M .l. G A D O Y E V A , K .H .

SAYITOVA

I N G L I Z TILI
I qism

O'zbekiston Respublikasi 01iy va o'rta maxsus ta ’lim

vazirligi O'rta maxsus kasb-hunar ta'lim markazi
kasb-hunar kollejlah uchun qo'llanma
sifatida tavfsiya etgan

T O SH K E N T - «O 'Z B E K IST O N » - 2 0 1 3
UO‘K: 811.111(075)
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G 12
T a q r i z c h i lar:
filologiya fanlari doktori, professor J.5. Bronov, filologiya
fanlari nomzodi, dotsent О.М. Mo'minov, dotsent M.Q. Baqoyeva.
Gadoyeva M.I.
G 12 Ingliz till: kasb-hunar kollejlari uchun qo‘llanma: Q.I/
M.l. Gadoyeva, К.Н. Sayitova. To‘rtinchi nashri -Toshkent:
0 ‘zbekiston, 2013. 96 b.
1. S a y ito v a К .Н .

Q o ‘lla n m a k a sb -h u n a r k o lle jla ri ta la b a la ri u c h u n m oM jallangan. U

m a k ta b d a in g liz tilin i o ‘q im a g a n y o k i in g liz tilid a n k a m m a ’lu m o tg a ega
b o ‘lg an h a m d a m a k ta b d a b o s h q a c h e t tilin i o ‘q ig a n o ‘q u v c h ila rg a in g liz
tilid a n d a stla b k i k o ‘n ik m a v a m a la k a la m i sin g d iris h g a y o rd a m b e rad i.
U O ‘K : 811.111(075)
K B K 81.21ngi

O 'quv nashri
Gadoyeva Mavlyuda Ibragimovna
Sayitova Komila Hasanovna

/Z INGLIZ TILI
I qism
Kasb-hunar kollejlari uchun qo'llanma
To‘rtinchi nashri
Muharrirlar: K. Inagamova, A. Ziyadov. Badiiy m uharrir B. Zufarov.
Texnik m uharrir L. Xijova. Kom pyuterda tayyorlovchi D. Gabdraxmanova.
M usahhih K. Inagamova.
Nashriyot litsenziyasi А1 № 158.14.08.09. Bosishga 2013-yil 30-iyulda ruxsat
etildi. Bichimi 84x108 V32. Ofset qog'ozi. «Times» gamiturasida. Ofset bosma usulida
bosildi. Shartli bosma tabog‘i 5,04. N ashrtabog‘i 4,78. Adadi 3000nusxa. Buyurtma
№ 13-286. Bahosi kelishilgan narxda.
0 ‘zbekiston Matbuot va axborot agentligining « 0 ‘zbekiston»
nashriyot-m atbaa ijodiy uyi. 100129. Toshkent, Navoiy ko'chasi, 30.
Telefon: (371) 244-87-55, 244-87-20 Faks: (371) 244-37-81, 244-38-10
e-mail: [email protected] www.iptd-uzbekistan.uz

IGDN 9 70-994 3 01 965 2----- - © «O'ZBEKISTON» NMIU 2001, 2013

/ A lish ct Nfl'/oiy I
nom idv;.''.
 CONTENTS

So‘zboshi... 6
LESSON 1 7
Phonetics:
a) Alifbo. b) B,C,D,F,G,H,J,K,L,M undosh harflarining
o ‘qilishi.
Grammar:
a) to be fe’lining hozirgi noaniq zamonda tuslanishi.
Noaniq artikl.
b) Kishilik olmoshlari.
c) Darak gapda so‘z tartibi. Darak gapda ohang.
Text:
ABOUT MYSELF
Dialogue.
LESSON 2 .............................................................................................18
Phonetics:
a) Alifbo. b) N,P,Q,R,S,T,V,W,X,Z. undosh harflarining
o ‘qilishi.
Grammar:
a) Aniq artikl. b) Ko‘rsatish olmoshlari.
c) Fe’lning noaniq shakli. Buyruq mayli.
Buyruq gapda ohang.
d) Yo‘nalish old ko‘makchilari.
Text:
MY FRIEND
Dialogue.
LESSON 3 ............................................................................................ 30
Phonetics:
a) Alifbo. b) Ingliz unlilarining IV tur bo‘g ‘inida o ‘qilish
qoidalari.
Grammar:
a) to have fe’lining hozirgi noaniq zamonda tuslanishi
b) Egalik olmoshlari va ulaming turlari.
Text:
MY FAMILY
Dialogue.
3
LESSON 4 39
Phonetics:
a) Mute (e) (talaffuz qilinmaydigan ye).
b) Undosh harf birikmalarining o ‘qilishi.
Grammar:
a) Sifat darajalari.
b) as...as, not so...as iboralarining qiyoslash maqsadida
ishlatilishi.
Text:
MY NATIVE TOWN
Dialogue.

L E SSO N S............................................................................................ 48
Phonetics:
a) Unli harf birikmalarining o ‘qilishi.
Grammar:
a) There is/are; here it is... oborotlari.
b) 0 ‘rin-joy old kelishiglari.
Text:
a) MY FLAT
b) THE GEOGRAPHICAL POSITION OF UZBEKISTAN
Dialogue.

LESSON 6 ............................................................................................ 57
Phonetics:
a) a harfining ss, sk, sp, th, ft harf birikmalaridan va о
harfining m, n, th, harflaridan oldin o ‘qilishi.
Grammar:
a) Otlaming ko‘plik shakli.
b) Otlarda egalik kelishigi.
c) The Present Indefinite Tense.
Umumiy so‘roq gapda so‘z tartibi va ohang.
Text:
a) INDEPENDENT UZBEKISTAN.
b) THE HISTORY OF UZBEKISTAN.
Dialogue.

4
LESSON 7 70
Phonetics:
a) Ayrim undoshlaming o ‘qilmaslik holatlari.
Grammar:
a) can modal fe’li. b) as bogMovchisining ishlatilishi.
Text:
a) THE ACTIVITY OF PEOPLE IN THE MARKET
ECONOMY, b) THE USA.
Dialogue.

L E SSO N S ............................................................................................ 80
Phonetics: a) wa-, war-, wor- harf birikmalarining o ‘qilishi.
Grammar: a) Who (Whom) ishtirokidagi murakkab gaplar.
Text:
a) TYPES OF EXPENSES IN THE MARKET ECONOMY
b) GREAT BRITAIN.
Dialogue.

LESSON 9 87
Phonetics:
a) tt, 11, ss harf birikmalarining o ‘qilishi.
Grammar:
a) it is easy (difficult,...) to oboroti.
Text:
a) ABOUT BUSINESS, b) THE ACTIVITY OF BUSINESS
Dialogue.

LESSON 1 0 ......................................................................................... 92
Phonetics
a) ew, aw, ow harf birikmalarining o ‘qilishi.
Grammar:
a) than so‘zining qiyoslash maqsadida ishlatilishi.
Text:
LARGE-SCALE AND SMALL BUSINESS
Dialogue.
FOYDALANILGAN ADABIYOTLAR 96

5
 SO‘ZBOSHI

Mazkur «Ingliz tili» (I qism) qo‘llanmasi 0 ‘zbekiston

Respublikasi Oliy va o ‘rta maxsus ta ’lim vazirligi to-
monidan tasdiqlangan kasb-hunar kollejlari o ‘quv das-
turi asosida tayyorlandi. Q o‘llanma maktabda ingliz ti­
lini o‘qimagan yoki ingliz tilidan kam m a’lumotga ega
bo‘lgan hamda maktabda boshqa chet tilini o ‘qigan, shu-
ningdek, boshlang‘ich pog‘ona kirish testini topshira ol-
magan o ‘quvchilarga ingliz tilidan dastlabki ko‘nikma va
malakalami 76 soatlik auditoriya mashg‘uloti jarayonida
singdirishga m o‘ljallangan.
Har bir dars fonetika (o‘qish qoidalari), grammatik
izoh, yangi so‘zlar va so‘z birikmalari, umumta’lim, dav-
latchilik, iqtisodiy hayotga oid matnlar, dialoglar, og‘zaki
nutqni o ‘stirishni, o‘tilgan materiallami mustahkamlashni
nazarda tutuvchi ibora va mashqlami o ‘z ichiga oladi.
Q o‘llanma qamrab olgan matnlar kundalik hayot, ta-
rix, geografiya, iqtisodiyotga oid matnlar bo‘lib, ulami
o‘qitishning texnika vositalaridan keng foydalanib o ‘tish
tavsiya etiladi. Bu o‘tilayotgan materialni boshqa fanlar
bilan bog‘lashda, o ‘quvchilaming bilim, tafakkur doira-
larini kengaytirishda, malaka hamda ko‘nikmalarini
o ‘stirishda, pirovard oqibatda ingliz tilini chuqurroq
o‘zlashtirishlarida qo‘l keladi.
Mualliflar

6
LESSON 1 (8 hours)

Phonetics: a) Alifbo.
b) B,C,D ,F,G ,H ,J,K ,L,M undosh harflarining
o ‘qilishi.
Grammar: a) to be fe’lining hozirgi noaniq zamonda
tuslanishi. Noaniq artikl.
v) Kishilik olmoshlari.
s) Darak gapda so‘z tartibi. Darak gapda ohang.
Text: ABOUT MYSELF.
Dialogue:

Ingliz tilida 26 ta harf bo6lib, ulardan 20 tasi undosh,

6 tasi unlidir.

INGLIZ ALFAVITINI DIKTORDAN

KEYIN TAKRORLANG:
A [ei], J [dsei], S [es],
В [bi:], К [kei], T [ti:],
С [si:], L [el], U Liu:],
D [di:], M [em], v [Vi:],
E [i: ], N [en], W [dAblju:],
F [e f], О [ou], X [eks],
G [d3i:], P [pi:], Y [wai],
H [eitj], Q [kju:], Z [zed].
IM , R [a:],
UNDOSH HARFLARNI DIKTORDAN
KEYIN TAKRORLANG:

В, C, D, F, G, H, J, K, L, M, N, P, Q, R,
S, T, V, W, X, Z
7
 UNLI HARFLARNI DIKTORDAN
KEYIN TAKRORLANG:

1) yumshoq unlilar E, I, Y
2) qattiq unlilar A, O, U

UNDOSH HARFLARNING 0 ‘QILISHI:

1. В b harfi [b] tovushini beradi:

back, book, bed, boy
2. S s harfi yumshoq unli (e,i,y) lardan oldin kelsa, [s]
tovushini, qolgan hollarda esa [k] tovushini beradi.
[ s ] --------------c c ------------------[k]
cymbals cut
cylinder cat

С с harfi i bilan boshlanadigan suffikslardan oldin [J]

deb o ‘qiladi:
physician, special
3. D d harfi [d] tovushini beradi:
door, day
4. F f harfi [f] tovushini beradi:
father, football
5. G g harfi yumshoq unli (e,i,y) lardan oldin [ds], qolgan
hollarda [g] tovushini beradi:

№ ] gymnast, gyps
[g] good, garden, gold, government

6. H h harfi [h] tovushini beradi:

hall, harmonic, heat, height
7. J j harfi [dz] tovushini beradi:
January, jum p, jet, joke.
8. К к harfi [к] tovushini beradi:
key, keep, cake, kiosk.
9. L 1 harfi [1] tovushini beradi:
long, location.
10. M m harfi [m] tovushini beradi:
map, marble, music, motor.

KISHILIK OLMOSHLARI
(PERSONAL PRONOUNS)

Kishilik olmoshlari kelishik (The category o f case),

son (The category o f number) va rod (The category o f
gender) kategoriyalariga egadir.
Kelishik kategoriyasi bosh (Nominative case) va
obyektiv (Objective case) kelishiklarining o‘zaro nisbati
vositasida ifodalanadi:

BOSH KELISHIK
(NOMINATIVE)

B irlik
I I Men
II You Sen
III He U (erkaklar uchun)
She U (xotin-qizlar uchun)
It U ( narsa va hayvonlar uchun)

9
К о ‘p lik
I We Biz
II You Siz
III They Ular

ТО BE FE ’LINING
HOZIRGI NOANIQ ZAMONDA TUSLANISHI
To be fe’li bor, bor bo‘lmoq degan m a’nolami
anglatadi.

To be fe’li hozirgi noaniq zamonda 3 shaklga ega: I

shaxs birlik uchun am, III shaxs birlik uchun is, qolgan
hamma shaxslar uchun birlik va ko‘plikda are shakllarga
ega:

Birlik Misollar

I. I am I am a student
II. You are You are a student
III. He is He is a student
She is She is a student
It is It is a table

K o ‘plik

I. We are We are students

II. You are You are students
III. They are They are students

To be fe’lining hozirgi zamon so‘roq shakli to be

fe’lining tegishli shakli (am/is/are) ni egadan oldinga
qo‘yish orqali yasaladi.
10
 Birlik Misollar
I. Am I? Am I a student?
II. Are you? Are you a student?
III. Is he? Is he a student?
Is she? Is she a student?
Is it? Is it a table?

K o ‘p l i k
I. Are we? Are we students?
II. Are you? Are you students?
III. Are they? Are they students?

To be fe’lining hozirgi zamondagi bo‘lishsiz shakli

to be fe’lining tegishli shakli (am/is/are)dan keyin not
inkor yuklamasini qo‘yish orqali yasaladi:

Birlik Misollar
I. I am not I am not a student
II. You are not You are not a student
III. He is not He is not a student
She is not She is not a student
It is not It is not a table
K o ‘plik
I. We are not We are not students
II. You are not You are not students
III. They are not They are not students

to be fe’Iiga iboralar
to be ill - kasal b o im o q
to be well - sog‘ (yaxshi) b oim oq
to be hungry - och qolmoq
to be wet through - h o i b o im o q
to be thirsty - chanqamoq
11
 to be interested in - qiziqmoq (biror narsaga)
to be glad - xursand bo‘lmoq
to be happy - baxtli bo‘lmoq
to be married - uylanmoq (turmushga chiqmoq)
to be single - y o lg iz (bo‘ydoq, beva) bo‘lmoq
to be busy - band bo‘lmoq
to be free - bo‘sh boim oq
to be angry - jahli chiqmoq
to be fond o f - yoqtirmoq, yaxshi ko‘rmoq
to be late for - kechikmoq
to be in - ichkarida b o im o q
to be out - tashqarida b o im o q
to be away - tashqarida (vatanidan) b o im o q
to be sorry - kechirim so‘ramoq
to be on duty - navbatchi b o im o q

ARTIKL
(ARTICLE)
Artikl ingliz tilida otlar oldidan ishlatiluvchi belgi
b o iib , o ‘zbek tilida bu so‘z turkumi mavjud emas.
Ingliz tilida ikki xil artikl mavjud:
1) aniq artikl the
2) noaniq artikl a (an)

NOANIQ ARTIKL
(INDEFINITE ARTICLE)
Noaniq artiklning o‘zi ham ikki xil (a, an) ko‘rinishga
ega b o iib , faqat birlikdagi otlar oldidan ishlatiladi. Chunki
noaniq artikl a (an) «bir» so‘zidan kelib chiqqan.
Noaniq artiklning a shakli undosh tovush bilan
boshlangan, birlikdagi, sanaladigan otlar oldidan
ishlatiladi: a book, a head, a table, a map, a bed, a
face.
12
 Noaniq artiklning an shakli unli tovush bilan
boshlangan, birlikdagi, sanaladigan otlar oldidan
ishlatiladi: an ear, an ox, an hour, an Institute, an eye.

DARAK GAPDA SO‘Z TARTIBI

(WORD ORDER)
Ingliz tilidagi darak gaplarda so‘z tartibi qat’iydir.
Tartib quyidagicha:
Ega - kesim - to‘ldiruvchi - aniqlovchi - hoi.
Hoi gap boshi va oxirida ham kelishi mumkin.
I have English lessons every day.
0 ‘zbek tilidagi darak gaplarda so‘z tartibi qat’iy
emas.

DARAK GAP OHANGI

Darak gapda ohang pasayuvchi bo‘ladi.
He is busy on week days.
Exercise 1. Learn the new words o f the text «About myself».

Vocational college - kasb-hunar kolleji

father - ota
mother - ona
brother - aka, uka
sister - opa, singil
aunt - xola, amma
uncle - tog‘a, amaki
grandmother - buvi
grandfather - bobo
also - ham; shuningdek
friend - o ‘rtoq, do‘st
be interested in - qiziqmoq
be fond o f - yoqtirmoq
to go in for - shug‘ullanmoq
13
 hobby - sevimli mashg‘ulot
to watch - tomosha qilmoq, ko‘rmoq
football matches - futbol o‘yinlari
on TV - televizorda
Italian food - italyancha ovqat
enjoy - rohatlanmoq
listen to - tinglamoq
writers - yozuvchilar
to be proud o f - g‘ururlanmoq
country - mamlakat
love - sevmoq
very much - juda

Exercise 2. Read the text and discuss it.

Text: ABOUT MYSELF

My name is Alisher. I am 16 years old. I am a student

o f the Vocational college. I am a first year student. I have
a father, a mother, two brothers, a little sister, 3 aunts,
2 uncles, a grandmother and a grandfather. I also have
many friends. I am interested in English, mathematics and
many other subjects. I am also fond o f sports. I go in for
football. Because it is my hobby. I like to watch football
matches on TV. I like classical music and Italian food. I
enjoy listening to music. I like to read books o f Uzbek,
English, American and French writers. I am Uzbek and
live in Uzbekistan. I am proud o f my country and love it
very much.
Exercise 3. Make up sentences with the following words and
expressions using the grammar o f the lesson.

Years old, vocational college, be interested in, be fond

o f sports, go in for football, hobby, like, to watch football
14
matches, on TV, classical music, enjoy, listen to, writers,
live, be proud of.
Exercise 4. Answer the following questions according to the
text «About myself».

1. How old is Alisher? 2. What is he? 3. What is he

interested in? 4. What is he fond of? 5. Why does he go
in for football? 6. What does he like? 7. What does he
enjoy? 8. What nationality is he and where does he live?

Exercise 5. Read the dialogue and remember usefull

expressions.

DIALOGUE

Jane: Hello Tom ! How are you?

Tom: Hi! Fine!
Jane: Nice to meet you!
Tom: How are you?
Jane: Everything is OK! And what about you?
Tom: Quite well! Thank you!
Jane: Glad to hear that.

Exercise 6. Repeat the following words after the announcer

and explain the pronounciation o f the consonant letters.

Better, bed, hike, jewil, July, kitchen, keep, generation,

gift, demand, delegation, defeat, degree, cycle, foot, free,
fuel, fund, fur.

Exercise 7. Put «а» or «ап».

Engineer, technologist, hand, apple, armchair, hour,

Union, house, University, unhappy man, book, table, sofa,
chair, book-case, bag, bed, window, door, black-board.
Exercise 8. Translate the following sentences into English.
15
 1. Ular hozir juda ham band. 2. Siz bugun bo‘shmisiz?
3. Muhandislar hozir zavodda. 4. Biz hozir darsdamiz.
5.Direktor mitingda. 6. U ingliz. 7. Buxoro qadimiy
shahar. 8. U tajribali quruvchi.

Exercise 9. Change the following nouns with personal

pronouns.

Cats, marble, Karim, Lola, 1 and my friend, waiter,

headmistress, waitress, computer, engineers, building,
engine, office, wheel, machine, industry, food, oil, paper,
register, teachers.

Exercise 10. Find out the pair o f antonyms among the given
expressions and write them down.

To be ill, to be wet through, to be glad, to be happy,

to be single, to be busy, to be married, to be angry, to be
late for, to be in, to be well, to be out, be in time, to be
dry, to be free, to be unhappy.

Exercise 11. Rearrange the words to make correct sentences.

1. Am, today, busy, I. 2. Of, he, fond, sports, is. 3.

Have, a mother, I, a father, and. 4. Not, in, they, French,
interested, are. 5. Uzbekistan, am, and, live, Uzbek, in, I.
6. Is, of, his, he, native, proud, town. 7. You, free, today,
are? 8. Book, not, is, this, interesting.

Exercise 12. Translate the following sentences into English

using the active vocabulary o f the lesson.

1. Men kasb-hunar kolleji talabasiman. 2. U sportga

qiziqadi. 3. Men sport bilan shug‘ullanaman. 4. Biz ingliz
yozuvchilarining kitoblarini o ‘qishni yaxshi ko‘ramiz.
5. Ular hozir bo‘sh, lekin men bo‘sh emasman. 6. Men
16
televizor ko‘rishdan rohatlanaman. 7. U uylanmagan
(turmushga chiqmagan). 8. Siz ingliz tiliga qiziqasizmi?

Exercise 13. Speak about yourself using the text «About

myself».

Exercise 14. Learn the dialogue by heart.

Exercise 15. Find out words for reading rules o f consonant

letters b,c,d,f,g,hj,k,l,m and try to read them correctly.

Exercise 16. Retell the text «About myself».

Alisher Novoiy
2 - Ingliz till, I qism
nomidagi 17
A
O’zbekiston MK.
LESSON 2 (8 hours)

Phonetics: a) Alifbo
b) N,P,Q,R,S,T,V,W,X,Z undosh harflarining
o ‘qilishi.
Grammar: a) Aniq artikl.
b) K o‘rsatish olmoshlari.
c) Fe’lning noaniq shakli. Buyruq mayli.
Buyruq gapda ohang.
d) Yo‘nalish old ko‘makchilariri.
Text: MY FRIEND
Dialogue.

UNDOSH HARFLARNING 0 ‘QILISH

QOIDALARI
11. N n harfi [n] tovushini beradi:
nature, nabour, next.
12. P p harfi [p] tovushini beradi:
past, pavement, payment.
13. Q q harfi [kw] tovushini beradi:
question, quality, quantity.

14. R r harfi [r] tovushini beradi. So‘z oxirida kelsa

o ‘qilmaydi:
rubber, radiation, radio.

15. S s harfi ikki unli o ‘rtasida [z] tovushini, qolgan

holatlarda [s] tovushini beradi:
18
 saw, sawdust, please, seise.

16. T t harfi [t] tovushini beradi:

train, town clerk, trade, traffic.

17. V v harfi [v] tovushini beradi:

volt, voult, vehicle.

18. W w harfi [w] tovushini beradi:

wall, window.

19. X x harfi [gz ] va [ks] tovushlarini beradi:

X-engine, X-bit, examination.

20. Z z harfi [z] tovushini beradi:

zero, zebra.

ANIQ ARTIKL
(D EFIN ITE A RTICLE)

Aniq artikl the, (this, that) ko‘rsatish olmoshidan

kelib chiqqan bo‘lib, o'sha, o'shalar, ushbu, mazkur kabi
m a’nolami ifodalaydi.
Aniq artikl «the» grafik jihatdan bir xil, fonetik
jihatdan ikki xil ko‘rinishga ega.
Aniq artikl undosh harf bilan boshlanadigan otlar
oldidan [5e], unli harf bilan boshlanadigan otlar oldidan
[5i] deb o ‘qiladi.
textbook inkpot
apple
Institute
armchair

19
Aniq artikl asosan quyidagi holatlarda ishlatiladi:

1. Biror predmet haqida avval gapirilgan bo‘Isa yoki

gap tinglovchiga tanish predmet yoki shaxs haqida
borsa:
Give me the book, please.

2. Ot yagona, tanho predmetni ifodalab kelsa:

the moon, the sky, the sun, the earth, the world.
3. Har xil tashkilot, ayrim davlat, agentlik, klub,
nashriyot, mehmonxona nomlarini bildiruvchi otlar
oldida:
the Times, the Republic o f Uzbekistan, the Longman.
4. Okean, dengiz, daryo, tog‘, tog‘ tizmalari, orol,
yarim orollar nomlari oldidan:
the Pacific Ocean, the Volga, the Urals, the Black Sea,
the Rocky mountains.

5. Gap m a’lum bir millatning tili haqida borganda:

the English language, the Uzbek language.

6. Ikki yoki undan ortiq so‘zdan iborat davlat nomlari

oldidan:
the USA, the Republic o f Uzbekistan.
E s l a t m a : Great Britain bundan mustasno.
7. Tartib sonlar oldidan:
the first o f September, the fifth o f May.

8. Sifatning orttirma darajasi oldidan:

the best, the most beautiful.
 9. Urush nomlari oldidan, Jahon urushlari bundan
mustasno:
the Cold War, the Crimean War.
10. Quyidagi so‘zlar oldidan:
same They study at the same University,
following Learn the following words,
last He was the last who came into the
room.
thei next We are waiting for the next bus.
very She is the very girl who we need,
only He is the only student in the
classroom.
previous The previous lesson was on Friday.

11. Tarixiy hujjatlar oldidan:

the Constitution o f Uzbekistan.

12. Aniq artikl atoqli otlardan tashqari hamma otlar

oldida qoilaniladi:
the notebook, the university, the president.

Aniq artikl quyidagi hollarda

ishlatilmaydi:
1. Sanalmaydigan otlar oldidan:
water, air, milk, fire.
2. Oy nomlari oldidan:
September, October, November.
3. Atoqli otlar oldidan:
Rex, Tom, Smith.
21
 4. Birlikdagi ko‘l nomlari oldidan:

Lake Geneva, Lake Baykal.

5. Vulqon nomlari oldidan:

Mount Wisuvius.

6. Sayyora va yulduz nomlari oldidan:

Mars, Yupiter, Venus, Orion.

7. Bayram nomlari oldidan:

Christmas, Thanksgivingday.

8. Quyidagi so‘zlardan oldin:

breakfast, lunch, dinner, home, school, college,

church.

9. Atoqli otlar bilan boshlangan maktab, kollej,

universitet nomlari oldidan:
Coper’s Art School, Stetson University.

10. Bir so‘zdan iborat bo‘lgan davlat nomlari

oldidan:

China, France, Uzbekistan.

11. Dunyo qit’alari oldidan:

Europe, Africa, South America, Australia.

12. Shtatlaming nomlari oldidan:

Florida, Ohio, California.

13. Sport turlari oldidan:

baseball, basket-ball, football.
 14. Abstrakt otlar oldidan:
freedom, happiness, love.
15. Quyidagi iboralar oldidan:
week
year
time
last (next) night
winter
summer
spring
autumn
16. Fanlar nomlari oldidan:
physics, chemistry, mathematics.

KO‘RSATISH OLMOSHLARI
(DEMONSTRATIVE PRONOUNS)

This ko‘rsatish olmoshi so‘zlovchiga yaqin turgan,

that ko‘rsatish olmoshi esa so‘zlovchidan uzoqda turgan
birlikdagi narsa yoki shaxslami ifodalashda ishlatiladi.
This - mana bu
That - ana u
This is a pencil and that is a pen.
- Mana bu qalam, ana u esa ruchka.
This ko‘rsatish olmoshining ko‘plik shakli these,
that ko‘rsatish olmoshining ko‘plik shakli those dir.
These are students.
- Mana bular talabalar.
Those are teachers.
- Ana ular o ‘qituvchilar.
23
 FE’LNING NOANIQ SHAKLI
(INFINITIVE)

Ingliz tilida fe’lning noaniq shakli «to» yuklamasi

bilan ifodalanadi.
0 ‘zbek tilida esa «-moq» qo‘shimchasi orqali
ifodalanadi.
b o im o q - to be
yordam bermoq - to help
bormoq - to go
olmoq - to take
B oiishsiz shakli fe’lning noaniq shakli oldidan not
inkor yuklamasini qo‘yish orqali yasaladi.
not to be not to go
not to give not to take

BUYRUQ MAYLI
(IMPERATIVE MOOD)

Ingliz tilida fe’lning buyruq maylini hosil qilish

uchun fe’lning infinitiv shakli oldidagi to yuklamasi olib
tashlanadi.
0 ‘zbek tilida esa fe’lning buyruq maylini hosil
qilish uchun infinitiv shaklidan -moq qo‘shimchasi olib
tashlanadi.
Be at home ! - Uyda boiing!
Stand up ! - Turing!
Go out ! - Tashqariga chiqing !
Buyruq maylining bo‘lishsiz shakli buyruq mayli
oldidan do not qo‘yish orqali yasaladi.
Do not be at home ! - Uyda boim ang!

24
 Do not stand up ! - Turmang!
Do not go ! - Bormang!
Iltimos m a’nosini bildiruvchi gaplar please, would
you please iboralari orqali ifodalanadi. «please» so‘zi
gap boshida, oxirida yoki o ‘rtasida kelishi mumkin va u
har doim ikkala tomonidan vergul bilan ajratiladi.
Please, help me.
Would you please, help me.
would you please ishlatilgan gaplaming inkor shakli
shu iboradan keyin not inkor yuklamasini qo‘yish orqali
yasaladi.
Would you please, not make a noise.
BUYRUQ GAPNING OHANGI

Buyruq gapda ohang pasayuvchi b oiadi.

Come to the lesson!
Be at the lesson!

YO‘NALISH OLD KO‘MAKCHILARI

(PREPOSITIONS OF DIRECTION)

to - ....ga to school - maktabga

into - ichiga into the room - xonaning ichiga
from - ...dan from the Institute - institutdan
out o f - ...dan out o f the room - xonadan tashqariga
Exercise 1. Learn the new words o f the text «My friend».

pen-friend - xat yozishib turadigan do‘st

from America - Amerikadan
know - bilmoq
want - xohlamoq
learn - o ‘rganmoq
study - ta’lim olmoq

25
 the best student - eng a ’lochi talaba
handball - qo‘l to‘pi
have a rest - dam olmoq
at the sea-side - dengiz bo‘yida
old Hollywood movies - eski Gollivud filmlari
dream - orzu

Exercise 2.Read the text and discuss it.

Text: MY FRIEND

I have a pen-friend. His name is Bill. He is from

America. He is 16 years old. He lives in California. He
knows English very well and wants to learn Uzbek. He
studies at the Vocational college in California. He is
one o f the best students o f his college. He has 2 or 3
lessons a day. He learns mathematics, history o f America,
geography, English and other subjects at college. He is
fond o f sports. He goes in for handball. He enjoys having
a rest on the sea-side. He likes American and Uzbek food.
He also likes old Hollywood movies and English music.
He has never been to Uzbekistan. His dream is to come
to our country.

Exercise 3. Make up sentences with the following words and

expressions using the grammar o f the lesson.

A pen-friend, from America, know English, the

students o f college, other subjects, is fond o f sports, go
in for handball, enjoy having a rest, on the sea-side, old
Hollywood movies, dream, at the party, in London, come
to London, on business, advertising agency, for the first
time, a nice party.

26
 Exercise 4. Answer the following questions according to the
text «My friend».

1. Who is Bill? 2. Where is Bill from? 3. Where does

he live? 4. W hat language does he know? 5. Where does
he study? 6. W hat subjects does he learn at college? 7.
W hat does he enjoy? 8. W hat does he like? 9. What is
his dream?
Exercise 5. Read the dialogue and remember usefull
expressions.
DIALOGUE
Bill and Kate are at the party. They meet at the party
in London.
Bill: Good evening! What is your name?
Kate: My name is Kate. And what about you?
Bill: My name is Bill. Are you English?
Kate: No, I am Spanish. I study at Vocational college
in London. And what about you?
Bill: I came to London on business. I work for the
advertising agency. I am for the first time in London. I
am glad to meet you.
Kate: So, am I. Have a nice party. Good bye.
Bill: And the same to you. Good bye.
Exercise 6. Repeat the following words after the announcer
and explain the pronounciation o f the consonant letters n,p,q,r,
S,t,V,WJC,Z,

Name, fun, exam, test, zero, rest, sequence, easy,

please, water, risk, dinner, vote, simple, request, question,
well, win, winter, fax, zoo, tend, sit, task, some, same.
Exercise 7. Put definite article th e where it is necessary.

... Great B ritain,... Tashkent,... U S A ,... s u n ,... moon,

... Urals, ... p resid en t... next bus, ... September, ... Tom,
27
... Karimovs, ... lake Baykal, ... new year, ... school,
... South America, ... hockey, ... love, ... last month, ...
mathemetics.
Exercise 8. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Mana bu kitob inglizcha, ana unisi esa o ‘zbekcha.

2.B u talabalar amerikalik. 3. Menga ana u jum alni
bering. 4. Unga Milliy Bankka borish yo‘lini ko‘rsating.
5. Iltimos, ana u talabani chaqiring. 6. Iltimos, derazani
yoping. 7. Mana bu tekstni tarjima qiling. 8. Ko‘chani
kesib o ‘tmang!
Exercise 9. Fill in the blanks with the necessary demonstrative
pronouns.

1.... is a desk, b u t... are tables. 2 .... student is the best

at his college. 3. ... students are from England. 4. Clean
... window. 5. Read ... text and translate it. 6. ... words
are very difficult for me. 7. ... book is not interesting. 8.
Would you please bring me ... register.

Exercise 10. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Kitobingizni sumkaning ichidan oling. 2. Xonadan

tashqariga chiqing. 3. Ertaga darsga kelmang. 4. Dekan
huzuriga boring. 5. Doskaga chiqing. 6. Darslarga kech
qolmang. 7. 0 ‘zbekistonga tashrif buyuring. 8. Sinf
xonasiga o ‘z vaqtida kiring.

Exercise 11. Translate the following sentences into English

using the active vocabulary o f the lesson.

1. Men Kalifomiya kasb-hunar kolleji talabasiman.

2. U qo‘l to ‘piga qiziqadi. 3. Men ish yuzasidan
Kalifomiyaga borib turaman. 4. Uning orzusi o ‘zbek
tilini o‘rganish. 5. Ana u talabalar hozir darsdalar. 6. Men
28
dengiz bo‘yida dam olishni yaxshi ko‘raman. 7. Iltimos,
menga bu qoidani yana bir marta tushuntiring. 8. Ana u
kishi sizning do‘stingizmi?
Exercise 12. Complete the sentences according to the text
using the words in the brackets.
(Hollywood movies, having a rest, studies, handball, fond
of, lives, pen-friend, to learn).

1. I have a ... . 2. He ... in California. 3. He knows

English very well and wants ... Uzbek. 4. He is ... sports.
5. He ... at the Vocational college in California. 6. He
goes in for ... . 7. He enjoys ... at the sea-side. 8. He also
likes old ... and English music.
Exercise 13. Speak about your friend using the text «My
friend».

Exercise 14. Learn the dialogue by heart.

Exercise 15. Find out words for reading rules o f consonant

letters n,p,q,r,s,t,v,w^c,z and try to read them correctly.

Exercise 16. Retell the text «My friend».

29
LESSON 3 (8 hours)

Phonetics a) Alifbo
b) Ingliz tili unlilarining IV tur bo‘g ‘inida o ‘qilish
qoidalari.
Grammar: a) to have fe’lining hozirgi noaniq zamonda
tuslanishi.
b) Egalik olmoshlari va ulaming turlari.
Text: MY FAMILY
Dialogue.

UNLI HARFLARNING 0 ‘QILISH QOIDALARI

I tur bo‘g‘in
A a [ei] same, name, sale, lane, labour
0 о [ou] owe, no, go, open, telephone
U u [ju:] unit, tube, numeral, nutrient
E e [i:] be, he, negotiate, engineer, elastic
1 i [ai] nice, site, time, thrice
Y у [ai] my, dynamic, type-writer
II tur bo‘g‘in
А а [аг] map, ran, rag-bolt, raffle, raft
0 о [э] not, hot, got, doll, office
U u [И] nut, cut, function, shut down
E e [e ] ten, effect, mechanizm, end
1 i [i] fix, simple, in, import
Y у [i] gym, myth

30
 I ll tur bo‘g‘in

A a [a:] car, part, farm, arm, scar

0 о [э:] for, form, portal, porter
U u [o:] turn, hurt, nurse, furniture
E e [э:] her, ferment, determine, intergent
1 i [э:] bird, girl, first, sir, sircar
Y у [э:] Byrd

IV tur bo‘g‘in
А а [шэ] care, careful, rare
0 о [э:] more, before, foreknow,forehand
U u [juo] cure, mure, during
E e [io] here, periodically
1 i [аю] hire, fire
Y у [aio] tyre

To have fe’lining
HOZIRGI NOANIQ ZAMONDA TUSLANISHI
(bor bo‘lmoq, ega boMmoq degan ma’nolarni
anglatadi)

To have fe’li hozirgi noaniq zamonda ikki shaklga

ega: III shaxs birlik uchun has, qolgan hamma shaxslar
uchun birlik va ko‘plikda have shakliga ega :

Birlik

I. I have I have a book

II. You have You have a book
III. He has He has a book
She has She has a book
It has It has a nest
31
 Kuplik

I. We have We have books

II. You have You have books
III. They have They have books

To have fe’lining hozirg i noaniq zamon so‘roq shakli

to do ko‘makchi fe’lining tegishli shakli (do/does)ni
egadan oldinga qo‘yish orqali yasaladi.

Birlik

I. Do I have? Do I have a book?

II. Do you have? Do you have a book?
III. Does he have? Does he have a book?
Does she have? Does she have a book?
Does it have? Does it have a nest?

Kuplik
I. Do we have? Do we have books?
II. Do you have? Do you have books?
III. Do they have? Do they have books?

To have fe’lining hozirgi noaniq zamon boTishsiz

shakli to have fe’lining have shaklidan oldin do not,
does not ni qo‘yish orqali yasaladi:

Birlik
I. I do not have I do not have a book
II. You do not have You do not have a book
III. He does not have He does not have a book
She does not have She does not have a book
32
 It does not have It does not have a nest
Kuplik
I. We do not have We do not have books
II. You do not have You do not have books
III. They do not have They do not have books
To have fe’liga iboralar
to have a rest - dam olmoq
to have a headache - bosh og‘rimoq
to have a toothache - tish og‘rimoq
to have a good time - vaqtni yaxshi o ‘tkazmoq
to have breakfast - nonushta qilmoq
to have dinner - tushlik qilmoq
to have supper - kechki ovqatni yemoq
to have tea - choy ichmoq
to have a fever - isitmasi bor bo‘lmoq
to have a stomachache - qomi og‘rimoq
to have a sore throat - tomog‘i og‘rimoq

EGALIK OLMOSHLARI
(POSSESSIVE PRONOUNS)

0 ‘zbek tilida bo‘lgani kabi ingliz tilida ham egalik

olmoshlari mavjud. Ingliz tilida har bir kishilik olmoshiga
muvofiq keluvchi egalik olmoshi bo‘lib, u taalluqlilik,
egalik m a’nolarini anglatadi va Whose? so‘rog‘iga javob
beradi.
Egalik olmoshlari gapda otni aniqlab, doimo un-
dan oldin keladi. Egalik olmoshili ot oldida artikl ish-
latilmaydi.
Our lesson is over.
Read your sentence, please.

3- Ingliz tili, I qism 33

 Agar otning boshqa aniqlovchilari b o isa , egalik
olmoshi ulardan oldin qo‘yiladi.
Give me your red pencil, please.

Ingliz tilidagi egalik olmoshlari quyidagi xususiyatlar

bilan o ‘zbek tilidagi egalik olmoshlaridan farq qiladi:
Ingliz tilida sening egalik olmoshi y o ‘q, uning o ‘mida
sizning egalik olmoshi ishlatiladi.

EGALIK OLMOSHLARI SHAXSLAR BO‘YICHA

QUYIDAGICHA:
Birlik
oddiy shakli absolyut shakli
I. My Mening Mine Meniki
II. Your Sizning Yours Sizniki
III. His Uning His Uniki
Her Uning Hers Uniki
Its Uning Its Uniki

K o ‘plik
I. Our Bizning Ours Bizniki
II. Your Sizning Yours Sizniki
III. Their Ulaming Theirs Ulamiki

Egalik olmoshlarining oddiy shaklidan keyin har

doim ot ishlatiladi. Absolut shaklidan keyin esa, ot
ishlatilmaydi.
This is my book. - Bu mening kitobim.
This book is mine. - Bu kitob meniki.

Exercise 1. Learn the new words o f the text «My friend»,

family - oila
34
 little - kichkina
live - yashamoq
big - katta
house - hovli
car - avtomobil, mashina
years old - yoshda
elder brother - aka
study - ta ’lim olmoq
niece - jiyan (qiz)
nephew - jiyan (o‘g ‘il)
Exercise 2. Read the text and discuss it.

Text: MY FAMILY

Let me introduce myself. My name is Ann. I have a

family. I have a mother, a father, 2 brothers and a little
sister. I also have two aunts, two uncles, 6 nieces, 7
nephews and 3 cousins. We live in Bukhara. We have a
big house.
My father works at a plant as an engineer. He has a
car. He is fifty years old. My mother is a teacher at the
Vocational collyege. She is 47 years old. My elder brother
is 23 years old. He studies at the University.
My second brother is 20 years old. He studies at
Technological Institute.
I am 16 years old. I study at the Vocational college in
Bukhara.
My little sister is 13 years old. She is in form 6.

Exercise 3. Make up sentences with the following words and

expressions using the grammar o f the lesson.

Introduce, niece, nephew, cousin, a big house, at a

plant, an engineer, a car, a teacher, elder brother, at the
University, second brother, at Technological Institute,
35
little sister, to have a toothache, to have a good command
of, to have a good time, to have a lesson.
Exercise 4. Answer the following questions according to the
text «My family».

1. Who has a family? 2. How many people are there

in her family? 3. W hat kind o f house do they have? 4.
What is her father and where does he work? 5. Where
does her mother work? 6. W hat is she? 7. Where does her
elder brother study? 8. Where does her second brother
study?
Exercise 5. Read the dialogue and remember usefull
expressions.

DIALOGUE

A. Do you have a family?

B. Yes, I do. I have a family.
A. Is your family large?
B. No, it is not. I have a father, a mother and a little
brother.
A. Are they in Bukhara?
B. No, they are not. They are in Tashkent.
A. Do they have a big house?
B. No, they have a little house.
A. Where is this house?
B. It is in the centre o f Tashkent.

Exercise 6. Repeat the following words after the announcer

and try to read them correctly.

Union, University, bed, face, hand, kitchen, keep,

generation, gift, demand, delegation, defeat, degree, cycle,
foot, free, fuel, fund, fur, physician, special, academician,

36
pencil, coal, ceiling, cut, cylinder, cat, an ear, an ox, an
hour, an Institute, an eye, an ointment, nature, nabour,
next, past, pavement, payment, question, quality, quantity,
rubber, radiation, radio, same, name, sale, lane, labour,
owe, no, go,open, telephone, unit, tube, numeral, nutate,
be, he, negotiate, engineer, elastic, nice, site,time, thrice,
my, dynamic, type writer, map, ran, rag-bolt, raffle,
raft, not, hot, got, absolute, office, nut, cut, function,
shutdown, ten, media, effect, mechanizm, fix, simple,
machine, technique gym, myth, physics, physiology,
car, part, farm, arm, scar for, form, portal, porter, turn,
hurt, nurse, furniture, her, ferment, determine, intergent,
bird, girl, first, sir, car, Byrd, care, careful, rare, more,
before, foreknow, forehand, cure, mure, during, here,
periodically, hire, fire, tyre.
Exercise 7. Fill in the blanks with the proper possessive
pronoun in the brackets.

1. ... college is in the centre o f the town (our, ours).

2. This watch is not ... (my, mine). 3. ... mother is an
English teacher (her, hers). 4. That translation is ... (your,
yours) 5. We are proud o f... country (our, ours). 6. Thank
you for ... help (your, yours). 7. The book on the table is
... (my, mine). 8. I want to help ... friend (my, mine).

Exercise 8. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Karimning juda ko‘p do‘stlari bor. 2. Institutimiz-

ning 3 ta binosi bor. 3. Men odatda darsdan keyin dam
olaman. 4. Uning bugun bo‘sh vaqti yo‘q. 5. Biz har doim
institut oshxonasida tushlik qilamiz. 6. Siz kechki ovqatni
oilangiz bilan birga yeysizmi? 7. Men kechqurunlari
qahva ichmayman. 8. Ular, odatda, ovqatdan keyin choy
ichadilar.
37
 Exercise 9. Translate the following sentences into Uzbek
paying attention to the possessive pronouns.
1. This is your book and that is mine. 2. These are
his pens and those are hers. 3. This is my hat and that
is yours. 4. This is our classroom and that is yours. 5.
These are my pencils and those are hers. 6. These are my
students and those are his.
Exercise 10. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Men har doim oilam bilan nonushta qilaman.

2. Qachon men kasal bo‘lsam, mening isitmam chiqadi.
3. Uning boshi qattiq og‘riyapti. 4. Biz matematika va
ingliz tilini yaxshi bilamiz. 5. Bizning kollejimizning
ikkita binosi bor. 6. Uning akasi yozda dengiz bo‘yida
dam oladi. 7. Mening tishim og‘riyapti. 8. U, odatda,
do‘stlari bilan kollej oshxonasida tushlik qiladi.
Exercise 11. Translate the following sentences into English
using the active vocabulary o f the lesson.

1. Uning katta akasida yengil mashina bor. 2. Mening

jiyanim yozda Toshkentda dam oladi. 3. Biz kollej
oshxonasida tushlik qilamiz. 4. Ulaming buvi va bobosida
katta hovli bor. 5. Bizning shahrimiz uzoq tarixga ega. 6.
Mening singlimning har kuni ikki yoki uchta darsi bor.
7. U isitmalayapti. 8. Mening onam hech qachon kechki
ovqatni yemaydi.
Exercise 12. Speak about your family using the text «My
family».
Exercise 13. Learn the dialogue by heart.
Exercise 14. Find out words for reading rules o f English
vowels and try to read them correctly.
Exercise 15. Retell the text «My family».

38
LESSON 4 (8 hours)

Phonetics: a) Mute (e) (talaffuz qilinmaydigan ye)

b) Undosh harf birikmalarining o ‘qilish qoidalari.
Grammar: a) Sifat darajalari)
b) as...as, not so... as iboralarining qiyoslash
maqsadida ishlatilishi.
Text: MY NATIVE TOWN
Dialogue.

MUTE (E) TALAFFUZ QILINMAYDIGAN (YE)

e unli harfi ikki yoki undan ortiq bo‘g‘inli so‘zlaming

oxirida kelsa, talaffuz qilinmaydi.
name, came, game, people, table, bottle.

UNDOSH HARF BIRIKMALARINING

0 ‘QILISHI

sh harf birikmasi [J] tovushini ifodalaydi.

M a s a l a n : ship, shop, sheep,

ch [tj] va [k] tovushlarini ifodalaydi.

Masalan:

[tf] child, children

ch
[k] technical, chemistry, chemist,
chemical

th harf birikmasi [6] va [e] tovushlarini ifodalaydi.

39
 ot tarkibida kelsa: mouth, north, thing
sifat tarkibida kelsa: thin
th [e] ^ — son tarkibida kelsa: fifth, three
fe’l tarkibida kelsa: thank, think
so‘z boshida va oxirida kelsa: thesis,
bath, youth, truth
•olmoshlar tarkibida kelsa: this, that,
they, those
th [5]^ ikki unli o ‘rtasida kelsa: mother,father,
brother
bogiovchilar tarkibida kelsa: than, that
tch [t] deb o‘qiladi.
watch, match, catch,

ck harf birikmasi [k] deb o ‘qiladi.

clock, cock.

ph harf birikmasi [f] deb o ‘qiladi.

photo, physical, phylosophy, phone.

wh harf birikmasi о harfi oldidan [h] deb, qolgan

holatlarda [w] deb o ‘qiladi.

/ [h] who, whom, whose

wh ^
[w] what, when, where, which
gh harf birikmasi ko‘p hollarda o ‘qilmaydi,
i+gh - high, sigh,
i+ght - night, right, fight
B a’zi bir hollarda [f] tovushini beradi.
enough, laugh, rough
40
 wr harf birikmasi [r] deb o ‘qiladi.
write, wrote, wrist, wry.
kn harf birikmasi [n] deb o‘qiladi.
know, knee, knew.

SIFAT DARAJALARI
(DEGREES O F A D JECTIV ES)
as...as, not so...as iboralarining qiyoslash maqsadida
ishlatilishi
Predmetdagi bir xil belgini miqdoriga ko‘ra nisbatlab
yoki ish harakatdagi holatni o ‘zaro bir-biridan farqlash
hodisasi sifat va ravish darajalari deyiladi.
Ingliz tilida ham sifat o ‘zbek tilidagidek quyidagi uch
darajaga ega.
1) oddiy daraja - positive degree
2) qiyosiy daraja - comperative degree
3) orttirma daraja - superlative degree

Bir b o ‘g ‘inli sifatlaming qiyosiy darajasi oddiy

darajadagi sifatga -er qo‘shimchasini qo‘shish orqali
yasaladi.
Bu qo‘shimcha o‘zbek tilidagi -roq qo‘shimchasiga
to‘g‘ri keladi.
short - shorter = qisqa - qisqaroq
late - later = kech - kechroq

Bir bo‘g‘inli sifatlaming orttirma darajasi oddiy

darajadagi sifatga -est qo‘shimchasini qo‘shish orqali
yasaladi.
Bu qo‘shimcha o‘zbek tilida sifat oldida keladigan
eng, juda so‘zlariga mos keladi.

41
 short - shorter - the shortest
qisqa - qisqaroq - eng qisqa
late - later - the latest
kech - kechroq - eng kech
K o‘p bo‘g ‘inli sifatlaming qiyosiy darajasi oddiy
darajadagi sifat oldiga more so‘zini qo‘yish orqali
yasaladi.
important - more important
muhim - muhimroq
interesting - more interesting
qiziqarli - qiziqarliroq
K o‘p bo‘g‘inli sifatlaming orttirma darajasi oddiy
darajadagi sifat oldiga the most so‘zini qo‘yish orqali
yasaladi.
important - more important - the most important
muhim - muhimroq - eng muhim
interesting - more interesting - the most interesting
qiziqarli - qiziqarliroq - eng qiziq
Ba’zi bir sifatlaming qiyosiy va orttirma darajalari
boshqa negizlardan yasaladi.
good - better - the best
yaxshi - yaxshiroq - eng yaxshi
bad - worse - the worst
yomon - yomonroq - eng yomon
many (much) - more - the most
ko‘p - ko‘proq - eng ko‘p
Teng predmetlami chog‘ishtirishda sifatning oddiy
darajasi as....as iborasidan foydalaniladi.
0 ‘zbek tilida «xuddi shunday» deb beriladi.
Karim is as clever as his brother.
42
 Birlik
I. I have as many books as you have.
II. You have as many books as I have.
III. He has as many books as you have.
She has as many books as you have.
К о 6p l i k
I. We have as many books as you have.
И. You have as many books as they have.
III. They have as many books as you have.

Sifat yoki son jihatdan teng bo‘lmagan predmetlami

chog‘ishtirishda not s o as iborasidan foydalaniladi.
0 ‘zbek tilida «shunday emas» deb beriladi.

Birlik
I. I have not so many books as you have.
II. You have not so many books as I have.
III. He has not so many books as you have.
She has not so many books as you have.
Ко ‘plik
I. We have not so many books as you have.
II. You have not so many books as they have.
III. They have not so many books as you have.
Exercise 1. Learn the new words o f the text «My native
town».

be bom - tug‘ilmoq
native town - ona shahar
ancient - qadimiy
beautiful - chiroyli
part - qism
43
 building - bino
modem shops - zamonaviy do‘konlar
hospital - kasalxona
situated - joylashtirilgan
factory - fabrika
in the open air - ochiq havoda
famous monument - mashhur yodgorlik
all over the world - dunyo bo‘ylab
mausoleum - maqbara
Exercise 2. Read the text and discuss it.

Text: MY NATIVE TOWN

I was bom in Bukhara, it is my native town. It is an

ancient and a very beautiful town. There are 2 parts in
our town: the new part and the old one. In the new part
there are many new buildings and modem shops. Most
o f schools and hospitals are situated in the new part.
Here are also situated the University, Technological and
Medical Institutes, plants, factories, colleges and many
others.
The old part o f our town is the museum in the open
air. All ancient monuments are situated here. Such
famous monument as Minaret Kalyan is known all over
the world. A lot o f tourists come to our town to see our
famous Ulegbek’s madressah, Nadirdivanbigi madressah,
Mokhi-Khosa, Ismail Samani mausoleum and others. I
like my town very much.
Exercise 3. Make up sentences with the following words and
expressions using the grammar o f the lesson.

Be bom, native town, ancient, parts, modem shops,

most of, be situated, Technological and Medical Institutes,
44
museum in the open air, ancient monument, famous,
medrese.
Exercise 4. Answer the following questions according to the
text «My native town».

1. Where were you bom? 2. What kind o f town is

your native town? 3. How many parts are there in your
native town? 4. What are there in the old part o f your
native town? 5. What are there in the new part o f your
town? 6. Do you like your native town?
Exercise 5. Read the dialogue and remember usefull
expressions.

DIALOGUE

Two old friends met in the street.

John: Oh, Roger! We haven’t met for ages!
Roger: Hello, John! How are you?
John: Hello, fine. We must keep this matter.
Roger: OK. Let’s go to the restaurant.
John: A good idea. Let’s go.

Two old friends are sitting at table in the restaurant to

keep their meeting.
Roger: What would you like to have, John?
John: I’d like to have fried chicken, salad and des­
sert.
Roger I prefer fish to fried chicken.
John: Would you like any drinks, Roger?
Roger: Yes, I like to have apple juice.
John: But I like pine-apple juice.

Two old friends have kept their meeting and parted

saying Good bye to each other.
45
 Exercise 6. Repeat the following words after the announcer
and try to read them correctly.

Physician, writer, wrong, wry, knock, wrap, catch,

tooth, threat, then, myth, mouth, brother, church,
chemistry, chess, check, charity, watch, clock, fish, show,
chamber, daughter, high, fight, night, where, which,
whole, whose, other.
Exercise 7. Fill in the blanks with the proper form o f the
adjectives in the brackets.

1. He is ... student in his group (good, better, the best).

2. That book is not so ... as that one (interesting, more
interesting, the most interesting). 3. She is as ... as her
sister ( tall, taller, the tallest). 4. The Thames is ... than
the Seven (long, longer, the longest). 5. Baykal is ... lake
in the world ( deep, deeper, the deepest). 6. He is as ...
as his friend (clever, cleverer, the cleverest). 7. This is ...
girl I have ever seen (beautiful, more beautiful, the most
beautiful). 8. She is a ... teacher (good, better, the best).
Exercise 8. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Niagara Janubiy Amerikadagi eng baland sharshara.

2. Mana bu xona ana u xonadek yorug‘ emas. 3. Ana u
kitob mana bunisiga qaraganda zerikarliroq. 4. Mana bu
uy ana u uydek katta. 5. U guruhning eng a ’lochi talabasi.
6. Baykal dunyodagi eng chuqur ko‘l. 7. Amudaryo
Temza daryosiga qaraganda uzunroq. 8. U zavoddagi eng
tajribali muhandis.
Exercise 9. Translate the following sentences into English
using the active vocabulary o f the lesson.

1. Mening ona shahrim men uchun dunyodagi eng

chiroyli shaharlardan biridir. 2. Shahaming yangi qismi
46
eski qismiga qaraganda kattaroqdir. 3. Somoniylar
maqbarasi Ulug‘bek madrasasiga qaraganda qadimiyroq-
dir. 4. Buxoro dunyodagi qadimiy shaharlardan biridir.
5. Bu shahardagi eng yaxshi kasalxonadir. 6. U a ’lochi
talabadir. 7. Kitobning bu qismi u qismiga qaraganda
qiziqarliroqdir. 8. Men ona shahrimni juda yaxshi ko‘-
raman.
Exercise 10. Translate the following sentences into Uzbek.

1. Is Bukhara as large as Samarkand? -N o , Samarkand

is larger. 2. This suit case is better than the other two. 3.
Turkmenistan is not so sunny as Uzbekistan. 4. This is
the most comfortable flat in this block o f flats. 5. She
is the best student in the group. 6. Africa is the hottest
continent in the world. 7. This film is more interesting
than the film I saw last week. 8. This writer is popular
for his good works.
Exercise 11. Speak about your native town using the text «My
native town».

Exercise 12. Learn the dialogue by heart.

Exercise 13. Find out words for reading rules o f English

vowels and try to read them correctly.

Exercise 14. Retell the text «My family».

47
LESSON 5 (8 hours)

Phonetics: a) Unli harf birikmalarining o ‘qilish qoidalari.

Grammar: a) 0 ‘rin-joy old kelishiklari.
b) There is/are; here it is ... oborotlari.
Text: a) MY FLAT
b) THE GEOGRAPHYCAL POSITION OF
UZBEKISTAN
Dialogue.

oo, ее, ea, ai, ay, oi, oy, oa, ou - UNLI HARF
BIRIKMALARINING 0 ‘QILISH QOIDALARI

к harfidan oldin kelsa, [u] deb o ‘qiladi,

oo qolgan holatlarda [u:] deb o ‘qiladi,
qoidadan tashqari [A] deb o ‘qiladi.

z ' [u] cook, look, took, book

oo — [u:] zoo, moon, too, school, soon
[A] blood
ее harf birikmasi [i:] deb o ‘qiladi.
M a s a l a n : meet, feet, week, needle
ea harf birikmasi [i:] deb o ‘qiladi.
M a s a l a n : weak, tea, read, seat
ea harf birikmasi th,t,d dan oldin kelsa, [e] deb
o‘qiladi.
M a s a l a n : death, threat, dead
ai harf birikmasi [ei] deb o ‘qiladi.
M a s a l a n : rain, gain, pain, main
ay harf birikmasi urg‘uli bo‘g ‘inda [ei] deb o‘qiladi.

48
 M a s a la n : day, may, way
ay harf birikmasi urg‘usiz bo‘g‘inda [i] deb o‘qiladi.
M a s a la n : Monday, birthday
oi harf birikmasi [oi] deb o‘qiladi.
M a s a la n : oil, boil, join, coin
oy harf birikmasi [oi]deb o ‘qiladi.
M a s a la n : boy, toy, enjoy
oa harf birikmasi [ou] deb o ‘qiladi.
M a s a la n : coat, goat, boat, road
ou harf birikmasi [au] deb o‘qiladi.
M a s a la n : out, count, round, about.

0 ‘RIN-JOY OLD KELISHIQLARI

(PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE)

on predlogi shaxs yoki predmetning biror narsaning

ustidaligini ifodalaydi.
on the ground - yerda, yeming ustida
in predlogi shaxs yoki predmetning biror narsaning
ichidaligini ko‘rsatadi.
in the bag - sumkada, sumkaning ichida
at - yonida
at the blackboard - doska yonida
in front o f - oldida
in front o f the Institute - institut oldida
across - orqali
across the bridge - ko‘prik orqali
under - tagida
under the table - stol tagida
near - yaqinida
4- Ingliz tili, I qism 49
 near the market - bozor yaqinida
between - o ‘rtasida (2 ta predmet yoki shaxs o ‘rta-
sida)
between the 2 windows - 2 ta deraza o ‘rtasida
among - orasida ( 2 tadan ortiq predmet yoki shaxs
orasida)
among the people - odamlar orasida
next to - bilan yonma-yon
next to me - men bilan yonma-yon

opposite - qarshisida
opposite the shop - magazin qarshisida
above - yuqorisida
above the sea - dengiz yuqorisida

behind - orqasida
behind the door - eshik orqasida.

THERE IS/ARE IBORASI

There is/are iborasi biror predmet yoki predmetlar

guruhining muayyan joyda bor yoki у о 'qligini ko‘rsatish
uchun ishlatiladi.
Birlikdagi sanaladigan va sanalmaydigan otlami
ifodalash uchun there is, ko‘plikdagi sanaladigan otlami
ifodalash uchun there are iborasi qoilaniladi.
There is 1 book on the table.
- Stol ustida bitta kitob bor.
There are 10 students in the classroom.
- Sinfxonada 10 nafar talaba bor.
50
 So‘roq shakli shu iboradagi is yoki are ni egadan
oldinga qo‘yish orqali yasaladi.
Is there 1 book on the table?
- Yes, there is.
- No, there is not.

Are there 10 students in the classroom?

- Yes, there are.
- No, there are not.
B o‘lishsiz shakli there is yoki there are iborasidan
keyin not inkor yuklamasini qo‘yish orqali yasaladi.

There is not 1 book on the table.

There are not 10 students in the classroom.

HERE IT IS... OBOROTI

here it is... oboroti «mana, marhamat» degan
m a’nolami anglatadi.
here it is ... oboroti biror narsani berishni yoki biror
narsaning qayerda ekanligi so‘ralganda, ularga javob
berishda ishlatiladi.
- Would you give me that book?
- Here it is. (marhamat)
- Where is my pen?
- Here it is. (mana)
Exercise 1. Learn the new words o f the text «My flat».

big houses - katta uylar

parents - ota-ona
a flat - kvartira
in the centre o f - markazida
comfortable - qulay
a kitchen - oshxona
51
 a bathroom - vannaxona
a sitting-room - mehmonxona
a dining-room - ovqatlanish xonasi
a bedroom - yotoqxona
a study - darsxona
pictures - rasmlar
wall - devor
carpet - gilam
floor - pol
sofa - divan
bookshelves - kitob javonlari
closet - kiyim ilgich
mirror - oyna
Exercise 2. Read the text and discuss it.

Text: MY FLAT

There are many big houses in Bukhara. Our flat is in

one o f these houses. It is in the centre o f Bukhara. Our
flat is big and comfortable. There are 4 rooms, a kitchen
and a bathroom. The rooms are: a sitting-room, a dining­
room, a bedroom and a study. In the sitting-room there
is a TV set, some pictures on the walls, sarpets on the
floor and a sofa. There are a table, 6 chairs and a sofa in
the dining-room. There are bookshelves in the room too.
There is a closet on the wall. There are 2 beds, a little
table and a mirror in the bedroom. The fourth room is
mine. My study is a small room. There are some shelves
in the study. There are many books on the shelves.
Exercise 3. Make up sentences using the following words and
expressions.

Big houses, parents, flat, comfortable, kitchen,

bathroom, sitting-room, dining-room, bookshelf, pictures
52
on the walls, carpets on the floor, closet, a little table,
mirror.

Exercise 4. Answer the following questions according to the

text «My flat».

1. W hat kind o f houses are there in Bukhara? 2. Where

is your flat? 3. How many rooms are there in your flat?
4. W hat kind o f rooms are they? 5. W hat are there in
the sitting-room? 6. W hat are there in the dining-room?
7. W hat are there in the bedroom? 8. What are there
in your study?

Exercise 5. Learn the new words o f the text «The geographical

position o f Uzbekistan».

Central Asia - Markaziy Osiyo

between - o ‘rtasida
river - daryo
region - viloyat
flat land - tekislik
mountain - tog‘
desert - c h o i
cover - qoplamoq
square kilometre - kvadrat km
border on - chegaralanmoq
climate - iqlim
cotton growing - paxta o‘stirish
important producer - ko‘zga ko‘ringan ishlab
chiqaruvchi
silk - ipak
cotton - paxta
look at - qaramoq
map - xarita
53
 coal - ko‘mir
oil - neft
natural gas - tabiiy gaz
resource - manba
deposit - qatlam
marble - marmar
non-ferrous - rangli
include - o ‘z ichiga olmoq
gold - oltin

Exercise 6. Read the text and discuss it.

Text: THE GEOGRAPHICAL

POSITION OF UZBEKISTAN

The Republic o f Uzbekistan is one o f the four Repub­

lics o f Central Asia. Uzbekistan is situated between the
Amudarya and the Syrdarya, the great Asia rivers. It
is the region o f flat lands, mountains and deserts. The
territory o f the Republic covers 447,4 thousand square
kilometres and is larger than Great Britain or Italy.
Uzbekistan borders on Kazakhstan, Kirghisia, Tajikistan
and Turkmenia. In the south Uzbekistan borders on
Afghanistan. There are 12 regions and one Autonomous
Republic in Uzbekistan.
The climate is continental. A great number o f sunny
days are good for cotton growing. Uzbekistan is one o f
the most important producers o f cotton and silk. If you
look at the map o f the Republic o f Uzbekistan you will
see coal, oil and natural gas resources, deposits o f marble,
non-ferrous and other metals including gold.
Exercise 7. Make up sentences using the following words and
expressions.
54
 Border on, climate, cotton growing, important
producer, silk, cotton, look at, map, coal, oil, natural gas,
resource, deposit, marble, non-ferrous, include, gold.

Exercise 8. Answer the following questions according to the

text «The geographical position o f Uzbekistan».

1. Where is Uzbekistan situated? 2. What kind o f region

is it? 3. How many square kilometres is the territory of
the Republic. 4. What Republics does Uzbekistan boder
on? 5. How many regions are there in Uzbekistan? 6.
What is the role o f the climate in cotton growing? 7.
W hat kind o f resources and deposits can we see at the
map o f Uzbekistan?

Exercise 9. Read the dialogue and remember usefull

expressions.

DIALOGUE

Secretary: I am sorry, may I come in?

Boss: Come in, please.
Secretary: Excuse me for my interruption you.
Boss: Never mind. What would you like?
Secretary: Can you allow me to go home early today?
O f course, I’m awfully sorry.
Boss: No trouble at all. You may go.

Exercise 10. Repeat the following words after the announcer

and try to read them correctly.

Team, tea, deer, dear, read, near, cheese, trouble,

group, chair, fair, clear, foot, tooth, teeth, bread, threat,
boil, soil, main, rain, mean, clay, today, train, great, grey,
may, country, play, tree, free, street, book, East, please,
seasons, week, speak.
55
 Exercise 11. Fill in the blanks with the proper prepositions.

1. There are many museums ... Tashkent. 2. The

students are listening to a lecture ... the lecture hall.
3. My friends house is ... the market. 4. Uzbekistan is
situated ... the Amu-Darya and the Syr-Darya. 5. ... the
south Uzbekistan borders ... Afghanistan. 6. There are
many pictures ... the walls. 7. The blackboard is ... the
wall. 8. There are many flowers ... the window shelves.
Exercise 12. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. London Temza daryosi bo‘yida joylashgan.

2. Bizning shahrimizda bitta universitet bor. 3. Kitob
javonida bir nechta kitoblar bor. 4. Avtobusda ko‘p
odamlar bor. 5. Stol ustida bitta qalam va bitta ruchka
bor. 6. K o‘chada bir nechta mashinalar bor. 7. Pochta
yonida bitta avtobus bor. 8. Xat pochta qutisi ichida.
Exercise 13. Make up sentences with the following words and
expressions using the grammar o f the lesson.

The greatest rivers, flat lands, mountains, deserts,

border on, 12 regions, continental, a great number o f
sunny days, good for cotton growing, cotton and silk,
coal, oil and natural gas resources, deposits o f marble.

Exercise 14. Speak about your flat using the text «My flat»
and speak about the geographical position o f your native town
using the text «The geogrophical position o f Uzbekistan».

Exercise 15. Learn the dialogue by heart.

Exercise 16. Retell the texts «My flat» and «The geographical
position o f Uzbekistan».

56
LESSON 6 (8 hours)

Phonetics: a) a va о unli harflarining har xil

holatlarda o ‘qilishi.
Grammar: a) Otlaming ko‘plik soni.
b) Otlarda egalik kelishigi.
c) The Present Indefinite Tense.
Umumiy so‘roq gapda so‘z tartibi va uning ohangi.
Text: a) INDEPENDENT UZBEKISTAN.
b) THE HISTORY OF UZBEKISTAN.
Dialogue.

o harfining in,n,th,v harflari oldidan o‘qilishi

son, money
some, someone,
love, above
mother, brother

a harfining ss, st, sk, sp, th, ft harf birikmalari

oldidan o^ ilish i
grass, class, glass
fast, past, last
mask, ask, task
path, bath
craft, after

O TLARN IN G K O ‘PL IK SONI

(TH E PLU RA L FORM S O F TH E NOUNS)
Birlik sondagi otga -s (-es) qo‘shimchasini qo‘shish
orqali otlaming ko‘plik shakli yasaladi.
57
 sh, s, ss, tch, x kabi undosh harf va harf birikmalaridan
tashqari boshqa undosh hamda unli xarflar
-s qo‘shimchasi undosh, unli yoki o ‘qilmaydigan «е»
bilan tugagan otlar oxiriga qo‘shiladi.
a pen - pens , a map - maps, a tie - ties,
a sofa - sofas, a toy- toys, a book-books
s, x, ss, sh, ch, tch kabi harf va harf birikmalaridan
keyin -es qo‘shimchasi qo‘shiladi.
a dress-dresses, a box-boxes, a dish-dishes,
a bench - benches, a match - matches.
-es qo‘shimchasi undosh + у va f, fe bilan tugagan
otlarga qo‘shilganda у harfi i harfiga, f harfi v ga
aylanadi.
lady - ladies, knife - knives.
Ingliz tilida ayrim otlaming ko‘plik shakli yuqoridagi
qoidadan mustasnodir. Bu turdagi otlar o ‘zagidagi unli
o‘zgarishi bilan yoki ayrim qo‘shimchalar qo‘shilishi
bilan ko‘plikka aylanadi:
man (erkak) - men (erkaklar)
woman (ayol) - women (ayollar)
tooth (tish) - teeth (tishlar)
foot (oyoq) - feet (oyoqlar)
ox (ho‘kiz) - oxen (ho‘kizlar)

OTLARDA EGALIK (QARATQICH) KELISHIGI

(s’, ’s, of predlogi)
Egalik kelishigidagi otlar biror narsaga ega ekanlikni
yoki munosabatdalikni anglatadi.
Egalik kelishigi ’s (apostrofli s’) suffiksi yordamida
yasaladi.
58
 N aufal’s bag - Naufalning sumkasi.
My brother’s son - akamning o‘g‘li.

K o‘plik sondagi ot egalik kelishigida kelsa, unda

otning ko‘plik qo‘shimchasi -s (-es) dan so‘ng faqat (’)
apostrof qo‘yiladi.
student’s book - talabaning kitobi.
students’ book - talabalaming kitobi.
o f old ko‘makchi ot oldida ishlatilib, o‘zbek tiliga
qaratqich kelishigi qo‘shimchasi orqali tarjima qilinadi.
Bu old ko‘makchi ’s funksiyasiga mos keladi. of otdan
oldin, ’s esa otdan keyin qo‘yiladi.
A map o f Uzbekistan - Uzbekistan’s map.
A book o f Karim - Karim’s book.

HOZIRGI NOANIQ ZAMON

(PRESENT INDEFINITE TENSE)

Hozirgi noaniq zamonning darak shakli I shaxsda to

yuklamasisiz kelgan fe’l, III shaxsda esa fe’l o ‘zagiga -s
yoki -es qo‘shimchasini qo‘shish orqali yasaladi.
I work at a plant.
Karim works at the oil refinery.
Hozirgi noaniq zamondagi gaplaming so‘roq shakli to
do yordamchi fe’lining kerakli shaklini egadan oldinga
qo‘yish orqali yasaladi. to do yordamchi fe’li III shaxs
birlikda does, qolgan shaxslarda esa do shakliga ega
bo‘ladi.
Do you work at a plant? - Yes, I do.
- No, I don’t.
Does Karim work at the office? - Yes, he does.
- No, he doesn’t.
59
 E s la tm a : to be va modal fe’llar bu qoidadan
mustasno.
Hozirgi noaniq zamondagi gaplaming boNishsiz shakli
asosiy fe’ldan oldinga do not yoki does not yordamchi
fe’lini qo‘yish orqali yasaladi.
I don’t work at a plant.
Karim doesn’t work at the office.

UMUMIY SO‘ROQ GAP

(GENERAL QUESTION)
Ha yoki yo‘q degan qisqa javobni talab qiladigan
so‘roq gaplarga umumiy so ‘roq gap deyiladi.
Umumiy so‘roq gap har doim yordamchi yoki
modal fe’l bilan boshlanadi. Umumiy so‘roq gaplarda
ko‘tariluvchi ohang ishlatiladi.
Do you study at the Institute? - Yes,I do.
Is Karima at the Institute ? - No, she is not.

UMUMIY SO‘ROQ GAPDA SO‘Z TARTIBI

(WORD ORDER IN THE GENERAL QUESTION)

Yordamchi fe’l+ega+asosiy
fe ’l+aniqlovchi+to‘Idiruvchi+hol
Do you read English texts every day?
- Yes, I do.
- No, I do not.

UMUMIY SO‘ROQ GAPNING OHANGI

Umumiy so‘roq gapda ohang ko‘tariluvchan bo‘ladi.

Is Uzbekistan an Independent Republic?
- Yes, it is.
60
 Exercise 1. Leam the new words o f the text «Independent
Uzbekistan».
Great holiday - buyuk bayram
Independence day - mustaqillik kuni
widely - keng
celebrate - nishonlamoq
anniversary - yilligi (yubiley)
declare - e ’lon qilmoq
independent state - mustaqil davlat
changes - o ‘zgarishlar
undergo - sodir bo‘lmoq
foreign politics - tashqi siyosat
home politics - ichki siyosat
Constitution - konstitutsiya
anthem - madhiya, gimn
flag - bayroq
emblem - gerb
United Nations Organization - Birlashgan Millatlar
Tashkiloti
major principles - asosiy prinsip
developed countries - rivojlangan mamlakatlar
admit - tan olmoq
maintain - qo‘1lab-quvvatlamoq
economic and - iqtisodiy va madaniy aloqalar
cultural relations
joint-ventures - qo‘shma korxonalar
embessy - elchixona
Exercise 2.Read the text and discuss it.

Text. INDEPENDENT UZBEKISTAN

The Great holiday o f our people is the Independence

day. This holiday is widely celebrated on the 1st o f
61
September every year. As we know the Independence
o f Uzbekistan was declared on August 31, 1991. After
Uzbekistan had become an independent state many
changes underwent in its foreign and home politics.
Uzbekistan has its own Constitution, anthem, flag and
emblem.
Uzbekistan became the member o f the United Nations
Organization on March 2, 1992.
Uzbekistan has its own major principles o f foreign
and home politics.
More than 130 developed countries o f the world
admitted Uzbekistan as an Independent state.
Uzbekistan maintains economic and cultural relations
with the USA, Japan, Great Britain, France, Germany,
Turkey and many others. From year to year the number
o f joint-ventures, new plants, factories, embessies is
increasing in our Republic.
Exercise 3. Make up sentences with the following words and
expressions.

The Great holiday, independence day, celebrate, every

year, anniversary o f independence, know, to be declared,
become, an independent state, many changes, foreign and
home politics, own, member, major principles, developed
countries, maintain, relations, joint-ventures.

Exercise 4. Answer the following questions according to the

text «Independent Uzbekistan».

1. When is the Independence day celebrated?

2. When was the Independence o f Uzbekistan declared?
3. Has Uzbekistan its own Constitution, anthem, flag and
emblem? 4. When did Uzbekistan become the member
o f the United Nations Organization? 5. What kind o f
62
principles o f foreign and home politics has Uzbekistan?
6. How many developed countries o f the world admitted
Uzbekistan as an Independent state? 7. What countries
does Uzbekistan maintain economic and cultural relations
with? 8. W hat is increasing from year to year in our
Republic?
Exercise 5. Leam the new words o f the text «The History o f
Uzbekistan».

former - sobiq
declare - e ’lon qilmoq
still - ... gacha
exist - mavjud bo‘lmoq
institute - ta ’sis etmoq
post - lavozim
session - sessiya
Supreme Soviet - Oliy Kengash
elect - saylamoq
head o f the state - davlat boshligN
brave - jasur
decisive - hal qiluvchi
step - qadam
struggle - kurash
on the basis - asosida
universal - umumiy
equal - teng
direct - to ‘g ‘ridan to‘g ‘ri
suffrage - saylash huquqi
secrete ballot - yashirin ovoz berish
election - saylov
national-wide - umumxalq
presidential election - prezidentlikka saylov
conduct - o ‘tkazmoq
63
 receive - olmoq, qabul qilmoq
absolute - mutlaq
majority o f votes - ko‘pchilik ovoz
in accordance with - ... ga binoan
decree - qaror
prolong - uzaytirmoq
term o f office - vakolat muddati
adopt - qabul qilmoq
confirm - tasdiqlamoq
order - orden
title - unvon
currency - pul birligi
put into circulation - muomalaga kiritmoq
Armed Forces - Qurolli Kuchlar
Criminal Police - Jinoiy Politsiya
Exercise 6.Read the text and discuss it.

Text: THE HISTORY OF UZBEKISTAN

The former Uzbekistan was founded in 1924. It has

been one o f the fifteen Republics o f the former USSR for
67 years, that’s till 1991.
On March 24, 1990, Uzbekistan , the first of
Republics o f the USSR, which was still existing in that
time, instituted a post o f the President o f the Republic
o f Uzbekistan and on the session o f the Supreme Soviet
Islam A. Karimov was elected into the head o f the state.
It has been a brave and decisive step in the struggle for
independence.
On August 31, 1991, the independence o f Uzbekis­
tan was declared.
On December 29, 1991, on the basis o f universal,
equal and direct suffrage by secret ballot for elections,
64
national-wide presidential election was conducted. Islam
A. Karimov received the absolute majority o f votes and
was elected into that high post.
On March 26, 1995, in accordance with a decree of
Oliy Majlis, national-wide referendum prolonged the term
o f office o f the President Islam A. Karimov till 2000.
On November 18, 1991, the VIII th session o f the
Supreme Council adopted the Law on State Flag o f the
Republic o f Uzbekistan.
On July 2, 1992, the session o f the Supreme Council
confirmed a new State Emblem o f the Independent
Republic o f Uzbekistan.
On December 8, 1992, the session o f the Supreme
Council, after national-wide discussions, confirmed «The
Law on Adoption o f the Constitution o f the Republic of
Uzbekistan».
On December 10, 1992, the Law on State Anthem of
the Republic o f Uzbekistan was passed.
On January 14, 1992, the Armed Forces o f the
Republic o f Uzbekistan was organized.
Uzbekistan was admitted to the International Finance
Corporation (IFC).
On July 1, 1994, the national currency (soum) was
put into circulation.
On October 14, 1994, on the 63-d session o f the
General Assembly o f Interpol, Uzbekistan was admitted
to the International Organization o f the Criminal Police.
On May 7, 1993, May 5, 1994, August 30, 1995, Ap­
ril 26, 1996, August 29, 1996 orders, medals and titles of
the Republic o f Uzbekistan were instituted.
On January 6, 2000 Islam A. Karimov was reelected
into the head o f the state.

5 - Ingliz tili, Iqism 65

 Exercise 7. Make up sentences with the following words and
expressions.

Presidential election, session, conduct, Supreme

Soviet, receive, elect, absolute, head o f the state,
majority o f votes, brave, in accordance with, decisive,
decree, step, currency, secret ballot, put into circulation,
Armed Forces, Criminal Police, prolong, struggle, term
o f office, on the basis, adopt, universal, confirm, equal,
order, direct, title, suffrage.
Exercise 8. Answer the following questions according to the
text «The history o f Uzbekistan».

1.When was the former Uzbekistan founded? 2. How

long has the former Uzbekistan existed? 3. When was a
post o f the President o f Uzbekistan instituted? 4. Who
was elected into the head o f the state? 5. When was the
independence o f Uzbekistan declared? 6. W hat kind o f
election was conducted on December 29, 1991? 7. When
was the term o f office o f the President Islam A.Karimov
prolonged till 2000? 8. What law was adopted on
November 18,1991? 9. When was a new State Emblem o f
the Independent Republic o f Uzbekistan confirmed? 10.
What was adopted on December 8, 1992? 11. When was
the Law on State Anthem o f the Republic o f Uzbekistan
passed? 12. What was organized on January 14, 1992? 13.
What corporation was Uzbekistan admitted to? 14. When
was the national currency (soum) put into circulation? 15.
Where was Uzbekistan admitted on October 14, 1994, on
the 63rd session o f the General Assembly o f Interpol?
16. When were orders, medals and titles o f the Republic
o f Uzbekistan instituted? 17. Who was reelected into the
head o f the state on January 6, 2000?

66
 Exercise 9. Read the dialogue and remember usefull
expressions.

DIALOGUE

A foreign student and a student from Uzbekistan are

having a talk about Uzbekistan.

Jane: Bamo, let us speak about your country.

Bamo: OK. W hat are you interested in?
Jane: When is the Independence Day o f Uzbekistan
celebrated?
Bamo: It is celebrated on the 1 st o f September every
year.
Jane: When was the Independence o f Uzbekistan
declared?
Bamo: It was declared on August 31, 1991.
Jane: Has Uzbekistan its own Constitution, anthem,
flag and emblem?
Bamo: O f course, it has.
Jane: Is Uzbekistan the member o f the United Nations
Organization?
Bamo: Yes, it is. Uzbekistan became the member o f
the UNO on March 2, 1992.
Jane: W hat countries does Uzbekistan maintain eco­
nomic and cultural relations with?
Bamo: Uzbekistan maintains economic and cultural
relations with the USA, Japan, Great Britain, France,
Germany, Turkey and many others.
Jane: Thank you for your information, Bamo.
Bamo: You are welcome.

67
 Exercise 10. Repeat the following words after the announcer
and try to read them correctly.

Some, somebody, front, rasp, other, love, ask, fast,

mask, craft, brass, path, glass, some, basket-ball, after,
somebody, afternoon, basket, front, govern, government,
grass, lasting, peace, pass, someone, sometimes, son,
glove, something.

Exercise 11. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Bu sizning qalamingizmi? 2. Yo‘q, bu mening

qalamim emas. 3. Bu Salimning soati. 4. Singlimning
sumkasi oq, meniki esa qora. 5. Menda soat y o ‘q.
6. Sizning soatingiz qani? 7. 0 ‘zbekistonning kelajagi
buyuk. 8. Bizning uyimiz shahar markazida joylashgan.

Exercise 12. Translate the following phrases into English.

Dugonamning oyisi, ukamning qalami, xolamning uyi,

opamning qizi, fakultetning a ’lochi talabasi, institutning
faxri, kompyuter xotirasi, 0 ‘zbekiston tarixi.
Exercise 13. Change the following sentences into interrogative
and negative sentences.

1. His father works at the office. 2. He knows English

better than his brother. 3. They have practical lessons
every day. 4. We usually speak Uzbek. 5. Our lessons
begin at 8.30 a.m. 6. Many students study at our Institute.
7. She always does her lessons in the evening. 8. Mike
speaks English very fluently.

Exercise 14. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Men har kuni kollejga boraman. 2. Ular, odat-

da, tajriba-amaliyotlarini korxonalarda o ‘tkazishadi.
68
3. Bizning kollejimizga chet ellik mehmonlar tez-tez
kelib turadi. 4. U hech qachon darslami qoldirmaydi.
5. U sport bilan shug‘ullanadi. 6. Tom ingliz.tilini yaxshi
biladi. 7. Men uni tez-tez valuta almashtirish shoxobchasi
oldida ko‘raman. 8. U hech qayerda ishlamaydi.
Exercise 15. Speak about your town’s history using the text
«The history o f Uzbekistan».

Exercise 16. Leam the dialogue by heart.

Exercise 17. Retell the texts «Independent Uzbekistan» and

«The history o f Uzbekistan».

69
LESSON 7 (8 hours)

Phonetics: a) Ba’zi bir undoshlaming o ‘qilmaslik holatlari.

Grammar: a) can modal fe’li.
b) as bog‘lovchisining ishlatilishi.
Text: a) THE ACTIVITY OF PEOPLE IN THE MARKET
ECONOMY.
b) THE USA
Dialogue.

Ayrim undoshlarning
o‘qilmaslik holatlari

wh harf birikmasidan keyin «о» harfi kelsa, bu harf

birikmasi [ h ] deb o ‘qiladi. Agar wh harf birikmasidan
keyin «о» dan boshqa unlilar kelsa, bu harf birikmasi [w]
deb o‘qiladi.
[ h ] who, whom, whose
wh
[ w ] what, when, where, which, why
gh harf birikmasi ko‘p hollarda o‘qilmaydi, b a’zi bir
hollarda [f] tovushini beradi.

i+gh - high, sigh,

i+ght - night, right, fight
enough, laugh, rough

wr harf birikmasi [ r ] deb o ‘qiladi.

write, wrote, wrist, wry

kn harf birikmasi [ n ] deb o ‘qiladi.
know, knee, knew
70
 ft harf birikmasi [ f ] deb o ‘qiladi.
often, soften
mn harf birikmasi [ m ] deb o ‘qiladi.
M a s a i an: autumn
st harf birikmasi [ s ] deb o‘qiladi.
M a s a l a n : listen
sw harf birikmasi [ s ] deb o‘qiladi.
M a s a l a n : answer.

CAN MODAL FE’LINING HOZIRGI NOANIQ

ZAMONDA TUSLANISHI

Can modal fe’li jismoniy va aqliy qobiliyatni

ifodalaydi va o ‘zbek tiliga qila olmoq, bajara olmoq deb
tarjima qilinadi.
I can translate this text myself.
You can translate this text yourself.
He can translate this text himself.
She can translate this text herself.
We can translate this text ourselves.
You can translate this text yourselves.
They can translate this text themselves.
Can modal fe’li ishtirok etgan gaplaming so‘roq
shakli can modal fe’lining hozirgi zamondagi shaklini
egadan oldinga qo‘yish orqali yasaladi. M a sa lan:
Can I translate this text myself? - Yes, I can.
- No, I cannot.
Can you translate this text - Yes, I can.
yourself? - No, I cannot.
Can he translate this text - Yes, he can.
himself? - No, he cannot,
Can she translate this text - Yes, she can.
herself? - No, she cannot.
71
 Can we translate this text - Yes, we can.
ourselves? - No, we cannot.
Can you translate this text - Yes, w e can.
yourselves? - No, we cannot.
Can they translate this text - Yes, theycan.
themselves? - No, they cannot.
Can modal fe’li ishtirok etgan gaplaming inkor shakli
san modal fe’lining hozirgi zamondagi shaklidan keyin
not inkor yuklamasini qo‘yish orqali yasaladi.

I cannot translate this text myself.

You cannot translate this text yourself.
He cannot translate this text himself.
She cannot translate this text herself.
We cannot translate this text ourselves.
You cannot translate this text yourselves.
They cannot translate this text themselves.
Can modal fe’li imkoniyatni ham ifodalaydi.

You can see many beautiful pictures on the walls.

AS BOG‘LOVCHISINING ISHLATILISHI

As bogTovchisi ergashtiruvchi bogiovchi bo4lib, u

bosh gap bilan ergash gapni bir-biri bilan bog‘laydi. U
quyidagi ergash gaplar tarkibida ishlatiladi.

1. Holat ergash gapli qo‘shma gap tarkibida:

a) payt: as - vaqtda, qachonki
As I was coming here, I met your brother.

b) sabab: as - sababli
As I have not read the book, I cannot tell you anything
about it.
72
 с) holat holi: as - qanday (... dek)
Г 11 do it as you told me.

Exercise 1. Leam the new words o f the text «The activity o f

people in the market economy».

market economy - bozor iqtisodiyoti

be based on - ...ga asoslangan
monetary-goods circulation - pul-tovar
munosabatlari
feature - o ‘ziga xos xususiyat
variety - turli-tumanlik
forms o f property - mulkchilik shakllari
conducting the economy - xo‘jalik yuritish
freely - erkin
side-by-side - yonma-yon
unlimitedly - chegaralanmagan holda
property owners - mulk egalari
producer - ishlab chiqaruvchi
consumer - iste’molchi
apply - ishlatmoq
relation - aloqa
arrange - o‘matmoq
plan - ko‘zlamoq
benefit - manfaat
price - narx-navo
social justice - ijtimoiy adolat
adaptable - moslashuvchan
science - fan
technology - texnika
confusion - tarqoqlik
egoism - xudbinlik
enterpreneurship - tadbirkorlik

73
 Exercise 2. Read the text and discuss it.

Text. THE ACTIVITY OF PEOPLE IN

THE MARKET ECONOMY

Market economy is a type o f economy which is based

on the monetary-goods circulations and is managed on
the base o f economic laws which are characteristic for
them.
The main features o f market economy are the
following:
1. Economic pluralism. It is a variety o f the forms
o f property and conducting the economy. Here different
forms o f property are developed freely, side-by-side and
unlimitedly.
2. Market economy is a free economy. Here the absolute
independence o f property owners is understood.
The producer and consumer can apply their goods and
money as they know.
3. In the market economy the relations are arranged
planning the benefit.
4. Another feature o f market economy is a liberalization
o f prices, that is a free organization o f prices.
5. Market economy has typical rules o f social justice.
Market economy is an adaptable system. It can answer
the changes o f condition immediately and accepts the
news o f the science and technology easily.
As the market is an activity o f million producers and
consumers confusion and egoism are also characteristic
for it.
Realizing the creational and labour possibilities
o f people, market economy opens the way to the
enterpreneurship and business.

74
 Exercise 3. Make up sentences with the following words and
expressions.

On the base o f economic laws, feature, free economy,

absolute independence o f property owners, plan the
benefit, liberalization o f prices, typical rules, adaptable
system, answer the changes o f condition, news o f the
science, activity o f million producers and consumers,
creational and labour possibilities o f people.
Exercise 4. Answer the following questions according to the
text «The activity o f people in the market economy» .

1. W hat type o f economy is market economy? 2.

W hat is economic pluralism? 3. W hat is understood by
«a free economy»? 4. W hat is a libarelization o f prices?
5. Why is market economy considered to be an adaptable
system? 6.Why are confusion and egoism characteristic
for market economy? 7. How does market economy open
the way to the entrepreneurship and business?
Exercise 5. Leam the new words o f the text «The United
States o f America».

the United States o f - Amerika Q o‘shma

America Shtatlari
to be founded - tashkil topmoq
struggle for Independence - Mustaqillik uchun
kurash
end - tugamoq
in favour o f the colonists - kolonistlar foydasiga
steadily increase - keskin rivojlan
original - dastlabki
central part - markaziy qism
continent - qit’a
come from - kelib chiqmoq
75
spread - tarqalmoq
through Europe - Yevropa bo ‘у lab
soften - o ‘girmoq
seat o f the national - milliy hukumat o ‘mi
government
Exercise 6. Read the text and discuss it.

Text. THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA

The United States o f America were founded on July

4, 1776.
Since 1783, when the struggle for Independence
ended in favour o f the colonists, the USA has steadily
increased its power, and the original thirteen States have
now grown to fifty.
The United States lies in the central part o f the North
American sontinent with the Atlantic Ocean to the east,
the Pacific to the west, the Dominion o f Canada to the
north, and Mexico to the south.
The name America comes from «amalric» or
«emmerich», an old - German word spread through
Europe by the Goths, and softened in Latin to «Americus»
and in Italian to «Amerigo».
The USA covers an area o f 3,022,387 square mi­
les, and is divided into fifty states and the District o f
Columbia, the seat o f the national government.
Exercise 7. Make up sentences with the following words and
expressions.

Central part, to be founded, continent, struggle for

Independence, come from, spread, through Europe,
soften, over, United States o f America, seat o f the
national government, end, in favour o f the colonists,
steadily increase.
76
 Exercise 8. Answer the following questions according to the
text «The United States o f America».

1. When was the United States o f America founded?

2. Where are the United States situated? 3. W hat is the
origin o f the name America? 4. What is the territory o f
the USA? 5. W hat is the USA divided into?

Exercise 9. Read the dialogue and remember usefull

expressions.

DIALOGUE

On the first day o f his stay in Tashkent Bill went out

and decided to go to the National Bank.
Bill: Excuse me, can I have you for a minute?
Passer-by: O f course, what can I do for you?
Bill: Could you tell me the way to the National
Bank?
Passer-by: First go straight ahead for about 500
metres, then turn to the right... .
Bill: Excuse me, can I go there by bus or trolley­
bus?
Passer-by: Yes, you can. Take bus N 6 and get off
after two stops. Then walk a little and in three minutes
you will be there.
Bill: Thanks a lot for your help.

Exercise 10. Translate the following sentences into Uzbek.

1 .1 can’t speak English. 2. Can she take your book? -

Yes, she can. 3. Karim can’t translate this text. 4. He can
repair his tape-recorder himself. 5. We can do this work
in time. 6. Can I take your pen? - Yes, you can. 7. Lola
can help her mother. 8. It can rain today.
77
 Exercise 11. Repeat the following words after the announcer
and try to read them correctly.

Know, knowledge, soften, wrap, wrong, wry, wrack

(halokatga yuz tutish), knock, knot (tugun), knoll (tepalik),
knout (qamchi), fight, frighten, eight, night, knig (qirol),
white, whine (irillamoq), whole, column, answerable.
Exercise 12. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. U ingliz tilida ravon gapira oladi. 2. Siz u yerda

ko‘rkam binolar va s o iim bogMami ko‘rishingiz
mumkin. 3. Siz qaysi tillarda gapira olasiz? 4. Men
gitara chalolmayman. 5. Siz menga yordam bera olasiz-
mi? - Ha. 6. M ening o ‘rtog‘im uch tilda gapira oladi.
7. Ular bu matnni lug‘atsiz tarjima qilaolmaydilar.
8. Men har qanday ishni o ‘zim bajara olaman.
Exercise 13. Make up sentences with the following words and
expressions using the grammar o f the lesson.

Found, struggle for Independence, in favour of, steadily,

increase, power, grow, lie, central part of, continent, to
the south, come from, old, spread through, cover, square
miles, is divided into, the District o f Columbia, the seat
o f the national government.
Exercise 14. Translate the following sentences into Uzbek
paying attention to the meaning o f the conjunction «as».

1. As I didn’t know about market economy, I could

not answer the questions. 2. You may do it as you like. 3.
As I was reading the book, I made notes. 4. As he knows
English well, he passed the tests easily. 5. Act as you
want. 6. As she was answering the questions, the teacher
interrupted her. 7. As my friend did not ask me, I did not
help him. 8. As the professor was reading a lecture, the
students took notes.
78
 Exercise 15. Speak about your country using the text «The
United States o f America» and give your opinion about the text
«The activity o f people in the market economy».

Exercise 16. Learn the dialogue by heart.

Exercise 17. Retell the texts «The United States o f America»

and «The activity o f people in the market economy».

79
LESSON 8 (8 hours)

Phonetics: a) wa-, war-, wor- harf birikmalarining o ‘qilishi.

Grammar: a) Who (whom) ishtirokidagi murakkab gaplar.
Text: a) GREAT BRITAIN.
b) TYPES OF EXPENSES IN THE MARKET
ECONOMY.
Dialogue.

wa-, war-, wor- - harf birikmalarining o‘qilishi

wa harf birikmasi [o] deb o ‘qiladi: water, want, was,

watch
war harf birikmasi [wo] deb o ‘qiladi: war, warm,
ward, warn
wor harf birikmasi [we] deb o ‘qiladi: word, work,
worth, worse.

Who (whom) ishtirokidagi murakkab gaplar

who (whom) olmoshlari murakkab gaplarda

bogMovchi vazifasini bajaradi. Bunday hollarda ular
qaysiki, kim, kimni m a’nolarini anglatadi. who (whom)
bogiovchilari quyidagi vazifalami bajaradi:
Ega: I know the man who wrote this article.
To‘ldiruvchi: I don’t know whom he sent there.
Kesimning bir qismi: The question is who will go
there.

80
 Exercise 1. Learn the new words o f the text «Great Britain».

British Kingdom - Britaniya Qirolligi

large historical areas - katta tarixiy maydonlar
England - Angliya
Scotland - Shotlandiya
Wales - Uels
Northern Ireland - Shimoliy Irlandiya
a number o f - ko‘p sonli
island - orol
Briton - britaniyalik (millat)
native inhabitant - tub aholisi
anthem - madhiya
God Save the Qween/King - 0 ‘zing Qirolichani/
Qirolni asra
currency - pul birligi
pound - funt
regions - regionlar
chief regional administ- - bosh mintaqaviy
rative units m a’muriy birliklar
call - chaqirish (telefonda chaqirish)
district - tuman
official language - davlat tili
predominant language - ko‘p ishlatiladigan til
part - qism

Exercise 2. Read the text and discuss it.

Text. GREAT BRITAIN

The British Kingdom includes 4 large historical areas:

England, Scotland, Wales, Northern Ireland and a number
o f smaller islands.
6- Ingliz tili, I qism 81
 Briton is a native inhabitant o f Great Britain.
Flag. Known as the Union Jack.
Anthem. «God Save the Qween / King» is the British
National Anthem.
Currency. Pound.
Regions. The chief regional administrative units
are called countries in England and Wales, regions in
Scotland, and districts in Northern Ireland.
Languages. English is the official and predominant
language. Garlic is spoken in parts o f Scotland and
Northern Ireland and so on.
Exercise 3. Make up sentences with the following words and
expressions.

Large historical areas, a number of, island, native

inhabitant, anthem, currency, pound, regions, chief
regional administrative units, call, district, official
language, predominant language, part.
Exercise 4. Answer the following questions according to the
text «Great Britain».

1. What kind o f historical areas does the British

Kingdom include? 2. W hat is a native inhabitant o f Great
Britain? 3. W hat is the flag and anthem o f Great Britain?
4. What is the currency o f Great Britain? 5. W hat regions
does British Kingdom consist of? 6. What languages are
spoken in Great Britain?
Exercise 5. Learn the new words o f the text «Types o f expenses
in the market economy».

firm - firm a
buy - sotib olmoq
resource - resurs
use - foydalanmoq
82
 paid services - pulli xizmatlar
to run activity - faoliyat yuritmoq
employ - ishlatmoq
formerly bought resources - oldin sotib olingan
resurslar
building - bino
machinery - mashina, mexanizm
machine-tool - dastgoh
equipment - asbob-uskuna
expense - xarajat
rent - ijara haqi
fine - ustama
credit - qarz
bank - bank
external and internal - tashqi va ichki xarajatlar
expenses
working-force - ish kuchi
raw materials - xomashyo
fuel - yonilg‘i
energy - energiya
payment - to‘lov
transport - transport
communication - aloqa
Exercise 6. Read the text and discuss it.
Text. TYPES OF EXPENSES IN
THE MARKET ECONOMY
A firm buys resources and uses paid services to run
its activity. Firm also employs such formerly bought
resources as buildings, machinery, machine-tool,
equipments, expenses had been done for these resources
before too. Besides that, firm pays rent and fine for
credits gotten from banks. According to this, expenses
are divided into external and internal expenses.
83
 Buying working-force, raw materials, fuel, energy,
payment for transport, communication and other services,
as well as, taxes belong to external expenses. Buildings,
equipments, rent and others are internal expenses.

TYPES OF EXPENSES

external internal
expenses expenses

working fu e l building
energy constructions rent
force

raw Bank, machinary, measured

material commercial equipment benefit
services

taxes transport fine

communication
srvices

Exercise 7. Make up sentences with the following words and

expressions.

Raw materials, equipment, fuel, energy, rent, payment,

fine, transport, credit, communication, bank, as well as,
external and internal taxes, expenses, working-force.

Exercise 8. Answer the following questions according to the

text «Types o f expenses in the market economy».

1. Why does a firm buy resources and use paid

services? 2. What do firms also employ? 3. How are
expenses divided? 4. W hat belongs to external expenses?
5. What belongs to internal expenses?
84
 Exercise 9. Read the dialogue and remember usefull
expressions.

DIALOGUE
A student is answering to his ticket at the examination.
The question o f the ticket is about Great Britain.

Teacher: What is your question?

Student: About Great Britain.
Teacher: Well, what do you know about Great
Britain?
Student: The British Kingdom includes 4 large
historical areas:England, Scotland, Wales, Northen
Ireland and a number o f smaller slands.
Teacher: W hat is a native inhabitant o f Great
Britain?
Student: Briton is.
Teacher: What do you know abour flag, anthem and
currency o f Great Britain?
Student: Flag. Known as the Union Jack. Anthem.
«God Save the Qween/King» is the British National
Anthem. Currency. Pound.
Teacher: All right, you are free.
Student: Good bye!

Exercise 10. Repeat the following words after the announcer

and try to read them correctly.
Wardrobe, wan, ward, was, warn, walk, wallket, wall,
wall-newspaper, world, worm, wallpaper, worth, war,
wort (yeyiladigan o ‘t), worship (sig‘inish), warmly, wash,
washing-machine, Washington, wasp, watch, watch­
maker, watchman, water-colours, waterfall, watering-
can, water-melon, waterproof, water-way.
85
 Exercise 11. Fill in the blanks with «who» or «whom».

1. Roger is a man ... I know very well. 2. Roger is a

man ... knows me very well. 3. She did not know ... she
had given her book. 4. I did not see ... had brought the
letter. 5. It is not known ... he invited to the party. 6. The
problem is ... will show him the road. 7. I don’t know ...
he loves. 8. I don’t know ... loves him.

Exercise 12. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Men bu matnni kim tarjima qilganligini bilmayman.

2. U boTib o ‘tgan voqeani kimga gapirib berishni
bilmasdi. 3. Biz ulardan kimni kutayotganliklarini so‘-
radik. 4. Rodjer bu savolga javob topa oladigan biror
kishini ham uchratmadi. 5. Janob Smit kim haqida
o‘ylayotganligini ular bilishmas edi. 6. U guruhda ingliz
tilini eng yaxshi biladigan talaba. 7. Firma boshlig‘i
ertaga Toshkentga kim tashrif buyurishini bilmaydi. 8. U
o ‘zining eng yaxshi ko‘rgan kishisini uchratdi.

Exercise 13. Speak about your native town using the text
«Great Britain» and give your own opinion about types o f expenses
in the market economy.
Exercise 14. Learn the dialogue by heart.

Exercise 15. Retell the texts «Great Britain» and «Types of

expenses in the market economy».

86
LESSON 9 (8 hours)

Phonetics: a) tt, 11, ss - harf birikmalarining o ‘qilish

qoidalari.
Grammar: a) it is easy (difficult,...) to oboroti.
Text: ABOUT BUSINESS.
Dialogue.

tt, 11, ss - harf birikmalarining o‘qilishi

tt h arf birikmasi [t] deb o‘qiladi.

M as a la n : battle (to‘polon), kettle, little
11 h arf birikmasi [1] deb o‘qiladi.
M a s a la n : tall, hall, call
ss harf birikmasi [s]deb o ‘qiladi.
M a s a la n : glossary, class

It is easy (difficult,...) to oboroti.

It is easy (difficult,...) to oboroti biror ish harakatning

sifatini ajratib ko‘rsatish maqsadida ishlatiladi. Bu
oborotdan keyin har doim infinitiv ishlatiladi.
It is difficult to translate this text for me.
It is important to discuss this problem.
It is necessary to be in time for the lessons.

It is easy (difficult,...) to oboroti ishlatilgan gaplaming

so‘roq shakli is ni egadan oldinga qo‘yish orqali yasaladi.
Bunday gaplar shaxsi topilmas gaplar bo‘lganligi sababli
ingliz tilida ulaming egasi it hisoblanadi.
87
 Is it difficult to translate this text for me?
- Yes, it is.
- No, it is not.
Is it important to discuss this problem?
- Yes, it is.
- No, it is not.
Is it necessary to be in time for the lessons?
- Yes, it is.
- No, it is not.

BoNishsiz shakli esa is dan keyin not inkor yuklama-

sini qo‘yish orqali yasaladi.

It is not difficult to translate this text for me.

It is not important to discuss this problem.
It is not necessary to finish this work today.
Exercise 1. Learn the new words o f the text «About
business».

business - biznes
mean - anglatmoq
economic activity - xo‘jalik faoliyati
bring profit - foyda keltirmoq
function - faoliyat ko‘rsatmoq
production o f goods - tovar ishlab chiqarish
sell - sotmoq
servicing - xizmat ko‘rsatish
transport - transport
other fields o f life - hayotning boshqa jabhalari
according to - ... ga binoan
sphere o f conducting - xo‘jalik yuritish sohasi
economy
divide into - ... ga bo‘linmoq
large-scale - yirik
 average (medium) - o ‘rta
small - kichik

Exercise 2. Read the text and discuss it.

Text. ABOUT BUSINESS

«Business» is an English word. It means «delo» in

Russian, «faoliyat» in Uzbek. Business is an economic
activity which brings profit. Business is an activity which
functions in the production o f goods and selling them,
servicing, transport and in the other fields o f life.
According to the sphere o f conducting economy
business is divided into large-scale, average (medium)
and small.
Activity o f business is people’s being engaged with
a public labour which is usefull for themselves and
society. People can perform this activity in the sphere of
production, services, transport and etc.
Exercise 3. Make up sentences with the following words and
expressions.

Business, economic activity, bring profit, function,

production o f goods, sell, servicing, transport, other fields
o f life, according to, sphere o f conducting, economy,
divide into, large-scale, average (medium), small.

Exercise 4. Answer the following questions according to the

text «About business».

1. What word is «Business»? 2. W hat does the word

«business» mean in Russian and Uzbek? 3. W hat kind
o f activity is business? 4. Where does business function?
5. W hat types is business divided into according to the
89
sphere o f conducting economy? 6. W hat is activity o f
business?
Exercise 5. Read the dialogue and remember usefull
expressions.

DIALOGUE

Mr. Blake has come to the Uzbek Trade Delegation.

He has an appointment with Mr. Nazarov.
Blake: Good morning! My name is Blake. I’m from
Blake and Co. I’ve got an appointment with Mr. Nazarov
at 10.15.
Receptionist: Good morning, Mr. Blake. Mr. Nazarov
is waiting for you. Will you take a seat, please?
(In a few minutes Nazarov comes downstairs
to meet him.)
Nazarov: Oh, Mr Blake, nice to see you here. How
are you?
Blake: Fine, thanks! And you?
Nazarov: Pretty well too, thank you. This way,
please.
Blake: Now, Mr Nazarov, how about our quotation
and catalogues? Have you looked them through?
Nazarov: Sure! We’ve studied them closely. The new
model is certainly good.
Blake: Yes, it’s o f high quality. We’ve just started
producing the model and w e’ve already received a lot o f
orders.
Nazarov: Your machines meet our requirements and
we are interested in buying them. Mr Blake, have you
seen our contract form?
Blake: Not yet.
Nazarov: Would you like to look it through?
90
 Blake: I certainly would.
Nazarov: Here you are, M r Blake. Please study our
terms and let’s meet again next Tuesday.
Blake: All right, Mr Nazarov. Good-bye for now.

Exercise 6. Repeat the following words after the announcer

and try to read them correctly.

Settle, dull, rattle, little, class, pussy, fatty, grass,

glass, battle, kettle, roll, will, well, mettle, cell, pottage
(quyuq sho‘rva), pottery.
Exercise 7. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Bu masalani bugun hal qilish zarur. 2. Kompyuterda

ishlash qiyinmi? 3. Bitimni darhol imzolash kerak. 4.
Bu matnni tarjima qilish qiyin emas. 5. lining uyiga
olib boradigan y o in i topish juda oson. 6. Siz uni kutib
olishingiz zarur. 7. Bu so‘zlami transkripsiya qilish juda
qiyin. 8. Ularga yordam berish kerak.
Exercise 8. M ake up sentences with the following words and
expressions using the grammar o f the lesson.
To sign the contract, to meet a businessman, next
week, contract form, to make an appointment, to have an
appointment, to thank, to phone, to meet the requirements,
to help, to mean, on business, for pleasure.
Exercise 9. Give your own opinion about business.

Exercise 10. Learn the dialogue by heart.

Exercise 11. Retell the texts «About business» and «The

activity o f business».

91
LESSON 10 (4 hours)

Phonetics: a) ew, aw, ow harf birikmalarining o ‘qilishi.

Grammar: a) than so‘zining qiyoslash maqsadida ishlatilishi.
Text: LARGE-SCALE AND SMALL BUSINESS.
Dialogue.

ew, aw, ow harf birikmalarining o ^ ilish i

ew harf birikmasi [ju:] deb o ‘qiladi.

M a s a la n : new, few, mews (otxona)
aw harf birikmasi [э:] deb o ‘qiladi.
M a s a l a n : awful, saw, paw, raw,
ow harf birikmasi [au] deb o ‘qiladi.
M a s a l a n : now, how, down, town.

THAN SO‘ZINING QIYOSLASH MAQSADIDA

ISHLATILISHI
than so‘zi sifat va ravishlaming qiyosiy darajasida
ishlatiladi.
than so‘zi ikkita narsa yoki ish harakatini cho-
g ‘ishtirishda qo‘llaniladi. 0 ‘zbek tiliga qaraganda...,
-roq deb taijima qilinadi.
Sifat:
I am bigger than you are.
He is bigger than his brother.
She is bigger than her sister.
We are bigger than they are.
You are bigger than he is.
They are bigger than we are.
92
 Ravish:
I speak English more fluently than you do.
He speaks English more fluently than she does.
She speaks English more fluently than I do.
We speak English more fluently than they do.
You speak English more fluently than he does.
They speak English more fluently than we do.
Exercise 1. Learn the new words o f the text «Large-scale and
small business».
small business - kichik biznes
perform - amalga oshirmoq
individual person - yakka shaxs
microfirm - mikrofirma
firm - firma
include - o ‘z ichiga olmoq
enterprise - korxona
stand out - ajralib turmoq
adapt to - ... ga moslashmoq
condition - sharoit
easily - osonlik bilan
on the level o f - mamlakatlar darajasida
countries
manufacture - ishlab chiqarish
mainly - asosan
big industry - yirik ishlab chiqarish
mechanized - mexanizatsiyalashgan
automated branches - avtomatlashgan sohalar
Exercise 2. Read the text and discuss it.

Text. LARGE-SCALE and SMALL BUSINESS

According to the sphere o f conducting economy
business is divided into large-scale, average (medium)
and small.
93
 Small business is performed on the level o f an
individual person, microfirms and firms. Small business
includes enterprises where about 10-20 people work.
Small business stands out for its being adapted to the
condition easily.
Large-scale business is performed on the level o f
countries. More than 500 people are usually busy with
large-scale business in the manufacture. Large-scale
business mainly includes big industry, mechanized and
automated branches.
Exercise 3. Make up sentences with the following words and
expressions.
Small business, perform, individual person, microfirm,
include, enterprise, stand out, adapt to, condition,
easily, manufacture, mainly, big, industry, mechanized,
automated branches.
Exercise 4. Answer the following questions according to the
text «Large-scale and small business».

1. Where is small business performed? 2. What kind

o f enterprises does small business include? 3. What does
small business stand out for? 4. Where is large-scale
business performed? 5. How many people are usually
busy with large-scale business in the manufacture? 6.
What does large-scale business mainly include?

Exercise 5. Read the dialogue and remember usefull

expressions.
DIALOGUE

Aliev and his friend Bell are talking about their work.
Aliev: I know your company is very large, Mr Bell.
Bell: Yes w e’ve got offices in different cities. I meet
our customers everyday.
94
 Aliev: Oh, really? And when do you usually come to
the office?
Bell: At 9 in the morning.
Aliev: Do you stay in the office all day?
Bell: I often do. I read cables and telexes and write
letters.
Aliev: I do that in my office in Tashkent too.
Bell: Are you always very busy?
Aliev: Yes, very busy till 6 o ’clock.
Bell: I finish my work at 6 p.m. too and come home at
7 p.m.
Aliev: Do you always stay at home in the evening?
Bell: Not always. Sometimes we go out, but
sometimes we stay at home and read books or watch
television.
Aliev: That sounds nice.

Exercise 6. Repeat the following words after the announcer

and try to read them correctly.

Crew, brown, mow (o‘rmoq), down, dawn, raw, few,

throw, grow, saw, law, tower, scow (jahldor), pawn, row,
shrewd (ayyor), stew, low, town, caw, unstow, down,
awl, now.

Exercise 7. Translate the following sentences into English.

1. Bu korxona ana unisiga qaraganda kattaroq. 2. Mana
bu korxona boshlig‘i ana u korxona boshlig‘iga qaraganda
tajribaliroq. 3. U ingliz tilida ukasiga qaraganda tezroq
gapiradi. 4. Men o‘zbek tilini ingliz tiliga qaraganda
yaxshiroq bilaman. 5. Ular kechagiga qaraganda ko‘proq
ishlashdi. 6. Mana bu talaba ana unisiga qaraganda
kuchliroq. 7. Rus tili qozoq tiliga qaraganda qiyinroq.
8. Bu matn ana unisiga qaraganda osonroq.
95
Я до
Exercise 8. Make up sentences with the following words and
expressions using the grammar o f the lesson.
Small business, condition, individual person,
microfirm, manufacture, firm, big industry, enterprise,
mechanized, stand out, automated branches.
Exercise 9. Give your own opinion about the large-scale and
small business.
Exercise 10. Learn the dialogue by heart.
Exercise 11. Retell the text «Large-scale and small business».

FOY D A LA N ILG A N A D A BIY O TLA R

TH E LIST OF USED LITERATURE

1. Abdalina Ye.A., Hoshimova R.J., Sharner N.A. Ingliz

tili. -T oshkent, 1997. 106-b.
2. Briony Beaven w ith Liz & John Soars. Headstart.
Beginners. O xford U niversity Press.
3. Ismailov A. A. English for beginners. «U niver­
sity». -T ashkent, 1997.
4. Parpiyev A. English O liy o ‘quv yurtlariga kiruvchilar
uchun q o ilan m a. 1987.
5. Rogova G.V. va b. English in two years. - M oskva,
1989.
6. Raymond Murphy. English G ram m ar in use. A self-study
reference and practice book for elem entary level. Cam bridge
U niversity Press.