UNIT-1

PART-A
1.Define organization?
" An organization comes into existence when there are number
of persons in communication and relationship to each other and are
willing to contribute to common endeavor"- Barnard.

2.Define Organisational behaviour?

" Organization behaviour is a branch of social sciences that

seeks to build theories that can be applied to predicating,
understanding and controlling behavior in work organisation."-Aldag

3.Give any reason for the study of organisational behaviour?

organizational behaviour is a field of study that investigate the
impact that individuals, group and structure have on behaviour within
organisation for the people of applying such knowledge towards
improving an organizational effectiveness.
The reason for study of organizational behaviors is that is
concerned with individuals, groups and structure and it is the study of
what the people do in an organization and how their behaviour affects
the organisation performance.

4.Indentify the influence in the study of organizational

behaviour.
There is an increasing agreement as to the components topics
that constitute the subject area of organisational behaviour.
Organizational behaviour includes the core topics of motivation, leader
behaviour and power, inter-personal communication, group structure
and process, learning, attitude development and perception, change
process,conflict,work-desgin and work stress.
5.What is organizational behaviour modification?
Organizational behaviour modification is a sophisticated tool for
improving the organizational effectiveness.
1.Desirable behaviour
2.Indentification of critical behaviour
3.Measurement of behaviour
4.Functions of behaviour
5.Interview
6.Evaluation and feedback
This is used to modify or eliminate undesirable behaviour and
replace with the behaviour that is more compatible with goal
attainment.

6.What are the Major dependent variable studies in

Organisational behaviour?

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 A dependent variable is the key factor that we want to explain or
predict and that is affected by some other factor. the primary
dependent variable in organisationl behaviour emphasize on
(i) Productivity
(ii) Absenteeism
(iii) Turnover
(iv) Deviant in work place behaviour
(v) Job satisfaction.

7.What are the challenges For OB?

The challenges faced by organiastional behaviour as follows
(i) Workforce diversity
(ii)Changed employee expectation
(iii) Globalization
(iv) Improving productivity and quality
(v) Changing demographics of workforce
(vi) Stimulating innovation and change
(vii) Empower people
8.What are the stages in organizational model?
Organizational models stages are as follows
(i)Autocratic model
(ii)Custodial model
(iii) Supportive model
(iv) Collegial model
9.Name the disciplines which contribute to the OB field?
Organizational behaviour plays a vital role in discipline area
which contribute are as follows.
(i) Personality
(ii)Attitude
(iii) learning
(iv)Motivation
(v)Perception
(vi)Persuasion
(vii) Psychology
(viii)Sociology
(ix)Social-Psychology
(x)Anthropology
(xi) Industrial psychology
(x) Political science
10.What are the rational and emotional behaviour models?
The behaviourstic theory in psychology and its application to
organisational behaviour its roots can be traced to the work of Ivan
Pavlo . these pioneering behaviourstics stressed the importance of
dealing with observable this is called rational and emotional behaviour
model.

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11.What is Anthropology?
Anthropology is a study of cultural impact or individual
behaviours. it is one cultural heritage that build are value system and
our sense of right and wrong which in term effect our norms of
acceptable behaviour.

12.What is contingency Approach?

It implies that there is no one best way of managing behaviour in
organisation managing but the best way depends upon the situation
and cirumstances
(i) An organisation structure of management authority must
match the demands of its environment.
(ii)An organisation structure of management authority must
coincide with its system of technology

13.How are OB concepts addressed in management functions

rule and skills?
There are four basic and interrelated functions that managers
perform utilizing human, financial, physical and informational
resources in order to achieve the organisatioanl goals. These
managerial functions are planning organizing and controlling. The field
is which the worker has the required skill. the need to possess
technique, interpersonal, conceptual, diagnostic, communicational and
political skill.
14.Explain any two importance of OB?
(i) OB is a human tool for human benefits. it helps in predicating
the behaviour of individuals.
(ii) OB involves three levels of analysis behaviour- individual
behaviour group behaviour and behaviour of the organization itself.

15.What is custodial model?

In the custodial model, the managerial orientation is towards the
use of money to pay for employee benefits. the model depends on the
economic resources of the organisation and its ability to pay for the
benefits. which the employees hope to obtain the security, at the same
time they become highly dependent on the organisation.

16.What is supportive model?

The supportive model of organisational behaviour model
depends on the managerial leadership rather than the use of power or
money. The aim of managers is to support employees in their
achievement of results. The focus is primarily on participation and
involvement of employees in their achievement results.

17.What is Autocratic model?

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 In the autocratic model, managerial orientation is towards the
power. managers see authority as the only mean get the things done,
are employees are expected to follow orders. The result is high
dependence on boss.

18.What is collegial model?

Collegial model is an extensive of supportive model. the term
collegial model refers to a body of people having common purpose.
collegial model is based on the team concept in which each employee
develop high degree of understanding towards others and shares
common goals.

19.What is Hawthorne Experiments?

The real beginning of applied research in the are of
organisational behaviour started with Hawthorne Experiments. the
findings of these studies were given a new name 'Human Relations' or
'Human approach' of organisation. In november,1924, a group of
professors from haravard business school, U.S.A began an enquiry into
human aspects of work and working conditions at the hawhorne plant
of western electric company, chicago.

20.What are the conclusions and implication of hawthorne

experiments?
1.Social factors in output
2.Groups
3.Leadership
4.Communication
5.Conflict
6. Supervision
21.What are the human behaviour approaches?
Human relations, which assume that happy workers are
productive workers, that behavioural scientists have been goal and
efficiency, oriented and consider the understanding of human
behaviour to be the major means to that end. This approach has
emphasized on the following things (i) Motivation and leading of
employee (ii) Introduction of organizational change(iii)Conflict
management.(iv)integration of individuals and organizational
goals(v)Group dynamics.

22.Describe stimulus Response model (SR Model).

S-R model of human behaviour suggest that the behaviour is
caused by certain reasons. The reasons may be internal feelings
(Motivation) and external environment (Stimulus). A stimulus is agent
such as, heat light, piece of information,etc. that directly influence the
activity of an organism(person).

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23. Who is Rational-Economic Man?
The Rational Man bases it on the doctrine of maximizing of self-
interest. There are two elements in this maximization. First, man is
able to
Calculate the cost of the efforts for getting any inducement. Second he
is able to know the alternatives available.

24.Who is social Man?

Social man concept is based on doctrine that man being of these
society, is influenced by social forces and seeks to satisfaction of those
needs which are in tune with maximizing social relationship.

25.Who is Self-actualizing Man?

Self-actualizing man concept is a further extension of social man
organization models. The assumptions of social man concept about the
nature of work that it has become meaningless because high degree of
division of labour and specialization is true.
UNIT-I
PART-B

1.Define OB and state its key elements?

 Introduction
 People
 Structure
 Technology
 Environment
 Conclusion
2.Explain the nature and scope of organizational behaviour?
 Introduction
 Individual behaviour
 Group behaviour
 Organization structure
 Process and application
 Conclusion
3.Explain how other disciplines contribute to the study of OB?
 Introduction
 Psychology
 Sociology
 Social psychology
 Anthropology
 Political science
 Conclusion
4. What are the challenges and opportunities for OB?
 Introduction
 Responding Globalization
 Increased foreign assignments

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  Working with people form different
 Culture
 Work force diversity
 Coping with ant capitalism backlash
 Managing people during the war on terror
 Conclusion.
5. Trace the early history of human relation and organizational
behaviour?
 Introduction
 Historical origin
 Early development
 Mayo and Reothlisberger
 Expanding Popularity
 Conclusion
6.Comment on the statement “organizations Need people
and people need Organization”
 Introduction
 Social system
 Mutual interest
 Conclusion

7.Discuss fundamental concept that from the foundation of

organizational behaviour.
 Introduction
 The Nature of people
 The nature of the organization
 A whole person
 Caused behaviour
 Value of the person
 Conclusion
8.Discuss the briefly classical organization theory of Fayol
 Introduction
 Technical
 Commercial
 Financial
 Security
 Accounting
 Managerial
 Conclusion
9.Discuss the transitional theories Profounder by marry parker
follet and Chester Barnd
 Introduction
 Mary Parker Pollet
 Conclusion
10.Describe the role of modern manager in the present
organizational context.

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  Introduction
 The changed role a manager in the present environment
 Creativity
 Teamwork
 Employee participation
 Healthy industrial relations
 Leadership behaviour
 Effective communication
 Motivation
 Conclusion
11.What is the basic approach of OB?
 Introduction
 A human resources(supportive approach)
 A contingency approach
 A productivity approach
 A system approach
 Ob Represent constant interaction between structure and
process variables
 Conclusion
12.What are the models of organizational behaviour?
 Introduction.
 Autocratic model
 Custodial model
 Supportive model
 Collegial model

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 Unit-II
PART-A
1.Explain in classical conditioning?
Repetitive association between stimulus and response learns
state the conditioning theory behaviour
S-Stimulus
R-Response
They are mentioned four assumptions
1. Un conditional stimulus
2. Unconditional responses
3. Conditioned stimulus
4. Conditioned stimulus

2.Explain component model of attitude.

1.Affective (Feelings, sentiments, emotions, the person event or
object)
2.Congnitive (opinion. knowledge, information)
3.Behaviour

3.Define personality relate OB?

'Personality is set of characteristics and tendencies that
determine those commonalities and differences in behaviour(thoughts,
feelings and actions) of people that have continuity in time and that
may not be easily understood as the sole result of the social and
biological pressures of the movement'- Maddi

4.Define learning.
"Learning is the process by which new behaviours are acquired.
it is generally agreed that learning involves changes in behviour,
practicing new behaviours, and establishing permanency in change"-
Mitichell

5.What is OB modification?
OB modification is the satisficated improving the organization
effectiveness OB modification is the techniques used modified and
replaced the behaviour that is more. the application of reinforcement
concepts to individuals in work setting.

6.Define perception.
'Perception may be defined as a process by which individuals
organize and interpret their sensory impressions in order to give
meaning to their environment'-Robbins

7.Define motivation.
'Motivation is the complex forces starting and keeping a persons
at work in an organisation.Motivation is something that moves the

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persons to action, and continues him in the course of action already
initiated.-Dublin

8.Differnce between Type A personality and Type B

personality.
A person exhibiting type A behaviour is generally relates,
impatient with a desire for quick achievement and perfectionism. Type
B personality is much more than easy going, related about time
pressure, less competitive and more philosophical in nature.

9.What is reinforcement?
Reinforcement is a reward for a desired behavior. The reward
should be sufficiently powerful and durable so that it increase the
profitability of occurrence of desirable behaviour. Money is probably
the most powerful reinforcement for positive behaviour, since money
can be used for a number of other resources. However, some other
positive reinforces are participative decision making, recognition for
job well done, challenging tasks, freedom to decide how the job is to
be done and so on.

10.What are the important of perception?

Perception is the processes by which people organize interpret,
experience, process and use stimulus material in the environment so,
that they satisfy their needs.
Perception is the action by which mind refers its sensation of
these external stimuli of the individual draws his own interpretation
Perception is the one of the important cognitive factor of human
behaviour and essentially a psychological process.

11.What do you mean by condition learning theory?

Condition learning theory means certain Reponses can be
predicted which continuously result from certain induced stimuli. In
pavlov put some meat is unconditioned stimulus which is
unlearned stimulus the dog responded to these stimulus by
salivating.

12.Explain need for achievement (n Ach)

Need for achievement (know as n Ach) accept and perform well
in challenging tasks, which require creativity and hard work. they are
constantly preoccupied with a desire for improvement and look for
situations in which successful outcomes and directly correlated with
their efforts so that they can claim credit for success.

13.What is figure ground principle?

The figure ground principle simply means that we tend to be
attentive to such perceived objects that stand out against a

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background.

14.What is job satisfaction?

Job satisfaction can be defined as the extent which of positive
feelings or
attitudes that individuals have towards their job. A person say that he
has high job satisfaction, it means that the really likes his job, feels
good about and values his job highly.

15.What is expectancy theory?

The expectancy models are based upon the belief that
motivation is determined by the nature of the reward people expects
to get a result of their job performance. People are highly motivated if
they believe that a certain type of behaviour will; leader to certain type
of outcomes and their extent of personal preferences for that type of
outcomes. it has 3 elements
(i) Expectancy (ii) instrumentality (iii) Valence

16.What is X theory?
The negative caballing of human being is X-theory. It based on
some assumptions
(i)Employees are generally dislike work and whenever possible,
will attempt to avoid it
(ii) Since employee dislike work, they must be controlled a
threatened with punishments
(iii) Employees will avoid responsibility

17.What is Y theory of motivation?

Y-Theory is positive view about the nature of human
being. it based on some assumptions
(i) Employees can view work as being as nature as rest or play.
(ii) The average persons can learn to accept their responsibility
(iii) The ability to take innovative decisions.

18.What is mean by hygiene factors?

According to Herzberg, there are ten maintenance or hygiene
factors. these are company policy and administration, technique
supervision, interpersonal relationship with supervisors, interpersonal
relationship with peers, interpersonal relationship with subordinates,
salary, job, but they are related to conditions under which a job is
performed.

19.Whatis mean by growth need?

Growth needs involve the individual making creative efforts to
achieve full potential in existing environment. these includes Maslow
need self-actualization need as well as that the part of the esteem

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need which is internal to the individual like feelings of being unique,
feelings of personal growth.

20.what is equity theory?

Equity theory of work motivation is based on the social exchange
process. This theory has been around just as long as the expectancy
theories of motivation. Basically this theory is point out the people are
motivated to maintain fair relationship between their performance and
reward in comparison to others.

21.What is socio-psychological theory?

Socio-psychological personality theory recognizes the
interdependence of the individual and society. The individuals strive to
meet the needs of the society while society helps the individual to
attain his goal.

22.What are Freudian stages in personality?

The stages of personality development may be found in the
writing of ancient Greek, it was Freud who first formulated a
meaningful stage theory of personality. According to Freud personality
develops as a results on interaction of four main sources of stress.
These are physical growth process, frustration, conflicts, and threats.
These stages can be classified into five categories
(i) Oral stage
(ii) Anal stage
(III Phallic stage
(iv) Latency stage
(v) Genital stage

23.What are the models of man?

(i)Rational-Economic man
(ii) Social man
(iii) Organization man
(iv) self-actualization man

24.Who is rational --economic man?

The rational economic man model is the oldest one. it is based
on the doctrine of maximizing of self-interest by man. There are two
elements in this maximization. First, man is able to calculate the cost
of his efforts for getting any inducement. Second man able to evaluate
all alternatives as well as he is able to know all the alternatives
available.

25.What are the factors causing the individual behaviour?

the variability of human behaviour is the result of operation of
many factors which shape behaviour. All these factors affect the

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human behaviour in one way or other. Some of these factors lie within
the individual himself and others in the situations which he interact.

26.What are the personalities Theory?

(i)Psychoanalytic theory
(ii)Trait theory
(iii) Socio-psychological theory
(iv) Self- theory

27.What is Machiavellianism?
Machiavellianism refers to the manipulation of others as primary
way of achieving one's goals. Mach scale measures the extent to which
an individual tends to be machiavellian. People with high score on
mach scale, tend to be cool, logical in assessing the system around
them. Willing to twist and turn facts to influence others, and try to gain
control of people, events, and situations by manipulating the system to
their advantage.

27.What is Locus of control?

Locus of control means whether people believe that they are in
control of events, or events control them. Those who have internal
locus of control believe that they control shape the course of events in
their lives. Those who have external locus of control tend to believe
that the events occur purely by chance or because of factors beyond
their own control.

28.What is introversion?
Introversion is the tendency in individuals, which directs them
to turn inward and experience and process feeling, thoughts and ideas
within themselves.

29.What is Perceptual process?

Perception is a process in consisting of several sub-process.
We can take an input-throughput-output approach to understand the
dynamics of the perceptual process. this approach emphasizes that
there is input which is processed and gives output.

30.What is mean by interpersonal perception?

Inter personal perception in which the perceiver another person
and the latter becomes stimulus perception.
In perception, there are many more factor which affect the correctness
or in correctness of perception.

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 Unit-II
Part-B
1.What are the determinants of personality? Explain any two
personality attributes in influencing OB?
Introduction - Biological factors Heredity , Brain, Physical
feature, Family and social factors - Socialization Process --
Identification Process - Home environment - Family members
- Social groups - Cultural factors - Situational factors

2.What are the factor influencing perceptions? Explain the

practical use of Perception – Introduction - Internal factor
Needs and desires, Personality, Experience - External factor Size,
Intensity, Frequency, Status, Contrast -
Conclusion.

3. Explain process of OB modification. Why is learning integral

to organizational behaviour modification?
Introduction - Identification for critical behavior - Measurement of
behavior - Functional behavior - Development of an intervention
strategy - System evaluation

4. Explain Herzberg’s theory of motivation?

Introduction - Hygiene factor - Motivation factor - Conclusion

5.Explain theory of learning. How can They used to shape

behaviour
Introduction - Classical conditioning - Operant conditioning - Social
learning - Conclusion

6.What is Perception process? Explain various element of it?

Introduction - Perceptual process – Stimuli - Receiving stimuli -
Selection of stimuli - Organsiation of stimuli - Action - Conclusion

7.Explain perceptual error with suitable example?

Introduction - Selective perception - Halo effect - Contrast effect –
Projection – Stereotyping – Conclusion

8.What is ERG theory of motivation ?

Introduction – Existence – Relatedness – Growth – Conclusion

9.what is the four ways attitude help us respond to the

individuals or objects is a meaningful way example?
Introduction - Communication of additional approval - Disapproval of
particular attitude - Group influence - Inducing engagement is
discrepant behavior - Conclusion

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10.What are the factors influencing perception? How the
Perception process is managed?
Introduction - Time of the day - Level of expectancy - Position body -
Construction type - Rumors and gossip - Managing perception process -
Collect information - Take time - Check attributions - Conclusion

11.What do you understand by learning? Discuss the elements

which the elements. Which from part of learning process?
Introduction – Drive - Cue stimuli – Generalization – Discrimination -
Response
Reinforcement – Retention – Extinction - Spontaneous Recovery -
Conclusion

12.What are the four basic forms of reinforcement in

organizations?
Introduction - Positive and negative reinforcement - Extrinsic and
intrinsic reinforcement - Primary and secondary reinforcement -
Administering reinforcement - Conclusion

13.Discuss the measures for improving Managerial perception?

Introduction - Interpersonal working Relationship - Selection of
employee - Performance appraisal – Conclusion

14. Explain OB modification?

Introduction - Identification of behavior - Measurement of behavior -
Analysis of behavior – Intervention - Evaluation of behavior -
Conclusion

16.How to measure the attitude?

Introduction - Thurstones scale - Likert’s scale - Bogards social
distance scale - Guttman’s scale - Conclusion

17.How to change Attitudes?

Introduction - The characteristics of the communicator - The method of
communication - The characteristics of target - Situational factor -
Conclusion

18.What are the factor influencing morale?

Introduction - External factors - Internal factors - Conclusion

UNIT-III
PART A
1.Define Group dynamics.

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 The social process, which people interact face to face in small
group, is called group dynamics.

2.What is Committee?
Organizational committee is quite popular at different level in the
organization. However, a committee may be defined as a group of
persons in an organization for taking or recommending certain
decisions.

3.Define Organization Structure.

According to Katz and kahn observes as follows "A social system
is a structuring of events of happenings rather than of physiological
parts and it. Therefore, has no structure apart from its functioning.

4.What are the needs for organization structure?

1.Facilitating management
2.Encouraging growth
3.Optimum use of technology improvement
4.Encouraging human use of human being
5.Stimulating creativity

5.What are Features of good organization structure?

1.Simplicity
2.Flexibility
3.Clear line of authority
4.Apllication of ultimate responsibility
5.Proper delegation of authority.

6.What is line and staff organization?

Line and staff organization refer to a pattern in which staff specialist
advice managers to perform their duties. When the work of an
executive increases, its performance requires that services of
specialist which he himself cannot provide because of his limited
capabilities on various issues, in actual practice, how ever. it is difficult
to determining which department are line and staff.

7.What is functional organization structure?

Functional organization structure perhaps, the most widely used
one in medium and large organizations. this is traditional concept of
originating for creating functional organization, the basis of
department is the various function to be performed by the
organization.

8.What is divisional organization structure?

Divisional structure, also called profit decentralization by

15
Newman and others, is built around business units. in this form, the
organization divided into several fairly autonomous units. Each unit
relatively self-contained in that it has the resources to operate
independently of other divisions.

9.What is Project organization structure?

Project organization appear like a divisional structure, except
that in the latter, various division are created permanent basis while
into he former they created only for the life time of a project. Where
the particular project is completed. The concerned division may
disappear

10.what is matrix organization structure?

Matrix organization structure are essentially a violation of unity
command and therefore. Whole classical concepts related top the
principle of unity command are violated. Matrix organization structure
is the relation of two-dimensional structure while emanates directly
from two dimension of authority.

11.What is brainstorming?
Brainstorming is a technique stimulates idea generation for
decision-making. Originally applied by OSBORN in 1938 in an American
company' using the brain to storm the problem' " a conference
technique by which group attempts to find solution for a specific
problem by amassing all the ideas spontaneously contributed to the
members.

12.What are the characteristics that different from leader from

manager?
1.Narrower-broader
2.Authority-power
3.Tightly structured
4.Elective and selective
5.Formal and informal
6.Formal education and training.

13.Define power.
"Power is the probability that one actor within the relationship
will be in a position to carry out his own will despite resistance".
14.Define Communication.
"Communication is defined as the process by which people seek to
share meaning via the transmission of symbolic message"

15.Define control.
The managerial function of controlling is the measurement and
correction of the performance in order to make sure that enterprise

16
objectives and plans devised to attain them accomplished.

16.What is lateral communication?

Lateral communication is neither upward nor downward. it
proceeds in an horizontal manner and takes place among equal and at
peer level. There is no horizontal level difference in this
communication. Any communication that takes place, orally or in
writing, from branch to other, from one group head to other may be
describes a lateral communication.

17.What is the stages in-group formation?

The stages in-group formation is
1.Forming
2.Storming
3.Norming
4.Performing
5.Adjourning

18.What is Grapevine communication?

Grapevine communication is a kind of informal communication
that prevails in organizations and business. the 'grapevine' is so called
as. it follows no set lives and no set direction it spread like gossip and
rumors.

19.what is informal group?

While formal group establishes by organization informal group
are formed by employee themselves common interest and the need for
companinionship reaction growth and support lead to the formation of
informal group in an informal group take all not formally assigned as
they are in formal group.

20.what is communication apprehension?

Communication apprehension is a more serious problem because
it affects a whole category of communication techniques. people who
suffer from it experience undue tension and anxiety in oral
communication, written communication, or both

21.What is group thinking?

Group thinking is related to norms. it describe situations in which
group pressures for conformity deter the group from critically apprising
unusual, minority, or unpopular views.

22.What is nominal group technique?

Nominal group technique is structured group meeting which
restricts verbal communication among members during the decision
making process. it meant to resolve differences in group opinion by

17
having individual generate and then rank a series of ideas in problem
exploration, alternative generation, or choice-making states of group
decision making.

23.What is the function of communication?

1.Informal function
2.Command and instructive function
3.Influence and persuasive function
4.Integrative function

24.What are emotional or Psychological barriers?

According to Keith davis opines that these "exist in the people's
minds or because of their actions such as being hard to contact or
difficult to understand.

25.What are the needs of control?

1.Control and performance
2.Reward and reinforcement
3.Organisational needs
4.Individual needs

26.What are the types of control?

1.Post action control
2.Feedforward control
3.Concurrent,Realtime control

27.What is means of control?

Organizations, in order to ensure achievement their objectives,
must provide some means of control. Through these means, either
positive reward is given to those who engage in desirable behaviour or
punishment may be given to those who engage undesirable behaviuor.

28.What are the essentials of effective control systems?

1.Reflecting organization needs.
2.Forward looking
3.Promptness in report deviations
4.Objective
5.Flexible
6.Economical

29.What are the group decision-making processes?

1.specific objective
2.Problem in identification
3.Search for the alternatives
4.Evaluation of alternatives
5.Choice of alternatives

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 6.Action
7.Results

30.What is group Norms?

Functions of groups are sometimes termed as normative in that
they causes people to behave in a similar pattern as well as in
providing a reference point by an individual of his own behaviour. This
normative function of group is of great importance in organizational
behaviour because it helps a manger to understand how and why
individual will behave according to group norm.

UNIT – III
PART-B
1. What might motivate you to join a group?
Introduction-safety and security needs-relatedness or belongingness
needs-esteem and growth needs group may encourage collusion between
members.

2. What are the common organization structures? Explain each

briefly?
Introduction-functional organization structure-territorial organization
structure-organization structure based on products-structure based on
customers- structure based on services-line and staff organization
structure-matrix organization structure – conclusion.

3. What are the group decision-making techniques?

Introduction- brain storming-nominal groups-Delphi decision making-
electronic meeting-conclusion.

4. What are the strength and weakness of a group?

(i) Introduction
(ii) Strength of a group
- More knowledge and information
- Wider approaches to a problem
- Wider acceptance
- Better ideas
(iii) Weakness of a group
- Slow and expensive
- The leveling effort
- Divided responsibility
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5. What are the various stages of group development?
Introduction-fortming-storming-norming-performing-adjourning-
conclusion.

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6. What are the directions of communication?
Introduction-downward communication-upward communication-
horizontal communication-conclusion.

7. What are the barriers of communication?

(i) Introduction
(ii) External barriers
- Semantic barriers
- Emotional or psychological barriers
(iii) Organizational barriers
- Emotional or psychological barriers
(a) Premature evaluation
(b) Inattention
(c) Loss by transmission& poor retention.
(d) Distrust of communicator
(e) Failure to communicate
- Organizational barriers
(a) Organizational policies
(b) Organizational rules & regulations
(c) Status relationship
(d) Complexity in organization structure
(e) Organizational facilities
(iii) Personal barriers
- Barriers in superiors
- Barriers in subordinates
(iv) Conclusion

7. Describe the factors influencing group cohesiveness?

Introduction-group size-shared success-meeting goals-similarity of
attitudes and values-conclusion

8. What are the consequences of group and cohesiveness?

Introduction-communication-hostility and aggression towards own group
members-productivity-conclusion

9. Define management control, state steps involved in

management control process?(or) Newman’s step procedure in
management control?
Introduction-definition-defined desire results-establish predictor of
results-establish standards for predictor’s results-establish the information
and feedback network-evaluate information and task corrective action-
conclusion.

10. Explain various control system?

20
 Introduction-steering controls-precaution controls-post action controls-
conclusion.

11. What are the objectives of management control and state its
importance?
Introduction-its measures the progress of the organization-discovers
deviation in the process change-delegation of authority-mistake-it takes
corrective actions-conclusion.

12. What are the key considerations establishing a management

control system?
Introduction-types of measurement-number of measurement-actually for
setting measures and standards-flexibility of standards- conclusion.

13. What are the formal and informal groups?

Introduction
(i) Formal group
(ii) Informal group
- Primary group
- Membership group
- Reference group
- The in-group
- The out-group
(iv) Conclusion

14. What is group cohesiveness? Discuss the factors affecting

cohesiveness?
Introduction-membership related factors-work environment related
factors-organization related group-group development maturity group-
conclusion.

15. What are the theories in decision-making?

Introduction-marginal theory- mathematical theory-psychological
Theory-conclusion.

16. What is group decision making? How does it differ from

individual decision making?
Introduction-conformity-superiority-risky shift-conclusion.

17. What is interring personal conflict? State the various

strategies for
Resolving the inter personal conflicts?
Introduction-(lose-lose)-(win-lose)-(win-win)-conclusion.

18. Explain the elements of the communication process?

21
 Introduction-sender-encoding-message-channel-receiver decoding-
feedback-conclusion.

19. What is bounded rationality (or) administrative man model for

decision-making process?
Introduction-sequential attention to attentive solution-use of heuristics
satisfying conclusion.

20. What is an organization? State its importance and needs?

Introduction-organization helps in administration-organization promotes
growth and diversification-adopting the use of technology advances-
develops human relation approach-encourages creativity-conclusion.

UNIT 4
PART A
1. What are the characteristics that distinguish a leader from a
manager?
Organizations are increasingly searching for managers
who can exhibit transformational leadership qualities. Leadership to
the people who are smart, personable, verbally adept, and the like.
The mangers that aren’t trusted aren’t likely to be
effective leaders.

2. Explain any four common sources of power?

1 Legitimate or formal power.
2 Power due to expertise.
3 Power due to charisma.
4 Reward power.
5 Power out of coercion.

3. What is traits theory of leadership?

This theory was described by Kelly (1974) to classify
what personal characteristics such as physical, personality and mental,
are associated with leadership success.
It is an outcome of research studies that relates
various traits to the success of a leader.

4. Who is a Transformational leader?

Transformational (or) charismatic leader is who
through their personal vision and energy-inspire followers and have a
major impact on their organization are called transformational leaders.

5. What is Political behaviour?

Political behaviour in organizations are activities that
are not required as part of one’s formal role in the organization. But

22
that influence or attempt to influence, the distribution of advantages
and disadvantages within the organization.

6. What is Formal power?

A leader gets power when he accepts the
organization’s authority. The power comes from the rule of the
organization.
Eg: Parents, Teachers, Managers, Police etc., He influences others to
help accomplish the goals of the firm.

7. What are the forces are of changed?

According to Kurt Lewin, there are three stages of change.
1 Unfreezing.
2 Moving.
3 Refreezing.

8. Define Legitimate Powers?

A leader gets power when he accepts the organization’s authority. The
power comes from the rules of the organization.

9.Name the leadership put forward by Fielder-Hersey and

Blanchard?
Fielder’s contingency model-most Popular and elaborate situational
theories of leadership.
1 Leader-member relationship.
2 Task structure.
3 Power from the position.

10. What is Referent Power?

It is based on identification with a person who has
desirable resources or personal traits.
Eg: I like, admiring you, you can exercise power.
Referent power develops out of admiration of another
and a desire to be like that person.

11. Write short notes on Power.

According to Stephen P. Robbins Power is the ability
to get things done in the way one wants them to be done”.
Power is broader than authority. It includes organizational authority
plus the personal elements of the power holder. Power is the ability to
influence and control others in the
Organization. Power has both positive and negative aspects.

12. What is organizational politics?

“When power is exercised for personal gains it is

23
politics. It exists in all organizations. Many times organizational
decisions are made not in rational manner but due to compromise,
accommodation and bargaining”.
-Herbert Goldhammer and
Shills.
13.Define Leadership.
Leadership is defined as the process of influencing
group activities towards the accomplishment of goals in a given
situation. Leadership is unanimously agreed as a psychological process
of influencing followers and providing guidance to them. Leadership is
essential to influence, people to achieve mutually compatible
objectives. In fact all organizational success can be attributed to
leadership.

14. What are the Qualities of good leader?

1 They identify themselves as change agents.
2 They are courageous.
3 They believe in people.
4 They are value driven.
5 They are life long learners.
6 They have the ability to deal with complexity, ambiguity and
uncertainty.
7 They are visionaries.

15. Describe Social learning theory of leadership:-

Social learning can provide a model for the continuous,
reciprocal interaction between the leader, the environment and the
behaviour. These interactions are shown in the following figure.
Leader

Leader behaviour Environment

16. What is a Contingency theory of leadership?

Fred fielder proposes a widely recognized situation based model for
leadership effectiveness. Fielder developed a unique operational
technique to measure leadership style measurement is obtained from
scores that indicate the least preferred coworkers (LPC). This LPC
approach calculates the degree of which leaders favourable perceive
their worst coworkers and related to leadership style.

17. What is Path-goal theory of leadership?

It is derived from the expectancy framework of motivation theory. This
is a healthy development because leadership is closely related to work
motivation on one hand and power on the other. The house version of

24
the theory incorporates four major types or styles of leadership. They
are:
1 Directive leadership.
2 Supportive leadership.
3 Participative leadership.
4 Achievement-oriented leadership.

18. Describe Situation leadership theory.

This model contained the relationship between the leadership and
favorableness of the situation. Fielder in terms of three empirically
derived dimensions described situational favorableness.
1 The leader-member relationship, which is the most critical
variable in determining the situational favorableness.
2 The degree of task structure, which is the second most
important input into the favorableness of situation.
3 The leader’s position power obtained through formal
authority, which is the third most critical dimensions of the
situation.
Situations are favorable to the leader if all three of the
above dimensions are high and vice-versa.

19. What are the needs for leadership?

Leadership is a prescription for mediocrity and that
transformational leadership leads to superior performance in
organizations facing demands for renewal and change. Leadership is
needed in order to recruit; selection, promotion, training and
development will pay-off in the health, well-being and effective
performance of today’s organizations.

20. Who is Informal leader?

An informal leader is a one who uses power only for
personal gain, promotes own personal vision censures critical or
opposing views, demands own decisions be accepted without question,
one-way communication, insensitive to follower’s needs, relies on
convenient, external moral standards to satisfy self interests.

21. Describe Blake mouton’s popular five models

Robert.r has demonstrated the two dimensions of leadership, viz., and
concern for people and concern for production. Blake and James. s.
Mouton in the form of a grid. The word grid means an iron grating, a
framework of parallel bars. Blake and mouton identified five basic
leadership styles of practicing managers representing various
combinations of the aforesaid two dimensions.

22. What is Power due to charisma:-

Charisma is an attribution phenomenon and it varies with the situation.

25
Leadership traits that faster charismatic attributions include self-
confidence, impression-management skills, social sensitivity and
empathy. Situations that promote charismatic leadership include a
crisis requiring dramatic change, or followers who are very dissatisfied
with status quo.

23. What is Contingencies of power?

1 Power is interpersonal in nature
2 .It is person-specific, time-specific and issue-specific.
3 Powers include dependency and reciprocal relationships.
4 Power can expand and contract. Power is the most important
dimension of any organizational activity.

24.what are the management roles?

It may be three Roles. they are
1.Interpersonal roles
2. Informational roles
3.Decisional roles

25.What are the basics four managerial activities?

1.Tranctional management
2.Communication
3.Human Resource management
4.Networking

26.What are the keys capabilities required for effective

politicking?
1.Conceptual capabilities
2.Personal capabilities
3.Genreal organizational awareness
4.Interpersonal Skill

27.What is Impression management?

In political context, it might help way the distribution of advantages in
their favour. The process by which individuals attempt to control the
impression others from of them is called 'impression management'

28.what are the tactics influenced in power?

It has identified by nine distinct influence tactics.
1.Legitmacy
2.Rational persuasion
3.Inspirational appeals
4.Consultation
5.Exchange

26
 6.Personal appeals
7.Ingration
8.Pressure
9.Coalitions

UNIT-IV
PART-B

1. Define leadership. Why cannot an organization automatically

work without a leader?
Introduction-the formal structure of an organization-the environment
conditions-the dynamic structure of the organization-the human
participation in an organization-conclusion.

2. State the functions of a leader

Introduction – maintenance of membership-objective attainment-group
interaction facilities
General function
- to provide service
- to take discussions
- to achieve results
3. What are the qualities of a good leader?
Introduction-energy-maturity stability of mind-understanding human
behavior-fairness-empathy-self motivation-good communication skills-
teaching quality-social skill-technical skill-integrity-conceptual skill-morale
courage-flexibility of mind-conclusion

4. “A leader is a true counselor” explain?

Introduction-give responsibility-delegate power-give freedom of operation-
give guidance-be polite &natural-be fair &firm-conclusion.

5. What is leadership style? Discuss the various types of

leadership styles?
Introduction-Hawthorne experiment-theory x and y- law leadership studies-
Michigan studies on leadership styles-Ohio state studies on leadership
style- conclusion.

6. Discuss the trait theory of leadership?

Introduction-the personal-socio economic factors-intelligence-personality
factors-work behavior characteristics-social characteristics-conclusion.

7. What is a social learning theory of leadership?

Introduction-persons-behavior-environment-conclusion

27
8. Discuss managerial grid theory of leadership?
Introduction-impoverished-country club-middle read-task oriented-
team-conclusion.

9. What is contingency theory of leadership?

Introduction-leader membership relationship-task structure-power from
the position-conclusion.

10. Difference between a successful leader and an effective

leader?
Introduction-formal leader-informal leader-ideal leader-conclusion.

11. Discuss the various sources of power? Relate the concept of

power of the types of leadership?
Introduction-legit mate or formal power-power due to expertise-power
due to charisma-reward power-power out of coercion-conclusion.

12. What are the types of leadership?

Introduction-autocratic styles-democratic style-free rein leadership
style – conclusion.

13. What are the theories of leadership?

Introduction-trait theories of leadership-behavioral theories of
leadership-group & exchange theories-contingency theory-path goal theory
of leadership-social learning approach-conclusion

14. What are the dimensions of political behavior?

Introduction- scape- goating others-sabotage-manipulation- of
information-build bad image on others-conclusion.

15. Explain path-goal leadership theory?

Introduction- directive leadership-supportive leadership-achievement
oriented leadership-conclusion.

Unit 5
Part A
1.What are the factors influencing organizational climate?
The physical environment, leadership style, organizational policies,
managerial values, organizational structure, characteristics of
members, organizational size.

2. What is organizational climate?

Organizational climate as a set of characteristics that describe an

28
organization and that
(a) Distinguish one organization from another
(b) Are relatively enduring over a period of time, and
(c) Influence the behaviour of people in the organization.

3. Why do people resist change?

Below stated are some reason why people resist change some of these
appear to be rational and other emotional. Three major categories of
reason are logical, psychological and sociological. In addition to the
causes stated there are some more reason why employee resist
change appropriately called the organization sources, these causes
include over determination, narrow focus of change threatened
expertise, threatened power, change in resources allocation and
organizational culture.

4. Distinguish between, effectiveness and efficiency?

Efficiency
Effectiveness
1. The objective of efficiency is to 1.The objective of
effectiveness is to Produce quantity and quality enhance
the value to the customer and,
Therefore to the society.
2. The goal of efficiency is to improve 2. The goal of effectiveness
the right process/or the product direction for
the organization and the Value that needs to be generated
.
5.Explain Team building?
The goal of team building is to regulate the operation of individuals as
team, not to teach of them as an independent, isolated components of
the organization. The team building helps the group members to
examine their own behaviour and develop action plan those foaster
task accomplishments.

6.Define organization development?

Organizational Development is an effort planned, organization wide
and managed from the top to increase organization effectiveness and
health through, planned intervention in the organization ‘process’
using behavioural science knowledge.

7.How can resistance to change be minimized?

Change creates tension and emotional turmoil in the minds of
employee. According to Harris, some people attempt to avoid tension
by creating barriers whereas some others tend to minimize tension by
a quick adjustment to change. However the following techniques are
used for dealing with resistance change.

29
 (i) Education and communication
(ii) Participation and involvement
(iii) Support
(iv)Manipulation and cooptation
(v) Coercion

8) What are the sources of change?

Pay, the work itself, promotion, supervision, work group, working
conditions.

9) Explain Kortlewin’s three step model of change process ?

(i) Unfreezing
(ii) Moving
(iii) Refreezing

10) What are the three phases of changes?

(i) De freezing
(ii) Change
(iii) Refreezing
11) What is culture shock?
Culture shock is a term used to describe the anxiety and feelings
(of surprise disorientation, confusion etc) felt when people have to
operate within an entirely different cultural or social environment, such
as foreign country. It grows out of the difficulties in assimilating the
new culture, causing difficult knows what is appropriate and what is
not. Often this is combined with strong digust about certain aspects of
the new or different culture.

12) What do you understand by organizational climate?

Set of attributes specific to a particular organization that may be
induced from the way that organization deals with its members and it
environment.
It takes from of set of attitudes and experiences, which describe the
organization in terms of both static characteristics and behaviour
outcome contingencies.

13) List out the approaches to measure organization

effectiveness?
1 Goal approach
2 Behavioural approach
3 System- resource approach
4 Strategic constituencies approach

14) Give the Objectives of organizational Development?

(i) The level of trust
(ii) The Incidence of confrontation

30
 (iii) Creating an environment
(iv) Openness of communication
(v) Land of enthusiasm
(vi) Probable solutions

15) What is MBO?

It emphasizes achieving specified objection under the control of
individual managers. This approach works against multifunctional
process performance and interfaces with teamwork and quality.

16) What are the types of reward?

Reward can be classified into intrinsic and extrinsic rewards.
Intrinsic rewards are those that an Individual receives for himself.
They are largely a result of the Job that the worker does. The
techniques of Job enrichment, shorter work weeks, flexible work hours,
project structure, and job rotation can offer intrinsic rewards through
providing Interesting and challenging jobs and allowing the worker
greater freedom.
On the other hand extrinsic reward refer to direct compensation,
Indirect compensation and non financial reward.

17) What is team building?

Team building is a process of diagnosing and improving the
effectiveness of a work group with particular attention to work
procedure within it, especially the role of the leader in relationship
within it, especially the role of the leader in relation to other group
members both the group’s task procedure and its human interaction
are the subject of team building. The basic assumption of team
building is that increasing the effectiveness of team will improve the
organization overall effectiveness.
18) What is sensitivity training?
It is a popular method of changing behaviour through
unstructured group interaction sensitivity training sought to help
individual toward better relations with others. The purpose of
sensitivity training is to reduce interpersonal friction.
19) Who is change agent?
Change agent are persons who uses the strategies and
procedures for bringing about change. Any member can be change
agent at one time or another, but many people have positions, tasks,
or formal roles in which their main assignments involve dealing with
change. Normally change agent referred as “The young Turk”
20) What are the types of culture?
Quinn and McGrath classified organization culture into four basic
purposes. Depending on the nature of transaction that take place
between individuals or groups of individuals in organizations.
(i) Market culture

31
 (ii) Adhocracy
(iii) Clan culture
(iv) Hierarchal culture
21) What are the change processes?
Organizational change is a complex process, which involves
various stages. These stages must follow a certain sequence. The
sequences of stages in which the charge process must take place are
listed below.
o Problem recognition
o identifying the causes.
o implementing the change
o Generating motivation for change.
o managing the transition state.
o supporting the change.
o evaluating the change

22) What is Survey Feedback?

The Survey Feedback method, people comprising a unit of
analysis, such as work group, department or organization surveyed.
Their opinions are collected and this data is given to the people who
designed the questionnaire. It has been used as an instrument to
understand the perception of employees on change in the
organisation.

23) What is OD Intervention?

The OD techniques also known as OD Intervention are defined by
French and Bell as “The planned activities clients and consultants
participate during the course of an organization development
programmed”.

24)What is TQM?
TQM is a continuous quality improvement program. The improve
quality uses various techniques and approaches such as self-Managed
teams, task forces, quality Circles and statistical control techniques.

25)What is job satisfaction ?

The Job satisfaction may be defined as “the end state of feeling”.

Here,” end” emphasizes the fact that the feelings is experienced after
a task is accomplished or an activity has taken place whether it is
highly individualistic effort of writing a book or collective endeavor of
constructing a dam.

26) What are the forces for change?

More and more organization today face a dynamic and changing

32
environment. This inturn, requires these organisation to adopt.

Forces EX
Technology Faster and cheaper computer global
Competition. Competition growth of E-commerce

27) What is grid training?

The most popular technique of OD is grid organizational development.

The grid identifies a range of management behaviours based on
various way in which task- oriented and people-oriented style can
interact with each other.

28) Explain the approach of organizational effectiveness?

(i) The goal attainment approach

(ii) System approach
(iii) Strategic constituencies approach
(iv) The behavioural approach

29)What are the determinants of job satisfaction ?

(i) Organisational variables
(ii) Personal variables
Organisational variables
(i) The level of Job
(ii) The Job content
(iii) The type of leadership
(iv) Pay and promotional prospects
(v) Interaction in the work group

II Personal variable
(i) Age
(ii) Education
(iii) Sex

30) What is the Importance of Job satisfaction?

(i) Job satisfaction results in happy living.
(ii) Job satisfaction improves the longevity of life
(iii) Job satisfaction improve the image of the organization
(iv) Individuals become affectionate with the organization

31) What are Managerial values and Ethos?

Managerial ethos means the habitual character and value of
individuals, groups, races etc. Managerial ethos is concerned with
character and values of managers as professional group. Some of the

33
 values of managerial ethos are autonomy, equity or security and
opportunity.

32) How to measure the job satisfaction?

(i) Nature of Job
(ii) Type of Management
(iii) Social environment
(iv) Personal attributes.

UNIT-V
PART-B
1. What are the dimensions of organizational climate?
Introduction-individual autonomy-position or organization structure-reward
concept-consideration, facilitation and support-conflict-growth and
development-control members-conclusion
2. What are the factors affecting organizational climate?
Introduction-the physical environment-leadership style-
organizational policies-managerial values-organizational structure-
characteristics of members-organizational values-conclusion
3. What are managerial values and ethics?
Introduction-the individual autonomy-equity-security-
opportunities-conclusion
4. State the characteristics of managerial ethos?
Introduction-goal direction-initiative behaviors-strengths and
weakness-capacity to solve problem-conclusion.
5. What is job satisfaction? How did you measure the job
satisfaction?
Introduction- nature of job-types of management-social
environment-personal attributes-conclusion.
6. What are the dominants of job satisfaction?
Introduction- organizational variables-personal variables-
conclusion.
7. Why is job satisfaction very important?
Introduction-job satisfaction results in happy -job satisfaction
improve the images of the organization-conclusion.
8. Distinguish between evolutionary change and revolutionary
change?
Introduction -evolutionary change-revolutionary change-conclusion.
9. Describe the major forces of change that confront the
organization?
Introduction-development and decay-new executive-change
agents-survey indicators-change of organizational policies-sudden change
of situation-individual goals-conclusion.

34
10. Describe the organization change process and strategies to
cope with it?
Introduction- unfreezing-moving-refreezing-adaptation-
conclusion.

11. What is resistance to change and what are the factor

influence resistances to change?
Introduction-homoeostasis-habit-primacy-perception of individuals-
dependence-super ego-self distrust-insecurity and regression-conclusion

12. Discuss the strategies of implementing change?

Introduction-educating and communicating the employee –
making employee to participate and involve in the organization-supportive
attitude and attitude of managers and employees-provision of incentive to
the employee-conclusion.
13. Define organizational development state its characteristics?
Introduction-OD has long term approach-OD has broader
perspective-OD has planned process-OD operates on systems concept-
research-orientation-OD state goals-OD has educative strategies-
conclusion.
14. State the objectives and values of organizational
development?
Introduction-level of trust-incidence of confrontation-creating an
environment-openness of communication-probable solution-conclusion.
15. Discuss the steps involved in OD?
Introduction-diagnosis of problem-data gathering-planning strategy for
change planning and implementing the change-evaluation and feedback-
conclusion.
16. Discuss briefly the various techniques of organizational
development?
Introduction- sensitivity training-team building-survey feedback-
grid training-system four management- management by objectives-work
design-job enrichment-process consultation-conclusion
17. What is grid training?
Introduction-organizational development-management
development – conclusion.
18. What is system 4 management-techniques of training?
Introduction-distrust-autocratic-beneficial autocratic-consultative
democratic-conclusion
19. What is team building? Explain team-building cycle?
Introduction-problem-data gathering-diagnosis-planning-
implementation-evaluation-conclusion
20. What is organizational effectiveness and broader perspective
on effectiveness?
Introduction-individual effectiveness-group effectiveness-organizational
effectiveness-conclusion

35
21. What are the approaches to organizational effectiveness?
Introduction-the goal attainment approach-system approach-
strategic approach-the behavioral approach-conclusion
22. What is time dimension in the organizational effectiveness?
Introduction-proeduction-efficiency-satisfaction-adaptiveness-
development-conclusion
23. How to achieve the organizational effectiveness?
Introduction -proper understanding- behavioral conformity-
affective behavioral conformity-satisfaction and dissatisfaction-
favorable atmosphere-conclusion.

36