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Practical 1

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58 views

Practical 1

Uploaded by

shubhkaushik1709
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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EXPERIMENT 1

pH OF SOLUTIONS
AIM:
To find the pH of the following samples by using pH paper / universal indicator:
a) Dilute hydrochloric acid solution (A)
b) Dilute sodium hydroxide solution (B)
c) Dilute ethanoic acid solution (C)
d) Lemon juice (D)
e) Water (E)
f) Dilute sodium hydrogen carbonate solution (F)
APPARATUS:
Test tubes, test tube stand, glass tube or glass rod, dropper, white tile, pH paper or universal
indicator, standard pH colour chart, distilled water, given samples.
BASIC PRINCIPLES INVOLVED:
• pH is a measure of the hydrogen ion concentration [H+] of a solution.
• pH of an acidic solution is less than 7 (eg. Hydrochloric acid, ethanoic acid, lemon
juice).
• pH of a basic solution is more than 7 (eg. dilute sodium hydroxide).
• pH of a neutral solution is equal to 7 (eg. pure water).
• pH of a sample can be measured by use of pH paper or by use of universal
indicator.
PROCEDURE:
1) 6 clean, dry test tubes are placed in a test tube stand. 1 ml of each sample (A, B, C, D, E,
F) whose pH is to be determined, is taken in each test tube.
2) A strip of pH paper is taken and placed on a clean white tile.
3) A drop of each sample A, B, C, D, E & F are put on the pH paper with the help of a
dropper, one by one from the given samples.
4) The colour change is observed and matched with the colour of the standard pH colour
chart.
5) The pH value corresponding to the colour is recorded in the given table.
DIAGRAM:
OBSERVATION TABLE:

S. Name of Sample Colour developed pH value Nature of the sample


No on pH paper
(from chart)

A Dilute hydrochloric RED 1 ACIDIC


acid solution

B Dilute sodium BLUE 14 BASIC


hydroxide solution

C Dilute ethanoic acid RED 3 ACIDIC


solution

D Lemon juice RED 2.5 ACIDIC

E Distilled Water NO CHANGE 7 NEUTRAL

F Dilute sodium BLUE 10 BASIC


hydrogen carbonate
solution

RESULT:
In the given samples we have observed that:
1) Acidic samples with pH less than 7 are: hydrochloric acid solution , ethanoic acid and
Lemon juice
2) Basic samples with pH more than 7 are: sodium hydrogen carbonate solution , sodium
hydroxide solution
3) Neutral sample with pH = 7: Distilled Water
PRACTICAL BASED QUESTIONS:
1] What do you mean by term pH? Why does the indicator used to find the pH of a given
solution, known as universal indicator?
Power of H+, a universal indicator, which is a mixture of several indicators. The universal ndicator
shows different colours at different concentrations of H+ ions.

2] Which one is the correct method to find the pH of a solution?


a) b) c) d)
4] The pH values of HCl, NaOH and CH3COOH of equal concentrations were measured
using pH papers. What is the correct increasing order of the pH values?
Ans: HCl, CH3COOH NaOH
5] Bottle A contains oxalic acid solution and bottle B contains sodium carbonate solution.
When pH paper is dipped in each of the solutions, what colours will be seen in A and B
respectively?
Ans: Orange blue
6] Four students recorded the pH of samples of distilled water, ethanoic acid, dilute HCl and
dilute NaHCO3 and also the colours produced on the pH paper as given below. Which are the
correct ones?
SAMPLE pH COLOUR ON THE pH PAPER
I) distilled water 7 pale green
II) ethanoic acid 4 orange
III) dilute HCl 2 reddish pink
IV) dilute NaHCO3 13 yellow

Ans: i), ii) and iii)


7) Addition of which of the following to water will (a) decrease the pH value? (b) inecrease
the pH value?
Lemon juice, sodium hydrogen carbonate

Ans: (a) decrease the pH value Lemon juice


(b) inecrease the pH value sodium hydrogen carbonate

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