CHAPTER 6 Capacitors and Inductors 227

6.9 Inductors in parallel can be combined just like L1

resistors in parallel.
+ v
(a) True (b) False 1
+
vs + v2 L2
6.10 For the circuit in Fig. 6.44, the voltage divider
formula is:
L1 + L2 L1 + L2
(a) v1 = vs (b) v1 = vs
L1 L2
L2 L1 Figure 6.44 For Review Question 6.10.
(c) v1 = vs (d) v1 = vs
L1 + L2 L1 + L2

Answers: 6.1a, 6.2d, 6.3d, 6.4b, 6.5c, 6.6b, 6.7a, 6.8b, 6.9a, 6.10d.

PROBLEMS
Section 6.2 Capacitors v(t) V
−3t
6.1 If the voltage across a 5-F capacitor is 2te V, find 10
the current and the power.
6.2 A 40-µF capacitor is charged to 120 V and is then 0
allowed to discharge to 80 V. How much energy is 2 4 6 8 10 12 t (ms)
lost?
10
6.3 In 5 s, the voltage across a 40-mF capacitor changes
from 160 V to 220 V. Calculate the average current
through the capacitor. Figure 6.46 For Prob. 6.6.
6.4 A current of 6 sin 4t A flows through a 2-F
capacitor. Find the voltage v(t) across the capacitor
given that v(0) = 1 V. 6.7 At t = 0, the voltage across a 50-mF capacitor is
10 V. Calculate the voltage across the capacitor for
6.5 If the current waveform in Fig. 6.45 is applied to a t > 0 when current 4t mA flows through it.
20-µF capacitor, find the voltage v(t) across the
capacitor. Assume that v(0) = 0. 6.8 The current through a 0.5-F capacitor is
6(1 − e−t ) A. Determine the voltage and power at
t = 2 s. Assume v(0) = 0.
6.9 If the voltage across a 2-F capacitor is as shown in
i(t) Fig. 6.47, find the current through the capacitor.

4
v (t) (V)
10

5
0
1 2 t
0
Figure 6.45 For Prob. 6.5. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 t (s)

Figure 6.47 For Prob. 6.9.

6.6 The voltage waveform in Fig. 6.46 is applied across 6.10 The current through an initially uncharged 4-µF
a 30-µF capacitor. Draw the current waveform capacitor is shown in Fig. 6.48. Find the voltage
through it. across the capacitor for 0 < t < 3.
228 PART 1 DC Circuits

i(t) (mA) 6F

40
5F 4F 2F

0
1 2 3 t (s)
(b)
40 3F 6F
2F

Figure 6.48 For Prob. 6.10.

3F
4F

6.11 A voltage of 60 cos 4π t V appears across the

(c)
terminals of a 3-mF capacitor. Calculate the current
through the capacitor and the energy stored in it
from t = 0 to t = 0.125 s. Figure 6.50 For Prob. 6.15.

6.12 Find the voltage across the capacitors in the circuit 6.16 Find Ceq for the circuit in Fig. 6.51.
of Fig. 6.49 under dc conditions.
20 mF 30 mF

10 50
C eq
15 mF 5 mF 40 mF

+ 20 +
3 C1 v1 v2 C2
+ 60 V Figure 6.51 For Prob. 6.16.

6.17 Calculate the equivalent capacitance for the circuit

in Fig. 6.52. All capacitances are in mF.
Figure 6.49 For Prob. 6.12.
5

Section 6.3 Series and Parallel Capacitors

15 3
6.13 What is the total capacitance of four 30-mF
capacitors connected in:
(a) parallel (b) series C eq 1 2
6 6
6.14 Two capacitors (20 µF and 30 µF) are connected to
a 100-V source. Find the energy stored in each
capacitor if they are connected in:
(a) parallel (b) series 8 4

6.15 Determine the equivalent capacitance for each of the Figure 6.52 For Prob. 6.17.
circuits in Fig. 6.50.
6.18 Determine the equivalent capacitance at terminals
a-b of the circuit in Fig. 6.53.
4F 12 F
5 mF 6 mF 4 mF
a
3F 6F
2 mF 3 mF 12 mF

4F b

(a) Figure 6.53 For Prob. 6.18.

 CHAPTER 6 Capacitors and Inductors 229

6.19 Obtain the equivalent capacitance of the circuit in C1

Fig. 6.54.
+ v1 i1 i2
+
40 mF + v2 is C1 C2
vs C2

10 mF 10 mF
(a) (b)
35 mF 5 mF
Figure 6.57 For Prob. 6.22.
20 mF
15 mF 15 mF

(b) For two capacitors in parallel as in Fig. 6.57(b),

show that the current-division rule is
a b
C1 C2
Figure 6.54 For Prob. 6.19. i1 =
C1 + C2
is , i2 =
C1 + C2
is

6.20 For the circuit in Fig. 6.55, determine: assuming that the initial conditions are zero.
(a) the voltage across each capacitor,
(b) the energy stored in each capacitor. 6.23 Three capacitors, C1 = 5 µF, C2 = 10 µF, and
C3 = 20 µF, are connected in parallel across a
150-V source. Determine:
(a) the total capacitance,
4 mF (b) the charge on each capacitor,
(c) the total energy stored in the parallel
120 V + 6 mF combination.
2 mF
3 mF 6.24 The three capacitors in the previous problem are
placed in series with a 200-V source. Compute:
(a) the total capacitance,
(b) the charge on each capacitor,
Figure 6.55 For Prob. 6.20.
(c) the total energy stored in the series combination.
∗
6.21 Repeat Prob. 6.20 for the circuit in Fig. 6.56. 6.25 Obtain the equivalent capacitance of the network
shown in Fig. 6.58.

60 mF 20 mF

90 V + 30 mF 14 mF 80 mF
40 mF 50 mF
30 mF

Figure 6.56 For Prob. 6.21.

10 mF 20 mF

6.22 (a) Show that the voltage-division rule for two

capacitors in series as in Fig. 6.57(a) is
Figure 6.58 For Prob. 6.25.
C2 C1
v1 = vs , v2 = vs
C1 + C2 C1 + C2

assuming that the initial conditions are zero. 6.26 Determine Ceq for each circuit in Fig. 6.59.

∗ An asterisk indicates a challenging problem.

230 PART 1 DC Circuits

C (a) v2 (0) (b) v1 (t) and v2 (t)

(c) i(t), i1 (t), and i2 (t)
C eq C C
i 20 mF
C
C + i1 i2
+ v1
+
(a) v 30 mF v2 50 mF

C C
C eq Figure 6.62 For Prob. 6.29.

Section 6.4 Inductors

C C
6.30 The current through a 10-mH inductor is 6e−t/2 A.
Find the voltage and the power at t = 3 s.
(b)
6.31 The current in a coil increases uniformly from 0.4 to
1 A in 2 s so that the voltage across the coil is
Figure 6.59 For Prob. 6.26.
60 mV. Calculate the inductance of the coil.
6.32 The current through a 0.25-mH inductor is
6.27 Assuming that the capacitors are initially uncharged, 12 cos 2t A. Determine the terminal voltage and the
find vo (t) in the circuit in Fig. 6.60. power.
6.33 The current through a 12-mH inductor is
is (mA)
4 sin 100t A. Find the voltage, and also the energy
6 mF stored in the inductor for 0 < t < π/200 s.
60
is + 6.34 The current through a 40-mH inductor is
3 mF vo (t)
0, t <0

0 i(t) =
1 2 t (s) te−2t A, t >0
Find the voltage v(t).
Figure 6.60 For Prob. 6.27.
6.35 The voltage across a 2-H inductor is 20(1 − e−2t ) V.
If the initial current through the inductor is 0.3 A,
6.28 If v(0) = 0, find v(t), i1 (t), and i2 (t) in the circuit in find the current and the energy stored in the inductor
Fig. 6.61. at t = 1 s.

is (mA)
6.36 If the voltage waveform in Fig. 6.63 is applied
across the terminals of a 5-H inductor, calculate the
20 current through the inductor. Assume i(0) = −1 A.

0 v (t) (V)
1 2 3 4 5 t
10
20

0
i1 i2 1 2 3 4 5 t
+
is 6 mF 4 mF v Figure 6.63 For Prob. 6.36.

6.37 The current in an 80-mH inductor increases from 0

to 60 mA. How much energy is stored in the
Figure 6.61 For Prob. 6.28. inductor?
6.38 A voltage of (4 + 10 cos 2t) V is applied to a 5-H
6.29 For the circuit in Fig. 6.62, let v = 10e−3t V and inductor. Find the current i(t) through the inductor
v1 (0) = 2 V. Find: if i(0) = −1 A.
 CHAPTER 6 Capacitors and Inductors 231

6.39 If the voltage waveform in Fig. 6.64 is applied to a 4 L1

10-mH inductor, find the inductor current i(t).
Assume i(0) = 0.
C2 L2
30 V + C1
v(t)
6
5

Figure 6.67 For Prob. 6.42.

0
1 2 t
Section 6.5 Series and Parallel Inductors
–5 6.43 Find the equivalent inductance for each circuit in
Fig. 6.68.

Figure 6.64 For Prob. 6.39. 5H 1H

6H 4H 4H
6.40 Find vC , iL , and the energy stored in the capacitor
and inductor in the circuit of Fig. 6.65 under dc
conditions.
(a)

1H 2H
2
+
iL 12 H 6H 4H
vC 2F
3A 4 0.5 H
5 (b)

Figure 6.65 For Prob. 6.40. 2H

4H

6.41 For the circuit in Fig. 6.66, calculate the value of R 3H 6H

that will make the energy stored in the capacitor the
same as that stored in the inductor under dc
conditions. (c)

Figure 6.68 For Prob. 6.43.

R

6.44 Obtain Leq for the inductive circuit of Fig. 6.69. All
inductances are in mH.
160 mF

5A 2 4 mH 4
10

Figure 6.66 For Prob. 6.41. 12

5 3 6

6.42 Under dc conditions, find the voltage across the

capacitors and the current through the inductors in
the circuit of Fig. 6.67. Figure 6.69 For Prob. 6.44.
232 PART 1 DC Circuits

6.45 Determine Leq at terminals a-b of the circuit in Fig. L

6.70.
L L
L eq
10 mH
L L

60 mH L

25 mH 20 mH
a b Figure 6.73 For Prob. 6.48.

30 mH

6.49 Find Leq in the circuit in Fig. 6.74.

Figure 6.70 For Prob. 6.45.
L

6.46 Find Leq at the terminals of the circuit in Fig. 6.71.

L L
L L L

6 mH 8 mH
a L L
5 mH
12 mH
L eq
8 mH
6 mH
4 mH Figure 6.74 For Prob. 6.49.

b
∗
10 mH 8 mH 6.50 Determine Leq that may be used to represent the
inductive network of Fig. 6.75 at the terminals.
Figure 6.71 For Prob. 6.46.

di
2
i dt
4H
6.47 Find the equivalent inductance looking into the a +
terminals of the circuit in Fig. 6.72. L eq
3H 5H

9H b

10 H Figure 6.75 For Prob. 6.50.

12 H 3H 6.51 The current waveform in Fig. 6.76 flows through a

3-H inductor. Sketch the voltage across the inductor
over the interval 0 < t < 6 s.
4H 6H

i(t)
a b
2

Figure 6.72 For Prob. 6.47.

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 t

6.48 Determine Leq in the circuit in Fig. 6.73. Figure 6.76 For Prob. 6.51.
 CHAPTER 6 Capacitors and Inductors 233

6.52 (a) For two inductors in series as in Fig. 6.77(b), i(t)

show that the current-division principle is
i1 i2
L1 L2 +
v1 = vs , v2 = vs t=0
L1 + L2 L1 + L2 Black box v 5H 20 H
assuming that the initial conditions are zero.
(b) For two inductors in parallel as in Fig. 6.77(b),
show that the current-division principle is

i1 =
L2
is , i2 =
L1
is Figure 6.79 For Prob. 6.54.
L1 + L2 L1 + L2
assuming that the initial conditions are zero. 6.55 Find i and v in the circuit of Fig. 6.80 assuming that
i(0) = 0 = v(0).

i 20 mH
L1
+ v +
1 i1 i2 + v
12 sin 4t mV 60 mH 40 mH
+
vs + v2 L2 is L1 L2

16 mH

(a) (b) Figure 6.80 For Prob. 6.55.

Section 6.6 Applications

Figure 6.77 For Prob. 6.52.
6.56 An op amp integrator has R = 50 k and
C = 0.04 µF. If the input voltage is
vi = 10 sin 50t mV, obtain the output voltage.
6.53 In the circuit of Fig. 6.78, let is (t) = 6e−2t mA,
t ≥ 0 and i1 (0) = 4 mA. Find: 6.57 A 10-V dc voltage is applied to an integrator with
(a) i2 (0), R = 50 k, C = 100 µF at t = 0. How long will it
take for the op amp to saturate if the saturation
(b) i1 (t) and i2 (t), t > 0,
voltages are +12 V and −12 V? Assume that the
(c) v1 (t) and v2 (t), t > 0, initial capacitor voltage was zero.
(d) the energy in each inductor at t = 0.5 s.
6.58 An op amp integrator with R = 4 M and
C = 1 µF has the input waveform shown in Fig.
6.81. Plot the output waveform.
10 mH
vi (mV)
+ v
1 i1 i2 20
+
i s (t) 30 mH v2 20 mH
10

0
1 2 3 4 5 6 t (ms)
Figure 6.78 For Prob. 6.53.
–10

–20
6.54 The inductors in Fig. 6.79 are initially charged and
are connected to the black box at t = 0. If
i1 (0) = 4 A, i2 (0) = −2 A, and v(t) = 50e−200t mV, Figure 6.81 For Prob. 6.58.
t ≥ 0, find:
(a) the energy initially stored in each inductor, 6.59 Using a single op amp, a capacitor, and resistors of
100 k or less, design a circuit to implement
(b) the total energy delivered to the black box from  t
t = 0 to t = ∞,
vo = −50 vi (t) dt
(c) i1 (t) and i2 (t), t ≥ 0, 0
(d) i(t), t ≥ 0. Assume vo = 0 at t = 0.