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kinematics

Uploaded by

kexiboc310
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© © All Rights Reserved
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Fluid Kinematics

1. Compare following:
Steady and unsteady flow; Compressible and incompressible flow; Laminar and Turbulent
flow, Uniform and non-uniform flow
2. Compare Langrangian and Eulerian Approach in fluid kinematics
3. Define Velocity potential function and Stream Potential function
4. What is flow net? What are its characteristics and its applications
5. The velocity vector in a fluid flow is given by V = 4x3i – 10x2yj+2tk. Find velocity and
acceleration at (2,1,3) at time t=1
6. Calculate the third component for a fluid flow satisfying continuity equation given by
v=2y2 and w = 2xyz
7. The velocity function is given by Ф = +x 3y/3 -xy3/3 - x2 + y2, find velocity component in x
and y direction, show that Ф represents possible case of fluid flow
8. The stream function is given by ψ = 2xy. Calculate the velocity components, magnitude
and direction of resultant velocity at any point
9. The stream function is given by ψ = 5x – 6y. Calculate the velocity at (2,3) and potential
function

Practice Problems for Fluid Dynamics and Compressible Flow


1. Derive Bernoulli’s Equation from Euler’s Equation. (*first derive Euler’s equation)
2. State Bernoulli’s theorem and its assumptions and limitations
3. What are applications of Bernoulli’s equation?
4. Write detailed note on Rotameter, Venturimeter, Orificemeter and Pitot tube.
5. Write specific use of Venturimeter, Orificemeter, Rotameter, Pitot tube.
6. A pipe has diameter of 20cm at point A and it gradually increases to 50cm at point B.
Pressure at A and B are 78.5KN/m² and 58.9KN/m² respectively. If the flow rate in the
pipe is 200L/s. End B is 3m higher than A, Calculate : Direction of flow, Head lost
between A and B
7. A fluid of specific gravity 0.95 is flowing through a tapered pipe of length 50m having
diameter 40cm at upper and 20cm at lower end. The flow rate is 60L/s. Pressure at higher
end is 24.52N/cm². Find the pressure at higher end if slope of pipe is 1 in 30.
8. Liquid of specific gravity 0.85 flows through 20×10cm Venturimeter. If Cd= 0.98, what
is flow for manometer reading of 15cm. What is manometer reading for a flow of 80L/s.
9. A horizontal Venturimeter with inlet diameter 300mm throat diameter 100mm is reduced
to measure flow of water. The pressure at inlet is 120KPa while vacuum pressure head at
throat is 400mm of Hg. Assuming 3% head lost between inlet and throat. Calculate : Cd
and Q.
10. Find throat diameter of Venturimeter fitted to horizontal main 0.3m in diameter
discharging 250L/s if an oil of specific gravity 0.9. Pressure gauge inserted at entrance
and throat Cd as 0.97.
11. A Venturimeter is providing by 13cm × 15cm. A vertical pipe line carrying water A
reference line elevation between flow section and entrance section is 50cm. The U tube
Mercury manometer shows deflection of 35cm. Find Discharge and pressure difference
between entrance and throat if Cd is 0.97
12. Define following:
Compressible flow, Mach Number, Mach line, Mach angle, Mach Cone
13. State importance of Mach number
14. What do you mean by stagnation properties?
15. A projectile is travelling in air having pressure and temperature as 8.829 N/cm2 ,
temperature -2oC. If the Mach angle 40o, find the velocity of the projectile. If k = 1.4, and
R = 287 J/k
16. Calculate the stagnation pressure, temperature and density at stagnation point at the
nose
of plane flying at a speed of 1000 kmph, the absolute pressure is 8N/cm2 and
temperature is -10oC. Take R = 288 J/kgK and k = 1.4
17. A projectile travels at a speed of 1500kmph, the absolute pressure is 12.15 N/cm2
temperature is 12oC. Calculae the Mach number and Mach angle. Take R = 287 J/kgK
and k = 1.4
18. Calculate the Mach number when a plane flying at a speed of 1200kmph, the absolute
pressure is 8N/cm2 temperature is -6oC. Take R = 287.14 J/kg K and k = 1.4
19. A supersonic fighter plane flies at an altitude of 3000m. An observer on the ground hears
the sonic boom 7.5 seconds after passing the plane over his head. Estimate the speed of
the plane in kmph and the Mach number. Take R = 287 J/kgK and k = 1.4, average
temperature 11oC.
20. A rocket is found to have a speed of 2160 kmph in air at a temperature of -40o C.
Calculate the Mach number and the Mach angle. Take R = 287 J/kgK and k = 1.4

Notches and Weirs


1. Derive equaition of discharge thourgh a circular orifice of diameter ‘d’ fitted on side
of tank
2. Compare (a) notches and weirs, (b) Small orifice and large orifice
3. Explain hydraulic coefficients.
4. Explain Cippoletti weir
5. A tank has two identical orifices on one of the vertical sides. The upper orifice is 2m
below the water surface and the lower orifice is 4.5m below the water surface. Find
the point where the two jets will intersect, if Cv = 0.92 for both the orifices
6. The head of water over the centre of orifice of diameter is 16 cm is 12m. The water is
collected in a tank of cross section size 2x3m, the rise of water in 60 seconds was
found to be 6m. The horizontal and vertical co-ordinates measured from vena
contracta are 3.9m and 0.65m. Calculate Cv and Cc.
7. The head of water over the centre of external mouthpiece of diameter 100mm is 10m.
Calculate discharge when mouthpiece is running free and full
8. Water flows through a right angled triangular notch first and then on a rectangular
notch of width 1.5m. The discharge coefficient for both the notches is 0.66. if the
head over the triangular notch is 600mm. Calculate the head over the rectangular
notch.
9. Calculate discharge through trapezoidal notch which is 1.2m wide at top and 0.6m
wide at bottom and 0.5m in height. The head of water over the notch is 0.45m.
Assume Cd for rectangular and triangular portion as 0.65.
10. A discharge of 0.06 cumec was measured over a right angle triangular notch. An
error of 2mm was recorded while measuring the head over the notch. Calculate the
percentage error if the coefficient of discharge for the notch is 0.65.
11. A 40m long weir is divided into 12 equal bays by vertical posts each 0.6m wide.
Using Franci’s formula calculate discharge over the weir if the head over the crest
1.2 m and velocity approach is 2m/s
12. A broad crested weir has 0.5m of water above its crest.Calculate the maximum
discharge over the weir. Take Cd =0.65. Neglect velocity of approach

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