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8_Two Dimensional Array

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33 views

8_Two Dimensional Array

Uploaded by

ayusssssh100
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Two Dimensional Array

What is a Two Dimensional Array?


• A two dimensional array is
the arrangement of
homogenous elements in
rows and columns.
• It has two indices, one for
row and other for column.
• First index represents the
number of rows, second
index represents the
number of columns.
Declaring 2-D Array
• Data type array_name [row size][col size];

Integer constant /
literal
• Example:
int a[3][4];
Row 0 Row 0 Row 0 Row 0
Col 0 Col 1 Col 2 Col 3
Row 1 Row 1 Row 1 Row 1
Col 0 Col 1 Col 2 Col 3
Row 2 Row 2 Row 2 Row 3
Col 0 Col 1 Col 2 Col 3
Initialization of 2-D Array
• int a[2][3] = {21,42,1,94,12,46};

21 42 1
94 12 46

• Int a[][3]= {21,42,1,94,12,46};


• Representation is same as above.
• Skipping of row index is allowed but not col index
Memory Representation
One Dimensional Array Two Dimensional Array

int a[4]; int a[3] [2];

102 A[0] 102 Row 0, col 0


104 A[1] 104 Row 0, col 1
106 A[2] 106 Row 1, col 0
108 A[3] 108 Row 1, col 1
110 Row 2, col 0
112 Row 2, col 1
Memory Address
(assume)
Memory Address
ROW-MAJOR ORDER (assume)
INT A[4][3]

R0 R0 R0 1002 R0 C0
C0 C1 C2 1004 R0 C1
R1 R1 R1 1006 R0 C2
C0 C1 C2
1008 R1 C0
R2 R2 R2
CO C1 C2 1010 R1 C1
R3 R3 R3 1012 R1 C2
C0 C1 C2 1014 R2 C0
1016 R2 C1
1018 R2 C2
1020 R3 C0
1022 R3 C1
1024 R3 C2
Accessing 2-D Array
• A two dimensional array element can be accessed using two indices.

• In two dimensional array, every element has two index numbers.

• One for row and other for column. Both the indices start from 0.

• For accessing any item of the array we just specify the array name along
with the row index and column index inside square brackets.

Format:
• Array name [row index][column index]=value/expression
A[4][3]=26; // in the array A, 4th Row and 3rd Column will be assigned with a
value 26
Accessing 2-D Array contd..
int a[2][3]={12,8,7,5,23,14};

12 8 7
printf(“%d”, a[1][2]); 5 23 14
Compile Time Initialization

int a[3][4];
76 878 32 6
scanf(“%d”, &a[0][0]);
12 9 456 56
scanf(“%d”, &a[0][1]); 6 97 79 789
scanf(“%d”, &a[0][2]);
scanf(“%d”, &a[0][3]);
scanf(“%d”, &a[1][0]); For(i=0;i<3;i++)
scanf(“%d”, &a[1][1]); {
scanf(“%d”, &a[1][2]); for(j=0;j<4;j++)
scanf(“%d”, &a[1][3]); {
scanf(“%d”, &a[2][0]); scan(“%d\t”, a[i][j]);
scanf(“%d”, &a[2][1]); }
scanf(“%d”, &a[2][2]); }
scanf(“%d”, &a[2][3]);
Display of Array Elements

Int a[3][4]; 76 878 32 6


printf(“%d”, a[0][0]); 12 9 456 56
printf(“%d”, a[0][1]); 6 97 79 789

printf(“%d”, a[0][2]);
printf(“%d”, a[0][3]);
printf(“%d”, a[1][0]); For(i=0;i<3;i++)
printf(“%d”, a[1][1]); {
printf(“%d”, a[1][2]); for(j=0;j<4;j++)
printf(“%d”, a[1][3]); {
printf(“%d”, a[2][0]); printf(“%d\t”, a[i][j]);
printf(“%d”, a[2][1]); }
printf(“%d”, a[2][2]); printf(“\n”);
printf(“%d”, a[2][3]); } 76 878 32 6
12 9 456 56
13 6 97 79 789
Inputting / displaying values into a two
Dimensional Array
• To input values into a two dimensional array we use a
double loop.
• Example : To input elements into the array List the form
would be:
for(int i=0; i<4; i++) //outer loop for row index
for(int j=0;j<3; j++) //inner loop for column index
scanf(“%d”, &a[i][j]);
The input order will be row wise.

Similar approach for displaying values at run time.


Operations on 2-D Array
• Traversal
• Sum of row elements/column elements
• Sum of diagonal elements
• Addition/ subtraction / Multiplication of Matrix
• Transpose of a Matrix
Sum of Row 5 2 8

6 4 3
int a[2][3], i, j, sum=0;
for(i=0;i<2;i++) I i<2 J J<3 effect
{ 0 T 0 T Sum=0+5=5
for(j=0;j<3;j++) 1 T Sum=5+2=7

{ 2 T Sum=7+8=15
3 F Out of inner loop
sum=sum + a[i][j]; Print 15
} 1 T 0 T Sum=0+6=6
printf(“Addition of Row 1 T Sum=6+4=10
%d is %d”, i, sum);
2 T Sum=10+3=13
sum=0; 3 F Out of inner loop
} Print 13
2 F exit
Sum of Diagonal Elements
A[0][0]
A[1][1]
A[2][2]
A[3][3]

//To add diagonal elements


Assignment
for(i=0;i<row;i++)
{ Find the sum of Left diagonal
for(j=0;j<col;j++) And
{ Right diagonal
if(i==j)
{ A[0][[0] A[0][2]
sum=sum+mat[i][j]; A[1][1]
} A[2][0] A[2][2]
}
}
Addition of Matrices

for (c = 0; c < m; c++) {


for (d = 0 ; d < n; d++) {
sum[c][d] = first[c][d] + second[c][d];
printf("%d\t", sum[c][d]);
}
printf("\n");
}
Matrix Multiplication

for (i = 0; i < N; i++) {


for (j = 0; j < N; j++) {
res[i][j] = 0;
for (k = 0; k < N; k++)
res[i][j] += mat1[i][k] * mat2[k][j];
}
}
Transpose Matrix

for(rows = 0; rows < i; rows++)


{
for(columns = 0;columns < j; columns++)
{
b[columns][rows] = a[rows][columns];
}
}
Self Exercise - Assignments
• Max valued element in a row
• Max valued element in a column
• Sum of column elements
• Sum of all elements
• Max valued element in the 2-D array
• Second highest valued element in row
• Second highest valued element in column
• Print the left diagonal elements
• Print the right diagonal elements
• Sum of diagonal elements (left and right)
• Highest valued element in left diagonal
• Highest valued element in Right diagonal

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