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XII PHYSICS HALF YEARLY 2024 – KEY

PART – I
1. c) + 20 V c) + 20 V

2. a) 4 x 104 V a) 4 x 104 V

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3. d) 4 d) 4

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4. b) 7 μ T b) 7 μ T

5. c) q / 2 m c) q / 2 m

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6. d) zero d) zero

7. c) 400 V
sa c) 400 V

8. d) in vacuum, it travels with different speeds which depend on their frequency

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8. d) ntw;wplj;jpy; mjd; mjph;ntz;izg; nghWj;J ntt;NtW Ntfq;fspy; guTfpwJ

9. a) 300 a) 300
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10. d) polarisation d) js tpisT

11. c) decrease by 4 times c) 4 klq;F FiwAk;

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12. c) short range force c) FWfpa njhiyT nray;gLk; tpir

13. c) 1 : 4 : 9 c) 1 : 4 : 9
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14. d) All the above d) Nkw;$wpa midj;Jk;

15. c) Virtual reality c) nka; epfh; cz;ik

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PART – II
16. Applications of capacitors kpd;Njf;fpfspd; gad;ghLfs;
Any two applications - VNjDk; ,U gad;ghLfs; 2x1=2

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17. Peltier effect - correct statement 2 marks
When an electric current is passed through a circuit of a thermocouple, heat is evolved at
one junction and absorbed at the other junction.

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ngy;bah; tpisT - rhpahd $w;W 2 kjpg;ngz;
ntg;g kpd;dpul;ilAld; $ba kpd; Rw;wpy; kpd;Ndhl;lj;ijr; nrYj;Jk; NghJ xU re;jpapy;
ntg;gk; ntspg;gLjYk; kw;nwhU re;jpapy; ntg;gk; cl;fth;jYk; eilngWk;.

18. Bstraight wire = μ0 I / 2 π r = 4 π x 10-7 x 1 / 2 π x 1 = 2 x 10-7 T - 1M

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But the Earth’s magnetic field is BEarth – 10-5 T -½M
So, Bstraight wire is one hundred times smaller than BEarth. –½M
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BNeh;f;fk;gp = μ0 I / 2 π r = 4 π x 10-7 x 1 / 2 π x 1 = 2 x 10-7 T
Gtp fhe;jg;Gyk; BGtp – 10-5 T

vdNt BNeh;f;fk;gp > BGtp ia tpl EhW klq;F FiwthdjhFk;.

19.Ways of producing induced emf: 2 Marks
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i. By changing the magnetic field B
ii. By changing the area A of the coil and
iii. By changing the relative orientation θ of the coil with magnetic field
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Jhz;lg;gl;l kpd;dpaf;F tpiria cUthf;Fk; top Kiwfs;

i. fhe;jg; Gyj;ij B khw;Wtjd; %yk;

ii. fk;gpr; RUspd; gug;ig A khw;Wtjd; %yk; kw;Wk;

iii. fhe;jg; Gyj;ijr; rhh;e;j fk;gpr; RUspd; jpiraikg;ig θ khw;Wtjd; %yk;

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20. Fraunhofer lines:

When the spectrum obtained from the Sun is examined, it consists of large number of dark
lines. ( line absorption spectrum ). These dark lines in the solar spectrum are known as
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Fraunhofer lines. - 2 Marks

Dark lines in the solar spectrum - 1 mark
/gpudh/gh; thpfs;:
#hpadpypUe;J ngwg;gl;l epwkhiyia Ma;T nra;Ak; NghJ> me;epwkhiyapy; gy fUq;NfhLfs;
fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ( thp cl;fth; wpwkhiy ). #hpa epwkhiyapy; fhzg;gLk; ,f; fUq;NfhLfSf;F
/gpudh/gh; thpfs; vd;W ngah;. - 2 kjpg;ngz;
2

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#hpa epwkhiyapy; cs;s fUq;NfhLfs; - 1 kjpg;ngz;

21. Critical angle:

The angle of incidence in the denser medium for which the angle of refraction is 900 or
the refracted ray graces the boundary between the two media - 2 Marks

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khWepiyf; Nfhzk;:
mlh;kpF Clfj;jpy; ve;jg; gLNfhz kjpg;gpw;F> tpyF fjph; Clfq;fisg; gphpf;Fk; vy;iyiaj;
jOtpr; nry;fpwNjh> me;jg; gLNfhzNk khWepiyf; NfhzkhFk;.

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mlh;kpF Clfj;jpy; ve;jg; gLNfhz kjpg;gpw;F tpyFNfhzkhdJ 900 milfpwNjh me;jg;
gLNfhz kjpg;G - 2 kjpg;ngz;

22. z = a2 / 2 λ - 1 mark
z = ( 5 x 10-4 )2 / 2 x 500 x 10-9 - ½ mark

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z = 0.25 m = 25 cm - ½ mark
23. Photo cell and its types:
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A device which converts light energy into electrical energy.
Photo emissive cell, photo voltaic cell and photo conductive cell - 1 mark
- 1 mark

xsp kpd;fyk; kw;Wk; mjd; tiffs;:

xsp Mw;wiy kpd; Mw;wyhf khw;Wk; rhjdk; - 1 kjpg;ngz;
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xsp ckpo;T kpd;fyk;> xsp Nthy;lh kpd;fyk; kw;Wk; xsp flj;Jk; kpd;fyk; - 1 kjpg;ngz;
24. R = R0 A1/3 - 1 mark
R = 1.2 x 10-15 x ( 197 )1/3 - ½ mark
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R = 6.97 x 10-15 m or 6.97 F - ½ mark

PART – III
25. Electric potential at a point due to point charge:

Diagram glk; - ½ kjpg;ngz;

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𝑟 𝑞
V = - ∫∞ 𝐸⃗ .d𝑟 𝐸⃗ = 4𝜋𝜀 𝑟̂ - ½ kjpg;ngz
0 𝑟2

𝑟 𝑞
Upto V = - 1/ 4 π𝜀0 ∫∞ 2 𝑟.
̂d𝑟 tiu - ½ kjpg;ngz;
𝑟

Upto V = q / 4 π𝜀0 r tiu - 1 ½ kjpg;ngz;

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glk; kw;Wk; V = q / 4 π𝜀0 r kl;Lk; vOjpapUg;gpd; - 1 kjpg;ngz;

1 1 1 1 1 5
26. 𝑅 = 𝑅 + 𝑅2
= 4
+ 6
= 12
Ω or RP = 12/ 5 Ω or 2.4 Ω - 1 Mark
𝑃 1

I1 = V / R1 = 24 V / 4Ω = 6 A - 1 Mark
I2 = V / R2 = 24 V / 6Ω = 4 A - 1 Mark ( I = I1 + I2 = 6 A + 4 A = 10 A )
3

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27. Galvanometer into ammeter fhy;tdhkPl;lh; mk;kl

P ;luhf

Conversion khw;Wk; Kiw - ½ kjpg;ngz;

Diagram & Explanation glk; kw;Wk; tpsf;fk; - 1 kjpg;ngz;

S = Ig Rg / ( I – Ig ) - ½ kjpg;ngz;
Ig = S I / S + Rg - ½ kjpg;ngz;

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Effective resistance Reff = Rg S / Rg + S = Ra Very small

njhFgad; kpd;jil Repfu = Rg S / Rg + S = Ra gaDW kpd;jil kpff; FiwT - ½ kjpg;ngz;

28. EMF by changing the area:

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Diagram and explanation glk; kw;Wk; tpsf;fk; - 1 kjpg;ngz;

Upto dϕB / dt = B l v - 1 kjpg;ngz;

Magnitude of the induced emf Jhz;lg;gl;l kpd;dpaf;F tpirapd; vz; kjpg;G

ε = dϕB / dt ε=Blv - 1 kjpg;ngz;

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29. Hertz experiment:

Diagram glk; - ½ kjpg;ngz;

Value
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Description

3 x 108 m s-1
tpsf;fk; - 2 kjpg;ngz;

kjpg;G 3 x 108 m s-1 ½ kjpg;ngz;

30. A max = √𝑎12 + 𝑎22 = √(5 + 3)2 = √(8)2 = 8 units ( myFfs; ) - ½ kjpg;ngz;
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A min = √𝑎12 − 𝑎22 = √(5 − 3)2 = √(2)2 = 2 units ( myFfs; ) - ½ kjpg;ngz;

I α A2 I max / I min = ( A max )2 / ( A min )2 - 1 kjpg;ngz;

I max / I min = ( 8 )2 / ( 2 )2 = 64 / 4 = 16 - ½ kjpg;ngz;
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I max : I min = 16 : 1 - ½ kjpg;ngz;

31. de Broglie wavelength of electron:

2𝑒𝑉
½ m v2 = e V v=√ 𝑚
- 1 kjpg;ngz; -

de Broglie wavelength b g;uha; miyePsk; λ = h / mv = h / √2 𝑚 𝑒 𝑉 - ½ kjpg;ngz;

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Upto λ = 12.27 Å / √V tiu - 1 kjpg;ngz;

As K = e V , λ = h / √2 𝑚 𝐾 - ½ kjpg;ngz;
32. Alpha decay process My;gh rpijT
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In alpha decay, atomic number decreases by two and mass number decreases by four
My;gh rpijtpy; mZ vz; ,uz;Lk; epiw vz; ehd;Fk; FiwAk; - 1 kjpg;ngz;
𝐴 𝐴−4
𝑍𝑋 → 𝑍−2 𝑌 + 42𝐻𝑒 - 1 kjpg;ngz;
238 234
92𝑈 → 90𝑇ℎ + 42𝐻𝑒 - 1 kjpg;ngz;

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33. Voltage across AB, AB apd; FWf;Nf kpd;dOj;jk; VZ = 9 V - ½ kjpg;ngz;

Voltage drop across RS RS d; FWf;Nf kpd;dOj;j ,wf;fk; = 15 – 9 = 6 V - ½ kjpg;ngz;

Current through RS, RS d; topNa ghAk; kpd;Ndhl;lk; I = 6 / 1 x 103 = 6 m A – ½ kjpg;ngz;

Voltage across RL gS kpd;jilf;Ff; FWf;Nf kpd;dOj;jk; = 9 V - ½ kjpg;ngz;

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Current through RL ,
gS kpd;jil topNa ghAk; kpd;Ndhl;lk; IL = VAB / RL = 9 / 2 x 103 = 4.5 m A - ½ kjpg;ngz;
Current through the Zener diode,

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nrdhh; ilNahL topNa ghAk; kpd;Ndhl;lk;

IZ = I – IL = 6 mA – 4.5 mA = 1.5 m A - ½ kjpg;ngz;

PART – IV
34. a) Gauss law – Infinite line charged wire

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fh]; tpjp - Kbtpyh ePsk; nfhz;l kpd;Dhl;lk; ngw;w fk;gp
Gauss law fh]; tpjp - 1 kjpg;ngz;
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Diagram and explanation

Derivation upto 𝐸 =
𝜆
2𝜋 𝜀0 𝑟
glk; kw;Wk; tpsf;fk; - 1 kjpg;ngz;

or 𝐸⃗ =
𝜆
2𝜋 𝜀0 𝑟
𝑟̂ tiu jUtpj;jy; - 3 kjpg;ngz;

my;yJ
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b) Biot – Savart law: Infinitely long straight current carrying conductor
gal;-rhth;l; tpjp: Kbtpyh ePsk; nfhz;l ePz;l Neuhd kpd;Ndhl;lk; ghAk; flj;jp
Diagram and explanation glk; kw;Wk; tpsf;fk; - 1 kjpg;ngz;

⃗ = 𝜇0 𝐼 cos 𝜙 𝑑𝜙
Upto 𝑑𝐵 tiu - 1 ½ kjpg;ngz;
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4𝜋𝑎

⃗ = 𝜇0 𝐼 ( sin 𝜙1 + sin 𝜙2 ) 𝑛̂
Upto 𝑑𝐵 tiu - 1 kjpg;ngz;
4𝜋𝑎

For infinitely long conductor, 𝜙1 = 𝜙2 = 900

Kbtpyh ePsk; nfhz;l flj;jpf;F 𝜙1 = 𝜙2 = 900 - ½ kjpg;ngz;

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⃗ = 𝜇0 𝐼 𝑛̂
𝐵 - 1 kjpg;ngz;
2𝜋𝑎

35. a) Comparison of emf kpd;dpaf;F tpirfis xg;gpLjy;

Diagram glk; - 1 kjpg;ngz;

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Explanation tpsf;fk; - 1 kjpg;ngz;

ε 1 = I r l1 1 kjpg;ngz; ε 2 = I r l2 - 1 kjpg;ngz;
𝜀1 𝑙1
= - 1 kjpg;ngz;
𝜀2 𝑙2
my;yJ

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AC with capacitor AC cs;s kpd;Njf;fp Rw;W

Diagram and explanation glk; kw;Wk; tpsf;fk; - 1 kjpg;ngz;

Upto I = Im sin ( ωt + π/2 ) - 2 kjpg;ngz;

Im = Vm / 1 / Cω is the peak value of alternating current

Im = Vm / 1 / Cω vd;gJ khWjpir kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpd; ngUk kjpg;G - ½ kjpg;ngz;

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Current leads the applied voltage by π /2
kpd;Ndhl;lkhdJ nrYj;jg;gLk; kpd;dOj;jj;ij tpl 𝜋 / 2 fl;lk; Ke;jp cs;sJ - ½ kjpg;ngz;

Phasor diagram and wave diagram fl;l kw;Wk; miy tiuglk; - 1 kjpg;ngz;

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36. a) Absorption spectra: cl;fth; epwkhiy:
Absorption spectrum cl;fth; epwkhiy - 1 kjpg;ngz;
3 Types 3 tiffs; - 1 kjpg;ngz;

Explanation of 3 types 3 tiffspd; tpsf;fk; - 3 kjpg;ngz;

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my;yJ
b) Fizeau method gp]pA Kiw
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Diagram

Explanation
glk; - 1 kjpg;ngz;

tpsf;fk; - 1 kjpg;ngz;
Working and derivation Ntiy nra;Ak; tpjk; kw;Wk; jUtpj;jy;
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Upto v = 2 d N ω / π tiu - 2 ½ kjpg;ngz;

v = 2.99792 x 108 m s-1 - ½ kjpg;ngz;

37. a) Interference in thin films nky;ypa VLfspy; FWf;fPl;L tpisT
Diagram and explanation glk; kw;Wk; tpsf;fk; - 1 kjpg;ngz;
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Transmitted light
Upto Condition for constructive interference 2μd=nλ
Condition for destructive interference 2 μ d = ( 2 n – 1 ) λ / 2
CLUtpr; nrd;w miyfs;
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Mf;ff; FWf;fPl;L tpisT 2 μ d = n λ epge;jid tiu

mopTf; FWf;fPl;L tpisT 2μd=(2n–1)λ/2 epge;jid tiu - 2 kjpg;ngz;

Reflected light
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Upto Condition for constructive interference 2 μ d =( 2 n – 1 ) λ / 2

Condition for destructive interference 2 μ d = n λ
CLUtpr; nrd;w miyfs;

Mf;ff; FWf;fPl;L tpisT 2μd=(2n–1)λ/2 epge;jid tiu

mopTf; FWf;fPl;L tpisT 2μd=nλ epge;jid tiu - 2 kjpg;ngz;

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my;yJ

b) Hydrogen spectral series i`l;u[d; epwkhiy thpfs;

Explanation for five series 5x1=5
Ie;J thpirfSf;fhd tpsf;fk; 5 x 1 = 5
( Mere mentioning the names of series )

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( epwkhiy thpirfspd; ngah;fs; kl;Lk; ) - 1 kjpg;ngz;

38. a) Characteristic X-ray spectra and uses of X-rays

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rpwg;G vf;]; fjph; epwkhiy kw;Wk; vf;]; fjph;fspd; gad;fs;

Diagram glk; - 1 kjpg;ngz;

Explanation tpsf;fk; - 2 kjpg;ngz;

Uses of X -rays vf;]; fjph;fspd; gad;fs; - 2 kjpg;ngz;

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my;yJ
b) Half wave rectifier miu miy jpUj;jp
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Diagram

Construction
glk;

mikg;G
- 1 kjpg;ngz;

- ½ kjpg;ngz;

Working nray;gLk; tpjk; - 2 kjpg;ngz;

Wave forms miytbtq;fs; - 1 kjpg;ngz;
da
Efficiency 40.6% gaDWjpwd; - ½ kjpg;ngz;

By,
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V. SUNDARARAJAN M.Sc., M.Ed., M.Phil.,

PG ASSISTANT IN PHYSICS
THE HSS FOR BOYS,
SRIRANGAM.
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