Introduction to Biotechnology, 4e, Global Edition (Thieman)

Chapter 1 The Biotechnology Century and Its Workforce

1) Scientists at the biotechnology company Genentech created the first recombinant DNA
product for use in humans. Approved by the Food and Drug Administration in 1982, this product
was ________.
A) a gene chip
B) chymosin
C) insulin
D) human growth hormone
E) erythropoietin
Answer: C
Section: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You?
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

2) Which area of biotechnology primarily involves using living organisms to process, degrade,
and clean up environmental pollution?
A) Genomics
B) Bioinformatics
C) Bioremediation
D) Marine biotechnology
E) Agricultural biotechnology
Answer: C
Section: 1.2 Types of Biotechnology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

3) The use of computer science to analyze biological data, such as DNA sequence comparison
data, is known as ________.
A) genomics
B) bioinformatics
C) bioremediation
D) nanotechnology
E) recombinant DNA technology
Answer: B
Section: 1.4 The Biotechnology Workforce
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

4) Studying the entire complement of DNA in an organism's cells is known as ________.

A) genomics
B) bioinformatics
C) bioremediation
D) nanotechnology
E) recombinant DNA technology
Answer: A
Section: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You?
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

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5) Combining DNA from different sources is an example of ________.
A) genomics
B) bioinformatics
C) bioremediation
D) nanotechnology
E) recombinant DNA technology
Answer: E
Section: 1.2 Types of Biotechnology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

6) ________ is customized medicine based on a person's genetics.

A) Genomics
B) Bioinformatics
C) Bioremediation
D) Pharmacogenomics
E) Recombinant DNA technology
Answer: D
Section: 1.3 What Will the New Biotechnology Century Look Like? An Example from Medical
Biotechnology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

7) ________ involves farm-raising finfish, shellfish, algae, and other aquatic organisms.
A) Biopharming
B) Aquaculture
C) Pharmacogenomics
D) Bioremediation
E) Transgenic technology
Answer: B
Section: 1.2 Types of Biotechnology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

8) ________ is the use of normal genes or the replacement of diseased genes for treating human
genetic disorders.
A) Genetics
B) Genomics
C) Pharmacogenomics
D) Gene therapy
E) Recombinant DNA technology
Answer: D
Section: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You?
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

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Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.
9) Selective breeding involves ________.
A) genetic engineering of animals and plants to improve growth characteristics
B) mating organisms with desirable characteristics
C) the use of fermentation to produce biotechnology products
D) combining sperm and egg cells from different species to produce hybrid organisms
E) none of these choices
Answer: B
Section: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You?
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

10) ________ is the use of living organisms or their products to clean up the environment,
improve human health, and provide more nutritious and disease-free food.
A) Bioremediation
B) Biotechnology
C) Genetic engineering
D) Biodegradation
E) Bioprocessing
Answer: B
Section: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You?
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

11) Subtle differences in DNA sequences that vary from person to person are called ________.
A) genomics
B) chromosomes
C) DNA microarrays
D) pharmacogenomics
E) single-nucleotide polymorphisms
Answer: E
Section: 1.3 What Will the New Biotechnology Century Look Like? An Example from Medical
Biotechnology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

12) Explain at least two differences between a traditional pharmaceutical product and a
biotechnology product.
Answer: A traditional pharmaceutical product is typically a small molecule synthesized by
chemists and made into a pill form, which can be orally administered to a patient.
A biotechnology product is usually a large molecule that cannot be synthesized or taken orally. It
must be produced in a cell line, purified from the cell line, and ultimately formulated to be
administered to a patient by injection.
Section: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You?
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

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13) Discuss some examples of different fields of biotechnology and what they study (e.g.,
bioremediation, which is used to assist in the clean-up of chemical spills, etc.).
Answer: Answers can vary.
Some answers include:
• Microbial biotechnology, which is used to detect microbes for diagnostic purposes in
humans, food samples, and other sources.
• Animal biotechnology, which helps produce antibodies in the milk of the animal without
doing harm to the animal.
• Forensic biotechnology, which is useful in solving crimes and testing paternity.
• Medical biotechnology, which involves producing products to diagnose, treat, or cure a
disease.
Section: 1.2 Types of Biotechnology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

14) What are some nonscience job opportunities in a biotechnology company? Why would it still
be useful to have some science background for these positions?
Answer: Some nonscience biotechnology jobs include working in regulatory affairs, marketing,
sales, and the legal department of the company. Because the company products are ultimately
biological in nature, employees will better understand how to do their jobs if they know the
science as well. For example, if a sales representative does not understand any of the science
behind the product they are selling, they cannot easily answer any questions the prescribing
physician might ask them.
Section: 1.4 The Biotechnology Workforce
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

15) What are some of the advantages of a biosimilar drug versus a patented pharmaceutical
product? What are the disadvantages?
Answer: Advantages:
Biosimilars can cut costs because they are often approved for use without having to undergo the
same expensive safety and effects studies required for pharmaceutical product.
Disadvantages:
Biosimilars can still be more expensive to produce because biosimilars can be difficult to
replicate exactly.
Section: 1.4 The Biotechnology Workforce
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

16) ________ is an approach to genome editing that makes it possible to correct genetic diseases
and create novel genetic modification of genomes.
A) Synthetic genomes
B) Gene cloning
C) Gene therapy
D) CRISPR-Cas
E) High-throughput screening
Answer: D
Section: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You?
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

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17) As of 2016, which of the following was the top selling biotechnology drug?
A) Herceptin
B) Rituxan
C) Humira
D) Enbrel
E) Avastin
Answer: C
Section: 1.1 What Is Biotechnology and What Does It Mean to You?
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

18) Which of the following is the application of biotechnology to industrial processes?

A) Microbial biotechnology
B) Animal biotechnology
C) Forensic biotechnology
D) Medical biotechnology
E) Industrial biotechnology
Answer: C
Section: 1.3 What Will the New Biotechnology Century Look Like? An Example from Medical
Biotechnology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understanding

19) How can a physician use precision medicine to design a drug treatment strategy?
A) Based on the genes involved in the disease, design a drug treatment strategy that is non-
specific and applicable to a small population.
B) Based on the genes involved in the disease, design a drug treatment strategy that is non-
specific and somewhat effective.
C) Based on the genes involved in the disease, design a drug treatment strategy that is specific
and somewhat effective.
D) Based on the genes involved in the disease, design a drug treatment strategy that is specific
and most effective.
E) Based on the genes involved in the disease, design a drug treatment strategy that is specific
and not based on the patient's genetic profile.
Answer: D
Section: 1.3 What Will the New Biotechnology Century Look Like? An Example from Medical
Biotechnology
Bloom's Taxonomy: Applying/Analyzing

20) What three locations account for approximately 95% of biotechnology countries?
A) Europe, Japan, and South America
B) Europe, Japan, and North America
C) Europe, China, and Canada
D) Canada, Japan, and South America
E) China, Europe, and North America
Answer: B
Section: 1.4 The Biotechnology Workforce
Bloom's Taxonomy: Remembering/Understandinga

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Copyright © 2020 Pearson Education Ltd.