]
2b − a
So, we get = 3
b Sol. Let 5 be a rational number.
2b − a p
Since a and b are integers, we get is rational. \ 5 = , 1
b q
But 3 is an irrational number. ½ where p and q are co-prime integers and q ≠ 0
On squaring both the sides, we get
As rational number cannot be equal to an irrational
number. p2
5= 2
Which contradicts our statement ½ q
Therefore 2 − 3 is irrational. ½ or p2 = 5q2 1
[Marking Scheme, 2020-21]  p2 is divisible by 5
\ p is divisible by 5
Let p = 5r for some positive integer r,
Commonly Made Error p2 = 25r2 1
Some students don't write the proper \ 5q2 = 25r2
explanation for the assumptions made. or q2 = 5r2
 q2 is divisible by 5
\ q is divisible by 5. 1
Answering Tip Here p and q are divisible by 5, which contradicts the
fact that p and q are co-primes.
Students must write appropriate explanations Hence, our assumption is false
for the assumptions made in proof. \ 5 is an irrational number. Hence Proved. 1
[Marking Scheme, 2020]

These Questions are for practice and their solutions are given at the end of the chapter.
Real Numbers 9

COMPETENCY BASED QUESTIONS

LEVEL-1: Objective Type Questions  (1 mark each) 4. The greatest number which when divides 1251, 9377
and 15628 leaves remainder 1, 2 and 3 respectively is
[A] Multiple Choice Questions  [Board Term-1, 2021]
1. The exponent of 5 in the prime factorisation of 3750 is (A) 575 (B) 450 (C) 750 (D) 625
(A) 3 (B) 4 (C) 5 (D) 6 Ans. Option (D) is correct.
[Board Term-1, 2021] First subtract the remainders from their respective
Ans. Option (B) is correct. numbers,
Explanation: According to the prime factorisation, 3750
1251 – 1 = 1250
can be written as
9377 – 2 = 9375
3750 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 3 × 2 = 54 × 31 × 21
It is clear from above, that exponent of 5 in the prime 15628 – 3 = 15625
factorisation of 3750 is 4. According to the prime factorisation,
1250 = 2 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5
Commonly Made Error 9375 = 3 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5
Sometimes students write answer as 54 = 625, 15625 = 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 × 5
which is wrong. HCF (1250, 9375, 15625) = 5 × 5 × 5 × 5 = 625
[Marking Scheme, 2021]
Answering Tip
5. If a and b are two coprime numbers, then a3 and b3 are
4
The answer 5 = 625 given by the student, is not  [Board Term-1, 2021]
clear, so students should read question carefully. (A) Coprime (B) Not coprime
(C) Even (D) Odd
2. What is the greatest possible speed at which a girl can Ans. Option (A) is correct.
walk 95 m and 171 m in an exact number of minutes? Explanation: As a and b are co-prime then a3 and b3
 [Board Term-1, 2021] are also co-prime.
(A) 17 m/min. (B) 19 m/min. We can understand the above situation with the help
(C) 23 m/min. (D) 13 m/min. of an example.
Ans. Option (B) is correct. Let a= 3 and b = 4
Explanation: As the girl needs to walk 95 m and a3 = 33 = 27 and b3 = 43 = 64
171 m at the exact number of minutes. Clearly, HCF (a, b) = HCF (3, 4) = 1
So, we have to find HCF of 95 and 171. Then, HCF (a3, b3) = HCF (27, 64) = 1
According to prime factorisation of 95 and 171 [Marking Scheme, 2021]
95 = 5 × 19 6. If n is a natural number, then 2(5n + 6n) always ends
171 = 3 × 3 × 19 with
HCF (95, 171) = 19 (A) 1 (B) 4 (C) 3 (D) 2
Hence, greatest possible speed is 19 m/min. [Board Term-1, 2021]
3. Three alarm clocks ring their alarms at regular Ans. Option (D) is correct.
intervals of 20 min., 25 min. and 30 min. respectively. Explanation: Let us take an example of different
If they first beep together at 12 noon, at what time will powers of 5.
they beep again for the first time?
As, 51 = 5
[Board Term-1, 2021] 52 = 25
(A) 4 : 00 pm (B) 4 : 30 pm 53 = 125
(C) 5 : 00 pm (D) 5 : 30 pm 54 = 625 …….
Ans. Option (C) is correct. It is clear from above example that 5n will always end
Explanation: Time when they ring together with 5.
= LCM (20, 25, 30) Similarly, 6n will always end with 6.
According to prime factorisation, So, 5n + 6n will always end with 5 + 6 = 11
20 = 2 × 2 × 5 Also, 2(5n + 6n) will always end with 2 × 11 = 22
25 = 5 × 5 i.e., it will always end with 2.
30 = 2 × 3 × 5 [Marking Scheme, 2021]
LCM (20, 25, 30) = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 × 5 = 300
7. The LCM of two numbers is 2400. Which of the
Thus, 3 bells ring together after 300 minutes or 5 hours. following can not be their HCF?
Since, they rang together first at 12 noon, then they (A) 300 (B) 400 (C) 500 (D) 600
ring together again at 5:00 pm.  [Board Term-1, 2021]
10 Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Topicwise, MATHEMATICS (STANDARD), Class-X

Ans. Option (C) is correct. OR

Explanation: According to the property, HCF of If two positive integers a and b are written as a = x3y2
two numbers is also a factor of LCM of same two and b = xy3, where x, y are prime numbers, then the
numbers. result obtained by dividing the product of the positive
Out of all the options, only (C) 500 is not a factor of integers by the LCM (a, b) is
2400. (A) xy (B) xy2 (C) x3y3 (D) x2y2
Therefore, 500 cannot be the HCF.  [SQP 2023-24]
[Marking Scheme, 2021]
Ans. Option (C) is correct.
Commonly Made Error Explanation: P = p3q = p × p × p × q
Q = (pq)2 = p × p × q × q
Some students don't know about the property \ LCM (P, Q) = p × p × p × q × q
of HCF and LCM so they are not able to solve
this question. = p3q2
[Marking Scheme, 2021]
Answering Tip 11. The total number of factors of prime number is
 [CBSE Delhi & OD, 2020]
Students must learn the property that HCF of
(A) 1 (B) 0 (C) 2 (D) 3
two numbers is also a factor of their LCM.
Ans. Option (C) is correct.
Explanation: We have only two factors (1 and
8. Which of these numbers can be expressed as a prod-
number itself) of any prime number.
uct of two or more prime numbers ?
[Marking Scheme, 2020]
(i) 15 (ii) 34568 (iii) (15 × 13)
12. The HCF and the LCM of 12, 21, 15 respectively are
[Q.B., 2021-22]
 [Delhi, OD, 2020]
(A) only (ii) (B) only (iii)
(A) 3, 140 (B) 12, 420 (C) 3, 420 (D) 420, 3
(C) only (i) and (ii) (D) all - (i), (ii) and (iii)
OR
Ans. Option (D) is correct. The ratio of HCF to LCM of the least composite num-
Explanation: Prime factors of 15 = 3 × 5 ber and the least prime number is
Prime factors of 34568 = 23 × 29 × 149
 [Delhi Set-1, 2023]
Prime factors of 15 × 13 = 3 × 5 × 13
It is clear that the given numbers in part (i), (ii) and (A) 1 : 2 (B) 2 : 1 (C) 1 : 1 (D) 1 : 3
(iii) have product of two or more prime numbers. OR
[Marking Scheme, 2021] The LCM of smallest 2-digit number and smallest
9. 1245 is a factor of the numbers p and q. composite number is [Outside Delhi Set-1, 2023]
Which of the following will always has 1245 as a fac- (A) 12 (B) 4 (C) 20 (D) 40
tor? Ans. Option (C) is correct.
(i) p + q (ii) p × q (iii) p ÷ q Explanation: 12 = 2 × 2 × 3
[Q.B., 2021-22] 21 = 3 × 7
(A) only (ii) (B) only (i) and (ii) and 15 = 3 × 5
(C) only (iii) (D) all - (i), (ii) and (iii) HCF of 12, 21 and 15 = 3
Ans. Option (B) is correct. and LCM of 12, 21 and 15
Explanation: = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 = 420.
[Marking Scheme, 2020]
Factors of 1245 = 1, 3, 5,15, 83, 249, 415 and 1245
Since, every factor is always ≤ the given number, 13. Let a and b be two positive integers such that a = p3q4
Hence, p = 1245 a q =1245 b and b = p2q3, where p and q are prime numbers. If
HCF (a, b) = pmqn and LCM (a, b) = prqs, then (m + n)
Now, p + q = 1245 (a + b). Hence, (p + q) always has
(r + s) = [SQP, 2022-23]
a factor 1245
(A) 15 (B) 30 (C) 35 (D) 72
Now, p × q = (1245)2 (ab).
Ans. Option (C) is correct.
Hence, (p × q) always has a factor 1245
Explanation: a = p3q4 and b = p2q3
[Marking Scheme, 2021]
HCF (a, b) = p2q3...(i)
10. P and Q are two positive integers such that P = p3q
and Q = (pq)2, where p and q are prime numbers. and LCM (a, b) = p3q4...(ii)
What is LCM (P, Q) ? [Q.B., 2021-22] But Given: HCF (a, b) = pmqn and LCM (a, b) = prqs
(A) pq (B) p2q2 (C) p3q2 (D) p5q3 From eq. (i), pmqn = p2q3
OR So, m = 2 and n = 3
If two positive integers a and b are written as a = x3y2
From eq. (ii), prqs = p3q4
and b = xy3; x, y are prime numbers, then HCF (a, b) is:
(A) xy (B) xy2 (C) x3y3 (D) x2y2 So, r = 3 and s = 4
[NCERT Exemplar] \ (m + n)(r + s) = (2 + 3)(3 + 4) = 35.

Real Numbers 11
14. The product of a non-zero rational and an irrational Mark the correct choice as:
number is: (A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation
(A) always irrational (B) always rational of A
(C) rational or irrational (D) one (B)Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct
[NCERT Exemplar] explanation of A
15. In a formula racing competition, the time taken by (C) A is true but R is false
two racing cars A and B to complete 1 round of the (D) A is false but R is True
track is 30 minutes and p minutes respectively. If the 1. A number q is prime factorised as 32 × 72 × b, where b
cars meet again at the starting point for the first time is a prime number other than 3 and 7.
after 90 minutes and the HCF (30, p) = 15, then the Assertion (A): q is definitely an odd number.
value of p is Reason (R): 32 × 72 is an odd number.
(A) 45 minutes (B) 60 minutes [APQ Set-1, 2023-24]
(C) 75 minutes (D) 180 minutes Ans. Option (D) is correct.
[APQ Set-2, 2023-24] Explanation: Firstly consider the assertion:
Ans. Option (A) is correct. Let b = 2 (a prime number)
Explanation: The time after which both the cars meet Then, q = 32 × 72 × 2 = 9 × 49 × 2 = 882 , which is an
again at the starting point is the LCM of the two times. even number.
Since, HCF(30, p) × LCM(30, p) = (30 × p) Hence, assertion is false.
( 30 × p ) Now let us consider the reason:
Þ LCM(30, p) =
HCF( 30 , p ) 32 × 72 = 9 × 49 = 441 = an odd number.
( 30 × p ) Thus, reason is true.
Þ LCM(30, p) = Thus, assertion is false but reason is true.
15 2. Statement A (Assertion): If product of two numbers is
Þ LCM(30, p) = 2p 5780 and their HCF is 17, then their LCM is 340.
From the given information, the cars meet again at the Statement R (Reason): HCF is always a factor of LCM.
starting point after 90 minutes. This means that 2p = 90  [SQP, 2023-24]
or p = 45 minutes. Ans. Option (B) is correct.
 [Marking Scheme APQ Set-2 2023-24] Explanation: Let us consider the assertion:
2 32 Given: HCF = 17
16. If p = , then p is a/an
50 and LCM = 340
(A) whole number (B) integer \ Product of HCF and LCM = 17 × 340 = 5780.
(C) rational number (D) irrational number Here, it is given that the product of two numbers is
5780
[Outside Delhi Set-1 and 3, 2023]
So, it is clear that the product of two numbers is equal
Ans. Option (C) is correct. to the product of HCF and LCM.
32 Hence, Assertion is true.
Explanation: p2 =
50 Now, Let us consider the reason:
16 HCF is always a factor of LCM which is true.
Þ p2 = But reason is not correct explanation of assertion.
25
16 4 LEVEL-2: Case Based Questions (4 marks each)
Þ p= =
25 5 [A] Case Based MCQs
P I. Read the following and answer any four questions
Since p is in form of where Q ≠ 0. from Q.1. to Q.5.
Q
To enhance the reading skills of grade X students, the
Therefore, p is a rational number. school nominates you and two of your friends to set up a
[Marking Scheme, OD, 2023] class library. There are two sections–Section A and Section
17. Let p and q be two natural numbers such that p > q. B of Grade X. There are 32 students in Section A and 36
When p is divided by q, then remainder is r. students in Section B. [CBSE Q.B., 2021]
(i) r CANNOT be (p – q).
(ii) r CAN either be q or (p – q).
(iii) r is DEFINITELY less than q.
Which of the above statements is/are true?
(A) only (ii)
(B) only (iii)
(C) only (i) and (iii)
(D) cannot be determined without knowing the values
of p, q and r [CFPQ]
Ans. Option (B) is correct.
Explanation: q is divisor and r is remainder 1. What is the minimum number of books you will
\ r is less than q. acquire for the class library, so that they can be
distributed equally among students of Section A or
[B] Assertion & Reason Section B?
Directions: In the following questions, A statement of (A) 144 (B) 128 (C) 288 (D) 272
Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Ans. Option (C) is correct.

This Question is for practice and its solution is given at the end of the chapter.
12 Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Topicwise, MATHEMATICS (STANDARD), Class-X

Explanation: We have to find the LCM of 32 and 36. Hence, HCF = 12.
32 = 25 2. What is the minimum number of rooms required
36 = 22 × 32 during the event?
LCM (32, 36) = 25 × 32 = 32 × 9 = 288 (A) 11 (B) 31 (C) 41 (D) 21
Hence, the minimum number of books required to Ans. Option (D) is correct.
distribute equally among students of Section A and Explanation: Minimum no. of rooms required are
Section B are 288. total number of participants divide by number of
2. If the product of two positive integers is equal to the participants in each room.
product of their HCF and LCM is true then, the HCF 252
(32 , 36) is No. of rooms =
12 
(A) 2 (B) 4 (C) 6 (D) 8
Ans. Option (B) is correct.  60  84  108 
Explanation: LCM (32, 36) = 288 (Calculated in Q.1.)  
 Calculatedin Q.1. 
By using formula, 
Product of both given numbers = 21
HCF (32, 36) = 3. The LCM of 60, 84 and 108 is
LCM (32, 36) (A) 3780 (B) 3680 (C) 4780 (D) 4680
32 × 36 Ans. Option (A) is correct.
= = 4. Explanation: Prime factorisation of
288 60 = 22 × 3 × 5
3. 36 can be expressed as a product of its primes as 85 = 22 × 3 × 7
(A) 22 × 32 (B) 21 × 33 (C) 23 × 31 (D) 20 × 30 and 108 = 22 × 33
Ans. Option (A) is correct. \ LCM (60, 84 and 108) = 22 × 33 × 5 × 7
= 4 × 27 × 35 = 3780.
Explanation: Prime factorisation of 36 4. The product of HCF and LCM of 60, 84 and 108 is
= 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 = 22 × 32 (A) 55360 (B) 35360 (C) 45500 (D) 45360
4. 7 × 11 × 13 × 15 + 15 is a Ans. Option (D) is correct.
(A) Prime number (B) Composite number Explanation:
(C) Neither prime nor composite  HCF (60, 84 and 108) = 12
(D) None of the above  [Prove in Q.1]
Ans. Option (B) is correct. and LCM (60, 84 and 108) = 3780  [Prove in Q.3.]
Explanation: We have, \ The product of HCF and LCM of 60, 84 and 108
7 × 11 × 13 × 15 + 15 = 15(7 × 11 × 13 + 1) = 12 × 3780
= 15(1001 + 1) = 45360.
= 15 × 1002 = 3 × 5 × 1002 5. 108 can be expressed as a product of its primes as
Hence, it is a composite number because it has more (A) 23 ×32 (B) 23 ×33 (C) 22 ×32 (D) 22 ×33
than 2 factors. Ans. Option (D) is correct.
5. If p and q are positive integers such that p = ab2 and q Explanation: Prime factorisation of 108
= a2b, where a, b are prime numbers, then the LCM (p, = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3
q) is = 22 × 33
(A) ab (B) a2b2 (C) a3b2 (D) a3b3
Ans. Option (B) is correct. [B] Subjective Case Based Questions
Explanation: Given, p = ab2 = a × b × b I. Read the following text and answer the following
q = a2 b = a × a × b questions:
LCM of (p, q) = a2b2 Mathematics exhibitions are organised at the schools and
II. Read the following and answer any four questions colleges to help the students to understand mathematics
from Q.1. to Q.5. more interestingly. Mathematics exhibitions are very
A seminar is being conducted by an Educational important part of the mathematics curriculum.
Organisation, where the participants will be educators To inculcate interest in mathematics among the students.
of different subjects. The number of participants in A Mathematics Exhibition is being conducted in your
Hindi, English and Mathematics are 60, 84 and 108 School and one of your friends is making a model of a
respectively.  [CBSE QB, 2021] factor tree. He has some difficulty and asks for your help
in completing a quiz for the audience. [OEB]

1. In each room, the same number of participants are to

be seated and all of them being in the same subject,
hence maximum number of participants that can
accommodated in each room is
(A) 14 (B) 12 (C) 16 (D) 18
Ans. Option (B) is correct.
Explanation: No. of participants seated in each room
would be HCF of no. of participants of each subject i.e.,
60 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 5
84 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 7
108 = 2 × 2 × 3 × 3 × 3
Real Numbers 13
1. What will be the value of X?
HCF of two or more numbers = Product of
Sol. X = 2783 × 5 Concept
the smallest power of each common prime
X = 13915 1 Applied
factor, involved in the numbers.
2. What will be the value of Y?
OR Sol. Prime factors of
What will be the value of Z? 80 = 24 × 5
Sol. 2783 = Y × 253 and 90 = 2 × 32 × 5
So, HCF (80, 90) = 2 × 5 = 10. 1
2783 3. Find the sum of exponents of the prime factors of total
Y=
253 distance.
Y = 11 2 Sol. Total distance = (80 + 85 + 90) cm = 255 cm
OR \ The prime factors of 255 = 3 × 5 × 17
253 = 11 × Z Hence, the sum of exponents = 1 + 1 + 1 = 3. 1
253
Z= LEVEL-3:
11
Z = 23 2
Very Short Answer Type Questions  [1 Mark Each]
1. Two representations of real numbers are shown
3. Find LCM (X, Y and Z). below:
Sol. Here, X = 13915
Y = 11
and Z = 23 [From Q. 1. and Q. 2.]
\ LCM (13915, 11 and 23)= 5 × 112 × 23
= 13915. 1
II. Read the following text and answer the following
questions:
A morning walk may help improve your mental clarity
and ability to focus throughout the day. A recent study
found that amongst older adults, those who started their
days with a morning walk improved their cognitive
function, compared to those who remained sedentary.
Walking may also help you think more creatively. In a
morning walk three students step off together, their steps
measure 80 cm, 85 cm and 90 cm respectively. [OEB]

1. What is the minimum distance each should walk so

that he can cover the distance in complete steps? Which one is correct ? [CFPQ]
OR Sol. We know that, all natural numbers are whole numbers
What is the product of HCF and LCM of 80, 85 and 90? and all whole numbers are integers and all integers
Sol.We have to find the LCM of 80, 85 and 90 by using are rational numbers but all rational numbers are not
prime factorisation method. irrational so, Representation 1 is correct. 1
\ 80 = 24 × 5 2. (n2 + 3n – 4) can be expressed as a product of only 2
85 = 5 × 17 prime factors where n is a natural number.
and 90 = 2 × 32 × 5 ½
Find the value(s) of n for which the given expression
\ LCM (80, 85 and 90) = 24 × 32 × 5 × 17 = 12240. 1
Hence, the minimum distance each should walk is an even composite number. Show your work and
so that he can cover the distance 12240 cm or 122 m give valid reasons. [CFPQ]
40 cm. ½ Sol. (n2 + 3n – 4) = n2 + 4n – n – 4 (By factorisation)
OR = n(n + 4) – 1 (n + 4)
LCM (80, 85 and 90) = 12240[From Q. 1.] = (n + 4) (n – 1) ½
and HCF (80, 85 and 90) = 5 To be an even composite number, one of the factors has
and product of HCF and LCM = 12240 × 5 to be 2.
= 61200 2 \ n–1 =2
2. What is the HCF of 80 and 90? So, n = 3 ½
14 Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Topicwise, MATHEMATICS (STANDARD), Class-X

3. The prime factorisation of a prime number is the Total trees

number itself. (ii) Number of columns =
How many factors and prime factors does the square Number of rows
of a prime number have ? [CFPQ] So,
Sol. For the square of a prime number. 84
Number of factors = 3 ½ Number of columns in the smallest field = = 4 ½
21
(i.e., one, number itself and square of a number)
Number of prime factors = 1 ½ 231
Number of columns in larger field = = 11 ½
(i.e., Number itself) 21
3. M and N are positive integers such that M = p2 q3 r
Short Answer Type Questions-I [2 marks each] and N = p3 q2, where p, q, r are prime numbers.
1. A dining hall has a length of 8.25 m, breadth of 6.75 m, Find LCM (M, N) and HCF (M, N). [CFPQ]
and height of 4.50 m. What is the length of the longest
unmarked ruler that can exactly measure the three HCF of two or more numbers = Product of
dimensions of the hall ? Show your steps and give the smallest power of each common prime
valid reasons. [CFPQ] Concept factor, involved in the numbers.
Sol. Length of longest unmarked ruler = HCF of LCM of two or more numbers = Product
length, breadth and height of dining hall ½ Applied
Prime Factorisation of 825 = 3 × 52 × 11 of the greatest power of each prime factor,
Prime Factorisation of 675 = 33 × 52 ½ involved in the numbers.
Prime Factorisation of 450 = 2 × 32 × 52
Highest common factor (HCF) = 3 × 52 = 75 cm Sol. M = p2 q3 r
Hence, longest unmarked ruler length = 75 cm or 0.75 m N = p3 q2
 1 \ LCM (M, N) = p3 q3 r 1
HCF (M, N) = p2 q2  1
Commonly Made Error Short Answer Type Questions-II [3 marks each]
Some students find the length of diagonal or use 1. Find all pairs of positive integers whose sum is 91 and
HCF is 13. Show your work.  [CFPQ]
LCM to solve this question. Sol.Let pair of numbers be 'a' and 'b'
\ HCF (a, b) = 13  (Given)
Answering Tip So, a and b will be of the form.
a = 13x ½
Students must solve more questions to b = 13y
understand when they have to find HCF to (where x and y are co-primes)
solve these problems. Now, a + b = 91  (Given)
So, 13x + 13y = 91 ½
x+y =7
2. Grow More Plantations have two rectangular fields Now all possible values of x and y are:
of the same width but different lengths. They are 1 and 6
required to plant 84 trees in the smaller field and 231 2 and 5
trees in the larger field. In both the fields, the trees 3 and 4 1
will be planted in the same number of rows but in So, all values of a and b are
different number of columns. 13 and 78
(i) What is the most number of rows that can be planted 26 and 65
in this arrangement? Show your work. 39 and 52 1
(ii) If the trees are planted in the number of rows obtained
in part (i) how many columns will each field have ? Commonly Made Error
 [CFPQ]
Sol. (i) As to know the maximum number of rows to be Some students write only one pair of positive
planted, integers leading to incomplete solution and
We have to find HCF of 84 and 231 deduction of marks.
According to prime factorisation of,
84 = 22 × 3 × 7 Answering Tip
231 = 3 × 7 × 11 1
So, HCF (84, 231) = 3 × 7 = 21 Students must write all the possible pair of
Hence, maximum number of rows = 21 solutions to get complete marks.

SOLUTIONS FOR PRACTICE QUESTIONS (TOPIC-1)

VSATQs SATQs-I
Sol. 5.
Sol. 5: Since, HCF × LCM = Product of two numbers
Topper Answer, 2019 Then, 9 × 360= 45 × 2nd number 1
( 9 × 360 )
2nd number=
45
Thus, 2nd number= 72 1
1
[Marking Scheme SQP, 2019]
Real Numbers 15

HCF × LCM = 4 × 9696 = 38784 1

Sol. 10: HCF of k 
 Also, 404 × 96 = 38784
k. 2 
 Hence, HCF × LCM = Product of 404 and 96.
k. 3  is k.
= Hence Verified. 1

k. 2 2  [Marking Scheme, 2018]
k. 5 
 2 LATQs
[Marking Scheme SQP,, 2015]
Sol. 2: Fundamental theorem of arithmetic: Every
SATQs-II composite number can be expressed as the product
of powers of primes and this factorisation is unique.
Sol. 2: Since, 404 = 2 × 2 × 101 = 22 × 101
Since, 2520 = 23 × 32 × 5 × 7 1½
and 96 = 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 2 × 3 4
and 10530 = 2 × 3 × 5 × 13 1
= 25 × 3
∴ HCF of 404 and 96= 22 = 4 1 \ LCM = 23 × 34 × 5 × 7 × 13
LCM of 404 and 96= 101 × 25 × 3 = 9696 = 294840 2½
[Marking Scheme, 2016]

SOLUTIONS FOR PRACTICE QUESTIONS (TOPIC-2)

VSATQs Assume that 7 5 is a rational number.
Sol 2: Since, 2 = 1.414 ....... p
Then, 7 5 =
and 3 = 1.732 ....... q
Now, we can write ‘n’ rational numbers between them where p and q are co-prime numbers (q ¹ 0)
e.g., just greater than 1.414 and less than 1.732 and it p
should be terminating or non terminating recurring. ⇒ 5 = 1
e.g., 1.415659, 1.416893, 1.715644, ....... . 7q

Therefore, one rational number between 2 and 3 p
Since 5 is an irrational number and is a rational
is 1.416893. 1 7q
SATQs-I number.
Which contradicts our assumption.
Sol 3.We prove this by using the method of contradiction.
Therefore, 7 5 is irrational. 1

SATQs-II
Sol. 2.
Topper Answer, 2019
16 Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Topicwise, MATHEMATICS (STANDARD), Class-X

LEVEL-1: Objective Type Questions

[A] Multiple Choice Questions
Ans. 14. Option (A) is correct.
The product of a non-zero rational and an irrational number is always irrational.

REFLECTION
Fundamental theorem of arithmetic has very deep and significant application in the field of
mathematics.
(a) Will you be able to write any one of its application?
(b) How can you prove that 2, 3 & 5 are irrational numbers?

How would you rate your chapter preparation?

NOT PRE- SOMEWHAT MODERATE WELL FULLY PRE-

PARED PREPARED PARED
Self Assessment Paper 17

SELF ASSESSMENT PAPER - 1

Maximum Time: 1 hour MM: 30

I. Choose the correct alternative from the given options.

 [1 × 6 = 6]
1. If a × b = 1600 and LCM of a and b is 320, then the HCF
of a and b is:
(A) 10 (B) 5 (C) 20 (D) 16
2. The difference of the irrational numbers ( 3 + 2 3 ) and

( 3 − 2 3 ) is:

(A) 4 3 (B) 6 + 2 3 (C) 7 + 4 3 (D) 6

Read carefully the above paragraph and answer any
5 2
3. The LCM of 2 × 3 × 5 and 2 × 7 × 5 is: four questions:
(A) 140 (B) 3260 (C) 1360 (D) 3360 (i) The prime factors of 420 are:
4. The quotient of ( 5 + 3 2 ) and ( 5 − 3 2 ) is: (A) 22 × 32 × 5 × 7 (B) 2 × 3 × 5 × 7
2
(C) 2 × 3 × 5 × 7 (D) 22 × 3 × 5 × 7
43 + 30 2 43 − 30 2 (ii) Using Prime Factorisation, the HCF of 420 and 130 is:
(A) (B)
7 7
(A) 10 (B) 30 (C) 20 (D) 15
(C) 43 + 30 2 (D) – ( 43 + 30 2 ) (iii) The LCM of 420 and 130 is:

(A) 4560 (B) 5460 (C) 6540 (D) 5640
5. Let p be a prime number and k be a positive integer.
(iv) The sum of exponents of prime factors in the Prime
If p divides k2, then which of these is DEFINITELY
Factorisation of 420 is:
divisible by p?
(A) 2 (B) 3 (C) 5 (D) 4
k (v) The sum of exponents of prime factors in the Prime
k 7k k3
2 Factorisation of 130 is:
(A) only k (B) only k and 7k (A) 1 (B) 3 (C) 2 (D) 4
(C) only k, 7k and k3 (D) all of these III. Very Short Answer Type Questions [1 × 3 = 3]
6. In this question a statement of Assertion (A) is 8. a and b are two positive integers such that the least
followed by a statement of Reason (R) mark the prime factor of a is 3 and the least prime factor of b is 5.
correct choice as: Then calculate the least prime factor of (a + b).
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct 9. If HCF of two numbers is 18 and their product is 12960,
explanation of A then find the LCM.
(B) Both A and R are true but R is not the correct 10. If p is a prime number, then find LCM of p, p2 and p3.
explanation of A IV. Short Answer Type Questions-I [2 × 3 = 6]
(C) A is true but R is false 2 125 + 20
11. Write whether on simplification gives
(D) A is false but R is true 3 5
Assertion (A): If x = 25 × 7, y = 22 × 32 × 5 and z = 3n an irrational or a rational number.
× 52 and LCM (x, y, z) = 25 × 34 × 52 × 7, then n = 4. 12. On a morning walk three persons step off together
Reason (R): The value of z is 2025. and their steps measure 40 cm, 42 cm and 45 cm,
II. Case-Based Question [1 × 4 = 4] respectively.
7. A sweet seller has 420 bundi laddoo and 130 badam What is the minimum distance each should walk so
barfis. He wants to stack them is such a way that each that each can cover the same distance in complete
stack has the same number, and they take up the least steps?
area of the tray. 13. Prove that 6 + 2 is an irrational number.
18 Oswaal CBSE Question Bank Chapterwise & Topicwise, MATHEMATICS (STANDARD), Class-X

V. Short Answer Type Questions-II [3 × 2 = 6] VI. Long Answer Type Question [1 × 5 = 5]

p is an 16. Show that there is no positive integer n, for which
14. If p is a prime number, then prove that
irrational. n  1  n  1 is rational.
15. Three bells toll at intervals of 9, 12 and 15 minutes,
respectively. If they start tolling together, after what
time will they next toll together ?
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