Ethical Frameworks

and Principles

1. Consequentialist theory examines the

morality of actions based on their
outcomes.
2. It holds that an action is right if it leads to
the best possible consequences.
3. The focus is on maximizing overall good
or minimizing harm.
4. It is outcome-focused rather than intent-
focused.
5. Utilitarianism, which aims for the greatest
happiness for the greatest number, is a key
form of consequentialism.
6. Moral worth is determined by the action's
impact on people and society. Consequentialist theories
7. Consequentialism allows flexibility, as the
context of consequences can vary.
8. Criticisms include that it may justify
harmful acts if they lead to a “greater
good.”
9. It can sometimes ignore individual rights
to achieve a beneficial outcome.
10. Consequentialism is widely applied in
ethical decision-making in fields like
public policy and healthcare.

1. Non-consequentialist theories judge

actions by their inherent morality, not their
outcomes.
2. They focus on following moral rules or
duties regardless of results.
3. The Rights Approach highlights the right
of individuals to make their own choices.
4. Rooted in Kant’s philosophy, it asserts that
human dignity comes from the freedom to
choose.
5. Deontological ethics states that certain
duties or rights are binding, no matter the
outcome.
Non-consequentialist
theories 6. The Common Good Approach values the
interconnectedness of society.
7. It promotes respect and compassion for
all, especially vulnerable individuals.
8. The Fairness or Justice Approach
emphasizes the right to dignity for
everyone.
9. This approach encourages treating
humanity as an end, not merely as a
means.
10. However, it’s valued for promoting justice,
rights, and integrity.
 Ethical Frameworks
and Principles

1. Deontology focuses on the moral duty

behind actions rather than consequences.
2. Immanuel Kant is the most influential
philosopher behind deontological ethics.
3. Actions are morally right if they follow
specific moral rules or principles.
4. The intention behind an action is key, not
the outcomes it produces.
5. Actions should be able to become
universal laws that everyone can follow.
6. Treat individuals as ends in themselves,
never merely as a means to an end.
7. Kant's principle states we should act Deontology
according to maxims that can be
universally applied.
8. Deontology often involves strict moral
rules without exceptions.
9. This ethical theory doesn’t rely on the
consequences to determine moral worth.
10. It values adherence to duties, even if the
outcome isn’t favorable.

1. The Virtue Approach emphasizes striving

toward ideals that foster full human
development.
2. These ideals are identified through
thoughtful reflection on our potential as
individuals.
3. The approach highlights personal growth
and character development.
4. It encourages individuals to consider what
kind of people they aspire to be.
5. The Feminist Approach has evolved over
recent decades, incorporating diverse
perspectives.
Agent-centered
theories 6. Feminist thinkers emphasize the
significance of women's experiences in
ethical discussions.
7. The approach also considers the voices of
other marginalized groups.
8. It challenges traditional ethical frameworks
that may overlook these perspectives.
9. Ethical deliberation is enriched by including
varied experiences and viewpoints.
10. Both approaches advocate for a deeper
understanding of human potential and moral
responsibility.