Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in

Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

EXERCISE 3.1
Choose the correct answer from the given four options in the
following questions:
Q1. Graphically, the pair of equations
6x – 3y + 10 = 0
2x – y + 9 = 0
represents two lines which are
(a) intersecting at exactly one point
(b) intersecting at exactly two points
(c) coincident
(d) parallel
a1 6 b1 3 c1 10
Sol. (d): Here, = = 3, = = 3, =
a2 2 b2 1 c2 9
a1 b1 c1
 = 
a2 b2 c2
So, the system of linear equations is inconsistent (no solution) and
graph will be a pair of parallel lines.
Q2. The pair of equations x + 2y + 5 = 0 and – 3x – 6y + 1 = 0 have
(a) a unique solution (b) exactly two solutions
(c) infinitely many solutions (d) no solution
a 1 1 b1 2  1 c1 5
Sol. (d): Here, 1 = =  , = = , =
a2 3 3 b2 6 3 c2 1
a1 b1 c1
 = 
a2 b2 c2
So, the system of linear equations has no solution.
Q3. If a pair of linear equations is consistent, then the lines will be
(a) parallel (b) always coincident
(c) intersecting or coincident (d) always intersecting
Sol. (c): Condition for consistency
a1 b
 1 have unique solution (consistent) i.e., intersecting
a2 b2
at one point
a1 b c
or = 1 = 1 (consistent lines, coincident or depend)
a2 b2 c2

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
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Q4. The pair of equations y = 0 and y = – 7 has

(a) one solution (b) two solutions
(c) infinitely many solutions (d) no solution
Sol. (d): We know that equation of the form y = a is a line parallel to
x-axis at a distance ‘a’ from it. y = 0 is the equation of the x-axis and
y = –7 is is the equation of the line parallel to the x-axis. So, these two
equations represent two parallel lines. Therefore, there is no solution.
Hence, (d) is the correct answer.
Q5. The pair of equations x = a and y = b graphically represents lines
which are
(a) parallel (b) intersecting at (b, a)
(c) coincident (d) intersecting at (a, b)
Sol. (d): x = a is the equation of a straight line parallel to the y-axis
at a distance ‘a’ from it. Again, y = b is the equation of a straight line
parallel to the x-axis at a distance ‘b’ from it.
So, the pair of equations x = a and y = b graphically represents lines
which are intersecting at (a, b).
Hence, (d) is the correct answer.
Q6. For what value of k do the equations 3x – y + 8 = 0 and 6x – ky = –16
represent coincident lines?
1 1
(a) (b) (c) 2 (d) – 2
2 2
Sol. (c): 3x – y = – 8 ...(i)
6x – ky = – 16 ...(ii)
For coincident lines,
a1 b c
 = 1 = 1
a2 b2 c2
3 1 8
 = =
6  k  16
1 1 1
 = =
2 k 2
So, k = 2.
Q7. If the lines given by 3x + 2ky = 2 and 2x + 5y + 1 = 0 are parallel,
then the value of k is
5 2 15 3
(a) (b) (c) (d)
4 5 4 2
Sol. (c): For parallel lines (or no solution)
a1 b1 c1
= 
a2 b2 c2
3 2k 2
 = 
2 5 1

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

 4k = 15
15
 k=
4
Q8. The value of c for which the pair of equations cx – y = 2 and
6x – 2y = 3 will have infinitely many solutions is
(a) 3 (b) –3 (c) –12 (d) No value
Sol. (d): For infinitely many solutions,
a1 b1 c1
= =
a2 b2 c2
c 1 2
 = =
6 2 3
Ratio I II III
From ratios I and II, 2c = 6  c = 3
From ratios I and III, 3c = 12  c = 4
As from the ratios, values of c are not common. So, there is no value of
c for which lines have many solutions.
Q9. One equation of a pair of dependent linear equations is – 5x + 7y = 2.
The second equation can be
(a) 10x + 14y + 4 = 0 (b) – 10x – 14y + 4 = 0
(c) – 10x + 14y + 4 = 0 (d) 10x – 14y = –4
Sol. (d): –5x + 7y – 2 = 0 ...(i)
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0 ...(ii)
 For dependent system of linear equations
a1 b c
= 1 = 1
a2 b2 c2
5 7 2 1
 = = =
a2 b2 c2 k
So, a2 = – 5k, b2 = 7k, c2 = – 2k
k = 0, and 1, does not satisfy the required condition.
For k = – 2, a2 = + 10, b2 = – 14 and c2 = + 4 satisfies the condition.
5 7  2 1
i.e., = = = satisfies the condition.
10  14  4 2
Q10. A pair of linear equations which has a unique solution x = 2,
y = –3 is
(a) x + y = –1 and 2x – 3y = –5
(b) 2x + 5y = – 11 and 4x + 10y = – 22
(c) 2x – y = 1 and 3x + 2y = 0
(d) x – 4y –14 = 0 and 5x – y – 13 = 0
Sol. (b and d): As x = 2, y = – 3 is unique solution of system of equations
so these values must satisfy both equations.

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

(a) x + y = –1 and 2x – 3y = –5
Put x = 2 and y = –3 in both the equations.
LHS = x + y  2 – 3 = –1 (RHS)
LHS = 2x – 3y  2(2) – 3(–3)  4 + 9 = 13  RHS
(b) 2x + 5y = – 11 and 4x + 10y = – 22
Put x = 2 and y = –3 in both the equations.
LHS = 2x + 5y  2  2 + 5(–3)  4 – 15 = –11 = RHS
LHS = 4x + 10y  4(2) + 10(–3)  8 – 30 = –22 = RHS
(c) 2x – y = 1 and 3x + 2y = 0
Put x = 2 and y = –3 in both the equations.
LHS = 2x – y  2(2) + 3  7  RHS
LHS = 3x + 2y  3(2) + 2(–3)  6 – 6 = 0 = RHS
(d) x – 4y – 14 = 0 and 5x – y – 13 = 0
x – 4y = 14 and 5x – y = 13
Put x = 2 and y = –3 in both the equations.
LHS = x – 4y  2 – 4(–3)  2 + 12 = 14 = RHS
LHS = 5x – y  5(2) – (–3)  10 + 3 = 13 = RHS
Hence, the pair of equations is (b) and (d).
Q11. If x = a, y = b, is the solution of the equations x – y = 2 and
x + y = 4, then the values of a and b are, respectively
(a) 3 and 5 (b) 5 and 3 (c) 3 and 1 (d) – 1 and – 3
Sol. (c): If (a, b) is the solution of the given equations, then it must
satisfy the given equations so,
a–b = 2 ...(i)
a+b = 4 ...(ii)
 2a = 6 [Adding (i) and (ii)]
 a=3
Now, 3+b = 4 [From (ii)]
 b=1
So, (a, b) = (3, 1).
Q12. Aruna has only ` 1 and ` 2 coins with her. If the total number of
coins that she has is 50 and the amount of money with her is ` 75, then
the number of ` 1 and ` 2 coins are, respectively
(a) 35 and 15 (b) 35 and 20 (c) 15 and 35 (d) 25 and 25
Sol. (d): Let the number of ` 1 coins = x
and the number of ` 2 coins = y
So, according to the question
x + y = 50 (i)
1x + 2y = 75 ...(ii)
2x + 2y = 100 [(i)  2]
1x + 2y = 75 [From (ii)]
– – –
x = 25

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Now, 25 + y = 50  y = 25 [From (i)]

So, y = 25 and x = 25.
Q13. The father’s age is six times his son‘s age. Four years hence, the
age of the father will be four times his son‘s age. The present ages,
(in years) of the son and the father are, respectively
(a) 4 and 24 (b) 5 and 30 (c) 6 and 36 (d) 3 and 24
Sol. (c): Let the present age of father be x years
and the present age of son be y years.
 According to the question, x = 6y ...(i)
Age of father after four years = (x + 4) years
and the age of son after four years = (y + 4) years
Now, according to the question,
x + 4 = 4(y + 4) ...(ii)
 x + 4 = 4y + 16
 6y– 4y = 16 – 4 [ x = 6y]
 2y = 12
 y=6
\ x = 6  6 = 36 years [From (i)]
and y = 6 years
So, the present ages of the son and the father are 6 years and 36 years
respectively.

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

EXERCISE 3.2
Q1. Do the following pair of linear equations have no solution? Justify
your answer.
(i) 2x + 4y = 3 and 12y + 6x = 6
(ii) x = 2y and y = 2x
2
(iii) 3x + y – 3 = 0 and 2 x  y = 2
3 a1 b1 c1
Sol. The system of linear equations has no solution if =  .
a2 b2 c2
(i) 2x + 4y = 3 and 6x + 12y = 6
a 2 1 b1 4 1 c1 3 1
Here, 1= = , = = , = =
a2 6 3 b2 12 3 c2 6 2
∴= 2 4 3

6 12 6
So, the given system of linear equations has no solution.
(ii) – 2y = 0 and 2x – y = 0
a1 1
Here, =
a2 2
b1 2
and = =2
b2 1

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

So, the given system of linear equations does not satisfy

a1 b1 c1
=  .
a2 b2 c2
2
(iii) 3x + y – 3 = 0 and 2 x  y = 2
3
a 3 b 1 3 c 3 3
Here, 1 = , 1 = = , 1 = =
a2 2 b2 2/3 2 c2 2 2
So, the given system of linear equations does not satisfy
a1 b1 c1
=  .
a2 b2 c2
Q2. Do the following equations represent a pair of coincident lines?
Justifies your answer.
1
(i) =3 x  y 3 and = 7 x  3y 7
7
(ii) – 2x – 3y = 1 and 6y + 4x = – 2
x 2 5
(iii) = y 0 and 4 x =  8y  0
2 5 16
Sol. Condition for coincident lines
a1 b1 c1
= = ...(i)
a2 b2 c2
1
(i) =3 x  y 3 and = 7 x  3y 7
7
1
a1 3 b1 7 1 c 3
Here, = , = = and 1=
a2 7 b2 3 21 c2 7
So, the given system of linear equations does not satisfy
condition (i).
(ii) – 2x – 3y = 1 and 6y + 4x = – 2
a1  2  1 b1  3 1 c1 1
Here, = = , = = and =
a2 4 2 b2 6 2 c2  2
So, the given system of linear equations does not satisfy given
condition (i).
x 2 5
(iii) = y 0 and 4 x =  8y  0
2 5 16
1 2
a1 2 1 b1 1 c1 32
Here, = = , = and = 5=
a2 4 8 b2 8 c2 5 25
16

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

a1 b1 c1
 = 
a2 b2 c2
So, the given system of linear equations does not satisfy
condition (i).
Q3. Are the following pair of linear equations consistent? Justify your
answer.
(i) –3x – 4y = 12 and 4y + 3x = 12
3 1 1 1
(ii) x  y = and x  3y =
5 2 5 6
(iii) 2ax + by = a and 4ax + 2by – 2a = 0, a, b  0
(iv) x + 3y = 11 and 2(2x + 6y) = 22
Sol. For consistent system of linear equations a, b  0
a1 b c
= 1 = 1 (infinitely many solutions)
a2 b2 c2
a1 b1
 (unique solution)
a2 b2
(i) –3x – 4y = 12 and 4y + 3x = 12
a 3 b1  4 c1 12
Here, 1 = =  1, = =  1 and = =1
a2 3 b2 4 c2 12
 a1 b1 c1
= 
a2 b2 c2
So, the given pair of linear equations is inconsistent and has no
solution.
3 1 1 1
(ii) x  y = and x  3y =
5 2 5 6
a1 3/5 b1  1 1 c1 1/2 6
Here, = = 3, = = and = = = 3
a2 1/5 b2  3 3 c2 1/6 2
a1 b1
\ 
a2 b2
So, the given pair of linear equations is consistent and has
unique solution.
(iii) 2ax + by = a and 4ax + 2by – 2a = 0
a1 2 a 1 b1 b 1 c1 a 1
Here, = = , = = and = =
a2 4 a 2 b2 2b 2 c2 2 a 2
a1 b1 c1
 = =
a2 b2 c2
So, the given pair of linear equations is consistent and has
infinitely many solutions.

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

(iv) x + 3y = 11 and 2(2x + 6y) = 22

or x + 3y = 11 and 4x + 12y = 22
a1 1 b1 3 1 c1 11 1
Here, = , = = and = =
a2 4 b2 12 4 c2 22 2
a1 b1 c1
 = 
a2 b2 c2
So, the given pair of linear equations is inconsistent and has no
solution.
Q4. For the pair of equations, lx + 3y = –7 and 2x + 6y = 14, to have
infinitely many solutions the value of l should be 1. Is the statement
true? Give reasons.
Sol. lx + 3y + 7 = 0 ...(i)
2x + 6y – 14 = 0 ...(ii)
For infinitely many solutions,
a1 b1 c1
= =
a2 b2 c2
a1 l b1 3 1 c1 7 1
\ = , = = , = =
a2 2 b2 6 2 c2  14  2
b1 c1
So,  , for any value of l.
b2 c2
Hence, the given statement is not true.
Q5. For all real values of c, the pair of equations x – 2y = 8 and 5x – 10y = c
have a unique solution. Justify whether it is true or false.
Sol. (False) System of linear equations are
x – 2y = 8 ...(i)
5x – 10y = c ...(ii)
a1 1 b1 2 1 c1  8 8
\ = , = = and = =
a2 5 b2  10 5 c2  c c
a b
As 1 = 1 so system of linear equations can never have unique
a2 b2
solution.
Hence, the given statement is false.
Q6. The line represented by x = 7 is parallel to x-axis. Justify whether
the statement is true or not.
Sol. The line represented by x = 7 is of the form x = a. The graph of the
equation is a line parallel to the y-axis.
Hence, the given statement is not true.

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

EXERCISE 3.3
Q1. For which value(s) of l do the pair of linear equations lx + y = l2
and x + ly = 1 have
(i) no solution? 
(ii) infinitely many solutions?
(iii) a unique solution ?
Sol. lx + y = l2 and x + ly = 1
a1 b1 c1
(i) For no solution, = 
a2 b2 c2
l 1 l2

 = 
1 l 1
I II III
From ratio I and II, we get
l2 = 1

 l = ±1
(ii) For infinitely many solutions,
a1 b c
= 1 = 1
a2 b2 c2
l 1 l2

 = =
1 l 1
 l2 = 1  l = ± 1
l l2
Also, =
1 1
 l2 = l
 l2 – l = 0
 l (l – 1) = 0
 l = 0, l = 1
 Common solution for which the pair of linear equations has
infinitely many solutions is l = 1 only.
a b1
(iii) For unique solution, 1 
a2 b2
l 1
\ 
1 l
 l2  1 or l  1, – 1
So, for unique solution all real values except l = 1, – 1.
Q2. For which value(s) of k will the pair of equations kx + 3y = k – 3 and
12x + ky = k has no solution?
Sol. kx + 3y = k – 3
12x + ky = k

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
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System of eqns. will have no solution if

a1 b c
= 1  1
a2 b2 c2
k 3 k3
 = 
12 k k
2
 k = 36
 k = ±6
3 ( k  3)
Also, 
k k
 k 2 – 3k  3k
 k 2 – 3k – 3k  0
 k 2 – 6k  0
 k(k – 6)  0
 k  0 and k  6
So, the value of k for which the system of linear equations has no
solution is k = – 6.
Q3. For which values of a and b, will the following pair of linear
equations has infinitely many solutions?
x + 2y = 1
(a – b)x + (a + b)y = a + b – 2
Sol. For infinitely many solutions,
a1 b1 c1
= =
a2 b 2 c2
1 2 1
 = =
( a  b) ( a  b) ( a  b  2)
I II III
From ratios I and II, From ratios II and III,
2a – 2b = a + b 2a + 2b – 4 = a + b
 a – 3b = 0 ...(i)  a+b = 4 ...(ii)
Now, solving (i) and (ii), we have
a – 3b = 0 ...(i)
a+b = 4 ...(ii) [Subtracting (ii) from (i)]
– – –
– 4b = – 4
 b = 1
and a = 4 – b  [From (ii)]
 a = 4–1
 a = 3

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
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Q4. Find the values of p in (i) to (iv) and p and q in (v) for the following
pair of equations:
(i) 3x – y – 5 = 0 and 6x – 2y – p = 0, if the lines represented by these
equations are parallel.
(ii) – x + py = 1 and px – y = 1, if the pair of equations has no
solution.
(iii) – 3x + 5y = 7 and 2px – 3y = 1, if the lines represented by these
equations are intersecting at a unique point.
(iv) 2x + 3y – 5 = 0 and px – 6y – 8 = 0, if the pair of equations has a
unique solution.
(v) 2x + 3y = 7 and 2px + py = 28 – qy, if the pair of equations has
infinitely many solutions.
Sol. (i) Given equations are
3x – y – 5 = 0 ...(i)
6x – 2y – p = 0 ...(ii)
a1 3 1 b1  1 1 c1  5 5
∴ = = , = = , = =
a2 6 2 b2  2 2 c2  p p
a1 b c
The lines will be parallel if = 1  1
a2 b2 c2
1 1 5
 = 
2 2 p
 p  10
So, the given lines are parallel for all real values of p except 10.
(ii) Given pair of equations is
– x + py = 1 ...(i)
px – y = 1 ...(ii)
a1 b1 c1
For no solution, = 
a2 b2 c2
1 p 1
  = 
p 1 1
I II III
From ratios I and II, p2 = 1 or p = ± 1
Using ratios II and III, p  –1
 For p = 1, the given equations have not any solution.
(iii) Pair of equations is
–3x + 5y = 7 ...(i)
2px – 3y = 1 ...(ii)
For unique solution, we have
a1 b
 1
a2 b2

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
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3 5
 
2p 3
9
 10p  + 9  p
10
Hence, the given equations have unique solution for all real values of
9
p except .
10
(iv) Pair of equations is
2x + 3y – 5 = 0 ...(i)
px – 6y – 8 = 0 ...(ii)
Pair of equations have unique solution if
a1 b
 1
a2 b2
2 3
 
p 6
 3p  – 2  6
12
 p 
3
 p  –4
Hence, the system of linear equations has unique solution for all real
values of p except – 4.
(v) Given system of linear equations is
2px + py = 28 – qy
i.e., 2px + (p + q)y = 28 ...(i)
2x + 3y = 7 ...(ii)
The system of equations will have infinitely many solutions if
a1 b1 c1
 
a2 b2 c2
2 p p  q 28
  
2 3 7
I II III
Using ratios I and II we get,
2p pq
=
2 3
 3p = p + q
 2p – q = 0
 q = 2p ...(iii)
Using ratios I and III, we get
2p 28
=  p=4
2 7

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

 q = 2p = 2  4 = 8 [From (iii)]
\ q = 8 and p = 4
2 p p  q 28
Now, = =
2 3 7
p pq 4
 = =
1 3 1
By substituting the values of p and q, we have
48
= 4 = 4
3
12
 =4 = 4
3
 4=4=4
Hence, the given system of equations has infinitely many solutions
when p = 4 and q = 8.
Q5. Two straight paths are represented by the equations x – 3y = 2 and
– 2x + 6y = 5. Check whether the paths will cross each other or not.
Sol. Two straight paths are represented by the equations
x – 3y = 2 and –2x + 6y = 5.
For the paths to cross each other i.e., to intersect each other, we must
a1 b1
have  .
a2 b2
a 1 1 b1  3  1
Now, 1 = = and = =
a2 2 2 b2 6 2
a1 b1
 =
a2 b2
Hence, the two straight paths do not cross each other.
Q6. Write a pair of linear equations which has the unique solution
x = –1, and y = 3. How many such pairs can you write ?
Sol. For system of linear equations
a1x + b1y + c1 = 0
a2x + b2y + c2 = 0
the lines has unique solution x = – 1 and y = 3 so it must satisfy the
above equations.
 a1(–1) + b1(3) + c1 = 0
and a2(– 1) + b2(3) + c2 = 0
 – a1 + 3b1 + c1 = 0 ...(i)
and – a2 + 3b2 + c2 = 0 ...(ii)
The restricted values of a1, a2 and b1, b2 are only
a1 b1
= ...(iii)
a2 b2

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

So, all the real values of a1, a2, b1, b2 except condition (iii) can form so
many linear equations which will satisfy equations (i) and (ii) and
have solution x = – 1 and y = 3.
We can have infinite number of lines passing through (– 1, 3), which
is the solution of intersecting lines at this (– 1, 3) point.
So, infinite number of pairs of system of equations are possible
which has unique solution x = – 1 and y = 3.
Q7. If 2x + y = 23 and 4x – y = 19, then find the values of 5y – 2x and
y
 2.
x
Sol. Given equations are 2x + y = 23 ...(i)
4x – y = 19 ...(ii)
Adding equations (i) and (ii), we get
6x = 42
 x=7
Now, 2(7) + y = 23 [From (i)]
 y = 23 – 14
 y=9
So, 5y – 2x = 5(9) – 2(7) = 45 – 14 = 31
y 9 9  14 5
and 2= 2= =
x 7 7 7
y  5
Hence, the values of (5y – 2x) and   2 are 31 and respectively.
x  7
Q8. Find the values of x and y in the following rectangle:

Sol. As the opposite sides of a rectangle are equal so by figure, we

conclude that
3x + y = 7 ...(i)
x + 3y = 13 ...(ii)
9x + 3y = 21 [From (i)]
x + 3y = 13
– – –
8x = 8 [Subtracting (ii) from (i)]
x= 1

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Now, 3(1) + y = 7 [From (i)]

 y= 7–3
 y= 4
and x= 1
Hence, the required values of x and y are 1 and 4 respectively.
Q9. Solve the following pairs of linear equations:
0.6
(i) x + y = 3.3, =  1 , 3x – 2y  0
3x  2 y
(ii) x  y = 4,
5x y
 = 4
3 4 6 8
6 8
(iii) 4 x  = 15, 6 x  = 14 , y  0
y y
1 1 1 1
(iv)  =  1,  =8 , x, y  0
2x y x 2y
(v) 43x + 67y = – 24, 67x + 43y = 24
x y x y
(vi)  =a  b ,  2 = 2 , a, b  0
a b a 2
b
2 xy 3 xy 3
(vii) = , = , x  y  0, 2 x  y  0
xy 2 2 x  y 10
Sol. Some important rules for easy solution.
• Fraction in which constants are in denominators, convert the
equation in the form of ax + by = c by multiplying the equation
both sides by LCM of denominators of equation.
• We can not multiply an equation by variable unless variable
is not zero. If variables are not zero, then we can multiply by
variables also.
• If in system of equations, x or y or both are in denominator and
are symmetric no need to remove denominator.
• Remove decimals and again remove denominators by
multiplying LCM of denominator to both sides.
(i) We have x + y = 3.3 ...(i)
0.6
= –1 ...(ii)
3x  2 y
On multiplying eqn. (i) by 20, we get
20x + 20y = 66 ...(iii)
From eqn. (ii), we have
–3x + 2y = 0.6
On multiplying it by (–10), we get
30x – 20y = –6 ...(iv)

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Now, adding (iii) and (iv), we get

30x – 20y = – 6 ...(iv)
20x + 20y = 66 ...(iii)
50x = 60
60 6
 x=  x=  x = 1.2
50 5
Now, 10(1.2) + 10y = 33 [From (i)]
 12 + 10y = 33
 10y = 33 – 12
21
 y=  y = 2.1
10
 The solution of the given system of equations is x = 1.2, and y = 2.1.
x y
(ii)  =4 ...(i)  LCM 12
3 4
5x y
 =4 ...(ii)  LCM 24
6 8
4x + 3y = 48 ...(iii)
20x – 3y = 96 ...(iv)
24x = 144 [By adding above two equations]
144
 x=  x=6
24
Now, 4x + 3y = 48 [From (iii)]
On putting the value of x = 6, we have
4(6) + 3y = 48
 3y = 48 – 24
 3y = 24
24
 y=  y=8
3
So, the solution of the given equations is x = 6 and y = 8
6
(iii) 4x + = 15 ...(i)  6 or 3
y

6x – 8 = 14 ...(ii)  4 or 2
y
(As y is in denominators and symmetric so no need to remove
denominator and 6 and 4 are divisible by 2 so we can multiply (i), (ii) by
3 and 2 respectively)

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

18
12x + = 45 ...(iii)
y
16
12x – = 28 ...(iv)
y
– + –
18 16
+ = 17 [By subtracting (iv) from (iii)]
y y
18  16 17
=
y 1
 17y = 34
34
 y=  y=2
 17
18
Now, 12x + = 45 [From (iii)]
y
18
 12x + = 45 [ y = 2]
2
 12x = 45 – 9
 12x = 36  x = 3 and y = 2
(iv) Given equations are
1 1 1
 = –1 ...(i) 
2x y 2
1 1
 =8 ...(ii)  1, x, y  0
x 2y
[x, y both are in denominator and symmetric so no need to convert
into linear equation hence, can be eliminated directly]
1
Multiplying eqn. (i) by the coefficient of in (ii) and vice versa , we have
y
1 1 1
– =  ...(iii)
4x 2y 2
1 1
+ = 8 ...(iv)
x 2y
1 1 1
+ = 8 [Adding eqns (iii) and (iv)]
4x x 2
14 16  1
 =
4x 2
5 15
 =
4x 2

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

 15  4x = 5  2
52 1
 x=  x=
15  4 6
1 1
Now,  =8 [From (iv)]
x 2y
1 1  1
  =8  x = 6 
 1  2y
 6
1 1
 6 =8  =8–6
2y 2y
1 2 1
 =  4y = 1  y=
2y 1 4
1 1
So, x = and y = .
6 4
(v) Given pair of equations are
43x + 67y = – 24 ...(i)
67x + 43y = 24 ...(ii)
 110x + 110y = 0 [Adding (i) and (ii)]
 x+y = 0 ...(iii)
Subtracting (ii) from (i), we have
– 24x + 24y = – 48
 –x+y = –2 ...(iv)
x+y = 0 [From (iii)]
 2y = – 2 [Adding (iii) and (iv)]
y = –1
From (iii), x+y = 0
 x + (– 1) = 0 [Q y = – 1]
 x=1
and y = –1
Hence, the solution of the given equations is x = 1, y = – 1.
(vi) Pair of linear equations is,
x y
 = a+b ...(i)  ab
a b
x y
2
 2 =2 ...(ii)  a2b2, a, b  0
a b
Multiplying (i) by LCM ab, and (ii) by LCM a2b2, we have
bx + ay = a2b + ab2 ...(iii)  a2 or a
b2x + a2y = 2a2b2 ...(iv)  a or 1

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

abx + a2y = a3b + a2b2 ...(v)

b2x + a2y = 2a2b2 ...(iv)
– – – [Subtracting (vi) from (v)]
abx – b2x = a3b – a2b2
 bx (a – b) = a2b (a – b)
a 2 b( a  b)
 x=
b( a  b)
 x a2
=
Now, bx + ay a2b + ab2
= [From (iii)]
 b(a2) + ay a2b + ab2
= [Q x = a2]
2 2 2
 ay a b + ab – a b
=
 ay ab2
=
ab2
 y=  y = b2
a
So, the solution of the given equations is x = a2 and y = b2.
2xy 3
(vii) We have: = ...(i)
xy 2
xy 3
= ...(ii)
2x  y 10
[(x + y)  0 and (2x – y)  0)]
Inversing the eqn. (i), we get
xy 2
=
2 xy 3
x y 2
  =
2 xy 2 xy 3
1 1 2
  = ...(iii)
2 y 2x 3
Inversing the eqn. (ii), we get
2x  y 10
=
xy 3
2x y  10
  =
xy xy 3
2 1  10
  =
y x 3
2 1 –5
 – = ...(iv)
2y 2x 3
2 1 5
Now, – = [From (iv)]
2y 2x 3

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

1 1 2
and + = [From (iii)]
2y 2x 3
2 1 5 2
+ =   [Adding (iii) and (iv)]
2y 2y 3 3
21 5  2 3 3
 =  =
2y 3 2y 3
3 3
 = –1  y= 
2y 2
2 1 5
Now,  = [From (iv)]
2 y 2x 3
2 1 –10
 – =
y x 3
2 1  10 –3
  = ;a y = E
  3 x 3 2
 
2 
4 1  10
  =
3 x 3
1  10 4
  = 
x 3 3
1 6
 =
x 3
1 2 1
 =  2x = 1  x=
x 1 2
1 3
So, x = and y = .
2 2 x y
Q10. Find the solution of the pair of equations  1= 0 and
x y . Hence, find l, if y = lx + 5. 10 5
 = 15
8 6
Sol. Given equations are
x y
 1 = 0 ...(i)  20
10 5
x y
and  = 15 ...(ii)  24
8 6
i.e., 2x + 4y = 20 ...(iii)
3x + 4y = 360 ...(iv)
2x + 4y = 20 ...(iii)
3x + 4y = 360 ...(iv)
– – – [Subtracting (iv) from (iii)]
–x = – 340
 4x = + 340

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Now, 2x + 4y = 20 [From (iii)]

 x + 2y = 10
 340 + 2y = 10 [ x = 340]
 2y = 10 – 340
 2y = – 330
 330
 y= =  165
2
and x = 340
Now, y = lx + 5 [Given]
 – 165 = l(340) + 5 [Q y = – 165 and x = 340]
 – l(340) = 5 + 165
 – l(340) = 170
170 1
 l=  l= 
 340 2
Hence, the solution of the given pair of equations is x = 340, y = – 165
1
and l =  .
2
Q11. By the graphical method, find whether the following pair of
equations are consistent or not. If consistent, solve them.
(i) 3x + y + 4 = 0 and 6x – 2y + 4 = 0
(ii) x – 2y = 6 and 3x – 6y = 0
(iii) + y = 3 and 3x + 3y = 9
Sol. (i) Given equations are
3x + y + 4 = 0 ...(i)
6x – 2y + 4 = 0 ...(ii)
a1 3 1 b1 1 1 c1 4
= = , = = , = = 1
a2 6 2
b2  2 2 c2 4
a1 b1
 
a2 b2
So, the given pair of equations is consistent and has unique solution.
3x + y + 4 = 0 [From (i)]
 y=  3x  4
If x = 0, y = – 3(0) – 4 = 0 – 4 = – 4
x = 1, y = – 3(1) – 4 = –3 – 4 = – 7
x = 2, y = – 3(2) – 4 = – 6 – 4 = – 10
x 0 1 2
y –4 – 7 – 10
6x – 2y + 4 = 0 [From (ii)]
 3x – y + 2 = 0
 – y = – 3x – 2

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

 y 3x  2
=
If x = 0, y = 3(0) + 2 = 0 + 2 = 2
x = 1, y = 3(1) + 2 = 3 + 2 = 5
x = 2, y = 3(2) + 2 = 6 + 2 = 8
x 0 1 2
y 2 5 8

Intersecting point is (–1, –1) i.e., x = –1 and y = –1

(ii) Given equations are,
x –2y = 6 ...(i)
3x – 6y = 0 ...(ii)
a1 1 b1  2 1 c1 6
= , = = , =
a2 3 b2  6 3 c2 0
a1 b1 c1
 = 
a2 b2 c2
 System of equations is inconsistent. Hence, the lines represented by
the given equations are parallel. So, the given equations have no solution.

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

(iii) Pair of equations is

x+y = 3 ...(i)
3x + 3y = 9 ...(ii)
a1 1 b1 1 c1 3 1
= , = , = =
a2 3 b2 3 c2 9 3
a1 b1 c1
So, = =
a2 b2 c2
So, the system of given equations have infinitely many solutions.
Graph will be overlapping so pair of equations is consistent.
As the lines are dependent so points on graph for both equations will
be same. To draw, we can take any one equation.
x+y = 3
 y= 3  x
If x = 0, y = 3–0=3
x = 1, y = 3–1=2
x = 2, y = 3–2=1
Points for graph of equation (i) and (ii) are
x 0 1 2 3 4 5
y 3 2 1 0 –1 –2
3x Y
+ 4
3y
=
9
3 A

2 B

1 C

X –2 –1 0 1 2 3 4 X

–1 x
+
y
=
3
–2
Scale: x and y axis
10 small divisions
–3 = 1 unit
Y
So, the lines represented by the given equations are coinciding. Given
equations are consistent.
Some solutions of system of equations are (0, 3), (1, 2), (2, 1), (3, 0),
(4, –1) and (5, –2).

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Q12. Draw the graph of the pair of equations 2x + y = 4 and 2x – y = 4.

Write the vertices of the triangle formed by these lines and the y-axis.
Also find the area of this triangle.
Sol. 2x + y = 4 ...(i)
 y 4  2 x
If x = 0, y = 4 – 2(0) = 4 – 0 = 4
x = 1, y = 4 – 2(1) = 4 – 2 = 2
x = 2, y = 4 – 2(2) = 4 – 4 = 0
x 0 1 2 3
y 4 2 0 –2
(i) A B C D
2x – y = 4 ...(ii)
 y 2 x  4
If x = 0, y= 2(0) – 4 = 0 – 4 = – 4
x = 1, y= 2(1) – 4 = 2 – 4 = – 2
x = 2, y= 2(2) – 4 = 4 – 4 = 0
x 0 1 2 3 4
y –4 –2 0 2 4
(ii) E F G H I

(i) 6

(ii)
=4

4 A
I
–y
2x

2 B
H
O C G
X –1 0 1 3 5 7 X
2x

–2 F D
+y
=4

–4 E
Scale: X and Y axis
5 small divisions
–6 = 1 unit
Y

Triangle formed by the lines with y-axis is DAEC. Coordinates of

vertices are A(0, 4), E(0, – 4) and C(2, 0).

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

1
Area of DAEC = Base  Altitude
2
1
= AE  CO
2
1
=  [4  (  4)]  (2  0)
2
1
= 82 =8
2
∴ Area of DAEC = 8 square units
Q13. Write an equation of a line passing through the point representing
the solution of the pair of linear equations x + y = 2 and 2x – y = 1. How
many such lines can we find?
Ans. Given pair of linear equations is
x+y = 2 ...(i)
2x – y = 1 ...(ii)
a1 1 b1 1
Here, = = , = –1
a2 2 b2  1
a1 b
 ≠ 1
a2 b2
So, the given pair of equations has unique solution.
For solution of equations, add (i) and (ii), we get
3x = 3
3
 x=  x=1
3
Now, x+y = 2 [From (i)]
 1+y = 2  y=1 [ x = 1]
Hence, the solution of the given equations is y = 1 and x = 1.
Now, we have to find a line passing through (1, 1). We can
make infinite linear equations passing through (1, 1). Some of the
linear equations are given below:
Step I: Take any linear polynomial in x and y, let it be 8x – 5y.
Step II: Put x = 1 and y = 1 in the above polynomial, i.e.
8(1) – 5(1) = 8 – 5 = 3
Step III: So, the required equation of line passing through (1, 1) is
8x – 5y = 3
Some more required equations are 2x – 3y = –1, 3x – 2y = 1 and
5x – 2y = 3 and x – y = 0 etc.
Q14. If (x + 1) is a factor of 2x3 + ax2 + 2bx + 1, then find the values of
a and b given that 2a – 3b = 4.
Sol. Let f(x) = 2x3 + ax2 + 2bx + 1
If (x + 1) is a factor of f(x), then by factor theorem f(– 1) = 0.
 f(–1) = 2(–1)3 + a(–1)2 + 2b(–1) + 1 = 0

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
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 – 2 + a –2b + 1 = 0
 a – 2b = 1 ...(i)
2a – 3b = 4 ...(ii) [Given]
2a – 4b = 2 [(i)  2]
2a – 3b = 4 [From (ii)]
– + –
– b =– 2
 b=2
Now, a – 2b = 1 [From (i)]
 a – 2(2) = 1 [Q b = 2]
 a = 1+4
 a = 5, b = 2
Q15. The angles of a triangle are x, y and 40°. The difference between
the two angles x and y is 30°. Find x and y.
Sol. x, y and 40 are the measures of interior angles of a triangle.
\ x + y + 40° = 180°
 x + y = 140° ...(i)
The difference between x and y is 30° so
x – y = 30° ...(ii)
x + y = 140° [From (i)]
2x = 170° [Adding (i) and (ii)]
170
 x= = 85
2
Now, x + y = 140° [From (i)]
 85° + y = 140° [Q x = 85°]
 y = 140° – 85°
 y = 55°
and x = 85°
Q16. Two years ago, Salim was thrice as old as his daughter and six
years later he will be four years older than twice her age. How old are
they now?
Sol. Let the present age of Salim be x years.
Also, let the present age of his daughter be y years.
Age of Salim 2 years ago = (x – 2) years
Age of Salim’s daughter 2 years ago = (y – 2) years
According to the question, we have
Age of Salim was = thrice  daughter [Given]
 x – 2 = 3  (y – 2)
 x – 2 = 3y – 6

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
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 x – 3y = – 4 ...(i)
Age of Salim 6 years later = (x + 6) years
Age of Salim‘s daughter 6 years later = (y + 6) years
According to the question, we have
x + 6 = 2(y + 6) + 4
 x + 6 = 2y + 12 + 4
 x – 2y = 16 – 6
 x – 2y = 10 (ii)
x – 3y = – 4 [From (i)]
– + +
y = 14 [Subtracting (i) from (ii)]
Now, x – 2y = 10 [From (ii)]
 x – 2(14) = 10 [ y = 14]
 x = 10 + 28
 x = 38
\ Age of Salim at present = 38 years
and age of Salim’s daughter at present = 14 years
Q17. The age of the father is twice the sum of the ages of his two
children. After 20 years, his age will be equal to the sum of the ages of
his children. Find the age of the father.
Sol. Let the present age of father be x years.
Also, let the sum of present ages of two children be y years.
The age of father is (=) twice ( 2) the sum of the ages of two children
 x = 2  (y)  x = 2y
 x – 2y = 0 ...(i)
Age of father 20 years later = (x + 20) years
Increase in age of first children in 20 years = 20 years
Increase in age of second children in 20 years = 20 years
 Increase in the age of both children in 20 years = 20 + 20 = 40 years
 Sum of ages of both children 20 years later = (y + 40)
Now, according to the question, we have
Father will be (=) sum of ages of two children [Given]
 x + 20 = y + 40
 x – y = 20 ...(ii)
 2y – y = 20 [( x = 2y) from (i)]
 y = 20 years
Now, x = 2y [From (i)]
 x = 2  20
 x = 40
Age of father is 40 years.

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Q18. Two numbers are in the ratio 5:6. If 8 is subtracted from each of
the numbers, the ratio becomes 4 : 5. Find the numbers.
Sol. Let the numbers be 5x and 6x respectively. So, new numbers after
subtracting 8 from each will be (5x – 8) and (6x – 8) respectively.
According to the question, ratio of new numbers is 4 : 5.
5x  8 4
 =
6x  8 5
 25x – 40 = 24x – 32
 25x – 24x = 40 – 32
 x=8
 Required numbers = 5x and 6x become 5  8, 6  8
i.e., Required numbers = 40 and 48
Q19. There are some students in two examination halls A and B. To
make the number of students equal in each hall, 10 students are sent
from A to B. But if 20 students are sent from B to A, the number of
students in A becomes double the number of students in B. Find the
number of students in the two halls.
Sol. Let the number of students initially in hall A be x.
and the number of students initially in hall B be y.
Case I: 10 students of hall A shifted to B
Now, number of students in hall A = (x – 10)
Now, number of students in hall B = (y + 10)
According to the question, number of students in both halls are equal.
\ x –10 = y + 10
 x – y = 20 ...(i)
Case II: 20 students are shifted from hall B to A, then
Number of students in hall A becomes = x + 20
Number of students in hall B becomes = y – 20
According to the question, students in hall A becomes twice of
students in hall B.
 x + 20 = 2(y – 20)
 x + 20 = 2y – 40
 x – 2y = – 60 (ii)
x – y = 20 [From (i)]
– + – [Subtracting eqn. (i) from (ii)]
– y = – 80
 y = 80
Now, x – y = 20 [From (i)]
 x – 80 = 20

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
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 x = 20 + 80
 x = 100
\ Number of students initially in hall A = 100
and number of students initially in hall B = 80
Q20. A shopkeeper gives books on rent for reading. She takes a fixed
charge for the first two days and an additional charge for each day
thereafter. Latika paid ` 22 for a book kept for six days, while Anand
paid ` 16 for the book kept for four days. Find the fixed charges and
the charge for each extra day.
Sol. Let the fixed charges for first two days = `x
Let the additional charges per day after 2 days = ` y
Latika paid ` 22 for six days. [Given]
2 days fixed charges + (6 – 2) days charges = 22
 x + 4y = 22 ...(i)
Anand paid ` 16 for books kept for four days.
2 day’s fixed charges + (4 – 2) day’s additional charges = 16
 x + 2y = 16 ...(ii)
x + 2y = 16 [From (ii)]
x + 4y = 22 [From (i)]
– – – [Subtracting eqn. (i) from (ii)]
– 2y = – 6
 y = ` 3 per day
Now, x + 2y = 16 [From (ii)]
 x + 2(3) = 16
 x = 16 – 6  x = 10
So, the fixed charges for first 2 days = ` 10
The additional charges per day after 2 days = ` 3 per day
Q21. In a competitive examination, 1 mark is awarded for each correct
answer, while 1/2 mark is deducted for every wrong answer. Jayanti
answered 120 questions and got 90 marks. How many questions did
she answer correctly?
Sol. Let the number of questions attempted correctly = x
Number of questions answered = 120
So, wrong answer attempted = (120 – x)
Marks awarded for right answer = 1  x = x marks
1
Marks deducted for (120 – x) wrong answer = (120  x)
Totals marks awarded = 90 2
1
\ x  (120  x) = 90   60  = 90
2
x 3x
 x = 90 + 60  = 150
2 2

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
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150  2
 x=  x = 100
3
Hence, Jayanti answered 100 questions correctly.
Q22. The angles of a cyclic quadrilateral ABCD are A = (6x + 10)°,
B = (5x)°, C = (x + y)°, D = (3y – 10)°. Find x and y, and hence the
values of four angles.
Sol. The sum of opposite angles of a cyclic ABCD is 180° so
A + C = 180° [Opposite s of cyclic ]
 (6x + 10) + (x + y) = 180°
 6x + 10 + x + y = 180°
 7x + y = 170° ...(i)
Also, B + D = 180°
 5x + (3y – 10) = 180°
 5x + 3y = 180° + 10°
 5x + 3y = 190 (ii)
21x + 3y = 510 ...(iii) [From (i)]
– – –
– 16x = – 320 [Subtracting eqn. (i) from (ii)]
320
 x=  x = 20
16
Now, 7x + y = 170 [From (i)]
 7(20) + y = 170
 y = 170 – 140
 y = 30
and x = 20
\ A = (6x + 10)° = (6  20 + 10)° = (120 + 10)° = 130°
B = (5x)° = (5  20)° = 100°
C = (x + y)° = (20 + 30)° = 50°
D = (3y – 10)° = (3  30 – 10)° = (90 – 10)° = 80°
Hence, the values of x and y are 20 and 30 respectively. A, B , C,
and D are 130°, 100°, 50°, 80° respectively.

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

EXERCISE 3.4
Q1. Graphically, solve the following pair of equations 2x + y = 6 and
2x – y + 2 = 0. Find the ratio of the areas of the two triangles formed by the
lines representing these equations with the x-axis and the lines with the
y-axis.
Sol. Given equation is 2x + y = 6
 y= 6  2 x ...(i)
If x = 0, y = 6 – 2(0) = 6
x = 1, y = 6 – 2(1) = 6 – 2 = 4

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

x = 2, y = 6 – 2(2) = 6 – 4 = 2
x 0 1 2
y 6 4 2
I A B C
Given equation is 2x – y + 2 = 0
 y 2x  2 ...(ii)
If x = 0, y = 2(0) + 2 = 0 + 2 = 2
x = 1, y = 2(1) + 2 = 2 + 2 = 4
x = 2, y = 2(2) + 2 = 4 + 2 = 6
x 0 1 2
y 2 4 6
II D E F
1
The area of  BGH formed by lines and X axis = GH  BJ
2
1 1
= [3  (  1)]  (4  0) =  4  4 = 8 sq. units
2 2
+2

Y
2x

I 8 II
y=

6)
(0,
A
6
F(2,6)
E
4
K B(1,4)
D C(2,2)
y=

2
6–

(–1,0)
2x

X –2 G J 1 2 3 4 5 X

Scale: X and Y axis

Y 5 divisions = 1 unit

1
The area of  BAD formed by lines and Y axis = AD  KB
2
1 1
= (6  2)  (1  0) =  4  1 = 2 sq. units
2 2
Area  BGH 8 4
∴ Ratio of areas of two s =    4:1
Area  BAD 2 1

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Q2. Determine graphically the vertices of the triangle formed by the

lines y = x, 3y = x, and x + y = 8.
Sol. Given equations are
y=x ...(i)
x = 3y ...(ii)
x+y = 8 ...(iii)
 y = 8–x [From (iii)]
If x = 0, y = 8–0=8
x = 1, y = 8–1=7
x = 2, y = 8–2=6
y=8–x III J K L M
x 0 1 2 8
y 8 7 6 0

y=x I A B C D
x 0 1 2 3
y 0 1 2 3
x = 3y II E F G H
x 0 1 2 3
y 0 3 6 9

Hence, the vertices of D GNA formed by 3 lines are G(2, 6), N(4, 4) and
A(0, 0).

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Q3. Draw the graphs of the equations x = 3, x = 5, and 2x – y – 4 = 0.

Also find the area of the quadrilateral formed by the lines and the
x-axis.
Sol. The given equations are
x=3 ...(i)
x=5 ...(ii)
2x – y – 4 = 0 ...(iii)

}
 y = 2x – 4 y = 2x – 4
If x = 0, then y = 2(0) – 4 = 0 – 4 = – 4 x 0 1 2 3 4
x = 1, then y = 2(1) – 4 = 2 – 4 = – 2 y –4 –2 0 2 4
x = 2, then y = 2(2) – 4 = 4 – 4 = 0  III G H J K L
x = 3, then y = 2(3) – 4 = 6 – 4 = 2
x = 4, then y = 2(4) – 4 = 8 – 4 = 4
x=3 x=5
x 3 3 3 x 5 5 5
y 1 2 3 y 3 4 5
I A B C II D E F

Y
8
I II III

6
N
F
4 L
E
C D
2 B
A
J M
X 2 P 4 6 8 10 X
–2 H
= 0
x=3

x=5
–4
–y

–4 G
2x

–6
III

–8 Scale on X and Y axis

5 divisions = 1 unit
Y

The coordinates of the vertices of the required PMNB are P(3,0),

M(5,0), N(5,6) and B(3,2)

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

The quadrilateral formed by these given three lines and x-axis is

PMNB. It is trapezium. So, area of the required trapezium
1
= (BP + MN)  PM
2
1
= [(2  0)  (6  0)] (5  3)
2
1
=  8  2 = 8 square units
2
Hence, the area of required PMNB = 8 square units.
Q4. The cost of 4 pens and 4 pencil boxes is ` 100. Three times the cost
of a pen is ` 15 more than the cost of a pencil box. Form the pair of
linear equations for the above situation. Find the cost of a pen and a
pencil box.
Sol. Let the cost of a pen = ` x
Let the cost of a pencil box = ` y
 The cost of 4 pens and 4 pencil boxes = ` 100 [Given]
4x + 4y = 100 ...(i)
x + y = 25 ...(ii) [By dividing (i) by 4]
Accoding to the second condition, we have
3x = y + 15
3x – y = 15 (iii)
x + y = 25 (ii)
4x = 40 [Adding (ii) and (iii)]
40
 x= = 10
4
Now, x + y = 25 [From (ii)]
 10 + y = 25 [ x = 10)]
 y = 25 – 10 = ` 15
So, x = ` 10 and y = ` 15
Hence, the cost of a pen and a pencil box are ` 10 and ` 15 respectively.
Q5. Determine, algebraically, the vertices of the triangle formed by the
lines, 3x – y = 3, 2x – 3y = 2 and x + 2y = 8.
Sol. Given linear equations are
3x – y = 3 ...(i)
2x – 3y = 2 ...(ii)
x + 2y = 8 ...(iii)
Let the intersecting points of lines (i) and (ii) is A, and of lines (ii) and
(iii) is B and that of lines (iii) and (i) is C.

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

The intersecting point of (ii) and (i) can be find out by solving (i)
and (ii) for (x, y).
3x – y = 3 [From (i)]
2x – 3y = 2 [From (ii)]
9x – 3y = 9 ...(iv) [Multiplying eqn. (i) by 3]
2x – 3y = 2 [From (ii)]
– + –
7x = 7 [By subtracting (ii) from (iv)]
7
 x=  x=1
7
Now, 3x – y = 3 [From (i)]
 3(1) – y = 3 [ x = 1]
 – y = 3 – 3  –y = 0  y = 0
So, intersecting point of eqns. (i) and (ii) is A(1, 0).
Similarly, intersecting point B of eqns. (ii) and (iii) can be find out as
follows:
2x – 3y = 2 [From (ii)]
x + 2y = 8 [From (iii)]
2x – 3y = 2 [From (ii)]
2x + 4y = 16 ...(v) [By multiplying (iii) by 2]
– – –
–7y = –14 [Subtracting (v) from (ii)]
14
 y=  y=2
7
Now, x + 2y = 8 [From (iii)]
 x + 2(2) = 8
 x = 8–4
 x=4
So, the coordinates of B are (4, 2).
Similarly, for intersecting point C of eqns. (i) and (iii), we have
3x – y = 3 [From (i)]
x + 2y = 8 [From (iii)]
Multiplying (i) by 2, we get
6x – 2y = 6 ...(vi)
x + 2y = 8 [From (iii)]
7x = 14 [Adding (vi) and (iii)]
14
 x=  x=2
7

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Now, 3x – y = 3 [From (i)]

 3(2) – y = 3
 –y = 3–6
 –y = –3  y=3
So, point C is (2, 3).
Hence, the vertices of ABC formed by given three linear equations are
A(1, 0), B(4, 2) and C(2, 3).
Q6. Ankita travels 14 km to her home partly by rikshaw and partly
by bus. She takes half an hour if she travels 2 km by rikshaw and
the remaining distance by bus. On the other hand, if she travels 4 km
by rikshaw and the remaining distance by bus, she takes 9 minutes
longer. Find the speed of the rikshaw and of the bus.
Sol. Let the speed of rikshaw = x km/hr
and let the speed of bus = y km/hr
Distance 2
Case I: Time taken by rikshaw to travel 2 km = = hr
Speed x
12
Time taken by bus to travel (14 – 2) km (remaining) = hr
y
1
Total time taken by rikshaw (2 km) and bus (12 km) = hr
2
2 12 1
  = ...(i)
x y 2
4
Case II: Time taken by rikshaw to travel 4 km = hr
x
10
Time taken by bus to travel remaining (14 – 4) km = hr
y
1
 Total time in case II = hr  9 min
2
4 10 1 9 4 10 30  9
\  = hr  hr   =
x y 2 60 x y 60
4 10 39 4 10 13
  =   = ...(ii)
x y 60 x y 20
Multiplying equation (i) by 2, we get
4 24 2
 = ...(iii)
x y 2
Now, subtracting (iii) from (ii), we get
4 10 13
+ =
x y 20

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

4 24 2
+ =
x y 2
– – —
10 24 13 2
 = 
y y 20 2
10  24 13  20 14 7
 =   =
y 20 y 20
14  20
 7y = 14  20  y=
7
 y = 40 km/hr
2 12 1
Now,  = [From (i)]
x y 2
2 12 1 2 1 3
  =  = 
x (40) 2 x 2 10
2 53 2 2
 =  =
x 10 x 10
 x = 10 km/hr
Hence, the speeds of rikshaw and bus are 10 km/hr and 40 km/hr
respectively.
Q7. A person, rowing at the rate of 5 km/hr in still water, takes thrice
as much time in going 40 km upstream as in going 40 km downstream.
Find the speed of the stream.
Sol. Let the speed of the stream be x km/hr.
And, the speed of the boat in still water = 5 km/hr
Speed of the boat upstream = (5 – x) km/hr
Speed of the boat downstream = (5 + x) km/hr
40
Time taken in rowing 40 km upstream = hrs
5x
40
Time taken in rowing 40 km downstream = hrs
5x
According to the question, we have
Time taken in 40 km upstream = 3  Time taken in 40 km downstream
40 3  40
 =
5x 5x
1 3
 =
5x 5x
 –3x + 15 = x + 5

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
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 –3x – x = 5 – 15
 – 4x = –10
10
 x=
4
 x = 2.5 km/hr
Hence, the speed of stream is 2.5 km/hr.
Q8. A motorboat can travel 30 km upstream and 28 km downstream
in 7 hrs. It can travel 21 km upstream and return in 5 hours. Find the
speed of the boat in still water and the speed of the stream.
Sol. Let speed of boat in still water = x km/hr
and the speed of the stream = y km/hr
Speed of motor boat upstream = (x – y) km/hr
Speed of motor boat downstream = (x + y) km/hr
30
Case I: Time taken by motor boat in 30 km upstream = hr
xy
28
Time taken by motor boat in 28 km downstream = hr
xy
30 28
  =7
( x  y) ( x  y)
 15 14 
 2  =7
 ( x  y ) ( x  y) 
15 14 7
  = ...(i)
xy xy 2
21
Case II: Time taken by motor boat in 21 km upstream = hr
xy
21
Time taken by motor boat to return 21 km downstream = hr
xy
21 21
  =5
xy xy
 1 1 
 21    =5
x  y x  y
1 1 5
  = ...(ii)
xy xy 21
15 14 7
 = [From (i)]
xy xy 2
As equations (both) are symmetric to (x – y) and (x + y) so we can
eliminate either (x – y) or (x + y).

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

Multiplying (ii) by 14, we get

14 14 70
+ = ...(iii)
( x  y) ( x  y) 21
15 14 7
+ = [From (i)]
( x  y) xy 2
– – – [Subtracting (i) from (iii)]
14 15 10 7
– = 
( x  y) ( x  y) 3 2
14  15 20  7  3
 =
( x  y) 32
1 1
 =
( x  y) 6
 (x – y) = 6 ...(iv)
Now, substituting x – y = 6 in (ii), we have
1 1 5
 =
( x  y) ( x  y) 21
1 1 5 1 5 1
  =  = 
6 ( x  y) 21 ( x  y) 21 6
1 257 1 1 3
 =  =
( x  y) 372 ( x  y) 42
1 1
 =
( x  y) 14
 x + y = 14 ...(v)
x– y = 6 [From (iv)]
2x = 20 [Subtracting (iv) from (v)]
 x = 10 km/hr
Now, x + y = 14 [From (v)]
 10 + y = 14
 y = 4 km/hr
Hence, the speed of motorboat and stream are 10 km/hr and 4 km/hr
respectively.
Q9. A two-digit number is obtained by either multiplying the sum of
the digits by 8 and then subtracting 5 or by multiplying the difference
of the digits by 16 and then adding 3. Find the number.
Sol. Let the two digit number = xy
= 10 x + y

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

According to the question:

Number = 8(x + y) – 5
 10x + y = 8x + 8y – 5
 10x – 8x + y – 8y = –5
 2x – 7y = –5 ...(i)
Also, Number = 16(x – y) + 3 = 10x + y
 10x + y = 16x – 16y + 3
 –6x + 17y = 3 ...(ii)
Multiplying (i) by 3, we get
6x – 21y = –15 ...(iii)
Adding (iii) and (ii), we have
– 6x+ 17y = 3
6x– 21y = – 15
– 4y = – 12
 y=3
Now, 2x – 7y = –5 [From (i)]
 2x – 7(3) = – 5
 2x = – 5 + 21
 2x = 16
 x=8
So, the number is xy = 83.
We can also find another number if possible.
16(y – x) + 3 = 10x + y
 16y – 16x + 3 = 10x + y
 –16x –10x + 16y – y = – 3
 –26x + 15y = –3 ...(iv)
– 26x+ 15y = – 3 ...(iv)
26x– 91y = – 65 (i)  13
– 76y = – 68 [Adding above 2 eqns.]
68 17
 y= =
76 19
But x, y can never be in fraction or negative.
Hence, the required number = 83
Q10. A railway half ticket costs half the full fare, but the reservation
charges are the same on a half ticket as on a full ticket. One reserved
first class ticket from the station A to B costs ` 2530. Also, one reserved

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

first class ticket and one reserved first class half ticket from station A
to B costs ` 3810. Find the full first class fare from station A to B, and
also the reservation charges for a ticket.
Sol. Let the cost of full fare from station A to B = ` x
and the reservation charges per ticket = ` y
Cost of one full ticket from A to B = ` 2530
i.e., (1 fare + 1 reservation) charges = ` 2530
i.e., x + y = 2530 ...(i)
Cost of 1 full and one, half ticket from station A to B = ` 3810
i.e., (1 full ticket) + (1/2 ticket) charges = ` 3810
i.e., (x + y) + (1/2 fare + reservation) = 3810
1
i.e., ( x  y )  x  y = 3810
2
3
 x  2 y = 3810
2
 3x + 4y = 7620 ...(ii)
Multiplying (i) by 3, we get
3x + 3y = 7590 ...(iii)
Subtracting (iii) from (ii), we get
3x+ 4y = 7620 ...(ii)
3x+ 3y = 7590 (iii)
– – –
y = ` 30
Now, x + y = 2530 [From (i)]
 x + 30 = 2530 ( y = 30)
 x = 2530 – 30
 x = ` 2500
Hence, full fare and reservation charges of a ticket from station A to B
are ` 2500 and ` 30 respectively.
Q11. A shopkeeper sells a saree at 8% profit and a sweater at 10%
discount; thereby getting a sum of ` 1008. If she had sold saree at 10%
profit and the sweater at 8% discount. She would have got ` 1028,
then find out the cost price of the saree and the list price (price before
discount) of the sweater.
Sol. Let the cost price of a saree = ` x
and the list price of sweater = ` y
Case I:
(S.P. of saree at 8% profit) + (S.P. of a sweater at 10% discount)= ` 1008
(100  8) (100  10)
 x y = 1008
100 100

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

 108x + 90y = 100800

 6x + 5y = 5600 ...(i)
Case II:
(S.P. of saree at 10% profit) + (S.P. of a sweater at 8% discount)= ` 1028
(100  10) (100  8)
 x y = 1028
100 100
 110x + 92y = 102800 ...(ii)
Dividing (ii) by 2, we have
55x + 46y = 51400 ...(iii)
Again, multiplying (iii) by 5, we get
275x + 230y = 257000 ...(iv)
Multiplying (i) by 46, we get
276x + 230y = 257600 ...(v)
Subtracting (v) from (iv), we get
275x + 230y = 257000 ...(iv)
276x + 230y = 257600 ...(v)
– – –
–x = 257000 – 257600
 –x = – 600
 x = ` 600
Now, 6x + 5y = 5600 [From (i)]
 6  600 + 5y = 5600 [Q x = 600]
 5y = 5600 – 3600
2000
 y=
5
 y = 400
Hence, the C.P. of a saree and L.P. of sweater are ` 600, ` 400 respectively.
Q12. Susan invested certain amount of money in two schemes A
and B, which offer interest at the rate of 8% per annum and 9% per
annum respectively. She received ` 1860 as annual interest. However,
had she interchanged the amount of investments in two schemes, she
would have received ` 20 more as annual interest. How much money
did she invest in each scheme?
Sol. Let the money invested in scheme A = ` x
and the money invested in scheme B = ` y
Case I: Susan invested ` x at 8% p.a. + Susan invested ` y at 9%
p.a. = 1860

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
Two Variables NCERT Exemplar - Class 10

x81 y91
  = 1860
100 100
 8x + 9y = 186000 ...(i)
Case II: Interchanging the amount in schemes A and B, we have
9x 8y
 = (1860 + 20)
100 100
 9x + 8y = 188000 ...(ii)
Adding (i) and (ii), we get
9x+ 8y = 188000 ...(ii)
8x+ 9y = 186000 ...(i)
17x+ 17y = 374000

 x + y = 22000 ...(iii)
On subtracting (i) and (ii), we get x – y = 2000 ...(iv)
Now, x – y = 2000 ...(iv)
x + y = 22000 ...(iii)
2x = 24000 [Adding (iv) and (iii)]
 x = ` 12000
Now, x + y = 22000 [From (iii)]
 y = 22000 – 12000
 y = ` 10,000
Hence, the amount invested in schemes A and B are ` 12000 and
` 10,000 respectively.
Q13. Vijay had some bananas and he divided them into two lots A and
B. He sold the first lot at the rate of ` 2 for 3 bananas and the second lot
at the rate of ` 1 per banana and got total of ` 400. If he had sold the
first lot at the rate of ` 1 per banana and the second lot at the rate of
` 4 for 5 bananas, his total collection would have been ` 460. Find the
total number of bananas he had.
Sol. Let the number of bananas in lot A = x
and the number of bananas in lot B = y
Case I: S.P. of 3 bananas of lot A = ` 2
2
 S.P. of 1 banana of lot A = `
3
2
 S.P. of x bananas of lot A = x
3
Now, S.P. of 1 banana of lot B = ` 1
 S.P. of y bananas of lot B = ` y

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 Chapter 3 - Pair of Linear Equations in
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2x
 y = 400
3
 2x + 3y = 1200 ...(i)
4
Case II: x y = 460
5
 5x + 4y = 2300 ...(ii)
Multiplying (i) by 4, we get
8x + 12y = 4800 ...(iii)
Also, multiplying (ii) by 3, we get
15x + 12y = 6900 ...(iv)
Now, 15x + 12y = 6900 ...(iv)
8x + 12y = 4800 ...(iii)
– – –
7x = 2100 [On subtracting (iii) from (iv)]
2100
 x=
7
 x = 300
Now, 2x + 3y = 1200 [From (i)]
 2(300) + 3y = 1200
 3y = 1200 – 600
600
 y=
3
 y = 200
Hence, the total number of bananas = (x + y) = (300 + 200) = 500.

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