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9_WAVEOPTICS

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9_WAVEOPTICS

Uploaded by

P Rahul
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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WAVW OPTICS

SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTIONS

1. What type of wavefront will emerge from a (i) point source, and (ii) distance light
source? (2)
2. How the angular separation and visibility of fringes in Young will’s double slit
experiment change when (i) screen is moved away from the plane of the slits, and (ii)
width of the source slit is increased? (2)
3. Why no interference pattern is observed when two coherent sources are (i) infinitely
close (ii) far apart from each other. (2)
4. In a single-slit diffraction experiment, the width of the slit is made double the original
width. How does this affect the size and intensity of the central diffraction band? (2)
5. A parallel beam of light of 500nm falls on a narrow slit and the resulting
diffraction pattern is observed on a screen 1m away. It is observed that the first
minimum is at a distance of 2.5mm away from the centre of the screen. Calculate
the width of the slit. (2)
6. Anarrowslitisilluminatedbyaparallelbeamofmonochromaticlightofwavelengthλequals to
6000 Å and the angular width of the central maxima in the resulting diffraction pattern is
measured. When the slit is next illuminated by light of wavelength λ’, the angular width
decreases by 30%. Calculate the value of the wavelengthλ’. (2)
7. . In Young’s double slit experiment the two slits 0.15 mm apart are illuminated by
monochromatic light of wavelength 450 nm . The screen is 1m away from slit. Find the
distance of second bright fringes from the central maximum. (2)
8. For a single slit of width ‘a’, the first minimum of the interference pattern of a
λ λ
monochromatic light of wavelength λ occurs at an angle of .At the same angle of , we
a a
get a maximum for two narrow slits separated by a distance “a”. Explain. (2)
9. State two conditions to obtain sustained interference of light (2)
10. Two Sources of Intensity I and 4I are used in an interference experiment. Find the
intensity at points where the waves from two sources superimpose with a phase
difference (i) zero (ii) π/2 (iii) π. (3)
11. Define the term wavefront. Using Huygen’s wave theory, verify the law of reflection.(3)
12. (a) Can the interference pattern be produced by two independent monochromatic sources
of light? Explain.
(b) The intensity at the central maximum (O) in a Young’s double slit experimental set-
up shown in the figure is IO. If the distance OP equals one-third of the fringe width of the
pattern, show that the intensity at point P, would equal 4 IO . (3)

13) Verify Snell’s Law using Hygiene’s Wave Theory. (3)


14) Write differences between Interference and Diffraction. (3)
15) Two coherent sources whose intensity ratio is 81:1 produce interference fringes.
Calculate the ratio of intensity of maxima and minima in the interference pattern? (3)

SOLUTION OF SHORT ANSWER TYPE QUESTION (WAVE OPTICS)

1) (I) Spherical wave front (ii) Plane Wavefront.

2) . (i) Angular separation = β / D = λ/d


It is independent of D; therefore, angular separation remains unchanged if screen is
moved away from the slits. But the actual separation between fringes β = D λ/d increases,
so visibility of fringes increases.
(ii) When width of source slit is increased, then the angular fringe width remains
unchanged but fringes becomes less and less sharp; so visibility of fringes decreases. If
the condition s/S =λ/d is not satisfied, the interference pattern disappears.
3) : Fringe width in interference pattern, β = D λ/d
(i) When sources are infinitely close, the fringe width will be too large. In such a case
even a single fringe may occupy the whole screen; hence no interference pattern is
observed.
(ii) When sources are far apart from each other; ‘d’ will be very large, so fringe width
will be too small, the fringes will appear overlapped; hence no interference pattern is
observed.

4) In single slit diffraction experiment fringe width is, β = 2Dλ / d


If d is doubled, the width of central maxima is halved. Thus size of central maxima is
reduced to half. Intensity of diffraction pattern varies square of slit width. So, when the
slit gets double, it makes the intensity four times.
5) Given: λ=500nm = 5 x 10 -7 m, D=1m, Position of first minima, x = 2.5mm = 2.5 x 10-3
m, d =?
Calculations: Position of first diffraction minima, x = λ D/d
Or 2.5 x 10-3 = (5 x 10 -7 x 1) / d
Or d = (5 x 10 -7) /2.5 x 10-3 = 2 x 10-4m = 0.2 mm
6) Angular width of central maxima,β0 =2λ/d
When wavelength changes, β0’ =2λ’/d =0.7 β0
Calculation and result λ’ =4200 A0
7) x= nλD/d ,
x= 2 x 450 x 10-9/0.15x10-3 = 6 x 10-3m
8) Case I : The overlapping of the contributions of the wavelets from two halves of a single
slit produces a minimum because corresponding wavelets from two halves have a path
difference of λ/2.
Case II: The overlapping of wavefronts from the two slits produces first maximum
because these wavefronts have the path difference of λ .

9) (a) the two light sources should be coherent


(b) the two light sources should be narrow and placed close to each other. ( any other can
also be accepted)

The resultant intensity at a point where phase difference is Φ is I R = I1 +I2+2√I1I2 Cos Φ


10) As I1 =I and I2 = 4I therefore I R = I +4I+2√I.4I Cos Φ = 5I +4I cos Φ
(i) when Φ =0 , I R = 5I +4I cos 0 = 9 I;
(ii) (ii) when Φ =π/2 , I R = 5I +4I cos π/2 = 5 I
(iii) when Φ =π , I R = 5I +4I cos π = I
11) The wave front is a locus of points which oscillate in phase.
Consider a plane wave AB incident at an angle ‘I’ on a reflecting surface MN

let t = time taken by the wave front to advance from B to C. ∴ BC = vt


Let CE represent the tangent plane drawn from the point C to the sphere of radius ‘vt’
having A as its center.
then AE= BC= vt
it follows that
EAC congruent to BAC
Hence Angle of incidence = angle of reflection
12)

13) The figure drawn here shows the refracted wave front corresponding to the given
incident wave front.
It is seen that

sini = BC/AC =v1 t/AC


sinr = AE/ AC = vt/AC
sin i / sin r= v1/v2 = µ21
This is Snell’s law of refraction.
14)

Difference between Diffraction and Interference

Interference Diffraction

Interference may be defined as waves emerging Diffraction, on the other hand, can be termed as
from two different sources, producing different secondary waves that emerge from the different
wavefronts. parts of the same wave.

The intensity of all the points on maxima is of In diffraction, there is a variance of the intensity of
similar intensity in interference. positions.

It is absolutely dark in the region of minimum We see a variance in the intensity of interference in
intensity, in the case of interference. diffraction.

The width of the fringes in interference is equal in The width of the fringes is not equal in interference.
interference.
The sources are referred to as interference sources If the number of sources is more than to
if the number of sources is as few as two sources the sources are referred to as diffraction sources.

15)

Intensity

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