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Management of Black Leg of Potato Disease

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Ahmer Mughal
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22 views5 pages

Management of Black Leg of Potato Disease

Uploaded by

Ahmer Mughal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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UNIVERSITY OF AGRICULTURE FAISLABAD

CONSTITUENT COLLEGE OKARA

Department of Plant Pathology/ Faculty of Agriculture


(SYNOPSIS FOR BA/BSc (Hons) AGRICULTURE)

EFFECTIVENESS OF TETRACYCLIN, STREPTOMYCIN AND


COPPER OXYCHLORIDE AGAINST PECTOBACTERIUM
ATROSEPTICUM

Name of student: Muhammad Ahmer Aziz


Registration No: 2021-ag-9233

Abstract

Potato is the fourth major crop in the world as considered as the staple food having starch,
growing more in developing countries as compared to developed nations. Due to its more potential,
soil borne pathogens cause disease in the potato like blackleg and soft rot. These are the major
diseases in potato cause significant losses worldwide. The purpose of the research is to make combat
strategy against Pectobacterium atrosepticum cause blackleg of potato. Secondly, to judge how much
these chemicals are effective against the new strains that have molecular differences, recognized
through conducting PCR test. Isolate the pathogen on nutrient agar (NA) plate and grow with different
antibiotics to study pathogenicity and effectiveness of selected antibiotics. Measure the maximum
and minimum inhibition zone create by different chemicals. Record the data after five days of
incubation. Experiment shows us copper oxychloride having maximum inhibition zone in contrast to
the other two chemicals as tetracycline and streptomycin having less inhibition zone. The results
declared the effectiveness of each chemical about the using against Pectobacterium atrosepticum in
vivo for the better growth of crop and high yield for future sustainability.

(SYNOPSIS FOR BA/BSc (Hons) AGRICULTURE)


I. EFFECTIVENESS OF TETRACYCLIN, STREPTOMYCIN AND
COPPER OXYCHLORIDE AGAINST PECTOBACTERIUM
ATROSEPTICUM

II. a) Date of Admission 13-9-2021

b) Date of Initiation (Research) 22-10-2024

c) Probable Duration (Research) 4 to 5 MONTH

III. PERSONNEL

a) Name of Student Muhammad Ahmer Aziz

b) Registration Number 2021-ag-9233

IV. SUPERVISORY COMMITTEE

Supervisor Dr. Jamil Shafi (Assistant Professor Plant Pathology)


[email protected]
Co-Supervisor Dr. Khalid Naveed (Associate Professor Plant
Pathology)
[email protected]

V. Need for the Project

Pectobacterium atrosepticum is the one pathogen that cause black leg or soft rot diseases in
potato. It is a soil borne pathogen, reside in decay or plant debris cause disease next year. About
20% yield loss occur all over the world where potato are growing. According to the survey in
2020, total 5 to 30% loss occur in Pakistan due to black leg of potato. Due to black leg incident
in developed countries, about 65% production shift toward developing countries. Overall, use
of antibiotics or copper base fungicide or bactericide in laboratory to check the effectiveness
of various chemical against Pectobacterium atrosepticum.

The pressing need for this project arises from the following factors:

 Sustainable Agriculture: With increasing awareness of sustainable agricultural


practices, there is a growing demand for eco-friendly solutions for disease management.

 Economic Viability: Pectobacterium atrosepticum infestations lead to significant


economic losses for farmers and the agricultural industry. Developing cost-effective
and efficient methods for its management is crucial for maintaining profitability.

 Enhanced Crop Quality and Yield: Effective control of Botrytis cinerea translates to
improved crop quality and higher yields, which directly impacts the economic well-
being of farmers and the availability of high-quality produce for consumers.

 Knowledge Gap and Research Opportunity: While there is promising research on


the efficacy of these chemicals against Pectobacterium atrosepticum, there is a need
for further studies to optimize application methods, dosage, and integration into
existing agricultural practices.

 Demonstration of Efficacy: Establishing a robust body of evidence demonstrating the


effectiveness of these chemicals in real-world agricultural settings is necessary to build
confidence among farmers and stakeholders.

 Dissemination of Knowledge: Translating research findings into practical, accessible,


and actionable recommendations is vital for ensuring widespread adoption of most
effective chemical control method.

By addressing these pressing needs, this project aims to revolutionize Pectobacterium


atrosepticum management strategies, contributing to more sustainable, economically viable,
and environmentally friendly agricultural practices. The successful implementation of most
effective chemical control method could have far-reaching benefits for both farmers and
consumers, ultimately leading to a more resilient and productive agricultural industry.

VI. Review of Literature


Potato (Solanum tuberosum) is a starchy crop belongs to the family solanacae. Potato is
considered as the fourth largest crop after wheat, rice and maize (Douches et al, 1996). It
provide balance starch, vitamins and mineral and have major role in supply of food chain.
According to the figures 2022- 23 potato occupied 0.330 million hectares with almost 7.94
million tons production. Overall, Pakistan is the nine largest country in the production of
potato. . In Pakistan, potato area, production and average yield have been 174.4 thousand
hectares, 4,245.9 thousand tones, and 24.3 t/ha, respectively during 2017–18 (Ijaz-ul-Hassan,
Khan& Hussain, 2022). Over 1.3 billion people consume potato (50kg per person in a year)
including China and sub-continent.

According to the trends in industry, potato has been shifted from developed countries to
developing countries. In 2005, developing countries produce more potatoes than developed
countries about 52% of total production (FOASTAT, 2018).

Many harmful pathogen can attack on potato cause significant yield loss. Among these
pathogens, Pectobacterium atrosepticum is the one pathogen that cause black leg or soft rot
diseases in potato. It is a soil borne pathogen, reside in decay or plant debris cause disease next
year. Bacteria enter in tuber through natural openings or wounds. The bacterium has been
observed to survive on tuber skin, in lenticels, and in small wounds which may have been
introduced during postharvest handling (Czajkowski et al., 2011; Dupuis, Nkuriyingoma &
Van Gijsegem, 2021; Been, Beniers & van der Wolf, 2022). About 20% yield loss occur all
over the world where potato are growing. According to the survey in 2020, total 5 to 30% loss
occur in Pakistan due to black leg of potato

Turkensten and Mulder (1996) made a detailed survey on bacterial and fungal diseases of
potato in the hilly areas of Pakistan. They collected samples and analyzed those samples using
organism-specific antibodies and other techniques. They concluded that most important
bacterial disease in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa causing losses over 30% followed by Pectobacterium
atrosepticum (potato blackleg) causing losses up to 30%.

Garcia (2000) showed that, species and subspecies characterization was conducted using the
biochemical tests of acid production from sugars, sensitivity to erythromycin, growth at
different temperatures, and in 5-10% NaC1, and the phosphates reaction. The results showed
Erwinia ssp. to be present in all the samples. Of the 15 pure isolates, 13 were Erwinia
carotovora subsp. carotovora, one each of Erwinia carotovora subsp. atroseptica and Erwinia
chrysanthemi.
Perombelon (2002) reported that soft rot is a seed-borne disease. He added that all species
easily cause soft rot of tubers during storage if they found favorable environmental conditions
for disease progression. In the same year he worked with three sub specie soft rot Erwinia,
Erwinia carotovora subsp. carotovora, E. carotovora ssp. atroseptica and E. chrysanthemi
associated with potatoes causing tuber soft rot and black leg (stem rot). Pectobacterium
atrosepticum tend to out compete other bacteria in tuber rots because of their ability to produce
larger quantities of a wider range of cell wall degrading pectic enzymes.

VII. Methodology

Isolate Pectobacterium atrosepticum (pure culture) on nutrient agar media. Identify the specie
on the basis of morphological characters of colony or specie. Prepare suspensions of chemicals
(tetracycline, streptomycin and copper oxychloride). Conduct the experiment in vitro and
measure the inhibition zone create by the chemicals.

VIII. References

 Akhtar Hameed, Muhammad Zeeshan, Rana Binyamin, Muhammad Waqar Alam,


Subhan Ali, Muhammad Saqlain Zaheer, Habib Ali, Muhammad Waheed Riaz, Hafiz
Haider Ali, Mohamed Soliman Elshikh and Khaloud Mohammed Alarjani. (2024).
Molecular characterization of pectobacterium atrosepticum infecting potato and its
management. PeerJ Publishing, 1-19.

 AKTER, S. (2017). IN-VITRO SCREENING OF SOME CHEMICALS AGAINST ERWINIA


CAROTOVORA THE CAUSAL AGENT OF SOFT ROT OF POTATO. SHER-E-BANGLA
AGRICULTURAL UNIVERSITY, 1-58.

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