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Public health

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16 views

Pop Assignment 1

Public health

Uploaded by

contact.axclyn
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Assignment Topic:

Is Chronic Kidney Disease a Public Health Problem?


Course Tittle: Introduction to Public Health
(POP202)
Section: 01
Semester: Fall 2024
Submitted To:
Mohammad Bellal Hossain, PhD
East West University
Submitted By:
Sadia Binte Hossain

2022-1-10-034
What is a Public Health Problem?
Before understanding what is a public health problem, we must review public health. Public
health is The science and the art of preventing disease, prolonging life, and promoting physical
health and mental health and efficiency through organized community efforts toward a sanitary
environment; the control of community infections; the education of the individual in principles
of personal hygiene; the organization of medical and nursing for the early diagnosis and
treatment of disease; and the development of the social machinery to ensure to every individual
in the community a standard of living adequate for the maintenance of health.
Public Health problem is if a significant portion of a population is affected by a health problem,
which has significant economic, societal or health issues and requires an organized effort for
either prevention or management. The universalism of these problems category suggests that
they extend beyond the health of individual patients and touch entire communities, countries, and
populations. These genetic, environmental, socio-economic, and behavioral problems are
interrelated and require multi-faceted approaches to their causes and effects.
What Makes a Health Problem a Public Health Problem?
 It is widespread.
 It affects a certain section of the community.
 It is preventable.
 Prevention is in place/available.

Chronic Kidney disease


Chronic kidney disease is a type of long-term kidney disease, in which either there is a gradual
loss of kidney function which occurs over a period of months to years, or an abnormal kidney
structure. It is a non-communal disease causes kidneys to get damaged and can’t filter blood the
way they should. The disease is called “chronic” because the damage to kidneys happens slowly
over a long period of time. This damage can cause wastes to build up in our body. CKD can also
cause other health problems.
Symptoms of advanced CKD
 chest pain
 dry skin
 itching or numbness
 feeling tired
 headaches
 increased or decreased urination
 loss of appetite
 muscle cramps
 nausea
 shortness of breath
 sleep problems
 trouble concentrating
 vomiting
 weight loss

Is Chronic Kidney Disease a Public Health Problem?


To determine if CKD is a public Health problem or not, we must see if the problem falls under
the conditions which are the determinants of a public health problem.
Is Chronic Kidney Disease Widespread?
10% of the population worldwide is affected by chronic kidney disease (CKD), and millions die
each year because they do not have access to affordable treatment. According the 2010 Global
Burden of Disease study, chronic kidney disease was ranked 27th in the list of causes of total
number of deaths worldwide in 1990, but rose to 18th in 2010. This degree of movement up the
list was second only to that for HIV and AIDs
CKD is a global public health concern with increasing prevalence in many countries, including
Bangladesh. Studies suggest that in Bangladesh, CKD affects 16%–22% of the population, with
11% of these individuals in stage III–V. In Bangladesh, 200–250 people per million develop end-
stage kidney failure (ESKF) each year.
Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing global health concern due to its rising prevalence,
significant mortality rate, and the challenges in providing affordable and sustainable treatment.
The data mentioned indicates that CKD is widespread.

Does Chronic Kidney Disease It affect a certain section of the community?


hronic kidney disease (CKD) disproportionately affects certain sections of the community. It is
more common among older adults, with prevalence increasing significantly with age. Women are
slightly more affected than men, and socioeconomically disadvantaged groups face a higher
burden due to limited access to healthcare, financial constraints, and inadequate medical
resources. Additionally, populations in low- and middle-income countries, such as Bangladesh,
are particularly vulnerable due to systemic healthcare challenges and environmental factors.
According to current estimates, CKD is more common in people aged 65 years or older (34%)
than in people aged 45–64 years (12%) or 18–44 years (6%). CKD is slightly more common in
women (14%) than men (12%).
So, CKD does affect a certain section of the community.

Is Chronic Kidney Disease preventable?


The estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) is a blood test that measures how well the
kidneys are functioning. eGFR testing helps determine if we have CKD and what stage we are
in. In addition, our urine can be checked for protein losses which are one of the earliest signs of
kidney disease.
Steps you can take on your own to prevent CKD are:
 Control blood pressure
 Prevent and manage diabetes, keep blood sugar at recommended levels
 Stop smoking
 Maintain a healthy weight
 A healthy, balanced diet can reduce your risk of kidney disease by keeping your
blood pressure and cholesterol at a healthy level.
 Get your urine tested
 Take the medicines prescribed by your medical provider that have proven to slow
kidney disease
 Men and women are advised not to regularly drink more than 14 units a week
So we can say Chronic Kidney Disease is preventable.

Is Prevention for Chronic Kidney Disease in place/available?


Prevention of chronic kidney disease (CKD) is achievable through a combination of lifestyle
changes, such as maintaining a healthy diet, exercising regularly, and avoiding smoking or
excessive alcohol. Early screening and effective management of risk factors like diabetes,
hypertension, and high cholesterol are crucial in reducing the disease's onset and progression.
Public awareness campaigns play a vital role in educating communities about prevention and
early intervention.

CKD is a significant public health issue due to its rising global prevalence, high mortality, and
economic burden. It affects vulnerable populations disproportionately and is exacerbated by
limited healthcare access, inadequate resources, and poor disease awareness, particularly in low-
resource settings, making prevention and management critical public health priorities. It checks
out every condition of being a Public health problem. Thus it can be said Chronic Kidney disease
is a Public health disease.

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