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4 views

ERGON intro current

Uploaded by

Ayu Yusrika
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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You are on page 1/ 36

Prof. Dr.

Tan Malaka,MOH,DrPH,SpOK,HIU
Ketua Majelis Higiene Industri Indonesia (MHII)
IKM-KK FK Unsri
Batasan
Ergon = Kerja;
Nomos = Hukum;
Ergonomi bertujuan mendisain
peralatan, sistim teknik dan tugas-
tugas untuk memperbaiki keselamatan,
kesehatan, kenyamanan dan kinerja.
(Safety, Health, Comfort, Productivity)
Ergonomics Defined
Ergonomic is the term applied to the
field that studies and designs the
human-machine interface to prevent
illness and injury and to improve work
performance.
The science of making job fit the
worker.
Interaksi Manusia - Mesin

Manusia

Mesin
Lingkungan
Human Error
Saat ini mesin-mesin sebagian besar
sudah didisain untuk disesuaikan
dengan kemampuan manusia;
Namun tugas yang diberikan dapat
berlebihan sehingga:
Probabilitas terjadinya Human Error
akan meningkat.
Gejala Awal Problem Ergonomik

Bengkak
Pegal
Kesemutan
Tidak Nyaman
Rasa Terbakar
Iritasi
Sulit Tidur
Kekakuan
Pencegahan Kelainan Otot dan Rangka

15 - 20 % pekerja sektor manufaktur mengalami


CTDs (NIOSH):

50 % kasus ini karena problim ergonomik;

Akibat ketegangan (stress) sistim otot;

Stress otot rangka akibat dua hal utama yakni:

 Static muscle load (beban otot statik);

 Awkward posture (postur kerja yang salah).


Antropometri
Salah satu kekeliruan yang sering dibuat
adalah menyediakan peralatan,
contohnya tempat duduk, dengan ukuran
rata-rata orang. Bagaimana dengan yang
tinggi dan yang pendek ?

Seharusnya dipakai konsep 95% populasi


(95 percentile value).
Faktor Lainnya
Lingkungan:
 Thermal
 Illumination
 Vibration
Duration (lamanya Terpapar)
Shift Work
Tiga Area Pengelolaan
Disain Tugas (task design):
 Kemampuan fisik dan psikologik pekerja;
 Repetitif dan non repetitif; dll.
Disain Tempat Kerja (workplace design):
 Faktor lingkungan dan peralatan;
Organisasi kerja (Work organization):
 Work-rest regime;
 Work shift (biological clock).
Ergonomic Program
Ergonomics program is a systematic process for
anticipating, identifying, analyzing and
controlling WMSD hazards.
A process is the activities, procedures and
practices that you set up to control WMSD
hazards.
Systematic means these actions are ongoing and
conducted on some routine basis that is
appropriate to the workplace conditions.
PROGRAM GOALS
The Primary permanent goals of this program are:
 Reduction in injuries & illnesses (menurunkan
freq penyakit dan rudapaksa);
 Reduction in absenteeism (mengurangi absensi
karena sakit);
 Reduction in employee turnover (mengurangi feq
pegawai yang berhenti);
 Increased productivity & quality (meningkatkan
kualitas dan produktifitas).
Program Elements
 Management Leadership & Employee
Participation
 Hazard Identification & Information
 Job Hazard Analysis & Control
 Training
 MSD Medical Management
 Program Evaluation
 Records
CONTROL METHODS
 Engineering Controls:  Administrative Controls:
 Workstations  Employee rotation
 Tools  Job task enlargement
 Facilities  Adjustment of work pace
 Equipment (e.g., slower pace)
 Materials  Redesign of work methods
 Processes  Alternative tasks
 Rest breaks
Work Practice Control
 Work Practice Controls are controls that reduce the
likelihood of exposure to MSD hazards through alteration
of the manner in which a job or physical work activities
are performed.
 Work practice controls also act on the source of the
hazard. However, instead of physical changes to the
workstation or equipment, the protection work practice
controls provide is based upon the behavior of
managers, supervisors and employees to follow proper
work methods.
 Work practice controls include procedures for safe and
proper work that are understood and followed by
managers, supervisors and employees.
EMPLOYEE TRAINING
Employee Training topics include:
 The requirements of the OSHA Standard
 The ergonomics program and the employee's role in it
 The signs and symptoms of MSDs and ways of reporting
them;
 The risk factors and any MSD hazards in the employee's
job, as identified by the Basic Screening Tool and job
hazard analysis
 Company plan and timetable for addressing the MSD
hazards identified
 The controls used to address MSD hazards
 Employee’s role in evaluating the effectiveness of
controls.
RECORD KEEPING
 Employee reports of MSDs, MSD signs and
symptoms, and MSD hazards
 Company response to such reports
 Job hazard analyses
 Hazard control measures
 Quick fix process
 Ergonomics program evaluations
 Work restrictions, time off of work, and HCP
opinions
Pregnant workers to be protected
Tabel: Rate per sepuluh ribu pekerja dari penyakit
musculoskeletal (recordable musculoskeletal injuries
and illnesses) berdasarkan OSHA log 200.

Fasilitas Nursing dan personal care 173.5


Pelayanan Kesehatan Rumah 105.1
Rumah sakit 93.6
Transportasi 80.0
Konstruksi 70.1
Manufaktur 48.2
Pertanian 46.0
Finance, dll 12.4
All private industry 46.9
Musculo-sceletal Diseases (MSDs)
 Back Disorders
 Acute back injuries
 Chronic back injuries
 Shoulder Disorders
 Knee Injuries
 Cummulative Trauma Disorders
 Carpal Tunnel syndrome
 Wrist tendonitis
 HAVs
 Epicondylitis
 Neck Injuries
Needs a better lighting
Noise and Heat:
No ear plug
Bending and Vibration
Automotive Industry
Vibration: Whole body or Hand arm?
Heavy Equipment: Vibration – Whole body
BACK REACH
Bending & low back pain
Butts up induces back pain
Double Jeopardy ?
Load Leveler (good example)

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