Application of AI

Table of Contents

What is Artificial Intelligence?

Types of Artificial Intelligence
Artificial Intelligence Based on Capabilities
Artificial Intelligence Based on Functionalities
Conclusion

The use and scope of Artificial Intelligence don’t need a formal introduction.
Artificial Intelligence is no more just a buzzword; it has become a reality that is
part of our everyday lives. With companies building intelligent machines for
diverse applications using AI, it is revolutionizing business sectors like never
before. You will learn about the various stages and categories of artificial
intelligence in this article on Types Of Artificial Intelligence.

What is Artificial Intelligence?

Artificial Intelligence is the process of building intelligent machines from vast

volumes of data. Systems learn from past learning and experiences and perform
human-like tasks. It enhances the speed, precision, and effectiveness of human
efforts. AI uses complex algorithms and methods to build machines that can make
decisions on their own. Machine Learning and Deep learning forms the core of
Artificial Intelligence.
AI is now being used in almost every sector of business:

 Transportation

 Healthcare

 Banking

 Retail

 Entertainment

 E-Commerce

Now that you know what AI really is, let’s look at what are the different types of
artificial intelligence?

Types of Artificial Intelligence

Artificial Intelligence can be divided based on capabilities and functionalities.

There are three types of Artificial Intelligence-based on capabilities -

 Narrow AI

 General AI

 Super AI

Under functionalities, we have four types of Artificial Intelligence -

 Reactive Machines

 Limited Theory

 Theory of Mind

 Self-awareness

First, we will look at the different types of Artificial Intelligence-based on

Capabilities.

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Artificial Intelligence Based on Capabilities

What is Narrow AI?

Narrow AI, also called as Weak AI, focuses on one narrow task and cannot
perform beyond its limitations. It targets a single subset of cognitive abilities and
advances in that spectrum. Narrow AI applications are becoming increasingly
common in our day-to-day lives as machine learning and deep learning methods
continue to develop.

 Apple Siri is an example of a Narrow AI that operates with a limited pre-

defined range of functions. Siri often has problems with tasks outside its
breadth of abilities.

 IBM Watson supercomputer is another example of a Narrow AI. It

applies cognitive computing, machine learning, and natural language
 processing to process information and answers your queries. IBM
Watson once out-performed human contestant Ken Jennings to become
the champion on the popular game show, Jeopardy!.

 Other examples of Narrow AI include google translate, image recognition

software, recommendation systems, spam filtering, and Google’s page-
ranking algorithm.

What is General AI?

General AI, also known as strong AI, can understand and learn any intellectual
task that a human being can. It allows a machine to apply knowledge and skills in
different contexts. AI researchers have not been able to achieve strong AI so far.
They would need to find a method to make machines conscious, programming a
full cognitive ability set. General AI has received a $1 billion investment from
Microsoft through OpenAI.

 Fujitsu has built the K computer, which is one of the fastest

supercomputers in the world. It is one of the significant attempts at
achieving strong AI. It took nearly 40 minutes to simulate a single second
of neural activity. Hence, it is difficult to determine whether strong AI
will be achieved shortly.
  Tianhe-2 is a supercomputer that was developed by the China's National
University of Defense Technology. It holds the record for cps
(calculations per second) at 33.86 petaflops (quadrillions of cps).
Although that sounds exciting, the human brain is estimated to be
capable of one exaflop, i.e., a billion cps.

What is a Super AI?

Super AI surpasses human intelligence and can perform any task better than a
human. The concept of artificial superintelligence sees AI evolved to be so akin to
human sentiments and experiences that it doesn't merely understand them; it
also evokes emotions, needs, beliefs, and desires of its own. Its existence is still
hypothetical. Some of the critical characteristics of super AI include thinking,
solving puzzles, making judgments, and decisions on its own.

Now, we will look at the different types of Artificial Intelligence-based on

Functionalities.

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Artificial Intelligence Based on Functionalities

To describe the various types of Artificial Intelligence systems, it is necessary to

categorize them based on their functions.

What is a Reactive Machine?

A reactive machine is the primary form of artificial intelligence that does not store
memories or use past experiences to determine future actions. It works only with
present data. They perceive the world and react to it. Reactive machines are
provided with specific tasks, and they don't have capabilities beyond those tasks.
IBM’s Deep Blue that defeated chess grandmaster Garry Kasparov is a reactive
machine that sees the chessboard pieces and reacts to them. Deep Blue cannot
refer to any of its prior experiences or improve with practice. It can identify the
pieces on a chessboard and know how each moves. Deep Blue can make
predictions about what moves might be next for it and its opponent. It ignores
everything before the present moment and looks at the chessboard pieces as it
stands right now and chooses from possible next moves.

Source: Britannica

What is Limited Memory?

Limited Memory AI trains from past data to make decisions. The memory of such
systems is short-lived. They can use this past data for a specific period of time, but
they cannot add it to a library of their experiences. This kind of technology is used
in self-driving vehicles.
  Limited Memory AI observes how other vehicles are moving around
them, at present, and as time passes.

 This ongoing, collected data gets added to the AI machine's static data,
such as lane markers and traffic lights.

 They are included when the vehicle decides when to change lanes, avoid
cutting off another driver, or hit a nearby vehicle.

Mitsubishi Electric has been figuring out how to improve such technology for
applications like self-driving cars.

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What is the Theory of Mind?

Theory of mind AI represents an advanced class of technology and exists only as a

concept. Such a kind of AI requires a thorough understanding that the people and
things within an environment can alter feelings and behaviors. It should
understand people's emotions, sentiments, and thoughts. Even though many
improvements are there in this field, this kind of AI is not fully complete yet.

 One real-world example of the theory of mind AI is Kismet. Kismet is a

robot head made in the late 90s by a Massachusetts Institute of
Technology researcher. Kismet can mimic human emotions and
recognize them. Both abilities are key advancements in theory of mind
AI, but Kismet can’t follow gazes or convey attention to humans.
  Sophia from Hanson Robotics is another example where the theory of
mind AI was implemented. Cameras present in Sophia's eyes, combined
with computer algorithms, allow her to see. She can sustain eye contact,
recognize individuals, and follow faces.

What is Self Awareness?

Self-awareness AI only exists hypothetically. Such systems understand their

internal traits, states, and conditions and perceive human emotions. These
machines will be smarter than the human mind. This type of AI will not only be
able to understand and evoke emotions in those it interacts with, but also have
emotions, needs, and beliefs of its own.

Branches of Artificial Intelligence

AI research has successfully developed effective techniques for solving a wide

range of problems, from game playing to medical diagnosis.

There are many branches of AI, each with its focus and set of techniques. Some of
the essential branches of AI include:

 Machine learning: It deals with developing algorithms that can learn

from data. ML algorithms are used in various applications, including
image recognition, spam filtering, and natural language processing.

 Deep learning: It is a branch of machine learning that harnesses artificial

neural networks to acquire knowledge from data. Deep learning
algorithms effectively solve various problems, including NLP, image
recognition and speech recognition.

 Natural language processing: It deals with the interaction between

computers and human language. NLP techniques are used to understand
and process human language and in various applications, including
machine translation, speech recognition, and text analysis.

 Robotics: It is a field of engineering that deals with robot design,

construction, and operation. Robots can perform tasks automatically in
 various industries, including manufacturing, healthcare, and
transportation.

 Expert systems: They are computer programs designed to mimic human

experts' reasoning and decision-making abilities. Expert systems are used
in various applications, including medical diagnosis, financial planning,
and customer service.

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Conclusion

We might be far from creating machines that can solve all the issues and are self-
aware. But, we should focus our efforts toward understanding how a machine can
train and learn on its own and possess the ability to base decisions on past
experiences.

I hope this article helped you to understand the different types of artificial
intelligence. If you are looking to start your career in Artificial Intelligent and
Machine Learning, then check out Simplilearn's Caltech Post Graduate Program in
AI and Machine Learning.

Do you have any questions regarding this article? If you have, please put in the
comments section of this article on types of artificial intelligence. Our team will
help you solve your queries at the earliest!
FAQs

1. What is an AI model?

An AI model is a mathematical model used to make predictions or decisions.

Some of the common types of AI models:

 Linear regression

 Logistic regression

 Decision trees

 Neural networks

2. What are the 2 categories of AI?

There are two main categories of AI:

1. Weak AI: Weak AI is a type of AI that can only perform specific tasks. For
example, a weak AI might be able to play chess or translate languages.

2. Strong AI: Strong AI is a type of AI that can perform any task that a
human can. It has the power to revolutionize many aspects of our lives.

3. Who is the father of AI?

The father of AI is John McCarthy. He is a computer scientist who coined the term
"artificial intelligence" in 1955. McCarthy is also credited with developing the first
AI programming language, Lisp.